The Hino da Independência is a Brazilian official patriotic song commemorating the country's declaration of independence from Portugal. The anthem was composed in 1822 by Emperor Pedro I, the lead figure in the country's struggle for independence, and the lyrics were written by poet Evaristo da Veiga.
Emperor Pedro I composing the anthem, in 1822. Painting Primeiros Sons do Hino da Independência by Augusto Bracet.
"Independence or Death!" from Pedro Américo, 1888
Dom Pedro I was the founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil, where he was known as "the Liberator". As King Dom Pedro IV, he reigned briefly over Portugal, where he also became known as "the Liberator" as well as "the Soldier King". Born in Lisbon, Pedro I was the fourth child of King Dom John VI of Portugal and Queen Carlota Joaquina, and thus a member of the House of Braganza. When the country was invaded by French troops in 1807, he and his family fled to Portugal's largest and wealthiest colony, Brazil.
Portrait attributed to Simplício de Sá, c. 1830
Pedro around age 2, c.1800, by Agustín Esteve
Portrait by Jean-Baptiste Debret of Pedro around age 18, c.1816
Pedro, in his father's name, makes an oath of obedience to the Portuguese Constitution on 26 February 1821. He can be seen at the middle of the balcony raising his hat. Painting by Félix Taunay, Baron of Taunay.
