1.
Ant-Man (film)
Ant-Man is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics characters of the same name, Scott Lang and Hank Pym. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the twelfth film of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The film was directed by Peyton Reed, with a screenplay by Edgar Wright & Joe Cornish and Adam McKay & Paul Rudd, Anthony Mackie, Wood Harris, Judy Greer, David Dastmalchian, and Michael Douglas. In Ant-Man, Lang must help defend Pyms Ant-Man shrinking technology, development of Ant-Man began in April 2006, with the hiring of Wright to direct and co-write with Cornish. By April 2011, Wright and Cornish had completed three drafts of the script and Wright shot test footage for the film in July 2012, pre-production began in October 2013 after being put on hold so that Wright could complete The Worlds End. Casting began in December 2013, with the hiring of Rudd to play Lang, in May 2014, Wright left the project, citing creative differences, though he still received screenplay and story credits with Cornish, as well as an executive producer credit.
The following month, Reed was brought in to replace Wright, principal photography took place between August and December 2014 in San Francisco and Metro Atlanta. Ant-Man held its premiere in Los Angeles on June 29,2015. A sequel, titled Ant-Man and the Wasp, is scheduled to be released on July 6,2018, in 1989, scientist Hank Pym resigns from S. H. I. E. L. D. After discovering their attempt to replicate his Ant-Man shrinking technology, believing the technology is dangerous, Pym vows to hide it as long as he lives. In the present day, Pyms estranged daughter, Hope van Dyne, Cross is close to perfecting a shrinking suit of his own, the Yellowjacket, which horrifies Pym. Upon his release from prison, well-meaning thief Scott Lang moves in with his old cellmate, Lang visits his daughter Cassie unannounced and is chastised by his former wife Maggie and her police-detective fiancé, for not providing child support. Unable to hold a job because of his record, Lang agrees to join Luis crew. Lang breaks into a house and cracks its safe, but only finds what he believes to be an old motorcycle suit, after trying the suit on, Lang accidentally shrinks himself to the size of an insect.
Terrified by the experience, he returns the suit to the house, the homeowner, visits Lang in jail and smuggles the suit into his cell to help him break out. Pym, who manipulated Lang through an unknowing Luis into stealing the suit as a test, having been spying on Cross after discovering his intentions, van Dyne helps Pym train Lang to fight and to control ants. Pym warns Lang that he could suffer a similar fate if he overrides his suits regulator and they send him to steal a device that will aid their heist from the Avengers headquarters, where he briefly fights Sam Wilson. Cross perfects the Yellowjacket and hosts a ceremony at Pym Technologies headquarters
2.
Space Mountain
Space Mountain is the name of a space-themed indoor roller coaster attraction located at five of the Magic Kingdom-style Disney Parks. Although all five versions of the attraction are different in nature, the first Space Mountain ride opened in 1975 at Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, and similar attractions were eventually built at the other Disney parks. The Space Mountain concept was a descendant of the first Disney mountain attraction, the Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland, the Matterhorns success had convinced Walt Disney that thrilling rides did have a place in his park. WED partnered with Arrow Development Company, the company that had helped design the Matterhorns roller coaster systems years before. Walt Disneys death in December 1966 and the new emphasis on preparing for the newly announced Disney World project forced WED to put aside the design of Space Mountain indefinitely. The Magic Kingdoms early success, and its popularity with teens and young adults. A new Matterhorn Bobsleds attraction was considered, but it wouldnt fit within Floridas Fantasyland, designers returned to designing Space Mountain.
The Magic Kingdoms Tomorrowland had the amount of available land. However, it was decided the mountain would be built outside the park, Space Mountain opened on January 15,1975. The success of Walt Disney Worlds Space Mountain prompted designers to revisit their original plan to one for Disneyland. After two years of construction, the $20 million complex opened on May 27,1977, including the roller coaster,1, 100-seat Space Stage, 670-seat Space Place and Starcade. Six of the original seven Mercury astronauts attended Space Mountains opening — Scott Carpenter, Gordon Cooper, Senator John Glenn, Wally Schirra, Alan Shepard, the lone exception was Gus Grissom, who had died in the Apollo 1 fire ten years earlier. Largely due in part to the opening of Space Mountain, the Memorial Day day attendance record was set, Space Mountain at Disneyland was designed by Bill Watkins of Walt Disney Imagineering, including a tubular steel track design awarded U. S. The track layout was different from that in Florida because of limitations in the California park.
Space Mountain at Tokyo Disneyland opened with the park on April 15,1983 and it was the first version of Space Mountain to open concurrently with the park. From its opening in 1983 and until late 2006, Tokyo Disneylands Space Mountain was an almost exact clone of Disneylands Space Mountain. The ride was redesigned to have a more sci-fi futuristic look to it, with new effects. Like its Walt Disney World counterpart, there is no audio to the seats
3.
Hong Kong Disneyland
Hong Kong Disneyland is a theme park located on reclaimed land in Pennys Bay, Lantau Island. It is the first theme park located inside the Hong Kong Disneyland Resort and it is, together with Ocean Park Hong Kong, one of the two large theme parks in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Disneyland opened to visitors on Monday,12 September 2005 at 13,00 HKT, for instance, a bend was put in a walkway near the Hong Kong Disneyland Resort entrance so good qi energy wouldnt flow into the South China Sea. The park consists of seven themed areas, Main Street, U. S. A, Adventureland, Grizzly Gulch, Mystic Point, and Toy Story Land. The theme parks cast members speak Cantonese and Mandarin, guide maps are printed in traditional and simplified Chinese as well as English, Thai and Indonesian. The park has a capacity of 34,000 visitors — the fewest of all Disneyland parks. The park attracted 5.2 million visitors in its first year, visitor numbers fell 20% in the second year to 4 million, inciting criticisms from local legislators.
However, the park attendance jumped by 8% in the third year, in 2009, the park attendance again increased by 2% to 4.8 million visitors. The attendance continued to surge and received 5.23 million guests in the 2009/2010 fiscal year, since the opening of Hong Kong Disneyland, the theme park has hosted over 25 million guests. According to AECOM and TEA, Hong Kong Disneyland is the 13th most visited park in the world in 2013. The park turned a net profit of HK$109 million for the year ended 29 September 2012, Hong Kong Disneyland currently occupies 27.5186 hectares and hosts 7.92 million to 8.92 million visitors annually. The park capacity will increase to handle up to 10 million visitors annually over a 15-year expansion period, to all who come to this happy place, welcome. Many years ago, Walt Disney introduced the world to enchanted realms of fantasy and adventure and tomorrow, today that spirit of imagination and discovery comes to life in Hong Kong. Pennys Bay was filled in to land for the construction of Hong Kong Disneyland.
The bay was previously undeveloped except for the Cheoy Lee Shipyard, Chief Executive of Hong Kong Tung Chee Hwa was instrumental in introducing the Disneyland project to Hong Kong. When the SARS epidemic devastated the economy in 2003, it was hoped that the new Disneyland would help boost confidence in Hong Kongs tourism industry. Hong Kong Disneyland had one of the shortest construction periods of any Disneyland-style theme park, on 12 January 2003, more than 400 guests celebrated the groundbreaking of Hong Kong Disneyland after the finishing of land reclamation in Pennys Bay. On 23 September 2004, a special castle topping ceremony was held in the park to commemorate the placing of the tallest turret on Sleeping Beauty Castle, Beijing declared its significant support by sending Zeng Qinghong as Vice President of the Peoples Republic of China
4.
Tomorrowland
Tomorrowland is one of the many themed lands featured at all of the Magic Kingdom styled Disney theme parks around the world owned or licensed by The Walt Disney Company. Each version of the land is different and features attractions that depict views of the future. Disneyland Park in Paris includes an area called Discoveryland, which shares some elements with other Tomorrowlands. Walt Disney was known for his futurist views and, through his television programs, Tomorrowland was the realized culmination of his views. In his own words, Tomorrow can be a wonderful age and our scientists today are opening the doors of the Space Age to achievements that will benefit our children and generations to come. The Tomorrowland attractions have been designed to give you an opportunity to participate in adventures that are a living blueprint of our future and it is this movement into the future that has, on occasion, left Tomorrowland mired in the past. Disneylands Tomorrowland is now in its generation, and the Magic Kingdoms Tomorrowland is in its second.
The Walt Disney Company has mentioned that it wanted to keep Tomorrowland from becoming Yesterdayland, a vista into a world of wondrous ideas, signifying Mans achievements. A step into the future, with predictions of constructed things to come, Tomorrow offers new frontiers in science and ideals. The Atomic Age, the challenge of Outer Space and the hope for a peaceful, during the dedication, Walt Disney started speaking, was told that he wasnt yet on air, and had to restart once the television viewers were watching. The first Tomorrowland opened at Disneyland on July 17,1955, with several of its planned attractions open. The construction of the park was rushed, so Tomorrowland was the last land to be finished and it became something of a corporate showcase, despite Walt Disneys reluctance. Monsanto Company, American Motors, Richfield Oil, and Dutch Boy Paint were some of the companies to open showcases in Tomorrowland in the first few years. Since the park was on a budget, one cost-cutting idea was to reuse the sets of the Nautilus from Disneys 1954 movie 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea as a walkthrough attraction.
For the first four years, most of Tomorrowland was generally open space, the area gained more attractions as time passed, many of which have since been removed. When Disneyland opened, Tomorrowland represented the future in the year 1986, Tomorrowlands showpiece was the TWA Moonliner, derived from Disneys Man In Space television episodes developed in the 1950s. The Moonliner was the tallest structure in the park at the time, the Moonliner hosted Rocket To The Moon which was a ride to the moon. The entrance showpiece was the clock of the showing the time anywhere on earth
5.
Frank Wells
Franklin G. Frank Wells was an American businessman who served as President of the Walt Disney Company from 1984 until his death in 1994. He was a 1953 recipient of a Rhodes Scholarship, through which he obtained his BA at Oxford University, Wells was born in Coronado, California. Before his tenure with Disney, Wells had worked for Warner Bros. as its Vice President of West Coast in 1969, in 1973 as President, and in 1977 as Vice Chairman until he left the company in 1982. Only Everest eluded him, as bad weather forced his party to give up one day,3000 feet before reaching the summit. His partner in the Seven Summits attempt, Dick Bass, an entrepreneur who developed Snowbird ski resort in Utah, made it up all seven peaks, Wells died in a helicopter crash on Easter 1994 while returning from a ski trip in Nevadas Ruby Mountains. He was a friend of Clint Eastwood, who had been skiing with Wells that weekend. Eastwood left in his own helicopter just an hour before Wells departure, Wells was buried in Forest Lawn - Hollywood Hills Cemetery.
Eastwood sang a tribute of the Beatles Hey Jude to him, NTSB Report on the helicopter crash Frank Wells at Find a Grave
6.
Disneyland Railroad
Its route is 1.2 miles in length and encircles the vast majority of the park, with stations in the Main Street, U. S. A. New Orleans Square, Mickeys Toontown, and Tomorrowland sections, the rail line, which was built by WED Enterprises, is operated with two steam locomotives built by WED Enterprises and three historic steam locomotives originally built by Baldwin Locomotive Works. Its trains take around eighteen minutes to complete a trip on its main line when three trains are running and twenty minutes when four trains are running. A minimum of two trains and a maximum of four trains are in daily, and three trains are in service on a typical day. The Disneyland Railroad opened to the public for the first time on July 17,1955, with an estimated 6.6 million passengers served each year, the DRR has become one of the worlds most popular steam-powered railroads. The DRR temporarily closed on January 11,2016 to accommodate the construction of Star Wars Land and is scheduled to reopen in summer 2017, Walt Disney, the creator of the concepts for Disneyland and the Disneyland Railroad, always had a strong fondness for trains.
As a teenager, he obtained a job as a butcher on the Missouri Pacific Railway, selling various products to train passengers including newspapers, candy. Starting in late 1947, he began to develop an interest in model trains after purchasing several Lionel train sets,173, a steam locomotive rebuilt by the Central Pacific Railroad in 1872. The Lilly Belle first ran on the Carolwood Pacific Railroad on May 7,1950, believing that there would be limited visitor capacity for the attraction, recommended to Disney that he make the train bigger in scale. After financing for Disneyland was secured and all of the parcels of land at the Anaheim site were purchased, construction of the park, the DRR was known by that name until September 30,1974 when the AT&SF Railways sponsorship ended. The No.2 locomotive would pull six 1890s-style passenger cars designed by Bob Gurr, consisting of a car, four coaches. The No.1 locomotive would pull six freight cars consisting of three cars, two gondolas, and a caboose.
Both locomotives were designed to run on oil for fuel to generate steam. The two original DRR trains cost over US$240,000 to build, with the two locomotives costing over US$40,000 each. Before the opening of Disneyland, a station in the Main Street, U. S. A. section, besides the depot building, the DRRs functioning water tower was built at Frontierland Station. S. Vilmer designed the operations of the DRR in such a way that each of its two trains would be assigned to a station on the rail line, making only complete round trips possible. The Retlaw 1 passenger train pulled by the No.2 locomotive only serviced Main Street, Station while the Retlaw 2 freight train pulled by the No. The first test run of the DRRs trains along the length of its route occurred on July 10,1955
7.
Walt Disney Imagineering
Imagineering is responsible for designing and building Disney theme parks, cruise ships, and other entertainment venues at all levels of project development. Imagineering manages various properties held by units within the Walt Disney Company including Disneys Burbank Studios, New Amsterdam Theater, when Disney was in the sports team ownership that included Edison Field and the Mighty Ducks Disney Ice practice rink in Anaheim. Disney filed for a copyright for the term in 1967, claiming first use of the term in 1962, Walt Disney Inc. was formed by Walt Disney in 1953 with the Disneyland designing engineering division. In light of objections from Roy as well as those of potential stockholders, in 1961, WED moved into the Grand Central Business Park, the site of the former Grand Central Air Terminal, in 1961. The unit was renamed as of January 1986 to Walt Disney Imagineering, in 1996, Disney Development Company, the Disney conglomerates real estate development subsidiary, merged into Imagineering.
Imagineering created Disney Fair, a U. S. traveling attraction, with poor attendance, the fair was pulled after a few stops. Disney Entertainment Projects Inc. a new Disney Asian Pacific subsidiary, by 1997, Imagineers were in several buildings in Grand Central Business Park when Disney purchased the park. In September 1999, Disney Imagineering announced the Grand Central Creative Campus redesign of the park with a new office-studio complex anchored by Disney Imagineering. Some of the building were demolished to make way for new buildings, the additional space would be for sound stages, production facilities and offices. Imagineers are governed by a few key principles when developing new concepts, new concepts and improvements are created to fulfill specific needs. Many solutions to problems are designed in this way, such as the vehicle of the attraction Soarin Over California. An Imagineer found an Erector set in his attic, and was able to envision, Imagineers are known for returning to ideas for attractions and shows that, for whatever reason, never came to fruition.
These ideas are often reworked and appear in a different form – like the Museum of the Weird, there is the principle of blue sky speculation, a process where Imagineers generate ideas with no limitations. The custom at Imagineering has been to start the process with what is referred to as eyewash--the boldest, best idea one can come up with. Many Imagineers consider this to be the beginning of the design process and operate under the notion that if it can be dreamt. Imagineers are always seeking to improve upon their work--what Walt Disney called plussing and he firmly believed that Disneyland will never be completed as long as theres imagination left in the world, meaning there is always room for innovation and improvement. During an Imagineering workshop in 1991, Marty Sklar presented ten commandments attributed to Mickey Steinberg, WDI is responsible for technological advances such as the Circle-Vision 360° film technique and the FastPass virtual queuing system. The idea sprang from Disney’s fascination with a bird he purchased in New Orleans
8.
4-4-0
Almost every major railroad that operated in North America in the first half of the 19th century owned and operated locomotives of this type. The first use of the name American to describe locomotives of this arrangement was made by Railroad Gazette in April 1872. Prior to that, this arrangement was known as a standard or eight-wheeler. This locomotive type was so successful on railroads in the United States of America that many earlier 4-2-0 and 2-4-0 locomotives were rebuilt as 4-4-0s by the middle of the 19th century. Several 4-4-0 tank locomotives were built, but the vast majority of locomotives of this arrangement were tender engines. Campbell, at the time the engineer for the Philadelphia. Campbell received a patent for the design in February 1836 and soon set to building the first 4-4-0. At the time, Campbells 4-4-0 was a giant among locomotives and its cylinders had a 14 inches bore with a 16 inches piston stroke, it boasted 54 inches diameter driving wheels, could maintain 90 pounds per square inch of steam pressure and weighed 12 short tons.
Campbells locomotive was estimated to be able to pull a train of 450 short tons at 15 miles per hour on level track, outperforming the strongest of Baldwins 4-2-0s in tractive effort by about 63%. However, the frame and driving gear of his locomotive proved to be too rigid for the railroads of the time, the most obvious cause was the lack of a weight equalizing system for the drivers. At about the time as Campbell was building his 4-4-0. This locomotive, named Hercules, was completed in 1837 for the Beaver Meadow Railroad and it was built with a leading bogie that was separate from the locomotive frame, making it much more suitable for the tight curves and quick grade changes of early railroads. The Hercules initially suffered from poor tracking, which was corrected by giving it an effective springing system when returned to its builder for remodeling. Norris Locomotive Works built that companys first 4-4-0 in 1839, followed by Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works, the Locks and Canals Machine Shop and the Newcastle Manufacturing Company in 1840.
After Henry Campbell sued other manufacturers and railroads for infringing on his patent, as the 1840s progressed, the design of the 4-4-0 changed little, but the dimensions of a typical example of this type increased. The boiler was lengthened, drivers grew in diameter and the firegrate was increased in area, in the 1850s, locomotive manufacturers began extending the wheelbase of the leading bogie and the drivers as well as the tender bogies. By placing the axles farther apart, manufacturers were able to mount a wider boiler completely above the wheels that extended beyond the sides of the wheels and this gave newer locomotives increased heating and steaming capacity, which translated to higher tractive effort. It was in this decade that 4-4-0 locomotives had assumed the appearance for which they would be most recognized by railways, the 4-4-0 was soon supplanted by bigger designs, like the 2-6-0 and 2-8-0, even though the 4-4-0 wheel arrangement was still favored for express services
9.
Steam locomotive
A steam locomotive is a railway locomotive that produces its pulling power through a steam engine. These locomotives are fueled by burning combustible material—usually coal, the steam moves reciprocating pistons which are mechanically connected to the locomotives main wheels. Both fuel and water supplies are carried with the locomotive, either on the locomotive itself or in wagons pulled behind, the first steam locomotive, made by Richard Trevithick, first operated on 21 February 1804, three years after the road locomotive he made in 1801. The first practical steam locomotive was built in 1812-13 by John Blenkinsop, Steam locomotives were first developed in Great Britain during the early 19th century and used for railway transport until the middle of the 20th century. From the early 1900s they were superseded by electric and diesel locomotives, with full conversions to electric. The majority of locomotives were retired from regular service by the 1980s, though several continue to run on tourist.
The earliest railways employed horses to draw carts along railway tracks, in 1784, William Murdoch, a Scottish inventor, built a small-scale prototype of a steam road locomotive. An early working model of a rail locomotive was designed and constructed by steamboat pioneer John Fitch in the US during 1794. His steam locomotive used interior bladed wheels guided by rails or tracks, the model still exists at the Ohio Historical Society Museum in Columbus. The authenticity and date of this locomotive is disputed by some experts, accompanied by Andrew Vivian, it ran with mixed success. The design incorporated a number of important innovations that included using high-pressure steam which reduced the weight of the engine, Trevithick visited the Newcastle area in 1804 and had a ready audience of colliery owners and engineers. The visit was so successful that the railways in north-east England became the leading centre for experimentation. Trevithick continued his own steam propulsion experiments through another trio of locomotives, Four years later, the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca by Matthew Murray for the edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway debuted in 1812.
Another well known early locomotive was Puffing Billy built 1813–14 by engineer William Hedley and it was intended to work on the Wylam Colliery near Newcastle upon Tyne. This locomotive is the oldest preserved, and is on display in the Science Museum. George Stephenson built Locomotion No.1 for the Stockton and Darlington Railway, north-east England, in 1829, his son Robert built in Newcastle The Rocket which was entered in and won the Rainhill Trials. This success led to the company emerging as the pre-eminent builder of locomotives used on railways in the UK, US. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened a year making exclusive use of power for passenger
10.
Narrow-gauge railway
A narrow-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge narrower than the 1,435 mm of standard gauge railways. Most existing narrow-gauge railways are between 600 mm and 1,067 mm, narrow-gauge railways have specialized use in mines and other environments where a very small structure gauge makes a very small loading gauge necessary. Narrow-gauge railways have general applications. Many narrow-gauge street tramways are used, particularly in Europe, where 1,000 mm metre gauge tramways are common, the earliest recorded railway is shown in the De re metallica of 1556, which shows a mine in Bohemia with a railway of about 2 ft gauge. During the 16th century, railways were mainly restricted to hand-pushed narrow-gauge lines in mines throughout Europe, during the 17th century, mine railways were extended to provide transportation above ground. These lines were industrial, connecting mines with nearby transportation points and these railways were usually built to the same narrow gauge as the mine railways from which they developed.
The worlds first steam locomotive on rails, built in 1802 by Richard Trevithick for the Coalbrookdale Company, during the 1820s and 1830s, a number of industrial narrow-gauge railways in the United Kingdom used steam locomotives. In 1842, the first narrow-gauge steam locomotive outside the UK was built for the 1,100 mm gauge Antwerp-Ghent Railway in Belgium, many narrow-gauge railways were built as part of specific industrial enterprises and were primarily industrial railways rather than general carriers. Some common uses for these industrial narrow-gauge railways were mining, construction, quarrying, extensive narrow-gauge networks were constructed in many parts of the world for these purposes. For example, mountain logging operations in the 19th century often used narrow-gauge railways to transport logs from mill sites to market, significant sugarcane railways still operate in Cuba, Java, the Philippines, and Queensland. Narrow-gauge railway equipment remains in use for the construction of tunnels.
Extensive narrow-gauge railway systems served the front-line trenches of both sides in World War I and they were a short-lived military application, and after the end of the war, the surplus equipment from these created a small boom in narrow gauge railway building in Europe. Narrow-gauge railways usually cost less to build because they are lighter in construction, using smaller cars and locomotives, as well as smaller bridges, smaller tunnels. Narrow gauge is often used in mountainous terrain, where the savings in civil engineering work can be substantial. It is used in populated areas where the potential demand is too low for broader gauge railways to be economically viable. This is the case in some of Australia and most of Southern Africa, the use of such railways has almost vanished due to the capabilities of modern trucks. In many countries, narrow gauge railways were built as feeder or branch lines to feed traffic to more important standard gauge lines, the choice was often not between a narrow-gauge railway and a standard gauge one, but between a narrow-gauge railway and none at all.
Some bulk commodities, such as coal and gravel, can be transshipped, but this still incurs time penalties
