History of Spain (1808–1874)
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Spain in the 19th century was a country in turmoil. Under Napoleonic Spain from 1808 to 1814, the massively destructive "Peninsular War" ensued. Following the Spanish Constitution of 1812, Spain was d
The first Spanish Constitution was established by the Cortes of Cádiz
King Ferdinand VII (r. 1808, 1814–1833)
The cortes of the Trienio Liberal (1820–1823), a period of liberal rule in Spain
The execution of Torrijos, by Antonio Gisbert Pérez. Ferdinand VII, after his restoration as absolute monarch in 1823, took repressive measures against the liberal forces in his country.
History of Spain (1700–1808)
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The Kingdom of Spain entered a new era with the death of Charles II, the last Spanish Habsburg monarch, who died childless in 1700. This resulted in the War of the Spanish Succession, which was a Euro
Philip V of Spain
Elisabeth Farnese, queen of Spain and second wife of Philip V of Spain
The Spanish ship of the line Nuestra Señora de la Santísima Trinidad. Philip V and Charles III made the navy a high priority
King Ferdinand VI of Spain (r. 1746–1759)