Hong Liangji, courtesy names Junzhi (君直) and Zhicun (稚存), was a Chinese scholar, statesman, political theorist, and philosopher. He was most famous for his critical essay to the Qianlong Emperor, which resulted in his banishment to Yili in Xinjiang. In modern times, he is best remembered for his essay Zhi Ping Pian on population growth and its sociopolitical consequence, in which he raised many of the same issues that were raised by Malthus writing during the same period in England.

Thomas Robert Malthus was an English economist, cleric, and scholar influential in the fields of political economy and demography.