A hybrid transformer is a type of directional coupler which is designed to be configured as a circuit having four ports that are conjugate in pairs, implemented using one or more transformers. It is a particular case of the more general concept of a hybrid coupler.
Using hybrids for bidirectional amplification
Wiring diagram of a single transformer hybrid
Wiring diagram of a double transformer hybrid
In electrical engineering, a transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit, or multiple circuits. A varying current in any coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) across any other coils wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be transferred between separate coils without a metallic (conductive) connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction, discovered in 1831, describes the induced voltage effect in any coil due to a changing magnetic flux encircled by the coil.
An O-core transformer consisting of two coils of copper wire wrapped around a magnetic core
Instrument transformer, with polarity dot and X1 markings on low-voltage ("LV") side terminal
Core form = core type; shell form = shell type
Shell type transformer with laminated core showing edges of laminations at the top of the photo
