Henry Clay Township is a township in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,764 at the 2020 census. The township was created June 9, 1824, from the eastern portion of Wharton Township. It is named for 19th-century American statesman Henry Clay. The northwestern corner of its territory was used to create Stewart Township on November 17, 1855. It is served by the Uniontown Area School District.

U.S. Route 40 enters Pennsylvania at West Alexander. It closely parallels Interstate 70 (I-70) from West Virginia until it reaches Washington, where it follows Jefferson Avenue and Maiden Street. In Washington, US 40 passes to the south of Washington & Jefferson College. Following Maiden Street out of town, the road turns southeast toward the town of California. A short limited access highway in California and West Brownsville provides an approach to the Lane Bane Bridge across the Monongahela River. From here, the road continues southeast to Uniontown.