1.
Sunset Boulevard
–
From Downtown Los Angeles, it heads northwest, to Hollywood, through which it travels due west for several miles before it bends southwest towards the ocean. It passes through or near Echo Park, Silver Lake, Los Feliz, Hollywood, West Hollywood, Beverly Hills, in Bel-Air, Sunset Boulevard runs along the northern boundary of UCLAs Westwood campus. The boulevard continues through Brentwood to Pacific Palisades where it terminates at the Pacific Coast Highway intersection, the boulevard has curvaceous winding stretches, and can be treacherous for unaware drivers in some sections. It is at least four lanes wide along its entire route, Sunset is frequently congested with traffic loads beyond its design capacity. Sunset Boulevard historically extended farther east than it now does, starting at Alameda Street near Union Station and beside Olvera Street in the historic section of Downtown. In 1877, one of the real estate owners from back East Horace H. Wilcox, decided to subdivide his more than 20 acres of land along Sunset Boulevard, including what is today Hollywood. In 1890, Belgian diplomat Victor Ponet bought 240 acres of the former Rancho La Brea land grant and his son-in-law, Francis S. Montgomery, inherited this property and created Sunset Plaza. According to a 1901 article in the Los Angeles Herald, Sunset only extended from Hollywood in the west to Marion Avenue in the Echo Park district in the east. In late 1912 several properties along the route were condemned so that the boulevard could be changed in both its width and its alignment, with these changes completed, Sunset Boulevard now reached North Main Street and continued as Marchessault along the northern end of the Plaza. This section, variously marked and signed as Marchessault Street or East Sunset Boulevard, at that time Sunset was realigned one block north and Marchessault was closed to motor traffic. In 1921, an expansion of Sunset began, extending the road from the then-current terminus at Sullivan Canyon through Santa Monica to the coast. This land, a portion of the original 1838 holdings of Fransisco Marquez, stretched across a mesa, will Rogers, who had bought much of this land as an investment, later donated it to the State of California creating Will Rogers State Historic Park. Circa 1931, Sunset was a road from Horn Avenue to Havenhurst Avenue. The Sunset Strip portion of Sunset Boulevard in West Hollywood has been famous for its active nightlife at least since the 1950s, in the 1970s, the area between Gardner Street and Western Avenue was a center for street prostitution. Shortly after a well publicized June 1995 incident, police raids drove out the majority of prostitutes on the Boulevard, the portion of Sunset Boulevard that passes through Beverly Hills was once named Beverly Boulevard. The boulevard is commemorated in Billy Wilders 1950 film Sunset Boulevard, the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical of the name. Jan and Deans 1960s hit song Dead Mans Curve refers to a section of the road near Bel Air estates just north of UCLAs Drake Stadium where Jan Berry almost died in an accident in 1966. The Buffalo Springfield song For What Its Worth was written about a riot at Pandoras Box, Metro Local lines 2,175 and 302 operate on Sunset Boulevard
Sunset Boulevard
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Sunset Boulevard
Sunset Boulevard
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Signs along the Sunset Strip
Sunset Boulevard
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Sunset Blvd. at the West Gate of Bel Air
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
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Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
3.
Red Line (Los Angeles Metro)
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The Red Line is a heavy rail subway line running between Downtown Los Angeles and North Hollywood via the districts of Hollywood and Mid-Wilshire. In North Hollywood it connects with the Orange Line service for stations to the Warner Center in Woodland Hills and it is operated by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. The Red Line, which is one of six forming the Metro Rail rapid transit system. Together with the Purple Line, these two rail lines combine to form L. A. Metro Rails busiest line. As of October 2013, the combined Red and Purple lines averaged 169,478 boardings per weekday, the Red Line begins at Union Station and travels southwest through Downtown Los Angeles, passing the Civic Center, Pershing Square and the Financial District. At 7th St/Metro Center, travelers can connect to the Metro Blue Line, from here, the train travels between 7th Street and Wilshire Boulevard west through Pico-Union and Westlake, arriving at Wilshire/Vermont in the citys Mid-Wilshire/Koreatown district. Up to this point, the track is shared with the Metro Purple Line, at Wilshire/Vermont, from here, the Red Line travels north along Vermont, and then west along Hollywood Boulevard, traveling through Koreatown and Hollywood. Finally, the line turns northwest and crosses into the San Fernando Valley and this route matches a branch of the old Red Car system, dismantled during The Great American Streetcar Scandal. Trains run between approximately 4,30 a. m. and 1,00 a. m. the following morning, on Friday and Saturday evenings, trains are extended until 2,00 a. m. of the following morning. First and last train times are as follows, To/From North Hollywood Eastbound First Train to Union Station,4,31 a. m, last Train to Union Station,12,54 a. m. Westbound First Train to North Hollywood,4,30 a. m, last Train to North Hollywood,12,17 a. m. Trains on the Red Line operate every ten minutes during peak hours Monday through Friday and they operate every twelve minutes during the daytime weekdays and all day on the weekends after approximately 10 a. m. Night service can range between 10–20 minutes, the Red Line project consisted of the current Red Line and Purple Line corridors, plus other corridors that were never built. To Fairfax Avenue, then north along Fairfax to the San Fernando Valley. This zone stretched on either side of Wilshire Boulevard from Hancock Park to west of Fairfax, congress passed the ban in 1986. Subsequently, any plans for a subway west of Western Avenue diverted the line south around the zone, using Crenshaw, Pico, and San Vicente Boulevards. The passage of the legislation forced the then SCRTD to terminate the route at Western Avenue, and no longer qualify for the current round of Federal funding for the remaining miles of the rail line. Bound tunnel and turn north on Vermont, west on Sunset, then north to the San Fernando Valley, the line would then turn north along Highland Avenue to Universal City and North Hollywood
Red Line (Los Angeles Metro)
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Red Line train awaiting departure at
Union Station.
Red Line (Los Angeles Metro)
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Hollywood/Highland Station is located in the heart of Hollywood's tourist attractions
Red Line (Los Angeles Metro)
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North Hollywood is the northern terminus of the Red Line in the San Fernando Valley
Red Line (Los Angeles Metro)
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Train at North Hollywood Metro Red Line Station.
4.
Hollywood/Vine (Los Angeles Metro station)
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Hollywood/Vine is a subway station on the Red Line of the Los Angeles County Metro Rail system in Hollywood, Los Angeles. As the name implies, Hollywood/Vine station lies below the intersection of Hollywood Boulevard, the central station of the three subway stops in Hollywood, it is within walking distance of many important landmarks including the Capitol Records Building. The Hollywood Walk of Fame is also upstairs, while the Pantages Theatre is across the street, other attractions include CBS Columbia Square, the Frolic Room, Gower Gulch, the Sunset and Vine apartment complex, and the Hollywood Palladium. In accordance with Metros initiatives to spur transit-oriented development around its stations, the W Hotel opened a 300-room location in a 2. 3-acre mixed-use site with condominiums and 30,000 sq ft of street retail space. In addition, the 1600 Vine complex to the south contains 375 apartments and 28,000 sq ft of street-level retail, Hollywood/Vine opened on June 12,1999, as the western terminus of the northern branch of the Red Line. Upon the opening of the extension to North Hollywood in 2000. Like most stations on the Metro, Hollywood/Vine uses a platform setup with two tracks. There is an entrance to the east of the intersection at Argyle Avenue, each Red Line station was assigned a professional artist to design the aesthetic appeal and personality of the station. Local Los Angeles Chicano artist Gilbert Luján was selected to design this station, light was one of the central themes of the station because of its pervasiveness in Hollywood, from stars to light that passes through projectors to show films to the sun in sunny southern California. Cultural motifs in the form of So Cal cultural icons are also prevalent throughout the myriad of ceramic tiles lining the walls of the corridors as passengers descend into the railway tunnel, benches for waiting passengers were fashioned as classic car lowriders on pedestals. The station has, perhaps, the most detail and decorations of any station in the entire Metro system and this station is among the most pleasant and fun stations and tourists may find this station the most enjoyable. Other features include two movie projectors donated by Paramount Pictures pointed towards a representation of a movie screen flanked by large curtains, the ceiling of the station is covered with empty film reels. Pillars that provide support for the station are designed to look like palm trees, passengers making their way to the street follow the Yellow Brick Road while passing many colored tiles that depict icons or represent southern California lifestyle
Hollywood/Vine (Los Angeles Metro station)
–
Platform View
Hollywood/Vine (Los Angeles Metro station)
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The view of the upper floor from the lower floor (platform).
5.
Live Nation (events promoter)
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Live Nation is an American live-events company based in Beverly Hills, California, focused on worldwide concert and entertainment-show promotions. Live Nation formed in 2005 as a spin-off from Clear Channel Communications, Live Nation signs artists as a record label, but predominantly takes the role of a promoter, rather than music owner. The deal with U2 and Madonna, for example, does not include funding of the artists future recordings, the 2007 deal signed with Jay-Z does, but he still retains full-ownership of his recordings and Live Nation funded Roc Nation. Live Nation signed Colombian singer Shakira, Canadian band Nickelback and Mexican singer Luis Miguel, a prior incarnation of Live Nation, known as SFX Entertainment, was formed in the 1990s by media executive Robert F. X. Sillerman. Its business model involved the acquisition of concert promoters, consolidating them into a single national company. Sillerman sold SFX to Clear Channel Communications in 2000 for $4.4 billion, annually, Live Nation promotes or produces over 22,000 events, including music concerts, with total attendance exceeding 50 million—more than the NBA, NFL, and NHL combined. As of September 30,2005, Live Nation owned or operated 117 venues and these venues include 39 amphitheatres,58 theatres,14 clubs,4 arenas and 2 festival sites. In addition, through equity, booking or similar arrangements Live Nation has the right to book events at 33 additional venues. H and she will be the founding recording artist for the new music division Live Nation Artists, formerly Artist Nation. In July 2008, Shakira signed an estimated $70–100 million contract with Live Nation, in January,2008, Live Nation sold its North American theatrical business to Key Brand Entertainment for $90.4 million. Key Brand Entertainment is an investment company owned by British theater producer John Gore. In April 2008, a deal between Jay-Z and Live Nation for $152 million was confirmed, the deal covers financing of Jay-Zs own entertainment venture, live shows, tours and future recordings for the next 10 years. Blueprint 3 was distributed by Atlantic Records, while his label, Live Nation did not take any ownership stake in Insomniac. In 2006 Live Nation acquired House of Blues, Live Nation is currently constructing a physical recording label, Live Nation Artists, which will be a division of Live Nation International Music. The company is expected to become a rival against Sony Music, Universal Music Group and Warner Music Group with artists such as Madonna, U2, Shakira, Jay-Z. As of July 30,2008, CEO Michael Rapino is considering doing licensing deals on an artist-by-artist basis, a source inside Live Nation said. Under that scenario, Warner Music Group could end up handling the marketing, promotion and distribution of albums by the acts that defected from it to join Live Nation, Nickelback. Rapino wants to outsource everything, said a source close to the situation. He doesnt want to build an infrastructure or carry any overhead, on 31 March 2008, it was confirmed that Live Nation signed a 12-year deal with U2 worth an estimated $100 million
Live Nation (events promoter)
–
Live Nation
6.
List of concert halls
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A concert hall is a cultural building with a stage which serves as a performance venue and an auditorium filled with seats. In the 2010s, popular music such as music and traditional music such as folk music are also performed in these venues. Many concert halls exist as one of several halls or performance spaces within a performing arts center. In many towns, the hall is combined with a convention center. Concert halls typically also contain orchestral rehearsal rooms, many larger cities have both public and private concert halls. This list does not include other venues such as sports stadia, the list is organised alphabetically by geo-political region or continent and then by country within each region. See also Broadway Theatre for a listing of the theatres that support Broadway shows
List of concert halls
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The interior of the
Teatro Dal Verme in
Milan,
Italy, c. 1875
List of concert halls
–
A modern orchestra concert hall: Philharmony in
Szczecin,
Poland
List of concert halls
–
Ríos Reyna Hall, in the
Teresa Carreño Cultural Complex of
Caracas,
Venezuela
List of concert halls
–
Carnegie Hall,
New York
7.
Big Band
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A big band is a type of musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late 1940s. Big Bands evolved with the times and continue to this day, a big band typically consists of approximately 12 to 25 musicians and contains saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. The terms jazz band, jazz ensemble, stage band, jazz orchestra and this does not, however, mean that each one of these names is technically correct for naming a big band specifically. The music is traditionally called charts, improvised solos may be played only when called for by the arranger. There are two periods in the history of popular bands. Beginning in the mid-1920s, big bands, then consisting of 10–25 pieces. At that time they played a form of jazz that involved very little improvisation, which included a string section with violins. A few bands also had violas and cellos, usually one or two along with them, the dance form of jazz was characterized by a sweet and romantic melody. Orchestras tended to stick to the melody as it was written and vocals would be sung, many of these artists changed styles or retired after the introduction of swing music. Although unashamedly commercial, these bands often featured front-rank jazz musicians - for example Paul Whiteman employed Bix Beiderbecke, there were also all-girl bands such as Helen Lewis and Her All-Girl Jazz Syncopators. Towards the end of the 1920s, a new form of Big Band emerged which was more authentically jazz and this form of music never gained the popularity of the sweet dance form of jazz. The few recordings made in form of jazz were labelled race records and were intended for a limited urban audience. Few white musicians were familiar with music, Johnny Mercer. The three major centres in this development were New York City, Chicago and Kansas City, some big ensembles, like the Joe King Oliver outfit played a kind of half arranged, half improvised jazz, often relying on head arrangements. Other great bands, like the one of Luis Russell became a vehicle for star instrumentalists, there the whole arrangement had to promote all the possibilities of the star, although they often contained very good musicians, like Henry Red Allen, J. C. Earl Hines became the star of Chicago with his Grand Terrace Cafe band, meanwhile, in Kansas City and across the Southwest, an earthier, bluesier style was developed by such bandleaders as Benny Moten and, later, by Jay McShann and Jesse Stone. Radio was a factor in gaining notice and fame for Benny Goodman. Soon, others challenged him, and the battles of the bands became a staple at theater performances featuring many groups on one bill
Big Band
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Paul Whiteman and his orchestra in 1921
Big Band
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Benny Goodman and
Peggy Lee
Big Band
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Glenn Miller
Big Band
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Ockbrook Big Band at
Pride Park Stadium
8.
Rock and Roll
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While elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until the 1950s. For the purpose of differentiation, this deals with the first definition. The beat is essentially a blues rhythm with an accentuated backbeat, classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars, a double bass or string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. Beyond simply a style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and on television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes. In addition, rock and roll may have contributed to the civil rights movement because both African-American and white American teens enjoyed the music and it went on to spawn various genres, often without the initially characteristic backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply rock music or rock. The term rock and roll now has at least two different meanings, both in common usage, the American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both define rock and roll as synonymous with rock music. Encyclopædia Britannica, on the hand, regards it as the music that originated in the mid-1950s. In 1934, the song Rock and Roll by the Boswell Sisters appeared in the film Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round, in 1942, Billboard magazine columnist Maurie Orodenker started to use the term rock-and-roll to describe upbeat recordings such as Rock Me by Sister Rosetta Tharpe. By 1943, the Rock and Roll Inn in South Merchantville, in 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing this music style while popularizing the phrase to describe it. The origins of rock and roll have been debated by commentators. The migration of former slaves and their descendants to major urban centers such as St. The immediate roots of rock and roll lay in the rhythm and blues, then called race music, particularly significant influences were jazz, blues, gospel, country, and folk. The 1940s saw the use of blaring horns, shouted lyrics. In the same period, particularly on the West Coast and in the Midwest, similarly, country boogie and Chicago electric blues supplied many of the elements that would be seen as characteristic of rock and roll. Rock and roll arrived at a time of technological change, soon after the development of the electric guitar, amplifier and microphone. It was the realization that relatively affluent white teenagers were listening to music that led to the development of what was to be defined as rock. Because the development of rock and roll was a process, no single record can be identified as unambiguously the first rock. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
Rock and Roll
–
Sign commemorating the role of
Alan Freed and
Cleveland, Ohio in the origins of rock and roll
Rock and Roll
–
Chuck Berry in 1957
Rock and Roll
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Bill Haley and his Comets performing in the 1954 Universal International film Round Up of Rhythm
Rock and Roll
–
Elvis Presley in a promotion shot for
Jailhouse Rock in 1957
9.
Pop Music
–
Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
Pop Music
–
The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that the term "pop" refers to music performed by such artists as
the Rolling Stones (pictured here in a 2006 performance)
Pop Music
–
According to several sources,
MTV helped give rise to
pop stars such as
Michael Jackson and
Madonna; and Jackson and Madonna helped make MTV.
Pop Music
10.
Seating capacity
–
Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The International Fire Code, portions of which have adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction. It specifies, For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms and it also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating. Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the size of the venue. For sports venues, the decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors, chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area. Seating capacity of venues also plays a role in what media they are able to provide, in contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed. Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be used, the seating capacity must also be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums generally advertise their seating capacity, seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas. The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as covers, a restaurant that can seat 99 is said to have 99 covers, seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Use of the term public capacity indicates that a venue is allowed to more people than it can actually seat. Again, the total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law
Seating capacity
–
The
Indianapolis Motor Speedway has the largest seating capacity of any venue in the world.
Seating capacity
–
An aerial view of the
Melbourne Cricket Ground during the 1992
Cricket World Cup final packed with 90,000 people.
11.
Opie Cates
–
Opie Cates was an American clarinet player and band leader in the 1930s and 1940s, during the swing era, who became a radio actor. Cates was born Opal Taft Cates, the son of a farmer in Arkansas, by 1931 he was on the radio with his own band. He served for a time in the 1940s as musical director on radios Judy Canova Show and he then became the star of his own radio sitcom, The Opie Cates Show, on ABC in 1947–1948, where he played a naive rube getting adjusted to big city life. Barbara Fuller played his love interest, with Francis X. Bushman as her father, Cates would begin each show by saying, The doggonedest thing happened to me th other day, and proceed to introduce the episodes plot. The show found no sponsor and lasted thirteen weeks. Andy Griffith named his characters son Opie Taylor on The Andy Griffith Show after Opie Cates, whom Griffith and producer Sheldon Leonard both liked
Opie Cates
–
Opie Cates was on the bill at the
Hollywood Palladium in 1947.
12.
Theater (building)
–
A theater, theatre or playhouse, is a structure where theatrical works or plays are performed, or other performances such as musical concerts may be produced. While a theater is not required for performance, a theater serves to define the performance and audience spaces, the facility is traditionally organized to provide support areas for performers, the technical crew and the audience members. There are as many types of theaters as there are types of performance, theaters may be built specifically for a certain types of productions, they may serve for more general performance needs or they may be adapted or converted for use as a theater. They may range from open-air amphitheaters to ornate, cathedral-like structures to simple, some theaters may have a fixed acting area, while some theaters, such as black box theaters, may not, allowing the director and designers to construct an acting area suitable for the production. The most important of these areas is the acting space generally known as the stage, in some theaters, specifically proscenium theaters, arena theaters and amphitheaters, this area is permanent part of the structure. In a blackbox theater the area is undefined so that each theater may adapt specifically to a production. In addition to these spaces, there may be offstage spaces as well. These include wings on either side of a stage where props, sets. A Prompters box may be found backstage, in an amphitheater, an area behind the stage may be designated for such uses while a blackbox theater may have spaces outside of the actual theater designated for such uses. Often a theater will incorporate other spaces intended for the performers, a booth facing the stage may be incorporated into the house where lighting and sound personnel may view the show and run their respective instruments. Other rooms in the building may be used for dressing rooms, rehearsal rooms, spaces for constructing sets, props and costumes, as well as storage. There are usually two main entrances, one at the front, used by the audience, that leads into the back of the audience, the second is called the stage door, and it is accessible from backstage. This is the means by which the cast and crew enter and exit the theater and this term can also be used to refer to going to a lot of shows or living in a big theater city, such as New York or Chicago. All theaters provide a space for an audience, the audience is usually separated from the performers by the proscenium arch. In proscenium theaters and amphitheaters, the arch, like the stage, is a permanent feature of the structure. This area is known as the auditorium or the house, the word parterre is sometimes used to refer to a particular subset of this area. In North American usage this is usually the rear seating block beneath the gallery whereas in Britain it can mean either the area in front near the orchestra pit, the term can also refer to the side stalls in some usages. Derived from the gardening term parterre, the usage refers to the pattern of both the seats of an auditorium and of the planted beds seen in garden construction
Theater (building)
–
The interior of the
Palais Garnier, showing the stage and auditorium.
Theater (building)
–
Backstage area of the
Vienna State Opera
Theater (building)
–
Close-up of the seats in the
Opera and Ballet Theatre in
Minsk
Theater (building)
–
The ancient theater at
Delphi, Greece
13.
Hollywood, California
–
Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
Hollywood, California
–
The Four Ladies installation at the
Hollywood Boulevard –
La Brea Avenue Gateway
Hollywood, California
–
Glen-Holly Hotel, first hotel in Hollywood, at the corner of what is now Yucca Street. It was built in the 1890s.
Hollywood, California
–
Hollywood Hotel, 1905
Hollywood, California
–
The intersection of
Hollywood and Highland, 1907
14.
Streamline Moderne
–
Streamline Moderne, or Art Moderne, is a late type of the Art Deco architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s. Its architectural style emphasized curving forms, long lines. The first streamline buildings evolved from the work of New Objectivity artists, a movement connected to the German Werkbund, as the Great Depression of the 1930s progressed, Americans saw a new aspect of Art Deco—i. e. Cylindrical forms and long horizontal windowing also may be influenced by constructivism, as a result, an array of designers quickly ultra-modernized and streamlined the designs of everyday objects. Manufacturers of clocks, radios, telephones, cars, furniture, the style was the first to incorporate electric light into architectural structure. In the first-class dining room of the SS Normandie, fitted out 1933–35, twelve pillars of Lalique glass. The Streamline Moderne was both a reaction to Art Deco and a reflection of austere economic times, Sharp angles were replaced with simple, exotic woods and stone were replaced with cement and glass. Art Deco and Streamline Moderne were not necessarily opposites, the Sterling Streamliner Diners were diners designed like streamlined trains. Although Streamline Moderne houses are less common than streamline commercial buildings, the Lydecker House in Los Angeles, built by Howard Lydecker, is an example of Streamline Moderne design in residential architecture. In tract development, elements of the style were used as a variation in postwar row housing in San Franciscos Sunset District. The style was applied to such as electric clocks, sewing machines, small radio receivers. Their manufacturing processes exploited developments in science including aluminium and bakelite. Compared to Europe, the United States in the 1930s had a focus on design as a means to increase sales of consumer products. Streamlining was associated with prosperity and an exciting future and this hope resonated with the American middle class, the major market for consumer products. A wide range of goods from refrigerators to pencil sharpeners was produced in streamlined designs, streamlining became a widespread design practice for automobiles, railroad cars, buses, and other vehicles in the 1930s. Streamline style can be contrasted with functionalism, which was a design style in Europe at the same time. One reason for the designs in functionalism was to lower the production costs of the items. Streamlining and functionalism represent two different schools in modernistic industrial design, but both reflecting the intended consumer
Streamline Moderne
–
The Normandie Hotel, in San Juan, Puerto Rico, was inspired by the ocean liner
SS Normandie and displays the ship's original sign
Streamline Moderne
–
Greyhound bus terminal, Cleveland, Ohio
Streamline Moderne
–
Daily Express Building, Manchester, UK, 1939
Streamline Moderne
–
Gdynia Maritime University, Poland, 1937
15.
Art Deco
–
Art Deco, sometimes simply referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. It took its name, short for Arts Decorators, from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes held in Paris in 1925 and it combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials. During its heyday, Art Deco represented luxury, glamour, exuberance, Art Deco was a pastiche of many different styles, sometimes contradictory, united by a desire to be modern. It featured rare and expensive materials such as ebony and ivory, the Chrysler Building and other skyscrapers of New York were the most visible monuments of the new style. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, the became more subdued. New materials arrived, including chrome plating, stainless steel and plastic, a more sleek form of the style, called Streamline Moderne, appeared in the 1930s, it featured curving forms and smooth, polished surfaces. Art Deco became one of the first truly international architectural styles, with examples found in European cities, the style came to an end with the beginning of World War II. Deco was replaced as the dominant global style by the functional and unadorned styles of modernism. The term arts décoratifs was first used in France in 1858, in 1868, Le Figaro newspaper used the term art décoratifs with respect to objects for stage scenery created for the Théâtre de lOpéra. In 1875, furniture designers, textile, jewelry and glass designers and it took its present name of ENSAD in 1927. The term Art déco was then used in a 1966 newspaper article by Hillary Gelson in the Times, describing the different styles at the exhibit. Art Deco gained currency as a broadly applied stylistic label in 1968 when historian Bevis Hillier published the first major book on the style. Hillier noted that the term was already being used by art dealers and cites The Times, in 1971, Hillier organized an exhibition at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, which he details in his book about it, The World of Art Deco. The emergence of Art Deco was closely connected with the rise in status of decorative artists, the term arts décoratifs had been invented in 1875, giving the designers of furniture, textiles, and other decoration official status. The Société des artistes décorateurs, or SAD, was founded in 1901, a similar movement developed in Italy. The first international exhibition devoted entirely to the arts, the Esposizione international dArte decorative moderna, was held in Turin in 1902. Several new magazines devoted to decorative arts were founded in Paris, including Arts et décoration, Decorative arts sections were introduced into the annual salons of the Sociéte des artistes français, and later in the Salon dautomne. French nationalism also played a part in the resurgence of decorative arts, in 1911 the SAD proposed the holding of a major new international exposition of decorative arts in 1912
Art Deco
–
Terracotta sunburst design above front doors of the
Eastern Columbia Building in
Los Angeles; built 1930
Art Deco
–
Tamara de Lempicka, "The Musician", 1929 (
oil on canvas)
Art Deco
–
Joseph Csaky, Deux figures, 1920, relief, limestone, polychrome, 80 cm. Exhibited
Léonce Rosenberg, Galerie de L'Effort Moderne (1920), now at
Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, Netherlands
Art Deco
–
Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, by
Auguste Perret, 15 Avenue Montaigne, Paris (1910-1913)
16.
National Register of Historic Places
–
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate
National Register of Historic Places
–
Logo used for the NRHP.
National Register of Historic Places
–
Old Slater Mill, a historic district in
Pawtucket, Rhode Island, was the first property listed in the National Register on November 13, 1966.
National Register of Historic Places
–
The
Loren Andrus Octagon House in
Washington, Michigan has been on the NRHP since September 3, 1971.
National Register of Historic Places
–
Built in 1800 by
Samuel McIntire in
Salem, the
Stephen Phillips House is operated as a
historic house museum by
Historic New England and open for public tours.
17.
Los Angeles Times
–
The Los Angeles Times, commonly referred to as the Times or LA Times, is a paid daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. It was the largest metropolitan newspaper in circulation in the United States in 2008, the Times is owned by tronc. The Times was first published on December 4,1881, as the Los Angeles Daily Times under the direction of Nathan Cole Jr. and it was first printed at the Mirror printing plant, owned by Jesse Yarnell and T. J. Unable to pay the bill, Cole and Gardiner turned the paper over to the Mirror Company. Mathes had joined the firm, and it was at his insistence that the Times continued publication, in July 1882, Harrison Gray Otis moved from Santa Barbara to become the papers editor. Otis made the Times a financial success, in an era where newspapers were driven by party politics, the Times was directed at Republican readers. As was typical of newspapers of the time, the Times would sit on stories for several days, historian Kevin Starr wrote that Otis was a businessman capable of manipulating the entire apparatus of politics and public opinion for his own enrichment. Otiss editorial policy was based on civic boosterism, extolling the virtues of Los Angeles, the efforts of the Times to fight local unions led to the October 1,1910 bombing of its headquarters, killing twenty-one people. Two union leaders, James and Joseph McNamara, were charged, the American Federation of Labor hired noted trial attorney Clarence Darrow to represent the brothers, who eventually pleaded guilty. Upon Otiss death in 1917, his son-in-law, Harry Chandler, Harry Chandler was succeeded in 1944 by his son, Norman Chandler, who ran the paper during the rapid growth of post-war Los Angeles. Family members are buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery near Paramount Studios, the site also includes a memorial to the Times Building bombing victims. The fourth generation of family publishers, Otis Chandler, held that position from 1960 to 1980, Otis Chandler sought legitimacy and recognition for his familys paper, often forgotten in the power centers of the Northeastern United States due to its geographic and cultural distance. He sought to remake the paper in the model of the nations most respected newspapers, notably The New York Times, believing that the newsroom was the heartbeat of the business, Otis Chandler increased the size and pay of the reporting staff and expanded its national and international reporting. In 1962, the paper joined with the Washington Post to form the Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service to syndicate articles from both papers for news organizations. During the 1960s, the paper won four Pulitzer Prizes, more than its previous nine decades combined, eventually the coupon-clipping branches realized that they could make more money investing in something other than newspapers. Under their pressure the companies went public, or split apart, thats the pattern followed over more than a century by the Los Angeles Times under the Chandler family. The papers early history and subsequent transformation was chronicled in an unauthorized history Thinking Big and it has also been the whole or partial subject of nearly thirty dissertations in communications or social science in the past four decades. In 2000, the Tribune Company acquired the Times, placing the paper in co-ownership with then-WB -affiliated KTLA, which Tribune acquired in 1985
Los Angeles Times
–
Front page from October 21, 2008
Los Angeles Times
–
Chandler and Otis 1917
Los Angeles Times
–
Rubble of the L.A. Times building after the
1910 bombing
Los Angeles Times
–
Times
Newspaper vending machine featuring news of the
1984 Summer Olympics
18.
Art deco
–
Art Deco, sometimes simply referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. It took its name, short for Arts Decorators, from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes held in Paris in 1925 and it combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials. During its heyday, Art Deco represented luxury, glamour, exuberance, Art Deco was a pastiche of many different styles, sometimes contradictory, united by a desire to be modern. It featured rare and expensive materials such as ebony and ivory, the Chrysler Building and other skyscrapers of New York were the most visible monuments of the new style. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, the became more subdued. New materials arrived, including chrome plating, stainless steel and plastic, a more sleek form of the style, called Streamline Moderne, appeared in the 1930s, it featured curving forms and smooth, polished surfaces. Art Deco became one of the first truly international architectural styles, with examples found in European cities, the style came to an end with the beginning of World War II. Deco was replaced as the dominant global style by the functional and unadorned styles of modernism. The term arts décoratifs was first used in France in 1858, in 1868, Le Figaro newspaper used the term art décoratifs with respect to objects for stage scenery created for the Théâtre de lOpéra. In 1875, furniture designers, textile, jewelry and glass designers and it took its present name of ENSAD in 1927. The term Art déco was then used in a 1966 newspaper article by Hillary Gelson in the Times, describing the different styles at the exhibit. Art Deco gained currency as a broadly applied stylistic label in 1968 when historian Bevis Hillier published the first major book on the style. Hillier noted that the term was already being used by art dealers and cites The Times, in 1971, Hillier organized an exhibition at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, which he details in his book about it, The World of Art Deco. The emergence of Art Deco was closely connected with the rise in status of decorative artists, the term arts décoratifs had been invented in 1875, giving the designers of furniture, textiles, and other decoration official status. The Société des artistes décorateurs, or SAD, was founded in 1901, a similar movement developed in Italy. The first international exhibition devoted entirely to the arts, the Esposizione international dArte decorative moderna, was held in Turin in 1902. Several new magazines devoted to decorative arts were founded in Paris, including Arts et décoration, Decorative arts sections were introduced into the annual salons of the Sociéte des artistes français, and later in the Salon dautomne. French nationalism also played a part in the resurgence of decorative arts, in 1911 the SAD proposed the holding of a major new international exposition of decorative arts in 1912
Art deco
–
Terracotta sunburst design above front doors of the
Eastern Columbia Building in
Los Angeles; built 1930
Art deco
–
Tamara de Lempicka, "The Musician", 1929 (
oil on canvas)
Art deco
–
Joseph Csaky, Deux figures, 1920, relief, limestone, polychrome, 80 cm. Exhibited
Léonce Rosenberg, Galerie de L'Effort Moderne (1920), now at
Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, Netherlands
Art deco
–
Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, by
Auguste Perret, 15 Avenue Montaigne, Paris (1910-1913)
19.
Paramount Pictures
–
Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
Paramount Pictures
–
Logo used as of 2012
Paramount Pictures
–
Paramount Pictures logo, based on a design by founder
William Wadsworth Hodkinson, from 1917 to 1967.
Paramount Pictures
–
Lasky's original studio, a.k.a.: "The Barn"; as it appeared in the mid-1920s. The Taft building, built in 1923, is visible in the background.
Paramount Pictures
–
The original Paramount logo seen on its 1930s films and
Popeye shorts.
20.
Gordon Kaufmann
–
Gordon Bernie Kaufmann was an English-born American architect mostly known for his work on the Hoover Dam. Gordon Kaufmann was born in 1888 in Forest Hill, London, England and graduated from London Polytechnic Institute, Kaufmann then moved to Vancouver, BC, where he spen the next six years. He arrived in California in 1914 and settled in Fresno, CA, during his early career, he did much work in the Mediterranean Revival Style, which had become popular at that time. He was also the architect for Scripps College, a liberal arts womens college in Claremont. It is a member of the Claremont Colleges, Kaufmann, along with landscape architect Edward Huntsman-Trout, designed the general campus plan featuring four residence halls to be built the first four consecutive years of the College. The projects design is primarily in the Mediterranean Revival style, later in his career, Kaufmann worked primarily in the Art Deco style, with a personal emphasis on massively thick, streamlined concrete walls which gave his buildings a very distinctive appearance. Kaufmanns buildings as a result took on a mechanical appearance. The Los Angeles Times headquarters is an example of this. Greystone Mansion,1928 Santa Anita Park,1934 Hollywood Palladium,1940 Pacific Coast Architecture Database, Gordon Kaufmann — projects and completed works
Gordon Kaufmann
–
Kaufmann's
Los Angeles Times building
21.
Greystone Mansion
–
Greystone Mansion, also known as the Doheny Mansion, is a Tudor Revival mansion on a landscaped estate with distinctive formal English gardens, located in Beverly Hills, California, United States. Architect Gordon Kaufmann designed the residence and ancillary structures, and construction was completed in 1928, the estate was a gift from oil tycoon Edward L. Doheny to his son, Edward Ned Doheny, Jr. and his family. The house and grounds are used in filmmaking and television production. The houses descending staircase is one of the most famous sets in Hollywood, the 55-room, Tudor-style former residence,46,000 sq ft, is situated on 16 acres of land. At the time it was built, it cost over $4 million and was the most expensive home built in California up to that time. On February 16,1929, four months after Ned Doheny, his wife Lucy and their five children moved into Greystone, Ned died in a guest bedroom in a murder-suicide with his secretary, Hugh Plunket. The official story indicated Plunket murdered Ned either because of a disorder or inflamed with anger over not receiving a raise. Both men are buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, both were involved in the trial of Neds father in the Teapot Dome scandal. In 1963, Crown planned to subdivide the property and demolish the mansion, Beverly Hills stopped the demolition by purchasing the mansion in 1965. The estate became a city park on September 16,1971, the city leased the mansion to the American Film Institute, from 1965 to 1982, for $1 per year, hoping to get repair and upkeep work from the institute. Since 2002 The City of Beverly Hills has maintained a Web page for the Greystone Mansion park, Greystone is now a public park, and is also used as a location for special events, including the Beverly Hills Flower & Garden Festival. The estate is popular as a filming location due to its beauty, manicured grounds, some productions contribute to the upkeep and renovation of the mansion. The 2007 film There Will Be Blood, loosely based on the life of Edward Doheny via the Upton Sinclair book Oil, renovated the downstairs two lane bowling alley to include it in the film. The camp presents a play in the area twice during the summer. The mansion is used for performances of the play The Manor written by Kathrine Bates, directed by Beverly Olevin. The Manor takes place in a number of different rooms of the mansion, the audience is separated at certain times during the play to watch some scenes in a different order. The plot of the The Manor is an account of the Doheny family, involving Dohenys involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal. The Manor has been performed every year at Greystone Mansion since 2002, it again in January
Greystone Mansion
–
Doheny Estate/Greystone
22.
Santa Anita Racetrack
–
Santa Anita Park is a thoroughbred racetrack in Arcadia, California, United States. It offers some of the prominent racing events in the United States during the winter, with its backdrop of the San Gabriel Mountains, it is considered by many the worlds most beautiful race track. In 2010, Santa Anitas ownership was moved to MI Developments Inc, Santa Anita Park was originally part of Rancho Santa Anita, which was owned originally by former San Gabriel Mission Mayor-Domo, Claudio Lopez, and named after a family member, Anita Cota. The ranch was acquired by rancher Hugo Reid, a Scotsman. Later, it was owned by multimillionaire horse breeder and racer Lucky Baldwin, Baldwin initially built a racetrack adjacent to the present site in what is today Arcadia, outside of the city of Los Angeles, in 1904. It closed in 1909 and burned in 1912, in 1933, California legalized parimutuel wagering and several investor groups worked to open racetracks. In the San Francisco area, a group headed by Dr. Charles H Doc Strub was having trouble locating a site, in the Los Angeles area, a group headed by movie producer Hal Roach was in need of further funds. These two groups combined and the newly formed Los Angeles Turf Club reopened the track on Christmas Day in 1934, in February 1935, the first Santa Anita Handicap was run. The races $100,000 purse, largest of any race ever in the United States until that time, in its heyday, the tracks races attracted such stars Betty Grable, Lana Turner, Edgar Bergen, Jane Russell, Cary Grant, Esther Williams, and other stars. Bing Crosby, Joe E. Brown, Al Jolson, under the leadership of Doc Strub, Santa Anita initiated many innovations that are now standard in thoroughbred horse racing, such as the use of starting gates and photo finishes for every race. It is interesting to note that the implementation of photo finishes at Santa Anita actually recorded an increase in dead heats, Santa Anita was so successful that in its first year under Doc Strubs leadership, it paid its investors a 100% dividend on their investment. In 1940, Seabiscuit won the Santa Anita Handicap in his last start, two years later, in 1942, racing at Santa Anita was suspended due to the Second World War, when Santa Anita was used as an assembly center for Japanese Americans excluded from the West Coast. For several months in 1942, over 18,000 people lived in horse stables and military-style barracks constructed on the site, including actor George Takei, after the track reopened in 1945, it went through the postwar years with prosperity. A downhill turf course, which added a distinctly European flair to racing at Santa Anita, was added in 1953, due to its proximity to Los Angeles, Santa Anita has traditionally been associated with the film and television industries. The racetrack sequences in the Marx Brothers 1937 classic A Day at the Races were filmed there, several stars, including Bing Crosby, Spencer Tracy, Errol Flynn, Alex Trebek, and MGM mogul, Louis B. Mayer, have owned horses that raced at the park, the 1958 Santa Anita Derby was attended by 61,123 people, making the attendance that day a record crowd. They had come to watch Silky Sullivan come from 28 lengths off the pace, the 1960s brought about a major renovation of Santa Anita Park, including a much-expanded grandstand as well as major seating additions. In 1968, Del Mar Racetrack relinquished its dates for a fall meeting, a group of horsemen including Clement Hirsch intervened and established the not-for-profit Oak Tree Racing Association
Santa Anita Racetrack
–
Art deco entrance to Santa Anita's grandstands.
Santa Anita Racetrack
–
Santa Anita Park logo
Santa Anita Racetrack
–
The unique downhill turf course includes a section where horses have to momentarily cross the dirt track
Santa Anita Racetrack
–
The Santa Anita track is set against the backdrop of the
San Gabriel Mountains.
23.
Arcadia
–
Arcadia is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Peloponnese. It is situated in the central and eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula and it takes its name from the mythological character Arcas. In Greek mythology, it was the home of the god Pan, in European Renaissance arts, Arcadia was celebrated as an unspoiled, harmonious wilderness. Arcadia has its capital at Tripoli. It covers about 18% of the Peloponnese peninsula, making it the largest regional unit on the peninsula, Arcadia has a ski resort on Mount Mainalo, located about 20 km NW of Tripoli. Other mountains of Arcadia are the Parnon in the southeast and the Lykaion in the west, the climate consists of hot summers and mild winters in the eastern part, the southern part, the low-lying areas and the central area at altitudes lower than 1,000 m. The area primarily receives rain during fall and winter months in the rest of Arcadia, winter snow occurs commonly in the mountainous areas for much of the west and the northern part, the Taygetus area, the Mainalon. After the collapse of the Roman power in the west, Arcadia became part of the Greek-speaking Byzantine Empire, the region fell into the hands of the Ottoman Turks in 1460. With the exception of a period of Venetian rule in 1687–1715, the phrase is most often associated with a 1647 painting by Nicolas Poussin, also known as The Arcadian Shepherds. In the painting the phrase appears as an inscription on a tomb discovered by youthful figures in classical garb, Arcadia was one of the centres of the Greek War of Independence which saw victories in their battles including one in Tripoli. After a victorious war, Arcadia was finally incorporated into the newly created Greek state. Arcadia saw economic growth and small emigration, in the 20th century, Arcadia experienced extensive population loss through emigration, mostly to the Americas. Many Arcadian villages lost half their inhabitants, and fears arose that they would turn into ghost towns, Arcadia now has a smaller population than Corinthia. Demographers expected that its population would halve between 1951 and the early 21st century, the population has fallen to 87,000 in 2011. An earthquake measuring 5.9 on the Richter magnitude scale shook Megalopoli, large numbers of buildings were destroyed, leaving people homeless. Within a couple of years, the buildings were rebuilt anti-seismically, in 1967, construction began on the Megalopoli Power Plant, which began operating in 1970, producing additional electricity for southern Greece. A mining area south of the plant is the largest mining area in the peninsula, in July and August 2007 forest fires caused damage in Arcadia, notably in the mountains
Arcadia
–
Mount Lykaion
Arcadia
–
Municipalities of Arcadia
Arcadia
–
"
Les Bergers d’Arcadie " by
Nicolas Poussin.
Arcadia
–
Landscape of Arcadia.
24.
Hoover Dam
–
Hoover Dam, once known as Boulder Dam, is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U. S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 during the Great Depression and was dedicated on September 30,1935 and its construction was the result of a massive effort involving thousands of workers, and cost over one hundred lives. The dam was named after President Herbert Hoover. In 1928, Congress authorized the project, the winning bid to build the dam was submitted by a consortium called Six Companies, Inc. which began construction on the dam in early 1931. Such a large concrete structure had never built before. The torrid summer weather and lack of facilities near the site also presented difficulties, nevertheless, Six Companies turned over the dam to the federal government on March 1,1936, more than two years ahead of schedule. Hoover Dam impounds Lake Mead, the largest reservoir in the United States by volume, the dam is located near Boulder City, Nevada, a municipality originally constructed for workers on the construction project, about 30 mi southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada. The dams generators provide power for public and private utilities in Nevada, Arizona, Hoover Dam is a major tourist attraction, nearly a million people tour the dam each year. The heavily-traveled U. S. Route 93 ran along the dams crest until October 2010, as the United States developed the Southwest, the Colorado River was seen as a potential source of irrigation water. Though water from the Imperial Canal allowed for the settlement of the valley. Even after the waterway was stabilized, it proved unsatisfactory because of constant disputes with landowners on the Mexican side of the border, as the technology of electric power transmission improved, the Lower Colorado was considered for its hydroelectric-power potential. In 1902, the Edison Electric Company of Los Angeles surveyed the river in the hope of building a 40-foot rock dam which could generate 10,000 horsepower. However, at the time, the limit of transmission of power was 80 miles. Edison allowed land options it held on the river to lapse—including an option for what became the site of Hoover Dam. In the following years, the Bureau of Reclamation, known as the Reclamation Service at the time, Service chief Arthur Powell Davis proposed using dynamite to collapse the walls of Boulder Canyon,20 miles north of the eventual dam site, into the river. The river would carry off the pieces of debris. In 1922, the Reclamation Service presented a report calling for the development of a dam on the Colorado River for flood control, the report was principally authored by Davis, and was called the Fall-Davis report after Interior Secretary Albert Fall. The Fall-Davis report cited use of the Colorado River as a concern, because the rivers basin covered several states
Hoover Dam
–
Hoover Dam by
Ansel Adams, 1942
Hoover Dam
–
River view of the eventual site of Hoover Dam, circa 1904
Hoover Dam
–
Sketch of proposed Boulder Canyon dam site and reservoir, circa 1921
Hoover Dam
–
Hoover Dam architectural plans
25.
Caltech
–
The California Institute of Technology is a private doctorate-granting university located in Pasadena, California, United States. The vocational and preparatory schools were disbanded and spun off in 1910, the university is one among a small group of Institutes of Technology in the United States which is primarily devoted to the instruction of technical arts and applied sciences. Caltech has six divisions with strong emphasis on science and engineering, managing $332 million in 2011 in sponsored research. Its 124-acre primary campus is located approximately 11 mi northeast of downtown Los Angeles, first-year students are required to live on campus, and 95% of undergraduates remain in the on-campus House System at Caltech. Although Caltech has a tradition of practical jokes and pranks. The Caltech Beavers compete in 13 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division IIIs Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, Caltech is frequently cited as one of the worlds best universities. There are 112 faculty members who have elected to the United States National Academies. In addition, numerous faculty members are associated with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute as well as NASA, according to a 2015 Pomona College study, Caltech ranked number one in the U. S. for the percentage of its graduates who go on to earn a PhD. Caltech started as a school founded in Pasadena in 1891 by local businessman and politician Amos G. Throop. The school was known successively as Throop University, Throop Polytechnic Institute, the vocational school was disbanded and the preparatory program was split off to form an independent Polytechnic School in 1907. At a time when research in the United States was still in its infancy, George Ellery Hale. He joined Throops board of trustees in 1907, and soon began developing it and he engineered the appointment of James A. B. Scherer, a literary scholar untutored in science but a capable administrator and fund raiser, scherer persuaded retired businessman and trustee Charles W. Gates to donate $25,000 in seed money to build Gates Laboratory, the first science building on campus. In 1910, Throop moved to its current site, arther Fleming donated the land for the permanent campus site. The promise of Throop attracted physical chemist Arthur Amos Noyes from MIT to develop the institution and assist in establishing it as a center for science, with the onset of World War I, Hale organized the National Research Council to coordinate and support scientific work on military problems. This institution, with its able investigators and excellent research laboratories, through the National Research Council, Hale simultaneously lobbied for science to play a larger role in national affairs, and for Throop to play a national role in science. During the course of the war, Hale, Noyes and Millikan worked together in Washington on the NRC, subsequently, they continued their partnership in developing Caltech. Under the leadership of Hale, Noyes and Millikan, Caltech grew to prominence in the 1920s
Caltech
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Throop Polytechnic Institute, Pasadena, Calif, 1908, on its original campus at downtown Pasadena.
Caltech
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Caltech Seal
Caltech
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Throop Hall, 1912
Caltech
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Caltech entrance at 1200 E California Blvd. On the left is East Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics and on the right is the Alfred Sloan Laboratory of Mathematics and Physics.
26.
Tommy Dorsey
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Thomas Francis Tommy Dorsey, Jr. was an American jazz trombonist, composer, conductor and bandleader of the Big Band era. He was known as the Sentimental Gentleman of Swing, because of his smooth-toned trombone playing and his technical skill on the trombone gave him renown among other musicians. He was the brother of bandleader Jimmy Dorsey. After Dorsey broke with his brother in the mid-1930s, he led an extremely popular and he is best remembered for standards such as Opus One, Song of India, Marie, On Treasure Island, and his biggest hit single Ill Never Smile Again. Thomas Francis Dorsey, Jr. was born in Mahanoy Plane, Pennsylvania, the second of four born to Thomas Francis Dorsey, Sr. a bandleader himself. He and Jimmy, his brother by slightly less than two years, would become famous as the Dorsey Brothers. The two younger siblings were Mary and Edward, Tommy Dorsey initially studied the trumpet with his father, only to later switch to the trombone. At age 15, Jimmy recommended Tommy as the replacement for Russ Morgan in the 1920s territory band The Scranton Sirens, Tommy and Jimmy worked in several bands, including those of Tal Henry, Rudy Vallee, Vincent Lopez, Nathaniel Shilkret. In 1923, Dorsey followed his brother Jimmy to Detroit to play in Jean Goldkettes band, in 1927 he joined Paul Whiteman. In 1929, the Dorsey Brothers had their first hit with Coquette for OKeh records, in 1934, the Dorsey Brothers band signed with Decca records, having a hit with I Believe In Miracles. Ongoing acrimony between the brothers, however, led to Tommy Dorseys walking out to form his own band in 1935, Dorseys orchestra was known primarily for its renderings of ballads at dance tempos, frequently with singers such as Jack Leonard and Frank Sinatra. Tommy Dorseys first band was formed out of the remains of the Joe Haymes band, if he admired a vocalist, musician or arranger, he would think nothing of taking over their contracts and careers. Dorsey had a reputation for being a perfectionist and he was volatile and also known to hire and fire musicians based on his mood. The new band was popular from almost the moment it signed with RCA Victor with On Treasure Island, after his 1935 recording however, Dorseys manager cut the hot jazz that Dorsey had mixed with his own lyrical style and instead had Dorsey play pop and vocal tunes. Dorsey would keep his Clambake Seven as a Dixieland group that played during performances, the Dorsey band had a national radio presence in 1936, first from Dallas and then from Los Angeles. Tommy Dorsey and his Orchestra took over comedian Jack Pearls radio show in 1937, by 1939, Dorsey was aware of criticism that his band lacked a jazz feeling. He hired arranger Sy Oliver away from the Jimmie Lunceford band, Sy Olivers arrangements include On The Sunny Side of the Street and T. D. s Boogie Woogie, Oliver also composed two of the new bands signature instrumentals, Well, Git It and Opus One. In 1940, Dorsey hired singer Frank Sinatra from bandleader Harry James, Frank Sinatra made eighty recordings from 1940 to 1942 with the Dorsey band
Tommy Dorsey
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Tommy Dorsey, in The Fabulous Dorseys
Tommy Dorsey
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Tommy Dorsey and Frank Sinatra, RCA Victor Studios, 1941.
Tommy Dorsey
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The grave of Tommy and Jane Dorsey in
Kensico Cemetery
27.
Frank Sinatra
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Francis Albert Sinatra was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. He is one of the music artists of all time. Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James. Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943 and he released his debut album, The Voice of Frank Sinatra, in 1946. Sinatras professional career had stalled by the early 1950s, and he turned to Las Vegas and his career was reborn in 1953 with the success of From Here to Eternity, with his performance subsequently winning an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. Sinatra released several critically lauded albums, including In the Wee Small Hours, Come Fly with Me, Only the Lonely and Nice n Easy. Sinatra left Capitol in 1960 to start his own label, Reprise Records. It was followed by 1968s collaboration with Duke Ellington, using his Las Vegas shows as a home base, he toured both within the United States and internationally until a short time before his death in 1998. Sinatra forged a successful career as a film actor. After winning an Academy Award for From Here to Eternity, he starred in The Man with the Golden Arm and he appeared in various musicals such as On the Town, Guys and Dolls, High Society, and Pal Joey, winning another Golden Globe for the latter. Toward the end of his career, he associated with playing detectives. Sinatra would later receive the Golden Globe Cecil B, on television, The Frank Sinatra Show began on ABC in 1950, and he continued to make appearances on television throughout the 1950s and 1960s. While Sinatra never formally learned how to read music, he had a natural, intuitive understanding of it, a perfectionist, renowned for his impeccable dress sense and cleanliness, he always insisted on recording live with his band. His bright blue eyes earned him the popular nickname Ol Blue Eyes, Sinatra led a colorful personal life, and was often involved in turbulent affairs with women, such as with his second wife Ava Gardner. He went on to marry Mia Farrow in 1966 and Barbara Marx in 1976, Sinatra had several violent confrontations, usually with journalists he felt had crossed him, or work bosses with whom he had disagreements. He was honored at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1983, was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan in 1985, Sinatra was also the recipient of eleven Grammy Awards, including the Grammy Trustees Award, Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. After his death, American music critic Robert Christgau called him the greatest singer of the 20th century, Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12,1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey. He was the child of Italian immigrants Antonino Martino Marty Sinatra
Frank Sinatra
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Sinatra in 1957
Frank Sinatra
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Hoboken, New Jersey, early 20th century
Frank Sinatra
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Sinatra (far right) with the Hoboken Four on Major Bowes' Amateur Hour
Frank Sinatra
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Harry James in 1942
28.
Betty Grable
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Elizabeth Ruth Betty Grable was an American actress, pin-up girl, dancer, and singer. Her 42 movies during the 1930s and 1940s grossed more than $100 million, the U. S. Treasury Department in 1946 and 1947 listed her as the highest-salaried American woman, she earned more than $3 million during her career. Grable began her career in 1929 at age 12, after which she was fired from a contract when it was learned she signed up under false identification. She had contracts with RKO and Paramount Pictures during the 1930s, Grable came to prominence in the Broadway musical DuBarry Was a Lady, which brought her to the attention of 20th Century-Fox. She replaced Alice Faye in Down Argentine Way, her first major Hollywood film, Fox cast Grable in a succession of Technicolor musicals during the decade that were immensely popular, co-starring with such leading men as Victor Mature, Don Ameche, John Payne, and Tyrone Power. In 1943, she was the number-one box-office draw in the world and, in 1947, two of her biggest film successes were the musical Mother Wore Tights and the comedy How to Marry a Millionaire, one of her last films. Grable retired from acting in 1955 after she withdrew from her Fox contract, although she continued to perform on the stage. Throughout her career, Grable was a sex symbol. Her bathing suit poster made her the number-one pin-up girl of World War II and it was later included in the Life magazine project 100 Photographs that Changed the World. Hosiery specialists of the era often noted the ideal proportions of her legs as thigh, calf, Grables legs were famously insured by her studio for $1 million as a publicity stunt. Elizabeth Ruth Grable was born on December 18,1916 in St. Louis and she was the youngest of three children born to Lillian Rose and John Charles Grable, a stockbroker. She had Dutch, English, German, and Irish and ancestry, nicknamed Betty as a child, she was pressured by her mother—a stubborn and materialistic woman—to become a performer. She was entered in multiple beauty contests, many of which she won or for which she achieved considerable attention, despite her success, she suffered from a fear of crowds and sleepwalking. A 12-year-old Grable and her mother traveled to Hollywood in 1929, shortly after the stock market crash. To get her daughter jobs, Lillian Grable lied about her daughters age, claiming she was 15 to movie producers, the same year, after assuming the stage name Betty Grable, she made her film debut in Happy Days. This eventually led to her having small roles in Lets Go Places, in 1930, at age 13, Grable began a partnership with producer Samuel Goldwyn, she thereby became one of the original Goldwyn Girls, along with Lucille Ball, Virginia Bruce, and Paulette Goddard. As a member of the group of attractive young starlets, Grable appeared in a series of small parts in movies. Although she received no credit for her performance, she led the films opening musical number
Betty Grable
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Grable in 1951
Betty Grable
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Grable and
Carmen Miranda in hit
Springtime in the Rockies (1942)
Betty Grable
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Grable's iconic pose from 1943 was a World War II bestseller, showing off her "Million Dollar Legs".
Betty Grable
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with
Marilyn Monroe (left) and
Lauren Bacall (right) in
How to Marry a Millionaire (1953)
29.
The Lawrence Welk Show
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The Lawrence Welk Show is an American televised musical variety show hosted by big band leader Lawrence Welk. The series aired locally in Los Angeles for four years, from 1951 to 1955, then nationally for another 27 years on ABC from 1955 to 1971 and these airings incorporate an original program—usually, a color broadcast from 1965 through 1982—in its entirety. In place of the commercials, newer performance and interview clips from the original stars and/or a family member of the performers are included, these clips are occasionally updated. On May 11,1951, The Lawrence Welk Show began as a program on KTLA in Los Angeles, the flagship station of the Paramount Television Network. The original show was broadcast from the since-demolished Aragon Ballroom at Venice Beach, for 23 of its 27 years on the air, the show would originate there. The only seasons not produced there were 1965–66, 1976–77 at the Hollywood Palace, once a couple of studios at the ABC Prospect and Talmadge facilities had been converted to color in 1966, the show moved back there. The show aired on ABC until 1971, when the show was cancelled by the head of programming there, Welk formed his own production company and continued airing the show, on local stations and, often from 7 to 8 P. M. Eastern time on Saturdays over some of the ABC affiliates on which he had previously appeared, the syndicated version of the program aired from 1971 to 1982. When the show debuted nationwide, The Lawrence Welk Show was billed as the Dodge Dancing Party in 1955 and 1956, during 1956–59, Lawrence Welk was broadcast two nights per week. The second shows title was Lawrence Welk Presents Top Tunes and New Talent and then Lawrence Welks Plymouth Show, the Plymouth show was the first American television program to air in stereophonic sound. Starting with the 1959–60 season the two shows were merged into The Lawrence Welk Show, reverting to monophonic broadcasts, the name stuck, and it became the most popular variety show ever. While the show was highly rated and continued to more audiences. Over the course of the early 1970s, several variety shows were pulled from network schedules in a move known colloquially as the rural purge. In response to ABCs move, Welk started his own production company, some independent stations put it in its old Saturday timeslot, and in many cases, it drew higher ratings than the network shows scheduled at that time. Welks program was among a group of syndicated programs, others including Hee Haw and Soul Train. Welk retired in 1982, at the time of his retirement, he was 79 years old, in 1985, The Lawrence Welk Christmas Reunion was produced. It was the last show in which Welk appeared with the musical family, the Oklahoma Educational Television Authority acquired the broadcast rights to the series in 1986. In order to introduce the show to a new generation, they produced a film, Lawrence Welk, Televisions Music Man
The Lawrence Welk Show
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Opening of The Lawrence Welk Show
The Lawrence Welk Show
–
Alice Lon and Lawrence Welk.
The Lawrence Welk Show
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Norma Zimmer and Welk.
30.
The Jimi Hendrix Experience
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The Jimi Hendrix Experience was an American-English rock band that formed in Westminster, London, in September 1966. Singer, songwriter, and guitarist Jimi Hendrix, bassist and backing vocalist Noel Redding, and drummer Mitch Mitchell comprised the group, during this time, they released three studio albums and became one of the most popular acts in rock. In April 1970, Hendrix, Mitchell, and bassist Billy Cox performed and recorded until Hendrixs death on September 18,1970 and this later trio was sometimes billed as the Jimi Hendrix Experience, but the title was never formalized. Highly influential in the popularization of hard rock and psychedelic rock, the Experience was best known for the skill, style, in 1992, the Jimi Hendrix Experience was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Jimi Hendrix arrived in England on September 24,1966, and with his new manager and former Animals bassist, Chas Chandler, formed a band with bassist Noel Redding. Mitchell was a seasoned London drummer formerly with Georgie Fame and the Blue Flames, Hendrix chose Redding because of his attitude towards music and his hairstyle. Redding had been a player until that time, but played bass in the band. The name The Jimi Hendrix Experience was coined by their business manager Michael Jeffery, the first official appearance of The Jimi Hendrix Experience was at the Novelty in Évreux, France, on October 13,1966. Six days later the band played their first UK gig at a showcase at the Scotch of St James. Though conceived as back-up band for Hendrix, the Experience, as a unit, gained fame and critical acclaim. Following the lead of Cream, the Jimi Hendrix Experience was one of the first groups to popularize the power trio format, which limited a rock bands line-up to guitar, bass and drums. Hendrix combined lead and rhythm guitar styles and used special effects to modify his guitar such as feedback. Mitchell sometimes utilized jazz-influenced grooves, while Redding played simple bass lines that helped to anchor the bands sound, visually, they set the trend in psychedelic clothes and hairstyles. The Whos Pete Townshend admitted, changed the sound of electric guitar. Clapton agreed, after Pete Townshend and I went to see him play, I thought that was it, the group came to prominence in the US after the June 1967 Monterey Pop Festival, one of the first major rock music festivals. The bands performance ended with Hendrix famously setting his psychedelically painted Fender Stratocaster on fire, after the festival they toured with the Monkees, but left the tour two weeks later, reportedly due to lack of audience response. By April 1969, however, Hendrixs deteriorating relations with Redding were coming to a head, the original group held together long enough to fulfill their existing engagements, culminating in the Denver Pop Festival on June 29,1969. After hearing that Hendrix was planning to expand the Experience lineup without first consulting him, Redding quit the group, Hendrix and Mitchell experimented with a larger ensemble that included bassist Billy Cox
The Jimi Hendrix Experience
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Publicity photo of the band in 1968
The Jimi Hendrix Experience
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The Jimi Hendrix Experience performing for Dutch television in 1967. From left to right:
Jimi Hendrix,
Noel Redding and
Mitch Mitchell.
The Jimi Hendrix Experience
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The cover of the US edition of Are You Experienced by graphic designer Karl Ferris
The Jimi Hendrix Experience
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Poster for a concert at the IMA Auditorium,
Flint, Michigan, 1968
31.
MC5
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MC5 was an American rock band from Lincoln Park, Michigan, formed in 1964. The original band consisted of vocalist Rob Tyner, guitarists Wayne Kramer and Fred Sonic Smith, bassist Michael Davis. Their loud, energetic style of rock and roll included elements of garage rock, hard rock, blues rock. MC5 had a beginning which earned them a January 1969 cover appearance in Rolling Stone. They developed a reputation for energetic and polemical live performances, one of which was recorded as their 1969 debut album Kick Out the Jams and their initial run was short-lived, though. In 1972, just three years after their record, the band came to an end. MC5 was often cited as one of the most important American hard rock groups of their era and their three albums are regarded by many as classics, and their song Kick Out the Jams is widely covered. Tyner died of an attack in late 1991 at the age of 46. Smith also died of an attack, in 1994 at the age of 45. The origins of MC5 can be traced to the friendship between guitarists Wayne Kramer and Fred Smith, each guitarist/singer formed and led a rock group. Kramer felt they needed a manager, which led him to Rob Derminer, a few years older than the others, Tyner also invented their new name, MC5, it reflected their Detroit roots. MC5 even later opened for a few U. S. midwest shows for Sun Ra, housed in a striking picture sleeve, it comprised two original songs, Borderline and Looking at You. The first pressing sold out in a few weeks, and by years end it had gone through more pressings totaling several thousand copies. A third single that coupled I Can Only Give You Everything with the original I Just Dont Know appeared at about the time on the AMG label. That summer MC5 toured the U. S, as related in the notes for reissued editions of the Stooges debut album, Danny Fields of Elektra Records came to Detroit to see MC5. At Kramers recommendation, he went to see The Stooges, Fields was so impressed that he ended up offering contracts to both bands in September 1968. They were the first hard rock groups signed to the fledgling Elektra, Black Panther Party founder Huey P. Newton prompted John Sinclair to found the White Panthers, a militant leftist organization of white people working to assist the Black Panthers. Shortly after, Sinclair was arrested for possession of marijuana, under the guidance of John Sinclair, MC5 were soon involved in left-wing politics, Sinclair was active with the White Panther Party and Fifth Estate
MC5
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MC5 in 2005. Left to right: Wayne Kramer, Handsome Dick Manitoba, Dennis Thompson, Michael Davis and Gilby Clarke.
32.
Rap music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
Rap music
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1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the Bronx, a venue used by Kool Herc that is often considered the birthplace of hip hop in 1973
Rap music
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DJ Kool Herc, recognized as one of the earliest hip hop artists
Rap music
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Grandmaster Flash
Rap music
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Afrika Bambaataa (left)
33.
Heavy metal music
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Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as metalheads or headbangers. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with such as Mötley Crüe. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre and these include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop. Heavy metal is characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound. Metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter, or omit one or more of these attributes, the typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purples Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ, in 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III, by the 1990s, in. almost every subgenre of heavy metal synthesizers were used. The electric guitar and the power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a use of high volumes. Guitar solos are an element of the heavy metal code. That underscores the significance of the guitar to the genre, most heavy metal songs featur at least one guitar solo, which is a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity. One exception is nu metal bands, which tend to omit guitar solos, with rhythm guitar parts, the heavy crunch sound in heavy metal. Palm muting the strings with the hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more sound and it emphasizes the low end
Heavy metal music
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Judas Priest, performing in 2005
Heavy metal music
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Enid Williams from
Girlschool and
Lemmy from
Motörhead singing "Please Don't Touch" live in 2009. The ties that bind the two bands started in the 1980s and are still strong today.
Heavy metal music
–
Ritchie Blackmore, founder of
Deep Purple and
Rainbow, known for the neoclassical approach in his guitar performances
Heavy metal music
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King Diamond, known for writing conceptual lyrics about horror stories
34.
Taj Mahal (musician)
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Henry Saint Clair Fredericks, who uses the stage name Taj Mahal, is an American blues musician. He often incorporates elements of music into his works. Born Henry Saint Clair Fredericks, Jr. on May 17,1942, in Harlem, New York, Mahal grew up in Springfield, Massachusetts. Raised in an environment, his mother was a member of a local gospel choir and his father was a West Indian jazz arranger. His family owned a radio which received music broadcasts from around the world. Early in childhood he recognized the differences between the popular music of his day and the music that was played in his home. He also became interested in jazz, enjoying the works of such as Charles Mingus, Thelonious Monk. His parents came of age during the Harlem Renaissance, instilling in their son a sense of pride in his West Indian and African ancestry through their stories. Because his father was a musician, his house was frequently the host of musicians from the Caribbean, Africa. His father, Henry Saint Clair Fredericks Sr. was called The Genius by Ella Fitzgerald before starting his family, early on, Henry Jr. developed an interest in African music, which he studied assiduously as a young man. His parents also encouraged him to music, starting him out with classical piano lessons. He also studied the clarinet, trombone and harmonica, when Mahal was eleven his father was killed in an accident at his own construction company, crushed by a tractor when it flipped over. This was a traumatic experience for the boy. His stepfather owned a guitar which Taj began using at age 13 or 14 and his name was Lynwood Perry, the nephew of the famous bluesman Arthur Big Boy Crudup. In high school Mahal sang in a doo-wop group, for some time Mahal thought of pursuing farming over music. He had developed a passion for farming that nearly rivaled his love of music—coming to work on a farm first at age 16 and it was a dairy farm in Palmer, Massachusetts, not far from Springfield. By age nineteen he had become farm foreman, getting up a bit after 4,00 a. m. I milked anywhere between thirty-five and seventy cows a day. Mahal believes in growing ones own food, saying, You have a generation of kids who think everything comes out of a box and a can
Taj Mahal (musician)
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Taj Mahal in 2005
Taj Mahal (musician)
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Taj Mahal at the Museumsquartier in
Vienna (Jazz-Fest Wien) in 2007
Taj Mahal (musician)
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Performing in 1971
Taj Mahal (musician)
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Taj Mahal at the
Liri Blues Festival, Italy, in 2005
35.
Live Nation
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Live Nation Entertainment is an American global entertainment company, formed from the merger of Live Nation and Ticketmaster. It owns, leases, operates, has booking rights for and/or equity interests in a number of U. S. entertainment venues. The leadership consists of Greg Maffei as chairman and Canadian Michael Rapino as president, the merger initially received regulatory approval in Norway and Turkey in 2009. In October 2009, the United Kingdoms Competition Commission provisionally ruled against the merger, on December 22,2009, the Competition Commission reversed its decision and cleared the proposed merger. The United States Justice Department approved the merger on January 25,2010, AEG was given the option after five years to buy the software, replacing it with something else, or partnering with another ticketing company. Live Nation Entertainment bought AC Entertainment, a Knoxville Tennessee music company in October 2016
Live Nation
–
Live Nation Entertainment
36.
Los Angeles
–
Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
37.
DJ AM
–
DJ AM was an American DJ, remixer and musician. He was also one half of TRV$DJAM along with Travis Barker, Barker and Goldstein were the only two survivors of the 2008 South Carolina Learjet 60 crash, which killed the four other people on board. Goldstein appeared as himself in television series, contributed mixes and appeared as a playable character in the video game DJ Hero. Goldstein, who had an addiction in his early 20s. He appeared to be struggling with his addiction during filming. On August 28,2009 he was dead in his New York City apartment from a drug overdose. Iron Man 2, which was released in 2010, was dedicated to his memory, Goldstein was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Jewish parents. Goldstein described his father as cruel, stating that he was verbally abused by him. His father abused drugs and alcohol and was incarcerated for committing bank fraud, as an adult, however, Goldstein found out that the man he thought was his father was not his biological one. Goldstein attended the Quaker school Friends Central, at the age of 14 he moved with his mother to Los Angeles after his parents divorced. Here he fell in with a crowd of heavy drug users and he was sent to a drug rehabilitation center, but was indicted and dismissed for his treatment of younger patients shortly before his 18th birthday. His father died the year due to complications from HIV/AIDS. When Goldstein was 20 years old he started deejaying, which he had been obsessed with since seeing Herbie Hancock perform Rockit at the 26th Annual Grammy Awards, during his early 20s, Goldstein also battled a drug addiction, specifically to crack cocaine. In 1997 he attempted suicide but was unsuccessful when the gun he placed in his mouth jammed when he pulled the trigger and he dated Mandy Moore for two months in 2007 and remained close friends with her after separating. Later in 2007 he was involved with Jessica Stam. Goldstein was an avid sneakerhead, owning over 1,000 pairs of sneakers by 2007, Goldsteins stage name, DJ AM stands for his first and middle names, Adam Michael. After befriending Shifty Shellshock he joined the rap/rock group Crazy Town in 1999, and contributed to their hit Butterfly and he left the group in 2001 to escape the drug-related dysfunction that was plaguing the band. Goldsteins relationship with Nicole Richie helped skyrocket his career as a DJ, us Weekly editor Janice Min said Hes an amazing DJ, but there are a lot of amazing DJs
DJ AM
–
DJ AM in December 2008
DJ AM
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Goldstein in February 2007
DJ AM
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Goldstein in June 2009
38.
The Day of the Locust
–
The Day of the Locust is a 1939 novel by American author Nathanael West set in Hollywood, California. The novel follows a young artist from the Yale School of Fine Arts named Tod Hackett, who has been hired by a Hollywood studio to do scenic design and painting. While he works he plans an important painting to be called The Burning of Los Angeles, a portrayal of the chaotic and fiery holocaust which will destroy the city. While the cast of characters Tod befriends are a conglomerate of Hollywood stereotypes, his discovery is a part of society whose eyes filled with hatred. This undercurrent of society captures the despair of Americans who worked and saved their lives only to realize, too late. Their anger boils into rage, and the craze over the latest Hollywood premier erupts violently into mob rule, gehman calls the novel episodic in structure, but panoramic in form. Tod is hired by the studio to paint and decorate sets. Homer Simpson – a former accountant at a hotel in Iowa who comes to California at the recommendation of his doctor to restore his health. Soft mannered, sexually repressed, and socially ill-at-ease, Homers almost constant inner turmoil is expressed through his hands which have an uncontrollable. Abe Kusich – a little person bookmaker/hustler and friend of Faye, claude Estee – a successful but very cynical screenwriter. Earle Shoop – a fake California cowboy/stud who makes a scant salary working at a western wear and he camps out in the hills above Los Angeles. Earle and Faye have a sexual relationship, Miguel – a Mexican-American who plays a native-American Indian, and Earles sidekick at the store. Faye sleeps with Miguel to make Earle jealous, Mrs. Jenning – runs an escort service and pornographic film parlor. Harry Greener – Fayes father, a third-rate vaudevillian from the East who is chronically ill, when he cant get a performing gig he peddles home-made silver polish, but its more of an opportunity to work his schtick than to provide a meaningful income. Adore Loomis – a precocious child actor who teases Homer until he snaps, Homers stomping Adore to death coincides with the eruption of mob violence outside the blockbuster debut. Wests characters are shallow, stereotyped, and derive from all the B-grade genre films of the period. They are what Light calls grotesques, Tod Hacketts first name is a derivative of the German word for death, and his last name refers to a common epithet for Hollywood screenwriters and artists, who were pejoratively called hacks. Tod Hackett is the novels protagonist and he moves from the east coast to Hollywood, California in search of inspiration for his next painting
The Day of the Locust
–
1939 first edition cover
39.
The Blues Brothers (film)
–
The Blues Brothers is a 1980 American musical crime comedy film directed by John Landis. It stars John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd as Joliet Jake and Elwood Blues, the films screenplay was written by Aykroyd and Landis. It features musical numbers by rhythm and blues, soul, and blues singers James Brown, Cab Calloway, Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, the film is set in and around Chicago, Illinois, where it was filmed. It features non-musical supporting performances by John Candy, Carrie Fisher, Charles Napier, the story is a tale of redemption for paroled convict Jake and his brother Elwood, who set out on a mission from God to save from foreclosure the Catholic orphanage in which they were raised. To do so, they must reunite their R&B band and organize a performance to earn $5,000 needed to pay the property tax bill. Along the way, they are targeted by a mystery woman, Neo-Nazis. Concerns that the film would fail limited its initial bookings to less than half those a film of its magnitude normally received, released in the United States on June 20,1980, it received mostly positive reviews. It earned just under $5 million in its opening weekend and went on to gross over $115 million in theaters worldwide before its release on home video. It has become a classic, spawning the sequel, Blues Brothers 2000,18 years later. Jake Blues is released from prison after serving three years, and is picked up by his brother Elwood in his Bluesmobile, a former police car. Elwood demonstrates its capabilities by jumping an open drawbridge, the brothers visit the Roman Catholic orphanage where they were raised, and learn from Sister Mary Stigmata that it will be closed unless $5,000 in property taxes is collected. That night, state troopers attempt to arrest Elwood for driving with a license due to 116 parking tickets and 56 moving violations. After a high-speed chase through the Dixie Square Mall, the brothers escape, Jake and Elwood begin tracking down members of the band. Five of them are playing a deserted Holiday Inn lounge, another turns them down as he is the maître d at an expensive restaurant, but the brothers refuse to leave the restaurant until he relents. On their way to meet the two band members, the brothers find the road blocked by a Nazi Party demonstration on a bridge. These last two members, who now run a soul food restaurant, rejoin the band against the advice of one wife. The reunited group obtain instruments and equipment from Rays Music Exchange, as Jake attempts to book a gig, the mystery woman blows up the phone booth he is using, once again, he is miraculously unhurt. The band stumbles into a gig at Bobs Country Bunker, a local honky-tonk and they win over the rowdy crowd, but run up a bar tab higher than their pay, and infuriate the country band that was actually booked for the gig, the Good Ol Boys
The Blues Brothers (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
The Blues Brothers (film)
–
The Bluesmobile races through the mall while being chased by state troopers.
The Blues Brothers (film)
–
Richard J. Daley Center is Chicago's premier civic center and features a massive sculpture by Pablo Picasso.
The Blues Brothers (film)
–
The Blues Brothers: Music from the Soundtrack
40.
South Shore Cultural Center
–
The South Shore Cultural Center, in Chicago, Illinois, is a cultural facility located at 71st Street and South Shore Drive, in the citys South Shore neighborhood. It encompasses the grounds of the former South Shore Country Club, the South Shore Country Club was founded in 1905 as a suburban counterpart to the urban clubs of Chicago, such as the Athletic Club. The original building was built at that time, designed by architects Marshall, in 1909, a theater was added, but in 1916, Marshall and Fox were engaged to design a newer building, still in the Mediterranean Revival style. This is the building still stands. Originally built as a Protestant-only club, later, Irish-Catholics were admitted, besides the main clubhouse, the Country Club also had stables, a nine-hole golf course, tennis courts, a bowling green, and a private beach on Lake Michigan. By the early 1960s, the character of the neighborhood was changing rapidly, as Hyde Park, Woodlawn, and South Shore became racially integrated, the wealthy whites who formed the membership in the club started to leave the neighborhood in droves. In 1967, the club considered opening its membership to Jews and it was listed on the U. S. National Register of Historic Places in 1975. A coalition of activists and historic preservationists successfully convinced the Park District not to demolish the buildings. Instead, the facility was renamed the South Shore Cultural Center, over two decades, the main buildings were slowly renovated and repurposed. Today the Cultural Center houses the South Shore Cultural Center School of the Arts, in addition, there are banquet facilities for rent for weddings, receptions, and meetings. The golf course is still in operation, and is open to the public, as are the beach, picnic areas, gardens, the horse stables are currently used by the Chicago Police Departments mounted unit. The building houses the Parrot Cage Restaurant, which is operated as a program of the Washburne Culinary Institute. The Chicago Lakefront Trail is an 18-mile multi-use path in Chicago, Illinois along the coast of Lake Michigan, the center now competes with the Jackson Park 63rd Street Beach House and Promontory Point as South Side beachfront special use facilities in the Park District. The buildings exteriors were used as the Palace Hotel Ballroom in The Blues Brothers, the Cultural Center was the site of Barack and Michelle Obamas wedding reception on October 3,1992. On May 26,2004, it became a Chicago Landmark, http, //www. chicagotribune. com/news/opinion/commentary/ct-south-shore-country-club-flashback-perspec-1023-jm-20161019-story. html Official website Chicago Landmark Page
South Shore Cultural Center
–
South Shore Country Club
South Shore Cultural Center
–
Entrance Gate to the South Shore Cultural Center
South Shore Cultural Center
–
Interior ballroom at the South Shore Cultural Center
41.
Chicago
–
Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
Chicago
–
Clockwise from top:
Downtown Chicago, the
Chicago Theatre, the
'L',
Navy Pier,
Millennium Park, the
Field Museum, and the
Willis Tower.
Chicago
–
Traditional
Potawatomi costume on display at the
Field Museum
Chicago
–
A 1903 painting of Chicago in 1833
Chicago
–
An artist's rendering of the
Great Chicago Fire of 1871
42.
Richard Pryor: Live on the Sunset Strip
–
Live on the Sunset Strip is a comedy album by Richard Pryor. Released alongside a film of the name in 1982, the film was the most financially lucrative of the comedians concert films. The material includes Pryors frank discussion of his addiction and of the June 9,1980 night that he caught on fire while freebasing cocaine. The album won a Grammy for Best Comedy Recording in 1982, track 5 recorded at The Hollywood Palladium in Hollywood, California, January 5,1982. Richard Pryor, Live on the Sunset Strip at the Internet Movie Database Roger Eberts review
Richard Pryor: Live on the Sunset Strip
–
Live on the Sunset Strip
Richard Pryor: Live on the Sunset Strip
–
Albums
43.
Keith Richards
–
Keith Richards is an English guitarist, singer, songwriter, best-selling memoirist and founding member of the rock band the Rolling Stones. The magazine of the same name credited Richards for rocks greatest single body of riffs on guitar, fourteen songs that Richards wrote with the Rolling Stones lead vocalist Mick Jagger are listed among Rolling Stone magazines 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The Stones are generally known for their guitar interplay of rhythm, in spite of this, Richards plays the only guitar tracks on some of their most famous songs including Paint It Black, Ruby Tuesday, Sympathy for the Devil, Gimme Shelter, and Angie. Richards was born 18 December 1943 at Livingston Hospital, in Dartford, Kent and he is the only child of Doris M. L. and Herbert W. Richards. His father was a worker who was injured in World War II during the Normandy invasion. His great-grandfathers family originated from Wales and his maternal grandfather, Augustus Theodore Gus Dupree, who toured Britain with a jazz big band, Gus Dupree and his Boys, fostered Richards interest in guitar. Richards has said that it was Dupree who gave him his first guitar and his grandfather teased the young Richards with a guitar that was on a shelf that Richards couldnt reach at the time. Finally Dupree told Richards, that if Richards could reach the guitar then he could have it, Richards then devised all manner of ways of reaching the guitar, putting books and cushions on a chair and finally got the guitar and his grandfather let him have it. His grandfather taught him the rudiments of Richards first tune, Malagueña and he worked on the number like mad and then his grandfather let him keep the guitar. He called it the prize of the century, Richards played at home, listening to recordings by Billie Holiday, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington and others. His father, on the hand, disparaged his sons musical enthusiasm. One of Richards first guitar heroes was Scotty Moore, Richards attended Wentworth Primary School with Mick Jagger and was his neighbour until 1954, when the family moved. From 1955 to 1959 he attended Dartford Technical High School for Boys, recruited by Dartford Techs choirmaster, R. W. Jake Clare, Richards sang in a trio of boy sopranos at, among other occasions, Westminster Abbey for Queen Elizabeth II. In 1959 Richards was expelled from Dartford Tech for truancy and transferred to Sidcup Art College, at Sidcup he was diverted from his studies proper and devoted more time to playing guitar with other students in the boys room. At this point Richards had learned most of Chuck Berrys solos, Richards met Jagger on a train as Jagger was heading for classes at the London School of Economics. The mail-order rhythm & blues albums from Chess Records by Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters that Jagger was carrying revealed a mutual interest, along with mutual friend Dick Taylor, Jagger was singing in an amateur band, Little Boy Blue and the Blue Boys, which Richards soon joined. The Blues Boys folded when Brian Jones, after sharing thoughts on their joint interest in the music, invited Mick and Keith to the Bricklayers Arms pub. By mid-1962 Richards had left Sidcup Art College to devote himself to music and moved into a London flat with Jagger and his parents divorced about the same time, resulting in his staying close to his mother and remaining estranged from his father until 1982
Keith Richards
–
Richards performing with the Rolling Stones in 1972
Keith Richards
–
Richards in 1965
Keith Richards
–
Richards in February 2006
Keith Richards
–
Richards (right) and Jagger 1972
44.
Live at the Hollywood Palladium, December 15, 1988
–
Live at the Hollywood Palladium, December 15,1988 is a live album by Keith Richards and was released on 10 December 1991, in the United States and 24 February 1992, in the United Kingdom. Recorded during the brief American tour, the leg of the shows, in support of Talk Is Cheap in late 1988, Richards is supported by a set of musicians. The Winos included Richards, Waddy Wachtel, Steve Jordan, Charley Drayton, Ivan Neville, longtime Rolling Stones contributor Bobby Keys also plays saxophone. A. And while Live at the Hollywood Palladium, December 15,1988 does not include the full concert captured that evening, unavailable is Richards singing I Wanna Be Your Man, another distinct nod to the early days of the band he helped found in 1962. Live at the Hollywood Palladium, December 15,1988 was recorded, videotaped and ultimately released at the suggestion of Jane Rose. Officially credited as Executive Producer, she encouraged Richards to consider the release after showing the reluctant star bootlegs of inferior audio quality. Although it failed to chart, the album has sold over 100,000 copies in the United States alone. The album includes several Rolling Stones songs, including Too Rude, Time Is on My Side, Happy, and Connection All songs by Keith Richards and Steve Jordan, except where noted
Live at the Hollywood Palladium, December 15, 1988
–
Live at the Hollywood Palladium, December 15, 1988
45.
Punk rock
–
Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
Punk rock
–
The
Ramones ' 1976
debut album laid down the musical "blueprint for punk", while its cover image had a similarly formative influence on punk visual style.
Punk rock
–
Johnny Rotten and Steve Jones of the Sex Pistols
Punk rock
–
The Clash, performing in 1980
Punk rock
–
British punks, circa 1986
46.
Bad Religion
–
Bad Religion is an American punk rock band that formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1979. To date, Bad Religion has released sixteen albums, two live albums, three compilation albums, three EPs and two DVDs. They are considered to be one of the punk rock acts of all time. Bad Religion had built a following in the United States with their early albums before signing to Atlantic Records in 1993. They rose to fame that year with their seventh studio album and major-label debut Recipe for Hate. Shortly before the release of Stranger than Fiction, Gurewitz left Bad Religion to run his label Epitaph on a full-time basis, the band is expected to release their seventeenth studio album in 2017. Bad Religion was formed in Los Angeles in 1979 by high school students Greg Graffin, Jay Bentley, Jay Ziskrout, according to bassist Jay Bentley, Bad Religion started around November or December 1979, but no one can remember exactly. Greg Graffin wanted the year 2000 to be Bad Religions 20th birthday and their first public performance was playing 6 or 8 songs at a Fullerton, California or Santa Ana, California warehouse opening for Social Distortion. Their first official show was on November 11,1980 at Joey Kills Bar in Burbank, in 1981, the band released their initial eponymous album on the newly formed label, Epitaph Records, which was and continues to be managed and owned by Gurewitz. Also in 1981, the began recording their first full-length album. During the recording of album, drummer Jay Ziskrout quit the band. Released in 1982, How Could Hell Be Any Worse. was also distributed by the band under the Epitaph label, in 1983, the band released Into the Unknown, a keyboard-driven progressive hard rock album with a slightly slower pace. Almost all of the albums the band produced were out of the warehouse they were housed in without the bands knowledge. This incident, as well as band members increasingly divergent personal lives, soon after, Graffin reassembled Bad Religion with Circle Jerks guitarist Greg Hetson replacing Gurewitz, who had gone into rehab for his drug problem. Bad Religion returned to a mellower, rock and roll version of their original sound with the Back to the Known EP. Eventually the band split toward the middle of 1985, Bad Religion slowly reformed in 1986 out of the Back to the Known line-up when Graffin called Bentley and asked him to return. Bentleys response was tentative, but after being assured that the setlist consisted mostly of tracks from How Could Hell Be Any Worse and he agreed to return for one show, and ended up staying on because he had so much fun. A freshly rehabilitated Gurewitz was eventually convinced to come back aboard and this lineup recorded the bands third album, Suffer, which was released in 1988
Bad Religion
–
Bad Religion in
Stockholm, 2004
Bad Religion
–
Brian Baker (left) with Bad Religion, live in the Netherlands, 1995.
47.
Live at the Palladium (Bad Religion DVD)
–
Live at the Palladium is a live concert DVD by the punk band Bad Religion, released in March 2006. It features footage from two nights at the Palladium in Hollywood, California on November 21 and 22,2004, the DVD uses seamless branching to offer two viewing options, The full concert interspersed with interview footage of the band. The only Bad Religion albums that do not have represented in this performance are Into the Unknown, No Substance. The version of Cease is played on a piano, as recorded on Greg Graffins solo album. After the band has finished playing 21st Century Greg Graffin incorrectly identifies the song as the Against the Grain version when in fact played the Stranger than Fiction version. The title card before playing Along the Way shows that the song is from the album How Could Hell Be Any Worse, when in fact the song was never recorded for an album release, it actually appears on their 1985 EP Back to the Known. Overture/Sinister Rouge All There Is No Control Supersonic Social Suicide Los Angeles Is Burning Modern Man Kyoto Now
Live at the Palladium (Bad Religion DVD)
–
Bad Religion: Live at the Palladium
48.
Thrash Metal
–
Thrash metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music characterized by its fast tempo and overall aggression. The songs usually use fast percussive beats and low-register guitar riffs, the lyrics often deal with social issues and reproach for The Establishment, using direct and denunciatory language, an approach borrowed from hardcore punk. The genre evolved in the early 1980s from combining the fast drum beats and attitude of hardcore with the double bass drumming, heavy and complex guitar style of the new wave of British heavy metal. It emerged partially as a reaction to the conventional and widely acceptable glam metal. Thrash metal was an inspiration for subsequent extreme genres such as death metal, Four American bands—Anthrax, Megadeth, Metallica, and Slayer—are credited with pioneering and popularizing the genre. The Clash of the Titans tour, which featured Megadeth, Slayer, thrash metal has seen a resurgence in recent times, with many of the older bands returning to their roots with their new releases. A new generation of metal bands emerged in the early 2000s. Thrash metal generally features fast tempos, low-register, complex riffs, high-register guitar solos. The genre evolved in the early 1980s from combining the drum beats of hardcore punk with the style of the new wave of British heavy metal. It emerged partially as a reaction to the conventional and widely acceptable glam metal. The rhythm guitar parts are played with distortion and often palm muted to create a tighter. Vocally, thrash metal can employ anything from singing to shouted vocals. The guitar riffs often use chromatic scales and emphasize the tritone and diminished intervals, for example, the intro riff of Metallicas Master of Puppets is a chromatic descent, followed by a chromatic ascent based on the tritone. Speed, pacing and time-changes also define thrash metal, thrash tends to have an accelerating feel which may be due in large part to its aggressive drumming style. For example, drummers often use two drums, or a double-bass pedal, in order to create a relentless, driving beat. Cymbal stops/chokes are often used to transition from one riff to another or to precede an acceleration in tempo, to keep up with the other instruments, many bassists use a plectrum. However, some prominent thrash metal bassists have used their fingers, such as Frank Bello, Greg Christian, Steve DiGiorgio, Robert Trujillo, several bassists use a distorted bass tone, an approach popularized by Burton and Motörheads Lemmy. Lyrical themes in thrash metal include warfare, corruption, injustice, murder, suicide, isolation, alienation, addiction, in addition, politics, particularly pessimism and dissatisfaction towards politics, are common themes among thrash metal bands
Thrash Metal
–
Kirk Hammett and
James Hetfield of
Metallica (pictured in 2008). Metallica's early work is regarded as essential to the development of the genre in the 1980s.
Thrash Metal
–
Venom 's early work is considered a major influence on thrash metal.
Thrash Metal
–
Slayer (pictured in 2007) released
Reign in Blood in 1986, considered a landmark achievement in the genre's history.
Thrash Metal
–
Sepultura, a key band of the Brazilian thrash metal scene
49.
Megadeth
–
Megadeth is an American thrash metal band from Los Angeles, California. Guitarist Dave Mustaine and bassist David Ellefson formed the band in 1983 shortly after Mustaines dismissal from Metallica. A pioneer of the American thrash metal scene, the band is credited as one of the big four with Anthrax, Metallica and Slayer, responsible for thrash metals development. Megadeth plays in a style, featuring fast rhythm sections. Themes of death, war, politics and religion are prominent in the song lyrics, in 1985, the band released its debut album on the independent label Combat Records. The albums moderate commercial success caught the attention of bigger labels and their first major-label album, Peace Sells. But Whos Buying. was released in 1986 and influenced the underground metal scene, despite its prominence in thrash metal, frequent disputes between its members and substance abuse issues brought Megadeth negative publicity during this period. After the lineup stabilized, the released a number of platinum-selling albums, including Rust in Peace. These albums, along with touring worldwide, helped bring recognition to Megadeth. The band temporarily disbanded in 2002 when Mustaine suffered an arm injury and re-established in 2004 without bassist Ellefson, Ellefson settled with Mustaine out of court and rejoined the group in 2010. Megadeth has hosted its own festival, Gigantour, several times since mid-2005. As of 2014, Megadeth had sold 50 million records worldwide, earned platinum certification in the United States for five of its fifteen studio albums, Megadeth won its first Grammy Award in 2017 for the song Dystopia in the Best Metal Performance category. The bands mascot, Vic Rattlehead, regularly appears on album artwork and, since 2010, the group has experienced controversy over its musical approach and lyrics, including canceled concerts and album bans. MTV has refused to play two of the videos that the network considered to condone suicide. As Metallicas lead guitarist since 1982, Mustaine had composed some of the early songs. Afterward, Mustaine vowed revenge by forming a band that was faster and heavier than Metallica. On the bus back to Los Angeles, Mustaine found a pamphlet by California senator Alan Cranston that read. The term Megadeath stuck with Mustaine and he wrote a song with the slightly changed to Megadeth
Megadeth
–
Megadeth in 2010. From left to right:
David Ellefson,
Dave Mustaine,
Shawn Drover and
Chris Broderick. In the background artwork is mascot
Vic Rattlehead.
Megadeth
–
Mustaine dissolved Megadeth in 2002, following his arm injury that disabled him to play guitar.
Megadeth
–
Megadeth's 2004–06 lineup:
Shawn Drover,
James MacDonough,
Dave Mustaine and
Glen Drover
Megadeth
–
James LoMenzo was Megadeth's bassist from 2006 to 2010.
50.
Rust in Peace
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Rust in Peace is the fourth studio album by the American thrash metal band Megadeth, released on September 24,1990 by Capitol Records. Following the departure of band members Jeff Young and Chuck Behler in 1989, Rust in Peace was the first album to feature guitarist Marty Friedman and drummer Nick Menza. Rust in Peace received universal acclaim from fans and critics, and was responsible for bringing Megadeth to the attention of a metal audience. It has been cited as one of the best thrash metal records of all time by such as Decibel and Kerrang. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance at the 33rd Grammy Awards, two singles were released from the album, Hangar 18 and Holy Wars. The Punishment Due, which have become staples of the bands live performances. Rust in Peace features complex musical structures and lyrical themes such as nuclear war, the albums cover art references Hangar 18. A remixed and remastered version featuring four tracks was released in 2004. In 2010, the band announced a North American tour to commemorate the albums 20th anniversary, the performance at the Hollywood Palladium was filmed and released as Rust in Peace Live on CD, DVD and Blu-ray later that year. In 1988, Megadeth appeared at the Monsters of Rock festival at Donington Park in the UK, alongside Iron Maiden, Kiss, Helloween, Guns N Roses, and David Lee Roth. Further issues within the band caused frontman and guitarist Dave Mustaine to fire drummer Chuck Behler and guitarist Jeff Young, Nick Menza, previously Behlers drum tech, was hired as the bands new drummer. According to Mustaine, one of the last guitarists he had heard about, Marty Friedman, had sent him a copy of Dragons Kiss, upon listening to the record, Mustaine had Friedman come in to audition and hired him. This would become the bands first stable line-up, the title Rust in Peace was inspired by a bumper sticker that Mustaine saw on the back of a vehicle while driving home from Lake Elsinore, California. The sticker read, May all your nuclear weapons rust in peace, Mustaine liked the concept and decided to use it as a title for Megadeths upcoming album. Rust in Peace was recorded in Rumbo Studios with producer Mike Clink, Clink was brought in for his work in both Guns N Roses Appetite for Destruction and UFOs Strangers in the Night. The producers work dealt mostly with the bass, drums and Friedmans guitar, the album artwork was created by artist Ed Repka, who previously had done the cover for Peace Sells. It references Hangar 18, and depicts band mascot Vic Rattlehead, in addition to creating the albums cover, Repka also supplied artwork for the albums two singles. Rust in Peace features songs with sections, shifting time signatures and intricate guitar performance. In this regard, the album has been compared with Metallicas 1988 album. And Justice for All, Mustaine has said that at a show in Antrim, Northern Ireland, he discovered bootlegged Megadeth T-shirts were on sale
Rust in Peace
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Rust in Peace
Rust in Peace
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Dave Mustaine in Moscow during the album's 20th anniversary tour.
Hollywood/Vine
