1.
Rutan Long-EZ
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The Rutan Model 61 Long-EZ is a homebuilt aircraft with a canard layout designed by Burt Rutans Rutan Aircraft Factory. It is derived from the VariEze, which was first offered to homebuilders in 1976, the prototype, N79RA of the Long-EZ first flew on June 12,1979. The Long-EZ was a clean-sheet scaled-up redesign of the VariEze predecessor, plans were offered from 1980 to 1985. As of late 2005, approximately 700 Long EZs are FAA registered in the USA, in January 1985, it was announced that plans for a new canard were being offered, to eliminate rain trim change that had been experienced by Long-EZ pilots. The new canard was designed with the Roncz R1145MS airfoil, which produces more lift than the original GU25-58 airfoil. This enabled the new canard to be designed with less span, reducing wetted area, the new canard has a negligible rain trim and the rain only adds 2 knots to the stall speed. The aircraft is designed for fuel-efficient long-range flight, with a range of just over 2,000 miles and it can fly for over ten hours and up to 1,600 miles on 52 gallons of fuel. Equipped with a fuel tank, a Long-EZ has flown for 4,800 miles. The pilot sits in a seat and controls the Long-EZ by means of a side-stick controller situated on the right-hand console. In addition to having an airbrake on the underside, the twin tails wing-tip rudders can be deflected outwards to act as auxiliary airbrakes, in 1996 Burt Rutan awarded TERF Inc. In 1997 Dick Rutan and Mike Melvill flew two Long-EZ aircraft on an around-the-world flight, some legs of this flight extended over 14 hours in the air. Gloucester businessman Bill Alan converted his Long-EZ G-WILY for trans-oceanic flight, fitting luggage pods beneath the wings, e-Racer An extensivley modified redesign using Long-EZ wings with a fuselage modified for side-by-side seating, retractable landing gear, and larger automotive engine conversion powerplants. Twin EZ Ivan Shaw built a Long-EZ and then converted it into a Twin-EZ, Shaw, a Yorkshireman, later designed the Europa XS kitplane. Long ESA A258 hp electric engine conversion, on 19 July 2012, pilot Chip Yates achieved 202.6 mph in level flight, making the aircraft the fastest man carrying electric powered aircraft. Berkez or Berk-EZ Heavily modified Long-EZ with Berkut 360 components, singer-songwriter John Denver died when his Long-EZ crashed on October 12,1997. The NTSB cited Denvers unfamiliarity with the aircraft and his failure to have the aircraft refueled as causal factors in the accident, the aerodynamics of this unusual aircraft did not play a role in Denvers crash. The author James Gleick crash-landed his Long-EZ at Greenwood Lake Airport, in West Milford, Gleick was seriously injured and the passenger, his 8-year-old son Harry, was killed. Data from Janes All The Worlds Aircraft 1982–83 General characteristics Crew,1 Pilot Capacity,1 Passenger Length,16 ft 10 in Wingspan,26 ft 1 in Height,7 ft 10 in Wing area,81
2.
San Carlos, California
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San Carlos is a city in San Mateo County, California on the San Francisco Peninsula, about halfway between San Francisco and San Jose. It is an affluent residential suburb located between Belmont to the north and Redwood City to the south. The population was 28,406 at the 2010 census, San Carlos, The City of Good Living, aims for a small town feel. Its main downtown area is composed mostly of small shops and restaurants, San Carlos was the first city in California to open a charter school, and its schools rank consistently well in statewide lists. San Carlos is home to San Carlos Airport and two museums, located downtown, the San Carlos History Museum is dedicated to the display of the history of the town from early Native American history to the space age. This museum is open every Saturday from 1,00 PM to 4,00 PM, transportation options include membership in the SamTrans bus system and a Caltrain station. The administrative headquarters of both agencies are located at 1250 San Carlos Avenue, however, voters rejected a parcel tax which placed 100% of the financial burden on property owners and the S. C. O. O. T program was dismantled on June 17,2005. City Hall was once located at 666 Elm Street, the address number was later changed to 600 Elm Street due to pressure from residents. San Carlos was also home of the Circle Star Theater where performers such as Richard Marx. It was torn down and replaced by office buildings, San Carlos also once boasted the 2,500 student San Carlos High School which was closed in 1982 due to declining enrollment. Today, students travel to Belmonts Carlmont High School or Redwood Citys Sequoia High School to receive their secondary education. Every May, the hosts the Hometown Days carnival in Burton Park. In October, the Chamber of Commerce hosts the San Carlos Art & Wine Faire, October 2015 marked the 25th year it has been held. Thursday evenings during the summer Laurel street is home to a farmers market known as Hot Harvest Nights. However, most people call it Farmers Market, prior to the Spanish arrival in 1769, the land of San Carlos was occupied by a group of Native Americans who called themselves the Lamchins. While they considered themselves to have a separate identity from other local tribes, the Lamchins referred to the area of their primary residence—probably on the north bank of Pulgas creek—as Cachanihtac, which included their word for vermin. When the Spanish arrived, they translated this as the fleas, or las Pulgas, giving many places, the Native American life was one of traditional hunting and gathering. There was plentiful game and fowl available, and fish could be caught in the San Francisco Bay, there were also grasses, plants and oak trees, and archaeological finds of mortars and pestles indicate that these source were processed for food
3.
Aviation museum
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An aviation museum, air museum, or aerospace museum is a museum exhibiting the history and artifacts of aviation. In addition to actual or replica aircraft, exhibits can include photographs, maps, models, dioramas, clothing, aviation museums vary in size from housing just one or two aircraft to hundreds. They may be owned by national, regional or local governments or be privately owned, some museums address the history and artifacts of space exploration as well, illustrating the close association between aeronautics and astronautics. Aviation museums may display their aircraft only on the ground or fly some of them, museums that do not fly their aircraft may have decided not to do so either because the aircraft are not in condition to fly or because they are considered too rare or valuable. Museums may fly their aircraft in air shows or other related events. Some museums have sets of periodicals, technical manuals, photographs and these are often made available to aviation researchers for use in writing articles or books or to aircraft restoration specialists working on restoring an aircraft
4.
San Carlos Airport (California)
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San Carlos Airport is two miles northeast of San Carlos, California, in San Mateo County, California. The FAAs National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems classifies San Carlos as an airport for San Francisco International Airport. The airport is off U. S. Route 101, the airport is home to Civil Air Patrol West Bay Composite Squadron 192. Next to the airport is the Hiller Air Museum, the San Carlos Flying Field was established during World War I by J. Pauling Edwards on a five-acre field south of Cordilleras Creek. San Carlos first pilots certificate was issued on July 10,1917 to Lieutenant Prince, in 1923, the airfield was taken over by the Cooley family. Charles P. Cooley was the flight instructor in San Carlos at the time. The airport itself was operated by Cooleys father, Frank S. Cooley. On July 12,1940, a fire destroyed the main hangar, the family then vacated the property in 1935, closing the airport and the flight school and moving their operations to a new airfield near todays Twin Dolphin Drive in San Carlos. By March 1950, the airfield had a 200 ft by 2100 ft runway, however, the Cooley family soon regarded the airport as being inadequate due to its proximity to the Phelpes Slough and Steinberger Slough and poor ground conditions for a suitable runway. They opened another airfield at the present location of the San Carlos airport, by March 1952, the Cooley family transferred ownership of the airfield to Mr. Francis Michaud, who renamed it San Carlos-Belmont Airport. Many repair and administrative buildings were added along with plans to expand the runway up to 7000 ft in length, in 1957, the airport was renamed as San Mateo Country Airport, Inc. Ownership was also split between Michaud, the Piombo Construction Company and six other parties, San Carlos Airport covers 110 acres at an elevation of 5 feet. Its one runway, 12/30, is 2,600 by 75 feet asphalt, a plan to lengthen the runway by 400 feet was quelled by neighbors in 1999. Aircraft with gross weight in excess of 12,500 lb are prohibited, San Carlos Airport is home to over 30 aviation related businesses. In 2007 the airport had 155,273 aircraft operations, average 425 per day, 98% general aviation, 2% air taxi,372 aircraft were then based at this airport, 86% single-engine, 11% multi-engine, <1% jet and 3% helicopter. In fact the airport was SQL years before June 16,1977, the Experimental Aircraft Association has a local chapter at San Carlos Airport. EAA Chapter 20 has about 50 members as of 2010, in 1999 a proposal was given to extend the runway into the marsh before runway 30. The proposal caused trouble in Redwood Shores and Foster City, where critics complained about noise, despite promises by San Mateo County officials, opponents felt a longer runway would lead to bigger and noisier planes, in particular, more corporate aircraft
5.
Northern California
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Northern California, often abbreviated NorCal, is the northern portion of the U. S. state of California. The 48-county definition is not used for the Northern California Megaregion, the megaregions area is instead defined from Metropolitan Fresno north to Greater Sacramento, and from the Bay Area east across Nevada state line to encompass the entire Lake Tahoe-Reno area. The arrival of European explorers from the early 16th to the mid-18th centuries, in 1770, the Spanish mission at Monterey was the first European settlement in the area, followed by other missions along the coast—eventually extending as far north as Sonoma County. Northern California is not a geographic designation. Californias north-south midway division is around 37° latitude, near the level of San Francisco, popularly, though, Northern California usually refers to the states northernmost 48 counties. This definition coincides with the county lines at 35° 47′ 28″ north latitude, the term is also applied to the area north of Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains. Because of Californias large size and diverse geography, the state can be subdivided in other ways as well, the state is often considered as having an additional division north of the urban areas of the San Francisco Bay Area and Sacramento metropolitan areas. The coastal area north of the Bay Area is referred to as the North Coast while the region north of Sacramento is referred by locals as the Northstate. Since the events of the California Gold Rush, Northern California has been a leader on the economic, scientific. In science, advances range from being the first to isolate and name fourteen transuranic chemical elements, other examples of innovation across diverse fields range from Genentech to CrossFit as a pioneer in extreme human fitness and training. It is also Home to one of the largest Air Force Bases on the West Coast, Northern Californias largest metropolitan area is the San Francisco Bay Area which includes the cities of San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland, and their many suburbs. In recent years the Bay Area has drawn more commuters from as far as Central Valley cities such as Sacramento, Stockton, Fresno, Turlock and Modesto. The 2010 U. S. Census showed that the Bay Area grew at a faster rate than the Greater Los Angeles Area while Greater Sacramento had the largest growth rate of any area in California. The states larger cities are considered part of Northern California in cases when the state is divided into two parts. The first European to explore the coast was Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, sailing for the Spanish Crown, in 1542, beginning in 1565, the Spanish Manila galleons crossed the Pacific Ocean from Mexico to the Spanish Philippines, with silver and gemstones from Mexico. The Manila galleons returned across the northern Pacific, and reached North America usually off the coast of northern California, in 1579, northern California was visited by the English explorer Sir Francis Drake who landed north of todays San Francisco and claimed the area for England. In 1602, the Spaniard Sebastián Vizcaíno explored Californias coast as far north as Monterey Bay, other Spanish explorers sailed along the coast of northern California for the next 150 years, but no settlements were established. The first European inhabitants were Spanish missionaries, who built missions along the California coast, the mission at Monterey was first established in 1770, and at San Francisco in 1776
6.
Smithsonian Affiliations
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Any 5013 nonprofit or publicly operated educational entity can apply to become a Smithsonian Affiliate. The Smithsonian Affiliations program was established in 1996 by Smithsonian Secretary I. C, in 1993, the “Commission on the Future of the Smithsonian Institution” introduced the first proposal for initiatives promoting strategic, collections-based partnerships at the Institution. To Educate More of the Nation’s People, “Build collaborative partnerships with other museums, research centers, significant emphasis was placed on the benefits that partnerships with outside museums would create for the Institution. In 1996, during his year as Secretary, Heyman observed several challenges facing the Institution. In addition, the Institution began to see increased interest from outside museums for partnerships, Heyman responded to these challenges by creating the Smithsonian Affiliations program to oversee and manage collections-based partnerships with other museums. As stated by the minutes from the Smithsonian Board of Regents meeting housed in the Smithsonian Institution Archives, there is no value in being just the largest if we do not share the Smithsonian with as many people as possible. It means making sure those who travel to Washington can somehow experience and enjoy the Smithsonian. ”Michael Heyman “ challenge is extending the reach of our collections to communities, museums. The Board of Regents in September strengthened the policy to share our collections with others. ”Michael Heyman The program was received by museums across the country. The end of the fiscal year 1997 recognized 21 organizations as Affiliates, as of 2014 there are nearly 200 Affiliates. On October,21,2016, The National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis, Smithsonian Affiliations considers membership proposals from organizations that will advance the Smithsonian Institutions mission and strategic plan. Successful applicants are non-profit or publicly operated organizations whose missions are directed toward advancing research, knowledge, and education in science, history, and the arts. To qualify as an Affiliate, an organization must prove that it is able to care for, protect. Strong applicants are organizations that are fiscally sound and capable of developing, installing, Affiliates are also responsible for maintaining an annual membership fee. To become an Affiliate, organizations must submit an application package to Smithsonian Affiliations, applicants are required to provide documentation that confirms IRS status as a 5013 entity and a narrative detailing how the agreement will be mutually beneficial. Applications must also include a copy of the mission statement, an organizational chart, an annual report. Once approved, Affiliates are required to sign a Smithsonian Affiliations Agreement form and are assigned a National Outreach Manager to oversee loans, all loan agreements are set for defined period of time. Affiliate organizations participate in a number of training, outreach. Smithsonian Affiliations Visiting Professional Program, Professionals of Affiliate organizations receive training from Smithsonian officials while visiting and working in Washington, the Smithsonian Affiliations program supports, develops, and organizes a number of collaborative programs to promote education in science, art, history, and culture
7.
Aircraft
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An aircraft is a machine that is able to fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the lift of an airfoil. The human activity that surrounds aircraft is called aviation, crewed aircraft are flown by an onboard pilot, but unmanned aerial vehicles may be remotely controlled or self-controlled by onboard computers. Aircraft may be classified by different criteria, such as type, aircraft propulsion, usage. Each of the two World Wars led to technical advances. Consequently, the history of aircraft can be divided into five eras, Pioneers of flight, first World War,1914 to 1918. Aviation between the World Wars,1918 to 1939, Second World War,1939 to 1945. Postwar era, also called the jet age,1945 to the present day, aerostats use buoyancy to float in the air in much the same way that ships float on the water. They are characterized by one or more large gasbags or canopies, filled with a relatively low-density gas such as helium, hydrogen, or hot air, which is less dense than the surrounding air. When the weight of this is added to the weight of the aircraft structure, a balloon was originally any aerostat, while the term airship was used for large, powered aircraft designs – usually fixed-wing. In 1919 Frederick Handley Page was reported as referring to ships of the air, in the 1930s, large intercontinental flying boats were also sometimes referred to as ships of the air or flying-ships. – though none had yet been built, the advent of powered balloons, called dirigible balloons, and later of rigid hulls allowing a great increase in size, began to change the way these words were used. Huge powered aerostats, characterized by an outer framework and separate aerodynamic skin surrounding the gas bags, were produced. There were still no fixed-wing aircraft or non-rigid balloons large enough to be called airships, then several accidents, such as the Hindenburg disaster in 1937, led to the demise of these airships. Nowadays a balloon is an aerostat and an airship is a powered one. A powered, steerable aerostat is called a dirigible, sometimes this term is applied only to non-rigid balloons, and sometimes dirigible balloon is regarded as the definition of an airship. Non-rigid dirigibles are characterized by a moderately aerodynamic gasbag with stabilizing fins at the back and these soon became known as blimps. During the Second World War, this shape was adopted for tethered balloons, in windy weather
8.
Coaxial rotors
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Coaxial rotors or coax rotors are a pair of helicopter rotors mounted one above the other on concentric shafts, with the same axis of rotation, but turning in opposite directions. This configuration is a feature of helicopters produced by the Russian Kamov helicopter design bureau, the idea of coaxial rotors originates with Mikhail Lomonosov. He had developed a helicopter model with coaxial rotors in July 1754. In 1859, the British Patent Office awarded the first helicopter patent to Henry Bright for his coaxial design, from this point, coaxial helicopters developed into fully operational machines as we know them today. Two pioneering helicopters, the Corradino DAscanio-built DAT3 of 1930, having two coaxial sets of rotors provides symmetry of forces around the central axis for lifting the vehicle and laterally when flying in any direction. Because of the complexity, many helicopter designs use alternate configurations to avoid problems that arise when only one rotor is used. Common alternatives are single-rotor helicopters or tandem rotor arrangements, one of the problems with any single set of rotor blades is the torque exerted on the helicopter fuselage in the direction opposite to the rotor blades. This torque causes the fuselage to rotate in the direction opposite to the rotor blades, in single rotor helicopters, the antitorque rotor or tail rotor counteracts the main rotor torque and controls the fuselage rotation. Coaxial rotors solve the problem of main rotor torque by turning each set of rotors in opposite directions, the opposite torques from the rotors cancel each other out. Rotational maneuvering, yaw control, is accomplished by increasing the pitch of one rotor. This causes a controlled dissymmetry of torque, dissymmetry of lift is an aerodynamic phenomenon caused by the rotation of a helicopters rotors in forward flight. Rotor blades provide lift proportional to the amount of air flowing over them, when viewed from above, the rotor blades move in the direction of flight for half of the rotation, and then move in the opposite direction for the remainder of the rotation. A rotor blade produces more lift in the advancing half, at the same time, a rotor blade in the retreating half produces less lift. Coaxial rotors avoid the effects of dissymmetry of lift through the use of two rotors turning in opposite directions, causing blades to advance on either side at the same time. Another benefit is increased safety on the ground, the absence of a tail rotor eliminates the source of injuries and fatalities to ground crews. A principal disadvantage of the rotor design is the increased mechanical complexity of the rotor hub. The linkages and swashplates for two rotor systems need to be assembled atop the mast, which is complex because of the need to drive two rotors in opposite directions. Because of the number of moving parts and complexity, the coaxial rotor system is more prone to mechanical faults
9.
Hiller VZ-1 Pawnee
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The Hiller VZ-1 Pawnee was a unique direct-lift rotor aircraft, using contra-rotating ducted fans for lift inside a platform upon which the single pilot shifted body weight for directional control. The platform was developed starting in 1953 under an Office of Naval Research contract to Hiller Aircraft, the original concept had been developed by Charles H. Zimmerman in the late 1940s. Further development followed, both by Hiller Aircraft and the De Lackner Company, there were two main models, the ONR model 1031-A-1, and the somewhat larger VZ-1 Pawnee model produced in 1956 for the U. S. Army. Three of each model were built as prototypes, neither of the variants was put into production. The smaller ONR model used two 44 horsepower Nelson H-59 piston engines, coupled to the propellers by a modified helicopter transmission built by the Industrial Power Division of Hall-Scott, the larger Pawnee model used three of the aforementioned engine and had an extended duct area. The Pawnee had ineffective kinesthetic control and instead had the operator seated on a platform controlling the flight with conventional helicopter controls. Due to aerodynamic effects in the duct within which the propellers rotated, the platform was dynamically stable, even though the pilot and center of gravity of the platform were fairly high up. In testing, the prototypes flew well, but the U. S. Army judged them to be impractical as combat vehicles as they were small, limited in speed, two of the six prototypes are known to survive, both are ONR 1031-A-1 models. One is located at the Hiller Aviation Museum in San Carlos, California, the latter platform was formerly on loan to the Pima Air & Space Museum. A replica of the 1031 platform is on display at the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum.8 ft Armament Standard combat weapons of a U. S
