Hetman
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Hetman is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders. First used by the Czechs in Bohemia in the 15th century, it was the title of the second-highe
Hetman Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł
Hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz wearing a traditional costume of Polish magnates
Janusz Radziwiłł, one of the most powerful people in the Commonwealth at the time
Ukrainian Hetman Bohdan Zinoviy Khmelnytsky
Ataman
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Ataman was a title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. In the Russian Empire, the term was the official title of the supreme military commanders of the Cossack armies. The Ukrainian vers
Hetman
…Czech Republic, the title is used for regional governors. The term hetman was a Polish borrowing, most likely stemming via Czech from the Turkic title ataman (literally 'father of horsemen'); however, it could also come from the German Hauptmann – lit. captain. Since hetman as a title first appeared in Czechia…
Ivan Matveevich Krasnoshchekov, Ataman of the Don Cossacks. Portrait is from 1761. The term Ataman is a theme of various Russian folk songs (Watch Russian folk song where Ataman is the theme of the song on YouTube)
Ilja Jefimowitsch Repin Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks Yorck