1.
Buenos Aires
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Buenos Aires is the capital and most populous city of Argentina. The city is located on the shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata. The city of Buenos Aires is neither part of Buenos Aires Province nor the Provinces capital, rather, in 1880, after decades of political infighting, Buenos Aires was federalized and removed from Buenos Aires Province. The city limits were enlarged to include the towns of Belgrano and Flores, the 1994 constitutional amendment granted the city autonomy, hence its formal name, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Its citizens first elected a chief of government in 1996, previously, Buenos Aires is considered an alpha city by the study GaWC5. Buenos Aires quality of life was ranked 81st in the world and one of the best in Latin America in 2012 and it is the most visited city in South America, and the second-most visited city of Latin America. Buenos Aires is a top tourist destination, and is known for its preserved Spanish/European-style architecture, Buenos Aires held the 1st Pan American Games in 1951 as well as hosting two venues in the 1978 FIFA World Cup. Buenos Aires will host the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics and the 2018 G20 summit, Buenos Aires is a multicultural city, being home to multiple ethnic and religious groups. Several languages are spoken in the city in addition to Spanish, contributing to its culture, the hill was known to them as Buen Ayre, as it was free of the foul smell prevalent in the old city, which is adjacent to swampland. During the siege of Cagliari, the Aragonese built a sanctuary to the Virgin Mary on top of the hill, in 1335, King Alfonso the Gentle donated the church to the Mercedarians, who built an abbey that stands to this day. In the years after that, a story circulated, claiming that a statue of the Virgin Mary was retrieved from the sea after it miraculously helped to calm a storm in the Mediterranean Sea, the statue was placed in the abbey. Spanish sailors, especially Andalusians, venerated this image and frequently invoked the Fair Winds to aid them in their navigation, a sanctuary to the Virgin of Buen Ayre would be later erected in Seville. Pedro de Mendoza called the city Holy Mary of the Fair Winds, mendoza’s settlement soon came under attack by indigenous people, and was abandoned in 1541. For many years, the name was attributed to a Sancho del Campo, a second settlement was established in 1580 by Juan de Garay, who sailed down the Paraná River from Asunción. Garay preserved the name chosen by Mendoza, calling the city Ciudad de la Santísima Trinidad y Puerto de Santa María del Buen Aire. The short form Buenos Aires became the common usage during the 17th century, the usual abbreviation for Buenos Aires in Spanish is Bs. As. It is common as well to refer to it as B. A. or BA /ˌbiːˈeɪ/ bee-AY), while BA is used more by expats residing in the city, the locals more often use the abbreviation Baires, in one word. Seaman Juan Díaz de Solís, navigating in the name of Spain, was the first European to reach the Río de la Plata in 1516 and his expedition was cut short when he was killed during an attack by the native Charrúa tribe in what is now Uruguay
2.
Argentina
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Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a federal republic in the southern half of South America. With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2, Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second largest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country is subdivided into provinces and one autonomous city, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system, Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands, and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The earliest recorded presence in the area of modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century, Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776. The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with waves of European immigration radically reshaping its cultural. The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the seventh wealthiest developed nation in the world by the early 20th century, Argentina retains its historic status as a middle power in international affairs, and is a prominent regional power in the Southern Cone and Latin America. Argentina has the second largest economy in South America, the third-largest in Latin America and is a member of the G-15 and it is the country with the second highest Human Development Index in Latin America with a rating of very high. Because of its stability, market size and growing high-tech sector, the description of the country by the word Argentina has to be found on a Venice map in 1536. In English the name Argentina probably comes from the Spanish language, however the naming itself is not Spanish, Argentina means in Italian of silver, silver coloured, probably borrowed from the Old French adjective argentine of silver > silver coloured already mentioned in the 12th century. The French word argentine is the form of argentin and derives of argent silver with the suffix -in. The Italian naming Argentina for the country implies Argentina Terra land of silver or Argentina costa coast of silver, in Italian, the adjective or the proper noun is often used in an autonomous way as a substantive and replaces it and it is said lArgentina. The name Argentina was probably first given by the Venitian and Genoese navigators, in Spanish and Portuguese, the words for silver are respectively plata and prata and of silver is said plateado and prateado. Argentina was first associated with the silver mountains legend, widespread among the first European explorers of the La Plata Basin. The first written use of the name in Spanish can be traced to La Argentina, a 1602 poem by Martín del Barco Centenera describing the region, the 1826 constitution included the first use of the name Argentine Republic in legal documents. The name Argentine Confederation was also used and was formalized in the Argentine Constitution of 1853. In 1860 a presidential decree settled the name as Argentine Republic
3.
Puerto Madero
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From its inception, the city of Buenos Aires had a problem accommodating large cargo ships, as per Puerto La Boca, because the shallow river did not allow for direct docking. Instead ships were moored away from the shore and passengers and merchandise were unloaded onto barges and ferries for transport to the pier, in 1882 the national government contracted the local businessman Eduardo Madero to take charge of the construction of a new port which would solve these problems. Construction began in 1887 and was completed in 1897, although the installed fittings had been partially operative some years before completion of the port. It was a project and an engineering landmark at the time. His plans resulted in the Puerto Nuevo, still operating today, the New Port of Buenos Aires was completed in 1926, making the existing Madero docks superfluous. Though these continued to serve in ancillary port functions, the zone gradually decayed, becoming one of the citys most degraded areas, having as objective the urbanization of the area, the federal and city governments participated as egalitarian partners. The 170 hectares of the place had overlapping jurisdictions, the General Administration of Ports, Argentine railroads, today one of the trendiest boroughs in Buenos Aires, it has become the preferred address for growing numbers of young professionals and retirees, alike. Increasing property prices have also generated interest in the area as a destination for foreign buyers, the neighborhoods road network has been entirely rebuilt, especially in the east side. The layout of the east side consists currently of three wide boulevards running east-west crossed by the east sides main street, Juana Manso Avenue, the layout is completed with some other avenues and minor streets, running both east-west and north-south, and by several pedestrianised streets. Every street in Puerto Madero is named after women, Puerto Madero currently represents the largest urban renewal project in the city of Buenos Aires. Having undergone a revival in merely a decade, it is one of the most successful recent waterfront renewal projects in the world. At Puerto Madero Dock 2 buildings belonging to the Universidad Católica Argentina stand successively to the west, here, there are some bars and coffee shops. Numerous new residential high-rises of up to 50 stories have been facing the Rio de la Plata since 2000. These include Alvear Tower, Renoir Towers, El Faro Towers, Chateau Tower of Puerto Madero, many other high-rises that have recently been inaugurated include the Le Parc Tower and Hilton and River View Towers. Additionally a St. Regis Starwood Hotel is being built in the first dique, where the famous nightclub Opera Bay was formerly located, a large Jumeirah Polo resort will also feature a hotel in Puerto Madero, working conjointly with polo fields outside Buenos Aires. The 2 kilometres Tranvía del Este, inaugurated in 2007 and closed in 2012, served the area running parallel to Alicia Moreau de Justo Avenue, the neighborhood is still not well-connected to the citys transit network. An expressway connecting the north and the south of the city through Puerto Madero has long been in the planning stage, placing the expressway between Puerto Madero and the Buenos Aires Ecological Reserve has also been considered, but has been strongly opposed by environmentalists
4.
Great European immigration wave to Argentina
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The great European immigration wave to Argentina took place in the late 19th and early 20th century. It consisted mostly of Italian and Spanish immigrants, along with other such as Slavs, French, Germans. During this period Argentina saw an increase in population. The European immigrants modified the politics of Argentina by introducing political movements from their countries, such as labor unionism, anarchism. Before the immigration, Argentina was sparsely populated, the Spanish colonization of the Americas favored Mexico and Peru, the southern Spanish regions had no sources of wealth and had lower populations. This population decreased even more in the 19th century, during the Argentine War of Independence, several Argentines from that time period, such as Domingo Faustino Sarmiento and Juan Bautista Alberdi, thought that it was imperative to populate the country. The Constitution of Argentina of 1853 promoted European immigration in its 25th article, as the immigration came from several European countries, there was no single reason that led to the immigrants leaving their home countries. Some of them sought a better lifestyle, but many others escaped from ongoing conflicts within Europe. Spanish immigrants escaped from the Third Carlist War, Argentine migration policy and movements of the European population
5.
Retiro railway station
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Retiro Station is the name given to three railway terminus located in the district of Retiro of Buenos Aires, that are Retiro Mitre, Retiro Belgrano and Retiro San Martín. The stations are terminus of Mitre, Belgrano and San Martín Railways respectively and it is also found in the vicinity of Retiro bus station, the largest bus terminal in the country. The stations are close to the Retiro bus station, the principal long-distance bus terminal in Buenos Aires. The complex is accessible by the C line of the Buenos Aires Metro system. The stations will also be accessible by both Line E and Line H of the metro once their extensions are complete, three stations are located opposite Plaza San Martín, a large park. Retiro is the largest railway complex in Buenos Aires and more commuter trains arrive, long-distance services to Rosario and Tucumán cities. Belgrano Norte service to Villa Rosa, San Martín service calling at Villa Devoto, El Palomar, Hurlingham and Pilar, amongst others. As of 2015, state-owned Trenes Argentinos manages long-distance services to the cities of Córdoba, Tucumán and those services had been run by defunct company Ferrocentral. From the Retiro San Martín station trains depart to Rufino station in Santa Fe Province, media related to Retiro train station at Wikimedia Commons
6.
Yerba mate
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Yerba mate is a species of the holly family, with the botanical name Ilex paraguariensis A. St. -Hil. Named by the French botanist Auguste François César Prouvençal de Saint-Hilaire, Yerba mate is widely known as the source of the beverage called mate. It is also popular among the Druze community in Syria and Lebanon. Yerba mate was initially utilized and cultivated by the Guaraní people and in some Tupí communities in southern Brazil, Yerba mate can also be found in various energy drinks on the market today. Yerba mate, Ilex paraguariensis, begins as a shrub and then matures to a tree, the leaves are evergreen, 7–110 millimetres long and 30–55 millimetres wide, with a serrated margin. The leaves are often called yerba or erva, both of which mean herb and they contain caffeine and also contains related xanthine alkaloids and are harvested commercially. The flowers are small, greenish-white, with four petals, the fruit is a red drupe 4–6 millimetres in diameter. The yerba mate plant is grown and processed in South America, specifically in northern Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, cultivators are known as yerbateros or ervateiros. Seeds used to new plants are harvested from January until April only after they have turned dark purple. After harvest, they are submerged in water in order to eliminate floating non-viable seeds and detritus like twigs, leaves, new plants are started between March and May. For plants established in pots, transplanting takes place April through September, plants with bare roots are transplanted only during the months of June and July. Many of the enemies of yerba mate are difficult to control in a plantation setting. When yerba mate is harvested, the branches are dried by a wood fire. The plant Ilex paraguariensis can vary in strength of the flavor, caffeine levels, female plants tend to be milder in flavor and lower in caffeine. They are also relatively scarce in the areas where yerba mate is planted and cultivated. According to FAO in 2012, Brazil is the biggest producer of mate in the world with 513,256 MT, followed by Argentina with 290,000 MT, sugar may or may not be added, and the mate may be prepared with cold water. Although traditionally made from a calabash gourd, these days mate gourds are produced from a variety of materials including wood, glass, ceramic. Yerba mate is most popular in Uruguay, where people are walking the streets carrying the mate
7.
Immigration to Argentina
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Upon arrival of the Spaniards, the inhabitants of Argentine territory were approximately 300,000 people belonging to many civilizations, cultures and tribes. After the Spanish conquest, an abundant amount of immigrants from all over the world arrived in the country, the history of immigration to Argentina can be divided into several major stages, Spanish colonization starting in the 16th century with the conquest of South America and following colonisation. European immigration in the 19th century focused on colonization and sponsored by the government and this immigration wave made Argentina the country with the second-largest number of immigrants, with 6.6 million, second only to the United States with 27 million. Mostly urban immigration during the era of growth in the late 19th century. The one which came from the west, from Chile, across the Andes, from the cities of Santiago, the one which came from the east, that used the Río de la Plata and its tributaries, especially the Paraná River to settle on the banks thereof. Also, this migration flow settled in Asunción, Paraguay where they colonised much of the region, the Spanish conquistadores and settlers were mainly from Biscay, as well from Galicia and Portugal, founding cities and establishing estancias for supplies of agricultural and livestock products. The scale of operations was reduced, mainly focused on the domestic market, since its unification as a country, Argentine rulers intended the country to welcome immigration. The Preamble of the Constitution dictates a number of goals that apply to all men in the world who wish to dwell on Argentine soil. The Constitution incorporates, along with influences, the thought of Juan Bautista Alberdi. The legal and organizational precedents of todays National Migrations Office can be found in 1825, after the Commission was dissolved, the government of Rosas continued to allow immigration. Urquiza, under whose sponsorship the Constitution was drawn, encouraged the establishment of colonies in the Littoral. The first law dealing with immigration policies was Law 817 of Immigration and Colonization, the General Immigration Office was created in 1898, together with the Hotel de Inmigrantes, in Buenos Aires. However, immigrants did not bring only their knowledge and skills and these laws were a reaction by the ruling elite against imported ideas such as labor unionism, anarchism and other forms of popular organization. The modern National Migrations Office was created by decree on February 4,1949, under the Technical Secretariat of the Presidency, in order to deal with the new post-war immigration scenario. New regulations were added to the Office by Law 22439 of 1981 and a decree of 1994, but the current regulations are the Law 25871 of 2004, the majority of immigrants, since the 19th century, have come from Europe, mostly from Italy and Spain. Also notable were Jewish immigrants escaping persecution, giving Argentina the highest Jewish population in Latin America, and the 7th in all the world. The total population of Argentina rose from 4 million in 1895 to 7.9 million in 1914, Argentine immigration records also mention immigrants from Australia, South Africa and the United States. These trends made Argentina the country with the second-largest number of immigrants, with 6.6 million, most immigrants arrived through the port of Buenos Aires and stayed in the capital or within Buenos Aires Province, as it still happens today
8.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
9.
Palace of the Argentine National Congress
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The Palace of the Argentine National Congress is a monumental building, seat of the Argentine National Congress, located in Buenos Aires at the western end of Avenida de Mayo. Constructed between 1898 and 1906, the palace is a National Historic Landmark, the Kilometre Zero for all Argentine National Highways is marked on a milestone at the Congressional Plaza, next to the building. The idea of a palace was first proposed and decreed in 1895. Designed by the Italian architect Vittorio Meano and completed by Argentine architect Julio Dormal, inaugurated that year, its aesthetic details were not completed until 1946. The edifice was built at a cost of US$6 million allocated by the federal government, the building was officially accepted by Congress on 12 May 1906. As time went by, the building proved too small for its purpose, and in 1974 the construction of the Annex, from 1976 to 1983 the palace housed the Legislative Advisory Commission, which was a group of officers from the three Armed Forces. Congressional Plaza, built by French Argentine urbanist Charles Thays, faces the palace, popular among tourists since its inauguration in 1910, the plaza is also a preferred location for protesters and those who want to voice their opinion about congressional activities. The palace is in Neoclassical style, largely made of marble with elaborately furnished interiors, especially in the Lost Steps Hall. It is crowned by a bronze-plated dome 80 metres in height, weighing 3,000 tonnes and this cupola is supported over a 10 metres deep inverted dome foundation. The dome is lit during Argentina’s national holidays and other special occasions, the main entrance, called the Entrada de Honor, is exclusively used for ceremonial purposes. In front of it is the 8 metres high quadriga sculpture and it is made of bronze and weighs 20 tonnes. The palace used to have a shop in the basement. In 1997, with the first general restoration of facades, representatives of the Government of Buenos Aires promoted the recovery of the statues designed by Lola Mora to crown the entrance to Congress. As the sculptor had personally donated to the government of province of Jujuy, however, at that time the idea did not materialize. Only in 2012, with the new Master Plan, the initiative gained momentum again, on 1 March 2014 replicas of the statues were inaugurated by President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner at the opening of the regular session. Casa Rosada Palace of Justice of the Argentine Nation List of National Historic Monuments of Argentina Web Bibliography International Bureau of the American Republics, Argentine Republic, A Geographical Sketch, with Special Reference to Economic Conditions, Actual Development, and Prospects of Future Growth. This Is Buenos Aires. de Dios Editores
10.
Torre Monumental
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Torre Monumental and before 1982 Torre de los Ingleses is a clock tower located in the barrio of Retiro, Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is situated in the Plaza Fuerza Aérea Argentina next to the Rua San Martín and it was a gift from the local British community to the city in commemoration of the centennial of the May Revolution of 1810. After the Falklands War in 1982, the tower was renamed Torre Monumental, although the centenary monument was initially considered to be a column it ultimately took the form of the tower. The tower was built by Hopkins y Gardom, with materials shipped from England such as the white Portland stone, the technical personnel responsible for the construction also came from England. The sudden death of King Edward VII on May 6,1910, prompted the United Kingdom to cancel its delegation to the Centenary celebrations, and the cornerstone was not laid until November 26. Other delays that followed were due to the late vacationing of the gas company that was installed in the square in 1912 and the outbreak of World War I in 1914. The tower is built in Palladian style, the building is decorated with symbols of the British Empire and features the thistle of Scotland, the English rose, the Welsh dragon, the tower reaches a height of 75.5 m and has eight floors. There are clocks at the 35 m level, and the bells were designed in imitation of the ones at Westminster Abbey, the tower is topped by an octagonal copper roofed cupola. Above the entrance there are the shields of Argentina and Great Britain, bitterness over the defeat in the Falklands War triggered vandalism against the clocks at the time, and a dynamite explosion at the base of the tower, in November 1984. During the government of Mayor Fernando de la Rúa, the tower underwent extensive restoration, public access was restored and a glass lift to the 6th floor, utilising the original British machinery, was opened. In 2006 the building was closed to the public for technical maintenance, official site Photo gallery of the Torre Monumental Datasheet at Towerclocks. org Bricks Imported from England
11.
Buenos Aires Cabildo
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The Buenos Aires Cabildo is the public building in Buenos Aires that was used as seat of the ayuntamiento during the colonial times and the government house of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. Today the building is used as a museum, mayor Manuel de Frías proposed the building of the Cabildo in what is now the Plaza de Mayo on March 3,1608, since the government of the city lacked such a building. Its construction financed with taxes from the port of Buenos Aires, in 1682, due to lack of maintenance, the building was almost in ruins, and the construction of a new Cabildo with 2 stories and 11 arches wide was planned. Construction of the new building did not start until July 23,1725, was suspended in 1728, soon construction was, however, again suspended due to lack of funds. The tower of the new Cabildo was finished in 1764, yet even by the time of the May Revolution in 1810 the Cabildo was still not completely finished. In 1880 the architect Pedro Benoit raised the tower by 10 meters and with a covered with glazed tiles. The tower was demolished nine years later in 1889 to create space for the Avenida de Mayo avenue and the three northernmost arches of the original eleven were demolished. In 1931, to room for the Julio A. Roca avenue. In 1940, the architect Mario Buschiazzo reconstructed the colonial features of the Cabildo using various original documents, the tower, the red tiles, the iron bars on the windows and the wooden windows and doors were all repaired. Currently, the Cabildo hosts the National Museum of the Cabildo, the patio of the Cabildo still has its 1835 ornamental water well. Trofeos de la Reconquista de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires en el Año 1806, Buenos Aires, Litografía, Imprenta y Encuadernación de Guillermo Kraft
12.
Casa Rosada
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La Casa Rosada is the executive mansion and office of the President of Argentina. The palatial mansion is known officially as Casa de Gobierno, normally, the President lives at the Quinta de Olivos, the official residence of the President of Argentina, which is located in Olivos, Buenos Aires Province. The characteristic color of the Casa Rosada is baby pink, and is considered one of the most emblematic buildings in Buenos Aires, the building also houses a museum, which contains objects relating to former presidents of Argentina. It has been declared a National Historic Monument of Argentina and its 1713 replacement by a masonry structure complete with turrets made the spot the effective nerve center of colonial government. Under the direction of British Argentine architect Edward Taylor, the Italianate structure functioned as Buenos Aires largest building from 1859 until the 1890s, an alternative explanation suggests that the original paint contained cows blood to prevent damage from the effects of humidity. Following works to integrate the two structures, Roca had architect Francesco Tamburini build the iconic Italianate archway between the two in 1884. The resulting State House, still known as the Pink House, was completed in 1898 following its eastward enlargement, a Historical Museum was created in 1957 to display presidential memorabilia and selected belongings, such as sashes, batons, books, furniture, and three carriages. The remains of the fort were partially excavated in 1991. Located behind the building, these led to the rerouting of Paseo Colón Avenue. Plans were announced in 2009 for the restoration of surviving portions of Taylors Customs House, the Casa Rosada itself is currently undergoing extensive renovation delayed by the 2001 economic crisis. The work is scheduled for completion on the 2010 bicentennial of the May Revolution that led to independence, in 1536, Don Pedro de Mendoza established a settlement near the mouth of the Riachuelo de los Navíos, called Nuestra Señora del Buen Ayre. It was replaced in 1713 by a solid construction with turrets, sentry boxes, a moat. President Bernardino Rivadavia modified the fort in 1820, and the drawbridge was replaced by a neoclassical portico, the site which was for defence purposes at that time and also seat of the Spanish and Home governments, is where Government House currently stands. In the Pink House Museum one of its cannon holes can be found in part of a room of the Royal Treasurys warehouse. Under the direction of the English architect, Edward Taylor, the New Customs House was built in 1855 back to back with the walls of the Fort. From the central tower at the top of there was a clock. Via two side ramps carts, loaded with goods, accessed the manoeuvring dock and it was used for almost forty years and it was demolished down to the first floor by the Madero Port project and its foundations are buried under what is today Colón Park. President Domingo Sarmiento ordered the construction of the Postal headquarters in 1873 on open ground that had remained after the wing of the Buenos Aires Fort had been demolished
13.
La Chacarita cemetery
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Cementerio de la Chacarita in Buenos Aires, Argentina, is known as the National Cemetery and is the largest in Argentina. The cemetery is in the barrio or district of Chacarita, in the part of Buenos Aires. Its main entrance is on Avenida Guzmán, the cemetery owes its existence to a yellow fever epidemic in 1871, when existing cemeteries were strained beyond capacity. Students of the College of San Carlos appropriated 5 hectares in the adjoining Colegiales area for this purpose, the New Chacarita Cemetery began to function in 1887 and was formally designated as such in 1896. Chacarita Cemetery has designated areas for members of the Argentine artistic community, including writers, the late Justicialist leader and former President Juan Perón was buried here until his remains were relocated in 2006 to a mausoleum in his former home in San Vicente. In the 19th century a number of Britons came to Argentina to work in the many areas of the economy in which England then had extensive interests. At first the British Cemetery was founded beside the Socorro Chapel, in 1833 the cemetery had to move to what was then called Victoria Cemetery until November,1892, when they were asked by the Municipality to move. Section 16 of the Chacarita Cemetery was given in exchange for the Victoria Cemetery, the British Cemetery and the German Cemetery are today not managed by or part of Chacarita Cemetery
14.
Buenos Aires City Hall
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Buenos Aires City Hall is the executive seat of government of the Argentine capital. The 1880 Federalization of Buenos Aires was followed by a boom in trade and European immigration. The cornestone laying ceremony was held on New Years Eve 1890, the works themselves cost the city a modest 150,000 pesos, and were completed in 1892. Inaugurated in March 1893, the new city hall originally housed 860 m² and this problem was ultimately resolved by the 1911 acquisition of an adjacent residential lot, which allowed the expansion of the city hall to nearly double. Designed in the same Second Empire style with which Cagnoni designed the first part, a connection to the adjacent House of Culture was opened following the latters acquisition by the city in 1988. Accordingly, the 1994 reform of the Argentine Constitution included article 129, the Indentente was replaced by a Jefe de Gobierno, and the city council by the Buenos Aires City Legislature. The controversial bill, signed in 1996 by President Menem, remained a point between successive Presidents and Buenos Aires Mayors
15.
Buenos Aires Customs
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The Buenos Aires Customs House is a government building and architectural landmark in the Montserrat section of Buenos Aires. The building was inaugurated by President Figueroa Alcorta in October 1910, following refurbishment works, on September 28,2009, the Customs Building was declared a National Historic Monument by President Cristina Kirchner. The government bureau housed therein, the DGA, traces its origins to the San Nicolás Agreement of 1852, the provision, rejected by the Province of Buenos Aires, was first enforced following Buenos Aires leader Bartolomé Mitres 1860 defeat at the Battle of Cepeda. The National Customs Administration was established in 1862, when following Mitres election as president, the bureaus importance declined after 1945, since which date these revenues have contributed 10-20 percent of the national budget. Ultimately, the bureau was transferred to the Federal Public Revenue Administration by a 1997 decree signed by President Menem
16.
Palacio Duhau - Park Hyatt Buenos Aires
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The Palacio Duhau - Park Hyatt Buenos Aires is a five star establishment located in the citys Recoleta section. The Palacio Duhau - Park Hyatt was built on an Alvear Avenue lot belonging to Alejandro Hume, the property was sold to the Duhau family during the 1920s. The Duhaus - prominent landowners - commissioned architect León Dourge for the design of a new residence adjacent to the old Hume house, inspired in the Château du Marais, the resulting Neoclassical palace and its guesthouse were completed in 1932. The Duhau siblings eventually relocated to the Hume house, however, the palace itself remained empty until, in 2002, local developer Juan Scalesciani purchased the property and secured a partnership with the Hyatt Hotels Group. The Chicago-based hotelier planned a Park Hyatt to replace the Retiro-area highrise sold to the Four Seasons Hotels in 2002. Following a US$74 million investment and numerous delays over privacy concerns regarding the neighboring Vatican nunciature, the palace itself, which preserves most of its original work including its distinctive red marble flooring, houses 11 rooms and 12 of the establishments premium suites. The new annex, constructed at the opposite, eastern end of the gardens, the hotel also includes two restaurants, bar and tea rooms
17.
Estrugamou Building
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The Estrugamou Building is an architecturally significant residential building in the Retiro area of Buenos Aires. The landmark building was commissioned in 1924 by Alejandro Estrugamou, the son of immigrants from the Basses-Pyrénées area of France, conceiving it as an investment property, Estrugamou himself lived in a relatively understated French Baroque mansion, nearby. The Estrugamou was built in four sections, arranged around a patio adorned with a copy of the iconic Winged Victory of Samothrace. Nearly every decorative element of the building was imported from France, inaugurated in 1929, the eight-story Estrugamou Building was one of the few city landmarks to receive no architectural awards at the time of its completion. The Estrugamou building has been described as an oasis of glamour, diplomacy and politics by virtue of its notable residents, domingo Cavallo Carlos Gardel Naela Chohan Jorge Lanata Alejandro Estrugamou Usman W. Chohan Juan Llach Eduardo Sauze August Huguier
18.
Kavanagh building
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The Kavanagh Building is an Art Deco skyscraper in Buenos Aires, located at 1065 Florida Street in the barrio of Retiro, overlooking Plaza San Martín. It was designed in 1934, by local architects Gregorio Sánchez, Ernesto Lagos and Luis María de la Torre, built by the constructor and engineer Rodolfo Cervini, and inaugurated in 1936. Standing at a height of 120 meters, the building is characterised by the austerity of its lines, the lack of external ornamentation, and its large prismatic volumes. It was declared a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1994 and a National Historic Monument by the Argentine government in 1999. Its construction took only 14 months and was commissioned in 1934 by Corina Kavanagh, the building has a towering form, with symmetrical setbacks and gradual surface reductions. It was created from the outside in, adapting outstandingly comfortable facilities to the space available, the structure was carefully designed to be as slender as possible, in order to avoid unnecessary weight, and influenced by the city planning regulations. The design combines Modernism and Art Deco with a Rationalist approach and is considered the apex of early Modernism in Argentina and it was at the time the highest skyscraper in Latin America. As the apartments in the new building were aimed at the middle classes. All 105 apartments contained the latest in technological advances, including air conditioning, twelve Otis elevators. Those on the floors have exquisite terrace gardens with views of the river, parks. Corina Kavanagh lived for years on the 14th floor in the largest apartment. There is a legend says that the shape of the building was designed as a revenge. Corina, who was from a wealthy but not a family, fell in love with the son of the Anchorena family. The Anchorenas, who lived in a palace on the side of Plaza San Martín and had built a church next to the skyscraper. In revenge, Corina made only one demand to the architects, the building is separated from the Plaza Hotel by the passage Corina Kavanagh
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Libertador Building
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The Libertador Building is a government building in Buenos Aires, Argentina, housing the Ministry of Defense. Seeking to remedy this, President Agustín Justo ordered the construction of a new War Ministry, pibernats plans, submitted in 1935, called for twin buildings east and west of the presidential offices at the Casa Rosada. Ultimately, however, these plans were dropped in favor of imposing new headquarters on a 3 ha lot east of the Casa Rosada. Designed by Ministry of Public Works architects Enrique Lopardo, Néstor Pastrana, and Héctor Campini, the structure, designed in French Renaissance style and begun in 1938, was equipped with Siemens elevators and communications networks, whose installation was overseen by German engineers. President Juan Perón renamed the landmark the Edificio Libertador in 1950 to honor the centennial of the death of General José de San Martín. Perón returned to power in 1973, but his break with erstwhile supporters, Defense Minister Nilda Garré ordered the departure of a Technical Cooperation Mission from the United States Armed Forces on April 20,2009. The bureau, but for an interruption in 1973, had occupied offices in the buildings 13th story since the 1960s
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Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral
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The Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral is the main Catholic church in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is located in the city center, overlooking Plaza de Mayo, on the corner of San Martín and Rivadavia streets and it is the mother church of the Archdiocese of Buenos Aires and the primatial church of Argentina. The Cathedral of Buenos Aires was rebuilt several times since its origins in the 16th century. The present building is a mix of styles, with an 18th-century nave and dome. The interior keeps precious 18th-century statues and altarpieces, as well as abundant Neo-Renaissance, during the definitive foundation of Buenos Aires by Juan de Garay in 1580, part of a block facing the main square was reserved for the major church of the town. This is still the location of the current Cathedral, which is the last building in a series of churches that occupied the site. At the time of its foundation, the town depended on the diocese of Asunción, the first main church of Buenos Aires was a modest building made of wood and adobe, and was replaced by a new one in 1605 by Governor Hernandarias. This second building was also in danger of collapse by 1616 and had to be rebuilt again, in 1620, Buenos Aires was made seat of a bishopric by Pope Paul V. Its main church now had the status of a cathedral, after 1662, the cathedral was again rebuilt under bishop Cristóbal de la Mancha y Velazco and governor José Martínez de Salazar, being re-inaugurated in 1671. The cathedral now had three naves covered by a roof and a tower. Due to the bad quality of its materials, the tower. The whole church was rebuilt, starting in 1684, under bishop Azcona Imberto. In 1695 the building was almost finished, with the towers of the façade. In the early 18th century the works were slow, and the first tower was finished only around 1721, the second tower was begun in 1722 and finished around 1725. The main façade was redesigned between 1725 and 1727 by the Italian Jesuit Giovanni Bianchi, the design of the new façade was directly inspired by Italian Mannerist architecture. On the night of May 23,1752, the nave of the cathedral collapsed, the only portions still standing were the façade and towers, but the rest of the building needed to be completely rebuilt once again. Italian architect Antonio Masella was put in charge of the project, Masella designed a majestic church, much larger than the previous structure, with a three-aisled nave covered with barrel vaulting and lateral chapels. A dome was to sit over the crossing, upon completion of the dome, however, fissures in the structure were detected and it had to be rebuilt
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Monument to Giuseppe Garibaldi
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The Monumento a Giuseppe Garibaldi is an equestrian sculpture featuring Giuseppe Garibaldi, located on Plaza Italia, a landmark in the Palermo neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian military and political figure, in his twenties, he joined the Carbonari Italian patriot revolutionaries, and had to flee Italy after a failed insurrection. He then led the Italian Legion in the Uruguayan Civil War and he has been dubbed the Hero of the Two Worlds in tribute to his military expeditions in both South America and Europe. Donated to the city by Italian residents, it was built by Italian sculptor Eugenio Maccagnani as a replica of the one located in Brescia, Italy, and was inaugurated on June 19,1904
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Obelisco de Buenos Aires
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The Obelisco de Buenos Aires is a national historic monument and icon of Buenos Aires. Located in the Plaza de la República in the intersection of avenues Corrientes and 9 de Julio, construction began on March 20,1936, and it was inaugurated on May 23 of the same year. It was designed by architect Alberto Prebisch at the request of the mayor Mariano de Vedia y Mitre, for its construction, which cost 200,000 pesos moneda nacional,680 cubic meters of concrete and 1,360 square meters of Olaen white stone from Córdoba were used. The obelisk was built by the German company G. E. O. P. E, - Siemens Bauunion - Grün & Bilfinger, which completed its work in a record time of 31 days, with 157 workers. The rapid hardening Incor cement was used and was built in sections of 2 meters to facilitate the dumping of concrete. Its height is 67.5 m, and 63 m of these are up to the initiation of the apex, which is 3.5 by 3.5 meters. The tip is blunt, measuring 40 centimeters and ends in a rod that can not be seen because of the height. It has only one entrance and on its top there are four windows, on February 20,1938, Roberto María Ortiz succeeded Justo and appointed Arturo Goyenche as the new mayor of the city. In June 1939 the City Council sanctioned the demolition of the Obelisco, where the Obelisco stands, a church dedicated to St. Nicholas of Bari was previously demolished. In that church the Argentine flag was hoisted for the first time in Buenos Aires,1812. That fact is noted in one of the inscriptions on the side of the monument. When the slabs were removed, a legend that said Its architect was Alberto Prebisch was also removed, in 1973, it was decorated as a Christmas tree. In 1975, during the Peronist government of Isabel Martínez de Perón, although it was allegedly geared against motorists creating excessive noise, it was widely interpreted as a statement calling Argentines to refrain from expressing their political views. Throughout its history, the monument has suffered vandalism, especially politically oriented graffiti, in the 1980s, an activist group broke in and spilled paint from the top windows, causing the city government to erect a fence around its base in 1987. This move stirred controversy, but eventually proved effective in reducing the number of defacing incidents, on 1 November 2005 it was announced that a comprehensive restoration, financed by the Argentine painting and restoration industry association, was finished. The monument was painted with 90-micrometre acrylic paint to a Paris stone hue, on December 1,2005, the obelisk was covered by a giant pink condom to commemorate the World AIDS Day. To commemorate the 30th anniversary of the La Noche de los Lápices, lines B, C, and D of the Buenos Aires Metro have stations near the monument, and are connected by a number of underground passages with commercial galleries. Ahora puede lanzarse la mirada harta de andar rastrera y penitente piedra arriba hacia el Sol omnipotente y descender espiritualizada, rayo de luna o desgarrón de viento en símbolo cuajado y monumento índice, surtidor, llama, palmera
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Palacio Barolo
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Palacio Barolo is a landmark office building, located at 1370 Avenida de Mayo, in the neighborhood of Monserrat, Buenos Aires, Argentina. When it was built it was the tallest building in the city and its twin brother, Palacio Salvo, is a building designed and erected in Eclectic style, but of greater height, built by the same architect in Montevideo. This building was declared a historic monument in 1997. Currently, the building has several agencies, a Spanish school for foreigners. The basic design, in style, was conceived simultaneously with one for the Palacio Salvo in Montevideo. The Palacio Barolo was designed in accordance with the cosmology of Dantes Divine Comedy, there are 22 floors, divided into three sections. The basement and ground floor represent hell, floors 1-14 are the purgatory, the building is 100 meters tall, one meter for each canto of the Divine Comedy. The lighthouse at the top of the building can be all the way in Montevideo. The owner planned to use only 3 floors, and to rent the rest, when completed in 1923 it was the tallest building, not only in the city, but also in the whole of South America. It remained the citys tallest building until 1935 when, on completion, today it houses mainly lawyer offices, a Spanish-language school, and a store that sells Tango clothing. Mimi Bohm, Buenos Aires, Art Nouveau, Ediciones Xavier Verstraeten, Palacio Barolo brochure from a guided tour. Palacio Barolo Website Catalogue of Monuments Photo essay of the palace Pictures Monument to the latin geniuses
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Palacio Haedo
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The Palacio Haedo is a 19th-century building on the Avenida Santa Fe in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was built in the late 19th century as a residence for the Haedo family by architects Passeroni, in 1871, the residence was acquired by Reynaldo Villar and subsequently by Dominga Villar y Cristina Manuela Villar, but soon came under the ownership of the Banco Popular Argentino. Now the headquarters of the parks service, it has been a listed historic monument since 2001. The building was completed in the half of the 19th century as a residence for the well-to-do Haedo family. Mariano Francisco Haedo had made a fortune in railways and banking, designed by the architects Passeroni and Brizuela in the Neo-Gothic style, it first resembled an Italian castle. It was fitted out as a suitable for an aristocratic family and subsequently enhanced with Renaissance trimmings. In 1871, the residence was acquired by Reynaldo Villar and subsequently by Dominga Villar y Cristina Manuela Villar, in October 1942, under President Ramón Castillo, the State bought the building for the national parks directorate. In so doing, it contributed to preserving the surroundings of the Plaza San Martín, bibliotica Francisco P Moreno is also located in this building. Since 2001, under Bill 25.427, the building has been listed as a historic monument
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Pizzurno Palace
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The Pizzurno Palace, as the Sarmiento Palace is commonly known, is an architectural landmark in the Recoleta section of Buenos Aires and the location of the Argentine Ministry of Education. Her 1882 death accordingly left the property to the city, which commissioned German Argentine architects Carlos Adolfo Altgelt, work began in 1886 on the building which, per Mrs. Rojas wishes, would include extensive museum and library facilities, as well. The buildings design was eclectic, inspired by both and French and German Renaissance Revival architecture and it was completed in 1888, and the Petronila Rodríguez de Rojas School was inaugurated in 1893. The buildings location facing leafy Rodríguez Peña Plaza created an oasis in the otherwise bustling Barrio Norte section of the upscale Recoleta ward. A lot immediately to the south of the building was converted into Petronila Rodríguez de Rojas Plaza as a homage to the civic-minded lady during the 1950s. The last dictatorship, which dissolved the Education Council in 1978, transferred the Ministry of Education to the building in 1980
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Plaza Hotel Buenos Aires
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The Plaza Hotel Buenos Aires is a five-star hotel located in the Retiro district, just steps from Calle Florida shopping area and overlooking the Plaza San Martín. The Plaza was originally developed by local landowner and banker Ernesto Tornquist, facing San Martín Square, the nine-story hotel was designed by German born architect Alfred Zucker and built at the northern end of Florida Street. The establishment was inaugurated as the Plaza Hotel on July 15,1909, the hotels developer, Ernesto Tornquist, had died in 1908, however. Touted at the time as the finest hotel in South America, the original 160 rooms and 16 suites each had central heating and telephone access, and all were accessible via elevators. The hotel was furnished at its outset by the prestigious London houses of Thompson & Company. Marble sculptures by Gustav Eberlein of Germany and ceiling frescoes by Julio Vila y Prades of Spain added to the hotels decor, two new wings were added between 1942 and 1948, and additional work completed in 1977 brought the total number of rooms to nearly 400. The hotel was a part of the Inter-Continental Hotels chain from 1981-1982 and was renamed the Plaza Inter-Continental. The Washington, DC-based Marriott Hotels Group assumed management of the hotel in 1994 for a period of 30 years while the property was controlled by Tornquinsts descendants. It was renamed the Marriott Plaza Hotel Buenos Aires, following a US$10 million refurbishment, the establishment was awarded a five star rating. The hotel today maintains 270 rooms and 48 suites and it received a facelift on the occasion of its 100th anniversary in 2009, celebrated with tours for the local people and a book retelling its fabulous and centennial history. The hotel was sold in 2013 and returned to its historic name, the Plaza Hotel Buenos Aires
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La Recoleta Cemetery
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La Recoleta Cemetery is a cemetery located in the Recoleta neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It contains the graves of people, including Eva Perón, presidents of Argentina, Nobel Prize winners, the founder of the Argentine Navy. In 2011, the BBC hailed it as one of the worlds best cemeteries, the monks of the Order of the Recoletos arrived in this area, then the outskirts of Buenos Aires, in the early eighteenth century. The cemetery is built around their convent and a church, Our Lady of Pilar, the order was disbanded in 1822, and the garden of the convent was converted into the first public cemetery in Buenos Aires. The 1822 layout was done by French civil engineer Próspero Catelin, the cemetery was last remodeled in 1881, while Torcuato de Alvear was mayor of the city, by the Italian architect Juan Antonio Buschiazzo. Set in 5.5 hectares, the site contains 4691 vaults, all above ground, the entrance to the cemetery is through neo-classical gates with tall Doric columns. The entire cemetery is laid out in sections like city blocks, while many of the mausoleums are in fine shape and well-maintained, others have fallen into disrepair. Several can be found with broken glass and littered with rubbish, among many memorials are works by notable Argentine sculptors, Lola Mora and Luis Perlotti for instance. The tomb of Liliana Crociati de Szaszak, due to its design, is of special interest
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Santo Domingo convent
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The Santo Domingo Convent, or Basilic of Our Lady of the Rosary and Convent of Santo Domingo is a convent for Our Lady of the Rosary located in the Monserrat neighborhood of Buenos Aires. Built during the times, it was the scenario of a military conflict during the British invasions of the Río de la Plata. It holds as well the tomb of the Argentine national hero Manuel Belgrano, although the Dominicans occupied the site since 1606, it was not until 1751 that they began to raise the present building, designed by the architect Antonio Masella Turin. On June 29 the stone foundation of the temple was laid, from 1762 until 1779 construction efforts were renewed by Don Juan de Lezica and Torrezuri as the main benefactor and director of the project. The unfinished church was consecrated on October the 17th of 1783, the following year the tower was completed. The February 11,1792, when the donations were gathered. It was concluded in 1805, as deduced from the absence of records of expenses on the project. The June 27,1806, British troops under General William Beresford attacked Buenos Aires, the invading force was defeated on the 12th of the month, and Liniers donated the flags on the 24th. They are since then kept at the church, on July the second of 1807 the British attempted to seize Buenos Aires for the second time. The tower was damaged by fire and rebuilt afterwards. The original projectiles have been removed from the structure and replaced with pieces of wood representing the impacts. In 1817, the English artist Emeric Essex Vidal visited the city, one which included the Church of Santo Domingo. He would comment that the building is in a state of disrepair, and has nothing noteworthy except for the colors, during the rule of president Bernardino Rivadavia the Dominicans were expelled from the country. The building became a Natural History Museum in 1826, under the direction of Italian chemist and botanist Pablo Ferrari. It The museum used to contain some 800 pieces of the kingdom,1500 minerals. Unfortunately due to the general disinterest in science most of the records were lost, some of which were used by Humboldt. Mossottis observations on an eclipse and the comet Encke were published by the Royal Astronomical Society of London. In October the 22nd of 1835 President Rosas personally issued a decree allowing the Dominicans to return to the country, in virtue of this resolution Rosas was named a borother of Dominican order
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ARA Presidente Sarmiento
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ARA Presidente Sarmiento is a museum ship in Argentina, originally built as a training ship for the Argentine Navy and named after Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, the seventh President of Argentina. She is considered to be the last intact cruising training ship from the 1890s, the ship was originally built for the Argentine Naval Academy. ARA Presidente Sarmiento made thirty seven annual training cruises including six circumnavigations of the globe, the ship was retired as a seagoing vessel in 1938, but continued to serve without sails on Argentine rivers around 1950 and as a stationary training ship until 1961. She is now maintained in her original 1898 appearance as a ship in Puerto Madero near downtown Buenos Aires. In addition to its sailing rig this ship includes a triple expansion steam engine supplied by two coal-fired boilers exhausting through the rear stack. An additional auxiliary boiler exhausting through the stack provides steam for other than propulsion. A single coal bunker is positioned between the main and auxiliary boiler rooms A three-wheel chain drive allows up to six helmsmen to control the rudder. Such a crew of operators was not always required due to the inclusion of an electric servo-drive for normal operation but was useful for the training of cadets, four five inch mounts are positioned amidships, two on each side, with additional smaller weapons. Documentation on the ship shows these having had some armor, a single torpedo scuttle using gravity expulsion exited at the bow. The scuttle has been removed and the exit port welded shut, additional torpedo storage is provided below this main deck. ARA Uruguay, a smaller tall ship moored nearby in basin number three. Argentine peso moneda nacional, the ship was featured on the 5 peso coin from 1961-1968, google Maps location of the Presidente Sarmiento Buque Museo Fragata Presidente Sarmiento
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ARA Uruguay
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The corbeta ARA Uruguay, built in England, is the largest ship afloat of its age in the Armada de la República Argentina, with more than 140 years passed since its commissioning in September 1874. The last of the squadron of President Sarmiento, the Uruguay took part in revolutions, ransoms, expeditions, rescues. This ship may be the oldest in South America having been built in 1874 at Laird Bros. shipyard of Birkenhead, England and this ship is rigged to a barque sailplan. The ships steel hull is lined in teak, the ships namesake is an earlier Argentine Navy schooner, a seven-gun combatant in the Battle of Juncal,1827. Originally built as a gunship, the ship was soon to be used as a training ship, after an episode known as the Mutiny of the Overcoats affected the continuity of studies in the emerging Naval Academy, the ship became a floating headquarters for naval training. In 1879, the gunboat, anchored in Buenos Aires, witnessed the graduation of the academys first class of Naval Officers, in 1884 it transported foreign scientific committees who came to observe a Transit of Venus. In 1887 the ship was removed from its assignment and fitted for expedition support. In 1903 the ship was refitted specifically as a steam rescue ship with auxiliary sail propulsion. Additional bulkheads to create a total of eight compartments and hull reinforcement were added, the bilge keels were removed to facilitate damage-free passage through ice. Hard shell above deck storm and wave protection for crew was added fore, additional insulations of cork and sawdust were added. The rescue effort was led by Lieutenant Commander Julián Irízar who returned from his London diplomatic post of Naval Attache, a special crew of eight officers and nineteen men was selected based upon experience, courage, and ability to withstand the severe polar conditions. With all of the expedition members rescued successfully, the ship returned through a storm in a thoroughly battered condition, having been rolled up to 40 degrees. Arriving first at Puerto Santa Cruz, they telegraphed their success to headquarters, the Third French Antarctic Expedition, led by Jean-Baptiste Charcot, was supported by the Uruguay. During this time ship was engaged in performing hydrographic and geographic surveys for the preparation of maritime navigation charts and she was dismissed from service in 1926, to become a floating ammunition dump. In 1954 the Uruguay was rebuilt in the Río Santiago Shipyard and it was moored two years later at the pier of the Naval School, now officially designated as a museum ship. Removed from naval service in 1962, the Uruguay was in 1967 declared a National Historic Landmark, currently integrated since 1967 as a museum ship with the frigate ARA Presidente Sarmiento in the Museum of Sea and Navigation. It is moored at Puerto Madero in the city of Buenos Aires,3, a short distance from the Sarmiento. Secretariat of Culture of the Nation, almanac 1958 Daily Nation, with reminders of historical dates in Argentina
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The Water Company Palace
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The Palace of Flowing Waters is an architecturally significant water pumping station in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The building was designed as a pumping station in 1877 by Swedish Argentine architect Carlos Nyströmer. It was commissioned, in part, to replace the water tower on Lorea Plaza. Occupying a city block at the end of the citys Balvanera section. The French renaissance palace was covered in over 300,000 glazed, multi-color terra cotta tiles imported from the renowned British ceramics maker and it features a tin mansard roof, and is emblazoned with escutcheons representing the 14 Argentine provinces, at the time. The building was transferred to the City of Buenos Aires following the 1892 nationalization of the British-owned company over service quality concerns, the company, eventually known as Obras Sanitarias, was reprivatized in 1993 with a 30-year contract. The contracts rescission in 2006 transferred the property to AySA, a State enterprise, the palace still houses a number of water company offices, Historic Archives and a small water works museum. The building figures prominently in the book Santa Evita by Tomas Eloy Martinez, established in 1873, this is the only Archive containing complete and specific information about emblematic buildings and water supply planning of Buenos Aires. This archive is composed by three main Archives, contains plans about Water treatment plants, sewage and water network supply, drains and projects. The information found in these plans includes type, size and material of pipes, dates, architectural drawings, size of collection, about 60.000 plans, oldest is from 1870. This archive is not available to the public, some plans approved for public release were published through books, newspapers and websites. Many documents are signed by famous and important people of Argentina such as president Bartolome Mitre, physiologist Bernardo Houssay, size of collection, about 350,000 records. This Archive is not available to the public, some documents approved for public release were published through books, newspapers and websites. Keeps plumbing and fire hydrants service plans of 320,000 land lots of Buenos Aires and these plans are crucial for finding water, drain and sewage connections and fixing water leaks. This Archive also preserves plans of buildings demolished during the construction of large avenues and highways of Buenos Aires, size of Collection, about 2,800,000 plans, oldest is from 1889. This Archive is only available to authorized individuals. Some plans approved for release were published through books, newspapers. Museum of Water and Health History - Aguas y Saneamientos Argentinos
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Puente de la Mujer
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Puente de la Mujer, is a rotating footbridge for Dock 3 of the Puerto Madero commercial district of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is of the cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge type and is also a swing bridge and it has a single mast with cables suspending a portion of the bridge which rotates 90 degrees in order to allow water traffic to pass. When it swings to allow watercraft passage, the far end comes to a point on a stabilizing pylon. Started in 1998, it was inaugurated on December 20,2001, the architect has described the design as a synthesis of the image of a couple dancing the tango. This central section is supported by a needle with a concrete core. The needle, inclined at a 39° angle, anchors suspension cables which support the central span, a computer system at the eastern end of the bridge operates the turning mechanism when required. A number of streets in the Puerto Madero district have womens names, the work was conceived by businessman Alberto L. González, who donated money for its construction. Costing about $6 million, the bridge was manufactured by the Urssa steel fabrication conglomerate in the city of Vitoria-Gasteiz in the Basque Country of northern Spain, according to business executive Bob Schmetterer, the bridge was not part of the original Puerto Madero project. A landmark footbridge, Heymann suggested, while certainly more costly than an advertising campaign would have been, would be more practical. The developer agreed with the assessment, and he built the structure
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Almagro, Buenos Aires
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Almagro is a mostly middle-class barrio of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Almagro features strong commercial activity along its avenues, and has a population density due to the many high-rise buildings erected along the railway line. The sectional government of the 6th circuit, which includes Almagro, in the 18th century, what is now the western part of Almagro belonged to Portuguese merchant Carlos de los Santos Valente and then to his estate. The eastern and northern sections were in the possession of Spaniard Juan María de Almagro y de la Torre, the Argentine revolutionary government confiscated Almagros lands, only to return them to him in 1820. Both Santos Valente and Almagro managed agricultural establishments, and did not favor any kind of urban development, during the 19th century, most of the neighbourhood was occupied by dairy farms and brick factories. Almagro and Caballito were located on the road between Buenos Aires and the city of Flores, in 1880, Almagro was officially incorporated into the Federal district. The neighbourhood came into its own around 1900, following the erection of the San Carlos parish church in 1878, the introduction of the tramway, rapid urbanization brought about the conventillos. The assimilation of immigrants into the culture was quick. Due to its proximity to the Abasto market, singer Carlos Gardel was a frequent visitor, the Las Violetas coffee house, opened in 1884, was a renowned meeting-place. Closed down in 1998 and reopened in 2001, it preserves the glamour of its golden days, the Argentine Boxing Federation hall on Castro Barros street was the venue of many important matches. To accommodate the number of students, the faculty of Humanities of Buenos Aires University was relocated to Puán street during the 1980s. Hospital Italiano on Gascón street is one of the private hospitals in the city. The citys Dentistry Hospital is located on Muñiz street, there is also a Library for blind people on the intersection of Lezica and Medrano. Although many music and dance venues cater to all tastes, Almagro is a stronghold of tango, during his last years, composer and bandleader Osvaldo Pugliese relocated to Almagro and oversaw the creation of the Casa del Tango complex on Guardia Vieja street. Among Almagros residents of note were boxer Luis Ángel Firpo, poet Alfonsina Storni, westbound traffic is served by Independencia, Rivadavia, and Córdoba/Estado de Israel avenues. Eastbound traffic is served by Corrientes, Díaz Vélez, and Belgrano avenues, there are no major north-south avenues, even though Medrano, Salguero and Boedo streets carry heavy traffic. Almagro has access to two lines of the subte, the along Rivadavia and the along Corrientes, the westbound Sarmiento train line crosses Almagro but does not stop within the limits of the neighbourhood. Important bus lines are the 19,128,160, and 168, the neighbourhood was the birthplace of San Lorenzo de Almagro, which relocated to nearby Boedo
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Belgrano, Buenos Aires
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Belgrano is a leafy, northern barrio or neighborhood of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The barrio of Palermo is to the southeast, Nuñez is to the northwest, Coghlan, Villa Urquiza, Villa Ortúzar, Belgrano was named after Manuel Belgrano, a politician and military leader who created the national flag of Argentina. In 1820, at Belgranos death, Buenos Aires legislature introduced a law to name the town to be founded after him. It was in Belgrano that the law declaring Buenos Aires as Argentinas federal capital was issued, in 1887, the federal district was enlarged by the annexation of the towns of Belgrano and Flores. Belgranodeutsch or Belgrano-Deutsch is a mixture of German and Spanish spoken in Buenos Aires, Belgrano is an upper-middle-class neighborhood that can be roughly divided into Belgrano R, Belgrano C, central Belgrano, and Lower Belgrano. The heart of the pulses with life on its main thoroughfare, Avenida Cabildo, which runs Northwest to Southeast. Avenida Cabildo carries heavy traffic, and features corner cafés, grocery stores, movie theaters, specialty shops, clothing boutiques, bookstores. Pedestrians are especially numerous on weekend afternoons as Porteños from various areas of the city come to shop, most of the neighborhoods densest housing is located in the vicinity of Cabildo. High-rise luxury apartment buildings are clustered on the streets surrounding the Universidad de Belgrano. West of Crámer avenue, Belgrano R is chiefly residential and lower-density in nature, characterized by calm streets lined with large, most buildings in this section are detached single-family homes that follow Anglo-Saxon architectural styles, some residences have sizable backyards with swimming pools. This section is favored by wealthy Argentines and expatriate businesspeople, Belgrano C is also home to Buenos Airess small Chinatown. The district is crowded with restaurants and specialty grocery stores catering to Asian-Argentines, Belgranos sidewalks are often busy with dogwalkers. Even though city ordinances forbid more than ten dogs to a person, Belgrano is served by the Buenos Aires metro line D, many bus lines, and two commuter rail lines. Approximately 1.5 km to the west of Belgrano lies Avenida General Paz, beyond this avenue lie the suburbs of Vicente Lopez, Florida and Olivos. International schools include, Belgrano Day School, several blocks north of the Belgrano University, Barrancas de Belgrano spans several city blocks and is overlooked by highrise upper-middle class apartment buildings. On Manuel Belgrano square, a local fair is held regularly. It features a small bust of Manuel Belgrano on its middle spot, in the edge of the plaza lies the Inmaculada Concepción church, called La Redonda by locals because of its circular plan. Many weddings are celebrated in church in the afternoon hours
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Buenos Aires Central Business District
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The Buenos Aires Central Business District is the main commercial centre of Buenos Aires, Argentina, though not an official city ward. The Microcentro has a concentration of offices, service companies and banks. The area was the site of the first European settlement in what later became Buenos Aires, the district is the financial, corporate, and cultural hub of Buenos Aires, and of Argentina. The Buenos Aires Human Development Index is likewise high by international standards, the Port of Buenos Aires is one of the busiest in South America, navigable rivers by way of the Río de la Plata connect the port to northeastern Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. As a result, it serves as the hub for a vast area of the south-eastern region of the South American continent. Tax collection related to the port has caused political problems in the past. These latter were all built on reclaimed land along the coast of the Rio de la Plata, the region was formerly crossed by different creeks and lagoons, some of which were refilled and other tubed. Among the most important creeks are, Maldonado, Vega, Medrano, Cildañez, in 1908 many creeks were channeled and rectified, as floods were damaging the citys infrastructure. Starting in 1919, most creeks were enclosed, notably, the Maldonado was tubed in 1954, and currently runs below Juan B. Facing the Río de la Plata estuary, the frontage remained flood-prone, italian and French influences increased after the overthrow of strongman Juan Manuel de Rosas in 1852, and particularly upon the advent of the modernizing Generation of 1880. Later significant additions include those by Alejandro Christophersen, Alejandro Bustillo, Andrés Kalnay, Eduardo Le Monnier, some of the more notable commercial developments completed since then have included the Catalinas Norte office park, Torre Bouchard, Bouchard Plaza, Galicia Tower, the Repsol-YPF Tower. San Nicolás is one of the districts that shares most of the city and national government structure with neighboring Montserrat and its seldom referred to as San Nicolás, but usually as The Center, and the part east of the 9 de Julio Avenue is called Microcentro. The growing importance of the area as a center was highlighted by the 1854 establishment of the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange. San Nicolás remains the center of Argentina, something underscored by the presence of the Central Bank. The construction of Corrientes and Nueve de Julio Avenues in the 1930s further modernized San Nicolás, florida Street, most of which is in San Nicolás, is the citys best-known pedestrianized street. Its most discernible landmark is the Galerías Pacífico shopping arcade, Retiro is one of the largest hubs of transportation services in Argentina. Local and long distance rail service heading to the north originate from Estación Retiro, subte line C of the Buenos Aires Metro system and numerous local public bus services serve Retiro, and this area is always teeming with commuters and traffic on weekdays. The most important avenue linking Retiro and the CBD to commuters living in areas to the north is Avenida del Libertador
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Caballito, Buenos Aires
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Caballito is a barrio of the Argentine capital, Buenos Aires. It is the barrio in the administrative division Comuna 6. It is located in the centre of the city, limited by the following streets and avenues, Rio de Janeiro. The name is said to come from the weather vane from a local pulpería. Opened to the public in 1910, Parque Centenario was so christened in honor of the anniversary of 25 May 1810. The park, in 2006, underwent extensive refurbishment, as well as the installation of a lake in replacement of the two existing smaller ones. Neighbourhood commuters are served by Underground Line A, opened in 1913 as the citys first Underground line, the neighbourhood has a long historical connection with the Underground, since it is the site of the Polvorín Workshop, where the lines famous La Brugeoise rolling stock was repaired. The workshop is now the site of the Buenos Aires Heritage Tramway, similarly, there is the Sarmiento Line, a commuter rail service which takes passengers westward to Greater Buenos Aires or eastward to Once railway station and closer to the city centre. Www. infocaballito. com www. caballitoenlinea. com www. vivecaballito. com Historic Tramway in Caballito – Asociación Amigos del Tranvía
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Colegiales
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Colegiales is a barrio or district in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is located between Alvarez Thomas av and this neighborhood offers a vast amount of contrast and opportunities. There are large and tall buildings that go from the Crámer street to Avenida Cabildo and this district has become a busy one with lots of pedestrians and cars that go about on the streets. The history of Colegiales is the same as the barrio of Chacarita because it used to be called Chacarita de los Colegiales and this neighborhood had chacras and quintas, where the Jesuits hosted retreats with their students. When this order was expelled in 1767, the lands were expropriated by the Spanish Crown, beginning with the government of Bernardino Rivadavia in 1826, workers and immigrants from Europe settled in the area that later became the two neighborhoods of Chacarita and Colegiales. In this district the Club Atlético Colegiales developed, a club that plays in the regionalized third tier of Argentine football. Today, however, it is in the city of Munro, Colegiales is one of Buenos Aires smallest districts. Its main thoroughfare is Federico Lacroze avenue, where most neighborhood traffic, Alvarez Thomas avenue is a study in contrasts, lined with single-family rowhouses along one side and almost entirely with apartment blocks along the other. The avenue also separates Colegiales with its neighbor to the south, the Pasaje General Paz attracts visitors near and far, with its mature trees, bridgepath streams and ornate, balconied Andalusian-style patio. The Colegiales Athletic and Social Club is probably the favorite social venue. Located on 2860 Teodoro García Street, it was famous in decades past for Roberto Polaco Goyeneches frequent Tango recitals there, Colegiales was also home to the citys first cinema, Las Familias. The cinema was probably better-known, however, for the people who had it built than for its distinction as a historical first, though now a distant memory, the colorful Anselmis entertained generations of locals with their namesake circus on Lacroze and Cabildo Avenues. Today, sadly, none of these establishments exist, as they shut down or relocated to the more upscale Belgrano. The Argos Cinema was long the most popular in Colegiales, as it included a cinema, theatre, meeting hall and it was renovated and reopened in May 2012 as the Vorterix Theater, a music venue with a 1500 capacity theater which also houses the radio station Vorterix Rock. Another radio station, Radio Metro, is based in Colegiales. Colegiales cafés, many open, are often not unlike pool halls, frequented by night owls. Perhaps the best-known is the Café Argos, which boasts its period decor. The Federico Lacroze Area Development Council, on 3955 Maure Street, publishes its own periodical, socially and culturally invested, it provides a forum for literary circles like the Enrique Banchs Literary Society and the Chacarita-Colegiales Historical Society
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Monserrat, Buenos Aires
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Monserrat or Montserrat is a neighbourhood in the east of the Buenos Aires CBD. Avenida de Mayo runs through the Monserrat district, connecting Plaza de Mayo, a block, or two, south of the Plaza de Mayo, the older section of Monserrat begins. The Monserrat area traces its origins to the foundation of Buenos Aires itself, the Fort of Juan Baltazar of Austria, the marginal settlements first, was built in 1594 and, in 1608, newly arrived Jesuits were granted a 2-hectare lot, nearby. The Jesuits began work on the Saint Ignatius Church in 1686, consecrated in 1734, it is the oldest existing church in Buenos Aires. Possessing the finest school and library at the time and offering colonial Buenos Aires only truly classical education there, land reclamation and the creation of docks parallel to the area led to the construction of Paseo Colón along Monserrats eastern edge. The areas two adjoining squares became the Plaza de Mayo in 1884, a joined by the completion of the presidential executive building. This was followed by the razing of colonial architecture to make way for the Avenida de Mayo, opened in 1894 and Congressional Plaza. The avenue became home to the Buenos Aires Metros first stations, map of Monserrat The Illuminated Block The Casa Rosada Official city web site Avenida de Mayo Unofficial Monserrat guide with pictures and sightseeings
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Palermo, Buenos Aires
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Palermo is a neighborhood, or barrio of the Argentine capital, Buenos Aires. With a total area of 17.4 km2, Palermo is the largest neighborhood in Buenos Aires, as of 1991 it had a population of 256,927 inhabitants. It is the only barrio within the division of Comuna 14. The name of the district is derived from the still-existing Franciscan abbey of Saint Benedict of Palermo, Saint Benedict the Moor lived from 1526 to 1589 and is a complementary patron saint of Palermo, the capital city of Sicily. Juan Manuel de Rosas built a residence there which was confiscated after his fall in 1852. The most upmarket part of Palermo, Palermo Chico, is on Palermos north-eastern edge, across Figueroa Alcorta Avenue, once a quarter full of splendid mansions set in broad private parks, many have unfortunately since been demolished by developers. The area nevertheless remains one of the wealthiest in the city, home to luxury condominium and apartment developments, MALBA, is located next door between Barrio Parque and the Paseo Alcorta shopping centre. Alto Palermo is downtown Palermo, the shopping area and transport hub around Santa Fe Avenue. Centered on Las Heras Park and the Alto Palermo Shopping Center, Palermo Norte is located along Libertador Avenue to the northwest of Palermo Chico, and the site of landmarks such as the Argentine Automobile Club and the National Museum of Decorative Arts. Villa Freud, based around Plaza Güemes, is an area known for its high concentration of psychoanalysts and psychiatrists. The King Fahd Islamic Cultural Center was built in the 1990s just east of the Polo fields, the Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers headquarters and other military installations, such as the Central Military Hospital and the Military Geographic Institute, are located to the south. La Imprenta, west of Las Cañitas, borders the Belgrano ward, one of its best-known landmarks is the Parish of San Benito Abad and the neighboring Solar de la Abadía shopping gallery. Palermo Viejo is, as its name implies, the oldest part and it runs from Santa Fe Avenue south to Córdoba Avenue, and from Avenida Dorrego east to Coronel Díaz Street. The neighborhood is centred on Plaza Palermo Viejo, and reflects an older Spanish Colonial Revival style in architecture, the new headquarters of the National Research Council, opened in 2011 in the refurbished former GIOL winery, is a notable recent example of this trend. Such well-known figures as Jorge Luis Borges and Che Guevara once lived in this ward, borgess poem Fundacion mitica de Buenos Aires names a typical square adjacent to his childhood home, a popular tourist landmark. Palermo Soho is an area of Palermo Viejo around Plaza Serrano on Serrano near Palermos south-western edge. It is a fashionable area for fashion, design, restaurants, bars. The atmosphere in many cafés and restaurants strives to be alternative, the traditional low houses have been adapted into boutiques and bars, creating a bohemian feel
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Recoleta, Buenos Aires
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It is also an important tourist destination and cultural center of the city. It is also one of the most affluent neighborhoods and it is one of the priciest real estate in the city, the Recoleta is accessible by the “D Line” of the Buenos Aires Subway, which passes through the neighborhood. Neighboring communities are Retiro to the southeast, San Nicolás, Balvanera and Almagro to the south, and Palermo to the northwest, and the River Plate to the northeast. The name of the neighborhood comes from the Monastery of the Recollect Fathers, members of the Franciscan Order which was established in the area at the beginning of the 18th century and they founded a monastery and a church dedicated to Nuestra Señora del Pilar with a cemetery attached. The historical center of the neighborhood is the Church of Nuestra Señora del Pilar, for that reason, the neighborhood was occasionally called El Pilar. The church was situated at the edge of the banks that sloped down to the Río de la Plata. The creek, also known as Tercero del Norte, currently flows through an underground pipe and it formed a type of small delta, with channels along the current Austria and Tagle Streets, which flowed into the Río de la Plata. When Buenos Aires suffered terrible cholera and yellow fever epidemics in the 1870s and these families, built mansions and other notable buildings in several European architectural styles of the period. Consequently, Buenos Aires has often referred to as the Paris of South America. Nowadays, what is left of traditional buildings coexist with elegant modern constructions. The Recoleta neighborhood is distinguished by its great cultural spaces, the Recoleta Cemetery is one of the main tourist attractions in the neighborhood. It was designed by the French architect Prosper Catelin, at the request of President Bernardino Rivadavia, next to the cemetery is the former General Juan José Viamonte Shelter, administered in the past by the Recollect Fathers. To the east, along Posadas Street, is the Palais de Glace, which was, at the beginning of the twentieth century and it has since been turned into a multimedia exhibition center. Behind Carlos Thays Park is located the Centro Municipal de Exposiciones, several of the oldest and most prestigious schools in the capital are located in the Recoleta neighborhood. Many university schools are found in Recoleta, Derecho, Medicina, Odontología. A construction in the brutalist style, located on Agüero Street between Libertador Avenue and Las Heras, is home to the new National Library of Argentina, the building was completed in 1992, after 20 years of construction work. It contains more than four volumes, including twenty priceless editions. Several cabarets in the served as locales for tango music
