1.
Business jet
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A business jet, private jet, or bizjet, or simply B. J. is a jet aircraft designed for transporting small groups of people. Business jets may be adapted for other roles, such as the evacuation of casualties or express parcel deliveries, the Lockheed JetStar, seating ten passengers and two crew, first flew on 4 September 1957. The smaller,17,760 pounds MTOW North American Sabreliner first flew on 16 September 1958, powered by two Pratt & Whitney JT12 turbojet engines then Garrett TFE731, more than 800 were produced from 1959 to 1982. The 25,000 pounds MTOW British Aerospace 125 first flew on 13 August 1962 and its engine were replaced by Garrett TFE731, then Pratt & Whitney Canada PW300 turbofans. Almost 1,700 aircraft were produced between 1962 and 2013 after being marketed as the Hawker 800, the 23,500 pounds MTOW IAI Westwind, developed by Aero Commander, first flew on 27 January 1963, powered by two General Electric CJ610 turbojets, then Garrett TFE731. 442 were built from 1965 to 1987 and it was developed in the IAI Astra, the 29,000 pounds MOTW Dassault Falcon 20 first flew on 4 May 1963, powered by two General Electric CF700, then Garrett ATF3 turbofans and Garrett TFE731. From 1963 to 1988,508 were built and it is the basis of the Dassault Falcon family, the first light jet first flew on 7 October 1963, the Learjet 23. Powered by two 2,850 pounds-force General Electric CJ610, its 12,500 pounds MTOW complies with FAR Part 23 regulations,104 were built between 1962 and 1966 and it is the first member of the Learjet Family. On 2 October 1966 the first large business jet first flew, from 1967 to the late 70s,258 were built and it led to the ongoing Gulfstream Aerospace long range family. The 11,850 pounds MTOW Cessna Citation I first flew on 15 September 1969, produced between 1969 and 1985 at 689 samples, it is the first of the Cessna Citation family. The trijet Dassault Falcon 50 made its first flight the 7 November 1976, the 40,000 pounds MTOW airplane is powered by three 3,700 pounds-force TFE731. With the cross-section of the Falcon 20, it is the basis of the larger Falcon 900, on 8 November 1978, the prototype Canadair Challenger took off. The 43, 000–48,000 pounds MTOW craft, usually powered by two 9,200 pounds-force General Electric CF34, the basis of the long range Global Express family, the 1000th Challenger has entered service in 2015. On May 30,1979 took off the clean-sheet 22,000 pounds MTOW Cessna Citation III powered by two 3,650 pounds-force TFE731, basis of the larger Citation X, the Mitsubishi MU-300 Diamond made its first flight on 29 August 1978. The 16,100 pounds MTOW jet was powered by two 2,900 pounds-force JT15D,950 has been produced, it was renamed Beechjet 400 then Hawker 400. The 1980s only saw the introduction of derivatives and no new design. The clean-sheet Learjet 45 took off on 7 October 1995, the 21,500 pounds is powered by two 3,500 pounds-force TFE731. Powered by two 2,300 pounds-force Williams FJ44, the 12,500 pounds Beechcraft Premier I light jet made its first flight on December 22,1998, nearly 300 has been made before the production stopped in 2013
2.
Israel Aerospace Industries
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Israel Aerospace Industries or IAI is Israels prime aerospace and aviation manufacturer, producing aerial and astronautic systems for both military and civilian usage. It has 16,000 employees as of 2013, IAI is wholly owned by the government of Israel. In addition to construction of fighter aircraft, IAI also designs and builds civil aircraft, drones and designs and builds missile, avionics. Although IAIs main focus is aviation and high-tech electronics, it also manufactures systems for ground. Many of these products are specially suited for the Israel Defense Forces needs, the company originally had 70 employees and recruited American born aviation expert Al Schwimmer as the companys founder and first president. In 1959 Bedek began manufacturing its first aircraft, a V-tailed twinjet trainer of French design, the Tzukit became the Israeli Air Force principal trainer for 50 years. They were then deployed against Jordanian forces, including armour, on the West Bank, the Magister proved effective at the close-support mission albeit with heavy casualties, with six being lost. The first aircraft to be designed and built by IAI. In response to the French embargo, IAI began developing its own fighter aircraft, the Nesher entered service in 1971, in time for the Yom Kippur War. The Nesher was followed by the IAI Kfir, which was developed as a result of Israels need for adapting the Dassault Mirage III to the requirements of the Israeli Air Force. The Kfir entered service with the IAF in 1975, the first units being assigned to the 101st First Fighter Squadron, over the following years, several other squadrons were also equipped with the new aircraft. The Kfirs first recorded combat action took place on 9 November 1977, during an Israeli air strike on a camp at Tel Azia. The only air victory claimed by a Kfir during its service with the IAF occurred on 27 June 1979 when a Kfir C.2 shot down a Syrian MiG-21. The IAI Kfir has been exported to Colombia, Ecuador, Sri Lanka and was leased to the US Navy, in 1969 IAI acquired North American Rockwells Jet Commander series of business aircraft. This became the basis for the IAI Westwind line, work on an improved Westwind the Astra, by stretching the fuselage and designing a new swept wing, began in the late 1970s, with the first prototype flight on 19 March 1984. The first production Astra flew on 20 March 1985, FAA certification came on 29 August 1985, in the 1960s, IAI developed the Gabriel anti-ship missile and the Elta Electronics Industries subsidiary developed an inexpensive aircraft radar which would become a successful export item. In the 1970s IAI developed the Dabur class patrol boat In the 1970s IAI also entered the Unmanned aerial vehicle market with the development of the IAI Scout. In 1984, IAI formed a joint venture with rival Israeli company Tadiran to market both companies UAVs, the Tadiran Mastiff and the IAI Scout
3.
Pel-Air
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Pel-Air Aviation Pty Ltd is an airline based in Mascot, Sydney, Australia. It is an owned subsidiary of Regional Express Holdings, which also owns Australian airlines Regional Express Airlines. Pel-Air specialises in air charter and ad hoc services, operating charter services throughout Australasia. It also operates medevac and government support services and its main base is Sydney Airport, with other bases at Brisbane Airport, Darwin International Airport, and Nowra Airport. The company was founded in 1984 and the following year acquired its first Israel Aircraft Industries Westwind aircraft. A Westwind replaced the King Air in March of that year, qwestair ceased operations in November 1995 after the Perth-Telfer route was awarded to another company, and the two Westwinds then in use returned to Pel-Air operations. Also in 1995 Pel-Air took over Newcastle Aviation, an operator of Fairchild Metro III, following the takeover the Mitsubishis and Metro IIs were handed back to their owners and the Metro III fleet was expanded. In 1996 Pel-Air won a contract to support to the Royal Australian Navy. In 1997 Pel-Air acquired several Metro II aircraft and on-sold them to the Royal Australian Air Force for use as training aids at RAAF Base Wagga near Wagga Wagga, in 2003 the company introduced a new type into its fleet when it took delivery of a leased Beechcraft 1900C freighter. The type proved to be expensive to operate than the Metro III. Also in 2005 it was announced that Pel-Air would be purchased in stages by Regional Express Holdings, in June 2008 it was announced that a Pel-Air Westwind II would be based at Perth Airport for use as an air ambulance in conjunction with CareFlight. This service was withdrawn in June 2009, fly-in fly-out operations expanded later that year when flights from Adelaide Airport on behalf of Iluka Resources commenced in August under a three-year contract. In April 2009 Regional Express Holdings announced that due to the cancellation of a number of contracts it would cease all scheduled Metro III freight operations at the end of May, remaining scheduled freight operations would be conducted using the Saab 340As. Also in April Regional Express Holdings launched RexJet Executive Charter as a division of Pel-Air, in a rebranding, in July 2009 the parent company announced that Pel-Air had been named as preferred tenderer for the provision of air ambulance services in Victoria. The company took over from the operator, the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. On 27 April 1995 the company suffered a second fatal Westwind crash when one of its aircraft hit a hill on approach to Alice Springs Airport, killing the three occupants. On 18 November 2009 a third Westwind, a 1124A Westwind II, was written-off near Norfolk Island during an air flight from Apia to Melbourne on behalf of CareFlight. The aircraft was scheduled to land at Norfolk Island to refuel, after several abortive landing attempts the crew successfully ditched in open sea in darkness and bad weather
4.
Aero Commander 500 family
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The initial production version was the Aero Commander 520. Piston-engined versions manufactured after 1967 are known as the Shrike Commander, the idea for the Commander light business twin was conceived by Ted Smith, a project engineer at the Douglas Aircraft Company. Originally, the new company was going to build three pre-production aircraft, but as the first aircraft was being built, they decided to build just one prototype, the final configuration was completed in July 1946 and was designated the Model L3805. Registered NX1946, the prototype first flew on 23 April 1948, the L3805 accommodated up to five people and was powered by two Lycoming O-435-A piston engines. It was an all-metal high-wing monoplane with retractable undercarriage using components from a Vultee BT-13 Valiant, walter Beech test flew the aircraft in 1949 and expressed interest in buying the project, but passed on to develop the Beechcraft Twin Bonanza. Fairchild Aircraft also evaluated the prototype at its Hagerstown, Maryland, the prototype flew successfully and the company leased, at no cost, a new 26,000 square-foot factory at Bethany near Oklahoma City to build a production version, certified on 30 June 1950. Nearly 10,000 hours of work went into the model, including more powerful Lycoming GO-435-C2 engines. The production model was named the Commander 520, the first Commander 520 was rolled out of the new factory in August 1951. Serial number 1 was used as a demonstrator, then sold in October 1952 to the Asahi Shimbun Press Company of Tokyo. In military service, it was designated the L-26, though in 1962 this was changed to U-4 for the United States Air Force. His Shrike Commander is displayed in the colors of his last sponsor, Evergreen International Aviation, at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center of the Smithsonian Air, Bob Odegaard continued the tradition in 2012, flying a 1975 Shrike 500S in a Bob Hoover tribute routine. One U-4B became a transport aircraft for Dwight D. Eisenhower between 1956 and 1960. This was the smallest Air Force One, and the first to wear the now-familiar blue-and-white livery, as of 2004, Shrike Commanders remained in service with the United States Coast Guard and United States Customs Service. A single 560F was operated by the Belgian Air Force as the transport of the late king Boudewijn from 1961 to 1973. The unpressurized, long-fuselage 680FL was operated as a package freighter by Combs Freightair in the 1970s and 1980s. The aircraft was popular with pilots, because it was extremely pilot friendly, a number are still operated on contracts for cargo and fire control applications, as their piston engines offer good fuel specifics at low altitudes and longer loiter times. C. on one engine. There they met with CAA personnel, then replaced the propeller, the flight received nationwide coverage in the press. From approximately 1961 to 1993,24 aircraft crashed when spar failures caused the loss of the wing in flight, thirty-five more spars were found cracked during inspections
5.
Israel
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Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. The country contains geographically diverse features within its small area. Israels economy and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, in 1947, the United Nations adopted a Partition Plan for Mandatory Palestine recommending the creation of independent Arab and Jewish states and an internationalized Jerusalem. The plan was accepted by the Jewish Agency for Palestine, next year, the Jewish Agency declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied territories including the West Bank, Golan Heights and it extended its laws to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem, but not the West Bank. Israels occupation of the Palestinian territories is the worlds longest military occupation in modern times, efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have not resulted in peace. However, peace treaties between Israel and both Egypt and Jordan have successfully been signed, the population of Israel, as defined by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, was estimated in 2017 to be 8,671,100 people. It is the worlds only Jewish-majority state, with 74. 8% being designated as Jewish, the countrys second largest group of citizens are Arabs, at 20. 8%. The great majority of Israeli Arabs are Sunni Muslims, including significant numbers of semi-settled Negev Bedouins, other minorities include Arameans, Armenians, Assyrians, Black Hebrew Israelites, Circassians, Maronites and Samaritans. Israel also hosts a significant population of foreign workers and asylum seekers from Africa and Asia, including illegal migrants from Sudan, Eritrea. In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish, Israel is a representative democracy with a parliamentary system, proportional representation and universal suffrage. The prime minister is head of government and the Knesset is the legislature, Israel is a developed country and an OECD member, with the 35th-largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product as of 2016. The country benefits from a skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentage of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. The country has the highest standard of living in the Middle East and the third highest in Asia, in the early weeks of independence, the government chose the term Israeli to denote a citizen of Israel, with the formal announcement made by Minister of Foreign Affairs Moshe Sharett. The names Land of Israel and Children of Israel have historically used to refer to the biblical Kingdom of Israel. The name Israel in these phrases refers to the patriarch Jacob who, jacobs twelve sons became the ancestors of the Israelites, also known as the Twelve Tribes of Israel or Children of Israel. The earliest known artifact to mention the word Israel as a collective is the Merneptah Stele of ancient Egypt. The area is known as the Holy Land, being holy for all Abrahamic religions including Judaism, Christianity, Islam
6.
Cargo airline
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Cargo airlines are airlines mainly dedicated to the transport of cargo by air. Some cargo airlines are divisions or subsidiaries of larger passenger airlines, logistics involves the geographical repositioning of raw materials, work in process, and finished inventories. Examples of the 60-year-old Douglas DC-3 are still flying around the world carrying cargo, short range turboprop airliners such as the An-12, An-26, Fokker Friendship, and British Aerospace ATP are being modified to accept standard air freight pallets to extend their working lives. This normally involves the replacement of glazed windows with opaque panels, Antonov An-225 Mriya and Antonov An-124 are the worlds largest aircraft, used for transporting large shipments and oversized cargos. Usage of large military airplanes for commercial purposes, pioneered by Ukraines Antonov Airlines in the 1990s, has allowed new types of cargo in aerial transportation. In the past, some cargo airlines would carry a few passengers from time to time on flights, however, cargo planes in the United States are forbidden from carrying non-employee passengers. By freight tonne-kilometres flown, Some of the largest all-cargo carriers are, ABX Air AeroLogic AirBridge Cargo Airest Amerijet International, Inc
