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Hubble's law
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Hubble's law, also known as the Hubble–Lemaître law, is the observation in physical cosmology that galaxies are moving away from Earth at speeds proportional to their distance. In other words, the farther they are, the faster they are moving away from Earth. The velocity of the galaxies has been determined by their redshift, a shift of the light they emit toward the red end of the visible spectrum. The discovery of Hubble's law is attributed to Edwin Hubble's work published in 1929.
Three steps to the Hubble constant
Three steps to the Hubble constant
Fit of redshift velocities to Hubble's law. Various estimates for the Hubble constant exist. The HST Key H0 Group fitted type Ia supernovae for redshi
Fit of redshift velocities to Hubble's law. Various estimates for the Hubble constant exist. The HST Key H0 Group fitted type Ia supernovae for redshifts between 0.01 and 0.1 to find that H0 = 71 ± 2 (statistical) ± 6 (systematic) km⋅s−1⋅Mpc−1, while Sandage et al. find H0 = 62.3 ± 1.3 (statistical) ± 5 (systematic) km⋅s−1⋅Mpc−1.
A variety of possible recessional velocity vs. redshift functions including the simple linear relation v = cz; a variety of possible shapes from theor
A variety of possible recessional velocity vs. redshift functions including the simple linear relation v = cz; a variety of possible shapes from theories related to general relativity; and a curve that does not permit speeds faster than light in accordance with special relativity. All curves are linear at low redshifts. See Davis and Lineweaver.
The landscape of H0 measurements around 2021, with the Planck (2018) and SH0ES (2020) values highlighted in pink and cyan respectively.
The landscape of H0 measurements around 2021, with the Planck (2018) and SH0ES (2020) values highlighted in pink and cyan respectively.
Chronology of the universe
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The chronology of the universe describes the history and future of the universe according to Big Bang cosmology.
The Hubble Ultra Deep Fields often showcase galaxies from an ancient era that tell us what the early Stelliferous Era was like.
The Hubble Ultra Deep Fields often showcase galaxies from an ancient era that tell us what the early Stelliferous Era was like.
Another Hubble image shows an infant galaxy forming nearby, which means this happened very recently on the cosmological timescale. This shows that new
Another Hubble image shows an infant galaxy forming nearby, which means this happened very recently on the cosmological timescale. This shows that new galaxy formation in the universe is still occurring.
Phases of the reionization
Phases of the reionization
Computer simulated view of the large-scale structure of a part of the universe about 50 million light-years across
Computer simulated view of the large-scale structure of a part of the universe about 50 million light-years across