1.
Dallas
–
Dallas is a major city in the U. S. state of Texas. It is the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the citys population ranks ninth in the U. S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio. The citys prominence arose from its importance as a center for the oil and cotton industries. The bulk of the city is in Dallas County, of which it is the county seat, however, sections of the city are located in Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties. According to the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 1,197,816, the United States Census Bureaus estimate for the citys population increased to 1,300,092 as of July 1,2015. In 2016 DFW ascended to the one spot in the nation in year-over-year population growth. In 2014, the metropolitan economy surpassed Washington, D. C. to become the fifth largest in the U. S. with a 2014 real GDP over $504 billion, as such, the metropolitan areas economy is the 10th largest in the world. As of January 2017, the job count has increased to 3,558,200 jobs. The citys economy is based on banking, commerce, telecommunications, technology, energy, healthcare and medical research. The city is home to the third-largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the nation. Located in North Texas, Dallas is the core of the largest metropolitan area in the South. Dallas and nearby Fort Worth were developed due to the construction of railroad lines through the area allowing access to cotton, cattle. Later, France also claimed the area but never established much settlement, the area remained under Spanish rule until 1821, when Mexico declared independence from Spain, and the area was considered part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. In 1836, the Republic of Texas, with majority Anglo-American settlers, in 1839, Warren Angus Ferris surveyed the area around present-day Dallas. John Neely Bryan established a permanent settlement near the Trinity River named Dallas in 1841, the origin of the name is uncertain. The Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States in 1845, Dallas was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1856. With construction of railroads, Dallas became a business and trading center and it became an industrial city, attracting workers from Texas, the South and the Midwest. The Praetorian Building of 15 stories, built in 1909, was the first skyscraper west of the Mississippi and it marked the prominence of Dallas as a city
Dallas
–
Top to bottom, left to right:
Downtown Dallas skyline,
Old Red Museum,
NorthPark Center,
Dallas City Hall,
Dallas Museum of Art,
Winspear Opera House,
Perot Museum of Nature and Science,
State Fair of Texas at
Fair Park,
Dallas Union Station, the
Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden, and the
American Airlines Center
Dallas
–
Elm Street at night, January 1942
Dallas
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President and Mrs.
Kennedy arrive at Dallas, November 22, 1963
Dallas
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Santa Fe Terminal Complex on Commerce St, built in 1924.
2.
Photojournalism
–
Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism that employs images in order to tell a news story. It is now understood to refer only to still images. Photojournalists create pictures that contribute to the media, and help communities connect with one other. Photojournalists must be informed and knowledgeable about events happening right outside their door. They deliver news in a format that is not only informative. Timeliness The images have meaning in the context of a published record of events. Objectivity The situation implied by the images is a fair and accurate representation of the events they depict in both content and tone, narrative The images combine with other news elements to make facts relatable to the viewer or reader on a cultural level. Like a writer, a photojournalist is a reporter, but he or she must often make decisions instantly and carry photographic equipment, the practice of illustrating news stories with photographs was made possible by printing and photography innovations that occurred in the mid 19th century. The illustrations were printed with the use of engravings, during the Crimean War, the ILN pioneered the birth of early photojournalism by printing pictures of the war that had been taken by Roger Fenton. Other photographers of the war included William Simpson and Carol Szathmari, similarly, the American Civil War photographs of Mathew Brady were engraved before publication in Harpers Weekly. Disaster, including wrecks and city fires, was also a popular subject for illustrated newspapers in the early days. The printing of images in newspapers remained an isolated occurrence in this period, Photos were used to enhance the text rather than to act as a medium of information in its own right. This began to change with the work of one of the pioneers of photojournalism, John Thomson, in collaboration with the radical journalist Adolphe Smith, he began publishing a monthly magazine, Street Life in London, from 1876 to 1877. The project documented in photographs and text, the lives of the people of London. On March 4,1880, The Daily Graphic published the first halftone reproduction of a news photograph, in March 1886, when General George Crook received word that the Apache leader Geronimo would negotiate surrender terms, photographer C. S. Fly took his equipment and attached himself to the military column, during the three days of negotiations, Fly took about 15 exposures on 8 by 10 inches glass negatives. His photos of Geronimo and the other free Apaches, taken on March 25 and 26, are the known photographs taken of American Indians while still at war with the United States. Fly coolly posed his subjects, asking them to move and turn their heads and faces, the popular publication Harpers Weekly published six of his images in their April 24,1886 issue
Photojournalism
–
Journalism
Photojournalism
–
Versions of Valley of the Shadow of Death, with and without cannonballs
Photojournalism
Photojournalism
–
The Crawlers,
London, 1876–1877, a photograph from
John Thomson 's Street Life in London photo-documentary
3.
Associated Press
–
The Associated Press is an American multinational nonprofit news agency headquartered in New York City that operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. The AP is owned by its contributing newspapers and radio and television stations in the United States, all of which stories to the AP. Most of the AP staff are members and are represented by the Newspaper Guild, which operates under the Communications Workers of America. As of 2007, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,700 newspapers, in addition to more than 5,000 television, the photograph library of the AP consists of over 10 million images. The AP operates 243 news bureaus in 120 countries and it also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides newscasts twice hourly for broadcast and satellite radio and television stations. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, as part of their cooperative agreement with the AP, most member news organizations grant automatic permission for the AP to distribute their local news reports. The AP employs the inverted pyramid formula for writing that enables the news outlets to edit a story to fit its available publication area without losing the storys essentials. Cutbacks at rival United Press International in 1993 left the AP as the United States primary news service, although UPI still produces and distributes stories and photos daily. Other English-language news services, such as the BBC, Reuters, some historians believe that the Tribune joined at this time, documents show it was a member in 1849. The New York Times became a member shortly after its founding in September 1851, initially known as the New York Associated Press, the organization faced competition from the Western Associated Press, which criticized its monopolistic news gathering and price setting practices. The revelations led to the demise of the NYAP and in December 1892, when the AP was founded, news became a salable commodity. The invention of the press allowed the New York Tribune in the 1870s to print 18,000 papers per hour. During the Civil War and Spanish–American War, there was a new incentive to print vivid, Melville Stone, who had founded the Chicago Daily News in 1875, served as AP General Manager from 1893 to 1921. He embraced the standards of accuracy, impartiality, and integrity, the cooperative grew rapidly under the leadership of Kent Cooper, who built up bureau staff in South America, Europe and, the Middle East. He introduced the telegraph typewriter or teletypewriter into newsrooms in 1914, in 1935, AP launched the Wirephoto network, which allowed transmission of news photographs over leased private telephone lines on the day they were taken. This gave AP a major advantage over other media outlets. While the first network was only between New York, Chicago, and San Francisco, eventually AP had its network across the whole United States, in 1945, the Supreme Court of the United States held in Associated Press v. The decision facilitated the growth of its main rival United Press International, AP entered the broadcast field in 1941 when it began distributing news to radio stations, it created its own radio network in 1974
Associated Press
–
The AP headquarters in October 2008, located at
450 West 33rd Street, in
New York City.
Associated Press
–
Associated Press
Associated Press
–
Logo on the former AP Building in New York City
Associated Press
–
The APTN Building in London
4.
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
–
On November 22,1963, John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was fatally shot in Dallas, Texas while riding in a motorcade in Dallas Dealey Plaza, at 12,30 p. m. Fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald, he was traveling with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, Kennedys death marked the fourth and most recent assassination of an American President. The Committee was not able to identify any individuals or groups involved with the conspiracy, in addition, the HSCA found that the original federal investigations were seriously flawed in respect of information-sharing and the possibility of conspiracy. As recommended by the HSCA, the evidence indicating conspiracy was subsequently re-examined and rejected. However, Kennedys assassination is still the subject of debate and has spawned numerous conspiracy theories. Polling in 2013 showed that 60% of Americans believe that a group of conspirators was responsible for the assassination, President Kennedy traveled to Texas to smooth over frictions in the Democratic Party between liberals Ralph Yarborough and Don Yarborough and conservative John Connally. A presidential visit to the state of Texas was first agreed upon by Lyndon B. Johnson, President John F. Kennedys vice president, and Texas native, President Kennedys trip to Dallas was first announced to the public in September 1963. The exact motorcade route was finalized on November 18 and announced to the public a few days before November 22, the White House staff informed the Secret Service that the President would arrive there via a short flight from Carswell Air Force Base in Fort Worth to Dallas Love Field. Leaving from Dallas Love Field,45 minutes had been allotted for the motorcade to reach the Trade Mart at an arrival time of 12,15 p. m. The actual route was chosen to be a meandering 10-mile route between the two places, which could be driven slowly in the allotted time, on November 14, both men attended a meeting at Love Field and drove over the route that Sorrels believed best suited for the motorcade. From Love Field, the route passed through a portion of Dallas, through Downtown along Main Street. The planned route to the Trade Mart was widely reported in Dallas newspapers several days before the event, for the benefit of people who wished to view the motorcade. The route on Main Street precluded a direct turn onto the Fort Worth Turnpike exit, the Texas School Book Depository was situated at this corner of Houston and Elm. Three vehicles were used for Secret Service and police protection in the Dallas motorcade, the first car, an unmarked white Ford, carried Dallas Police Chief Jesse Curry, Secret Service Agent Win Lawson, Sheriff Bill Decker and Dallas Field Agent Forrest Sorrels. The second car, a 1961 Lincoln Continental convertible, held driver Agent Bill Greer, SAIC Roy Kellerman, Governor John Connally, Nellie Connally, President Kennedy, Secret Service agents Clint Hill, Jack Ready, Tim McIntyre and Paul Landis rode on the running boards. By the time the motorcade reached Dealey Plaza, they were five minutes away from their planned destination. At 12,30 p. m. President, you cant say Dallas doesnt love you and those were the last words ever spoken by John F. Kennedy
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
–
An
aerial view of
Dealey Plaza showing the route of President Kennedy's motorcade
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
–
President Kennedy with his wife, Jacqueline, and
Texas Governor John Connally and his wife, Nellie, in the
presidential limousine, minutes before the President's assassination
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
–
Ike Altgens ' photo of the Presidential limousine taken between the first and second shots that hit President Kennedy. President Kennedy's left hand is in front of his throat and Mrs. Kennedy's left hand is holding his arm.
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
–
Polaroid photo by
Mary Ann Moorman taken a fraction of a second after the fatal shot (detail).
5.
Journalist
–
A journalist is a person who collects, writes, or distributes news or other current information. A journalists work is called journalism, a journalist can work with general issues or specialize in certain issues. However, most journalists tend to specialize, and by cooperating with other journalists, for example, a sports journalist covers news within the world of sports, but this journalist may be a part of a newspaper that covers many different topics. A reporter is a type of journalist who researches, writes, and reports on information in order to present in sources, conduct interviews, engage in research, and make reports. The information-gathering part of a job is sometimes called reporting. Reporters may split their time working in a newsroom and going out to witness events or interviewing people. Reporters may be assigned a beat or area of coverage. Depending on the context, the term journalist may include various types of editors, editorial writers, columnists, Journalism has developed a variety of ethics and standards. While objectivity and a lack of bias are of concern and importance, more liberal types of journalism, such as advocacy journalism and activism. This has become prevalent with the advent of social media and blogs, as well as other platforms that are used to manipulate or sway social and political opinions. These platforms often project extreme bias, as sources are not always held accountable or considered necessary in order to produce a written, nor did they often directly experience most social problems, or have direct access to expert insights. These limitations were made worse by a media that tended to over-simplify issues and to reinforce stereotypes, partisan viewpoints. As a consequence, Lippmann believed that the public needed journalists like himself who could serve as analysts, guiding “citizens to a deeper understanding of what was really important. ”Journalists sometimes expose themselves to danger. Organizations such as the Committee to Protect Journalists and Reporters Without Borders publish reports on press freedom, as of November 2011, the Committee to Protect Journalists reports that 887 journalists have been killed worldwide since 1992 by murder, crossfire or combat, or on dangerous assignment. The ten deadliest countries for journalists since 1992 have been Iraq, Philippines, Russia, Colombia, Mexico, Algeria, Pakistan, India, Somalia, Brazil and Sri Lanka. The Committee to Protect Journalists also reports that as of December 1st 2010,145 journalists were jailed worldwide for journalistic activities. The ten countries with the largest number of currently-imprisoned journalists are Turkey, China, Iran, Eritrea, Burma, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Cuba, Ethiopia, apart from the physical harm, journalists are harmed psychologically. This applies especially to war reporters, but their offices at home often do not know how to deal appropriately with the reporters they expose to danger
Journalist
–
A
television reporter holding a
microphone in front of a
cameraman.
Journalist
–
Photojournalists at the
2013 World Championships in Athletics.
Journalist
–
A reporter interviewing Boris Johnson, Mayor of London.
Journalist
–
Journalism
6.
World War II
–
World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
World War II
–
Clockwise from top left: Chinese forces in the
Battle of Wanjialing, Australian
25-pounder guns during the
First Battle of El Alamein, German
Stuka dive bombers on the
Eastern Front in December 1943, a U.S. naval force in the
Lingayen Gulf,
Wilhelm Keitel signing the
German Instrument of Surrender, Soviet troops in the
Battle of Stalingrad
World War II
–
The
League of Nations assembly, held in
Geneva,
Switzerland, 1930
World War II
–
Adolf Hitler at a German
National Socialist political rally in
Weimar, October 1930
World War II
–
Italian soldiers recruited in 1935, on their way to fight the
Second Italo-Abyssinian War
7.
First Lady of the United States
–
First Lady of the United States is the informal but accepted title held by the wife of the President of the United States, concurrent with the presidents term of office. Although the first lady’s role has never been codified or officially defined, melania Trump is the current First Lady. While the title was not in use until much later, Martha Washington, the wife of George Washington. During her lifetime she was referred to as Lady Washington. Since the 1790s the role of first lady has changed considerably and it has come to include involvement in political campaigns, management of the White House, championship of social causes, and representation of the president at official and ceremonial occasions. Additionally, over the individual first ladies have held influence in a range of sectors. Historically, should a president be unmarried, or a widower, the use of the title First Lady to describe the spouse or hostess of an executive began in the United States. In the early days of the republic, there was not a generally accepted title for the wife of the president. Indulging in no indolence, she left the pillow at dawn, sometime after 1849, the title began being used in Washington, D. C. social circles. The title first gained recognition in 1877, when newspaper journalist Mary C. Ames referred to Lucy Webb Hayes as the First Lady of the Land while reporting on the inauguration of Rutherford B, the frequent reporting on Lucy Hayes activities helped spread use of the title outside Washington. A popular 1911 comedic play about Dolley Madison by playwright Charles Nirdlinger, titled The First Lady in the Land, by the 1930s, it was in wide use. Use of the later spread from the United States to other nations. The wife of the Vice President of the United States is sometimes referred to as the Second Lady of the United States, the position of the First Lady is not an elected one and carries only ceremonial duties. Nonetheless, first ladies have held a highly visible position in American society, the role of the First Lady has evolved over the centuries. She is, first and foremost, the hostess of the White House and she organizes and attends official ceremonies and functions of state either along with, or in place of, the president. Lisa Burns identifies four main themes of the first ladyship, as public woman, as political celebrity, as political activist. Martha Washington created the role and hosted many affairs of state at the national capital and this socializing became known as the Republican Court and provided elite women with an opportunity to play backstage political role
First Lady of the United States
–
Incumbent
Michelle Obama
First Lady of the United States
–
Dolley Madison was said to be the first President's wife to be referred to as "First Lady" at her funeral in 1849.
First Lady of the United States
–
First Ladies (from left to right)
Michelle Obama,
Laura Bush, former Secretary of State and presidential candidate
Hillary Clinton,
Barbara Bush, and
Rosalynn Carter during the dedication of the
George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum in 2013.
First Lady of the United States
–
Missouri Governor
John Ashcroft and First Lady
Barbara Bush with a "Parents as Teachers" group at the
Greater St. Louis Ferguson-Florissant School District in October 1991. Mrs. Bush (in rocking chair) is reading
Brown Bear, Brown Bear to the children.
8.
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
–
Jacqueline Lee Jackie Kennedy Onassis was the wife of the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, and First Lady of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. Bouvier was the daughter of Wall Street stockbroker John Vernou Bouvier III. In 1951, she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in French literature from George Washington University, in 1952, Bouvier met Congressman John F. Kennedy at a dinner party. In November of that year, he was elected as a United States Senator from Massachusetts, and they had four children, two of whom died in infancy. As First Lady, she was known for her highly publicized restoration of the White House and her emphasis on arts, on November 22,1963, she was riding with the President in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas, when he was assassinated. She and her children withdrew from view after his funeral. Following her second death in 1975, she had a career as a book editor for the final two decades of her life. She is remembered for her contributions to the arts and preservation of historic architecture, as well as for her style, elegance. She was an icon, and her famous ensemble of pink Chanel suit. She ranks as one of the most popular First Ladies and in 1999 was named on Gallups list of Most Admired Men and Women in 20th-century America. Jacqueline Lee Bouvier was born on July 28,1929, at Southampton Hospital in Southampton, New York, to Wall Street stockbroker John Vernou Black Jack Bouvier III, Bouviers mother was of Irish descent, and her father had French, Scottish, and English ancestry. Named after her father, Bouvier was baptized at the Church of St. Ignatius Loyola in Manhattan and her younger sister Lee was born in 1933. Bouvier spent her childhood years in Manhattan and at Lasata. She idolized her father, who favored her over her sister. From an early age, Bouvier was an equestrienne and successfully competed in the sport. She also took lessons, was an avid reader, and excelled at learning languages. Bouvier enrolled in the Chapin School in Manhattan in 1935, which she attended for grades 1–6. She was a student but often misbehaved, one of her teachers described her as a darling child, the prettiest little girl, very clever, very artistic
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
–
Jacqueline Kennedy at the
White House in 1961
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
–
Jacqueline Bouvier at age six.
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
–
Jacqueline Kennedy at
Hammersmith Farm in Newport, Rhode Island on her wedding day, September 12, 1953
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
–
Jacqueline campaigning with her husband in
Appleton, Wisconsin, in March 1960
9.
SS-100-X
–
Secret Service code name for the presidential limousine originally used by the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy. The limousine is the one that Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy were passengers in when the President was assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22,1963. Following Kennedys assassination, the car received significant armor plating and a bullet-proof hardtop and its navy blue exterior was painted black. It resumed its role as a limousine for President Lyndon B. Johnson until 1967 and later remained in service until 1978. SS-100-X was originally a standard 1961 Lincoln Continental four door convertible built by the Ford Motor Company and assembled at the Wixom and it had a retail price of $7,347. The car was moved to the Experimental Garage at the Ford Proving Grounds where an additional 41 inches was added between the front and rear doors and just beyond the rear doors, the cars frame was strengthened to accommodate the additional length and weight. It was painted a navy blue color and taken to Hess & Eisenhardt of Cincinnati, Ohio for reupholstering. During the refit the car had no bulletproof or bullet-resistant additions added, the windshield remained the standard two-ply safety glass which could be easily replaced at any dealership. It was first delivered to the White House on June 15,1961 and measured 255 long, had a wheelbase of 156, was 78.6 wide, and 57 high. It weighed 7,800 lbs, up 1,585 lbs from factory weight, and was powered by a hand-built 350-horsepower 430 cubic inch Ford MEL engine. An open car, the Lincoln was equipped with an assortment of tops, including a bubble top, a black cover for the bubble, a formal rear top. It also featured two-way radio telephones and retractable steps and grab-handles for Secret Service agents, no armor plate was added to the bodywork, but the undercarriage and all suspension components were strengthened. A hydraulically-lifted rear seat was fitted, at the time of the assassination, the Lincoln had been fitted with a 1962-model front clip. It had a special short-turn radius,61.9 feet, total cost of modifications was approximately $200,000. The limousine was registered to the Ford Motor Company and was leased to the Secret Service for a fee of $500 per year. The limousine carried the District of Columbia license plate GG300, in November 2015, the license plates were sold at auction for $100,000. Following the shooting of President Kennedy and Governor Connally at approximately 12.30 pm, the Plexiglas bubble top and cloth cover were then attached. Later that afternoon at 3.30 pm CST the limousine was taken to Love Field and boarded on a C-130 and flown to Andrews Air Force Base, Washington DC, after arrival at Andrews AFB, the limo was delivered to the White House garage
SS-100-X
–
The car on display in the
Henry Ford Museum
SS-100-X
–
JFK, Jackie, and the Connallys in the presidential limousine seconds before his
assassination
10.
United States Secret Service
–
The United States Secret Service is a federal law enforcement agency under the U. S. Department of Homeland Security. Until 2003, the Service was part of the U. S. Department of the Treasury, the Secret Services initial responsibility was to investigate counterfeiting of U. S. currency, which was rampant following the U. S. Civil War. The agency then evolved into the United States first domestic intelligence and counterintelligence agency, the Secret Service has two primary missions, investigation of financial crimes and physical protection of designated protectees. After the 1901 assassination of President William McKinley, Congress also directed the Secret Service to protect the President of the United States, Protection remains the other key mission of the United States Secret Service. From 1997 until 2013, legislation became effective limiting Secret Service protection to former Presidents, President Barack Obama signed legislation reversing this limit and reinstating lifetime protection on January 10,2013. The Secret Service investigates thousands of incidents a year of individuals threatening the President of the United States, the Director of Secret Service is appointed by the President of the United States. With a reported one third of the currency in circulation being counterfeit at the time, Chief William P. Wood was sworn in by Secretary of the Treasury Hugh McCulloch. It was commissioned in Washington, D. C. as the Secret Service Division of the Department of the Treasury with the mission of suppressing counterfeiting, the legislation creating the agency was on Abraham Lincolns desk the night he was assassinated. At the time, the other federal law enforcement agencies were the United States Park Police. Post Office Departments Office of Instructions and Mail Depredations, and the U. S. Marshals Service, the Marshals did not have the manpower to investigate all crime under federal jurisdiction, so the Secret Service began to investigate everything from murder to bank robbery to illegal gambling. After the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901, Congress informally requested that the Secret Service provide presidential protection, a year later, the Secret Service assumed full-time responsibility for presidential protection. In 1902, William Craig became the first Secret Service agent to die while serving, the Secret Service was the first U. S. domestic intelligence and counterintelligence agency. Domestic intelligence collection and counterintelligence responsibilities were vested in the Federal Bureau of Investigation upon the FBIs creation in 1908, the Secret Service assisted in arresting Japanese American leaders and in the Japanese American internment during World War II. Secret Service is not a part of the U. S, on October 16, the day of the summit, Burnham discovered a man holding a concealed palm pistol standing at the El Paso Chamber of Commerce building along the procession route. Burnham signaled a Texas Ranger, Private C. R. Moore, in 1950, President Harry S. Truman was residing in Blair House while the White House, across the street, was undergoing renovations. On November 1,1950, two Puerto Rican nationalists, Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola, approached Blair House with the intent to assassinate President Truman, Collazo and Torresola opened fire on Private Leslie Coffelt and other White House Police officers. Though mortally wounded by three shots from a 9 mm German Luger to his chest and abdomen, Private Coffelt returned fire, as of 2017, Coffelt is the only member of the Secret Service killed while protecting a US president against an assassination attempt. Collazo was also shot, but survived his injuries and served 29 years in prison before returning to Puerto Rico in late 1979, in 1968, as a result of Robert F. Kennedys assassination, Congress authorized protection of major presidential and vice presidential candidates and nominees
United States Secret Service
–
Secret Service Special Agents and Special Officers (foreground) protecting the
President of the United States,
George W. Bush in 2007.
United States Secret Service
–
Logo of the U.S. Secret Service
United States Secret Service
–
Secret Service agents providing security for
Pope Benedict XVI in Washington, D.C.
United States Secret Service
–
Secret Service agents in response to the assassination attempt of
Ronald Reagan by
John Hinckley, Jr. on March 30, 1981
11.
Clint Hill (Secret Service)
–
Clinton J. Clint Hill is a former United States Secret Service agent who was in the presidential motorcade during the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22,1963, in Dallas, Texas. This action was documented in the Zapruder film, Hill is the last surviving passenger of the presidential limousine that arrived at Parkland Hospital. Hill was born in Larimore, North Dakota, to a Norwegian mother and his birth parents homesteaded near Roseglen. At three months of age, he was placed in an orphanage in Fargo, where he was adopted by another Norwegian family in Chris, originally named Haugen, the family later changed its name to the English version of the name, Haugen means the hill in Norwegian. Hills new family took him to Washburn, where he graduated from Washburn High School. He also attended Concordia College in Moorhead, Minnesota, where he played football, studied history, after college, Hill joined the Army and became a Counterintelligence Special Agent where he served until 1957. After the Army, Hill joined the Secret Service and was assigned to the Denver Secret Service office, in 1958, Hill served on the detail for President Dwight D. Eisenhower. After John F. Kennedy was elected President of the United States, Hill was assigned to protect the First Lady, Jacqueline Kennedy. President Kennedy was assassinated on November 22,1963, in Dallas, Texas, during a motorcade through the city, the President and Mrs. Kennedy were riding in an open limousine containing three rows of seats. Hill was riding on the front running board of the Secret Service car immediately behind the presidential limousine. As soon as the shooting began, Hill began running to overtake the moving car in front of him and he climbed from the rear bumper, crawling over the trunk to the back seat where the President and First Lady were located. In the moments immediately after the fatal shots Mrs. Kennedy was seen climbing out of the seat towards the trunk. Hill pushed her back into the car and covered her and the wounded president with his body. Hill, along with Secret Service agents Kellerman, Greer, and Rufus Youngblood, provided testimony to the Warren Commission in Washington, D. C. on March 9,1964. Hill grabbed a small handrail on the rear of the trunk. He had repeated this wish only a few days before, during his visit to Tampa, the notion that the Presidents instructions in Tampa jeopardized his security in Dallas has since been denied by Hill and other agents. Regardless of Kennedys statement, photos taken of the motorcade along earlier segments of the route show Hill riding on the step at the back of the car. As an alternate explanation, fellow agent Gerald Blaine cites the location of the shooting, We were going into a freeway, so we would not have had any agents there anyway
Clint Hill (Secret Service)
–
Clint Hill on the
Presidential limousine moments after Kennedy's assassination.
12.
Lee Harvey Oswald
–
Lee Harvey Oswald was an American former U. S. Marine who assassinated President John F. Kennedy on November 22,1963. Shortly after being discharged from the Marine Corps, Oswald defected to the Soviet Union in October 1959 and he lived in the Belarusian city of Minsk until June 1962, at which time he returned to the United States with Marina, his Russian wife, eventually settling in Dallas. Following Kennedys assassination, Oswald was initially arrested for the murder of police officer J. D. Tippit, Oswald was later charged with the murder of Kennedy. He denied shooting anybody, saying that he was a patsy, two days later, while being transferred from the city jail to the county jail, Oswald was fatally shot by Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby in full view of television cameras broadcasting live. In September 1964, the Warren Commission concluded that Oswald acted alone in assassinating Kennedy by firing three shots from the Texas School Book Depository and this conclusion was supported by previous investigations carried out by the FBI, the Secret Service, and the Dallas Police Department. The assassination has spawned numerous conspiracy theories, Oswald was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on October 18,1939 to Robert Edward Lee Oswald, Sr. and Marguerite Frances Claverie. Robert Oswald died of an attack two months before Lee was born. Lees elder brother Robert, Jr. was also a former Marine, through Marguerites first marriage to Edward John Pic, Jr. Lee and Robert Jr. were the half-brothers of Air Force veteran John Edward Pic. In 1944, Marguerite moved the family from New Orleans to Dallas, Texas, Oswald entered the 1st grade in 1945 and over the next half-dozen years attended several different schools through the 6th grade in the Dallas and Fort Worth areas. Oswald took an IQ test in the 4th grade and scored 103, on achievement tests in, he twice did best in reading, as a child, Oswald was described by several people who knew him as withdrawn and temperamental. In August 1952, when Oswald was 12, his mother took him to New York City where they lived for a time with Oswalds half-brother. Oswald and his mother were asked to leave after an argument in which Oswald allegedly struck his mother. Oswald attended the 7th grade in the Bronx, New York, but was often truant, the reformatory psychiatrist, Dr. Dr. Hartogs detected a personality pattern disturbance with schizoid features and passive-aggressive tendencies and recommended continued treatment. In January 1954, Oswalds mother returned to New Orleans, taking Oswald with her, in New Orleans, Oswald completed the 8th and 9th grades. He entered the 10th grade in 1955 but quit school after one month, after leaving school, Oswald worked for several months as an office clerk and messenger in New Orleans. In July 1956, Oswalds mother moved the family to Fort Worth, Texas, a few weeks later in October, Oswald quit school at age 17 to join the Marines, he never received a high school diploma. By the age of 17, he had resided at 22 different locations, though the young Oswald had trouble spelling and may have had a reading-spelling disability, he read voraciously. By age 15, he claimed to be a Marxist, writing in his diary, I was looking for a key to my environment, I had to dig for my books in the back dusty shelves of libraries
Lee Harvey Oswald
–
Photo taken in
Minsk, Commission Exhibit 2892
Lee Harvey Oswald
–
Oswald when he served in the US Marine Corps
Lee Harvey Oswald
–
Apartment building where Oswald lived in Minsk
Lee Harvey Oswald
–
Oswald rented an apartment in this building in
Uptown New Orleans c. May–September 1963.
13.
Texas School Book Depository
–
The Texas School Book Depository, now known as the Dallas County Administration Building, is a seven-floor building facing Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas, United States. The building is most notable for its connection to the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22,1963, an employee, Lee Harvey Oswald, shot and killed the president from a sixth floor window on the buildings southeastern corner. The structure is a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark and it is located at 411 Elm Street on the northwest corner of Elm and North Houston Streets, at the western end of downtown Dallas. The site of the building was owned by John Neely Bryan. During the 1880s, Maxime Guillot operated a shop on the property. In 1894, the Rock Island Plow Company bought the land, and four years later constructed a five story building for its Texas division, in 1901, the building was hit by lightning and nearly burned to the ground. It was rebuilt in 1902 in the Commercial Romanesque Revival style, in 1937 the property was acquired by the Carraway Byrd Corporation, and after the company defaulted on the loan, it was bought at public auction July 4,1939 by D. Harold Byrd. In November 1961, Sexton Foods moved to a distribution facility located at 650 Regal Row Dallas. Refurbishment after Sextons departure saw the addition on the first four floors of partitions, carpeting, air conditioning and a new passenger elevator. In 1963, the building was in use as a warehouse for the storage of school textbooks and related materials. Some time after the company moved in, it was found that the floors had sustained oil damage from items stored there by the previous tenant. To protect the books from oil seeping up from the floor. While in police custody, Oswald was murdered by Jack Ruby before he could stand trial, in addition to its building at Elm and Houston, the Texas School Book Depository Company maintained a second warehouse at 1917 Houston. Several blocks north of the building, the short four-story structure was well removed from the parade route. Oswalds supervisor, Roy Truly, told the Warren Commission that he had had the option to assign Oswald to either building on his first day at work, I might have sent Oswald to work. Oswald and another fellow reported for work on the same day and this second building was eventually destroyed to make way for the Woodall Rodgers Freeway. In 1972, ownership reverted to Byrd, and the building was purchased in 1977 by the government of Dallas County, after renovating the lower five floors of the building for use as county government offices, the Dallas County Administration Building was dedicated on March 29,1981. On Presidents Day 1989, the floor opened to the public as the Sixth Floor Museum of assassination-related exhibits
Texas School Book Depository
–
Dallas County Administration Building in 2015, formerly the Texas School Book Depository
Texas School Book Depository
Texas School Book Depository
–
Ike Altgens photograph made during the
assassination of John F. Kennedy. Kennedy is seen behind the rear-view mirror with his hands in front of his throat, and with
Jacqueline Kennedy 's gloved hand on his left arm. Behind the limousine is the Elm Street entrance to the Texas School Book Depository.
Texas School Book Depository
–
As it appeared in 1969, when still used as the Texas School Book Depository.
14.
Given name
–
A given name is a part of a persons personal name. It identifies a person, and differentiates that person from other members of a group, such as a family or clan. The term given name refers to the fact that the name usually is bestowed upon a person and this contrasts with a surname, which is normally inherited, and shared with other members of the childs immediate family. Given names are used in a familiar and friendly manner in informal situations. In more formal situations the surname is commonly used, unless it is necessary to distinguish between people with the same surname. The idioms on a basis and being on first-name terms allude to the familiarity of addressing another by a given name. The order given name – family name, commonly known as the Western order, is used throughout most European countries and in countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by Western Europe. The order family name – given name, commonly known as the Eastern order, is used in East Asia, as well as in Southern and North-Eastern parts of India. The order given name - fathers family name - mothers family name is used in Spanish-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. Today the order can also be changed legally in Spain using given name - mothers family name - fathers family name, under the common Western naming convention, people may have one or more forenames. If more than one, there is usually a main forename for everyday use, sometimes however two or more forenames may carry equal weight. There is no particular ordering rule for forenames – often the main forename is at the beginning, a childs given name or names are usually chosen by the parents soon after birth. If a name is not assigned at birth, one may be given at a ceremony, with family. In most jurisdictions, a name at birth is a matter of public record, inscribed on a birth certificate. In western cultures, people normally retain the same name throughout their lives. However, in some cases names may be changed by petitioning a court of law. People may also change their names when immigrating from one country to another with different naming conventions, in France, the agency can refer the case to a local judge. Some jurisdictions, like in Sweden, restrict the spelling of names, parents may choose a name because of its meaning
Given name
–
Most popular US baby names in 1880–2012
15.
North Dallas High School
–
North Dallas High School is a public secondary school located in the Oak Lawn area of Dallas, Texas. North Dallas enrolls students in grades 9-12 and is a part of the Dallas Independent School District, as of 2010 the principal administrator is Dinnah Escanilla. In 2015, the school was rated Met Standard by the Texas Education Agency, by 1925, the school had developed sufficient community loyalty that a district decision to rename the school as Clinton P. In the early 1990s the school size placed it athletically in the 5A sports until late 2000 it dropped to 4A to compete athletically. The school serves most of the Oak Lawn area, Maple Lawn, Uptown, Victory Park, Perry Heights, Turtle Creek, Cedar Springs, Bryan Place, Regents Park on Gillespie Street, and Cityplace. The school also serves a portion of downtown Dallas, Deep Ellum, Old East Dallas, the following elementary schools feed into North Dallas, PK-6, Arlington Park, Chávez, Hernandez, Houston, Maple Lawn, Medrano, Milam, Ray, and Zaragoza. PK-5, John F. Kennedy PK-3, Bonham, Fannin Rusk and Spence Middle Schools, in 2010 a mural depicting characters created by Tex Avery, an alumnus of the school, was painted into the walls of the school campus. There are multiple murals being painted along both walls in the way, each by a student or a small group of students who were either in an art class or had well-known talent in the school. The judging took place on February 24 and on February 26 was a celebration of Tex Averys birthday of the same date, the winner of the competition was assigned to design the new Bulldog mascot for the school to be placed on shirts and more. The boys baseball team plays its games at historic Reverchon Park in Dallas. The baseball teams playoff appearance in 2006 marked its first postseason appearance since 1973, North Dallas High School also has a district winning Tennis team. North Dallas High School also competes in Varsity Football, the up-and-coming program has a strong tradition with its community, alumni, parents and staff and is known for its, never give up attitude. North Dallas High School had a team from 1997 to 2000. This team had several regional winners as well as state qualifiers and winners and it was closed due to budget cuts in 2000. North Dallas High School has a booster club from their alumni. Most notably from the class in the 50s through 60s, alumni meetings are held often and discuss various topics about the school and its community. Fund raisers, bake sales, car shows, golf tournaments etc. are held often to raise funds that allow the school to buy letterman jackets for its students and it has been successful since the early 1950s. — longtime United States District Judge and counsel to President Lyndon B, the school was used in the TV show Walker, Texas Ranger, Soul of Winter
North Dallas High School
–
To graduate well educated students who are independent learners, creative problem solvers, and productive citizens.
16.
United States Coast Guard
–
The United States Coast Guard is a branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the countrys seven uniformed services. This has happened twice, in 1917, during World War I, created by Congress on 4 August 1790 at the request of Alexander Hamilton as the Revenue Marine, it is the oldest continuous seagoing service of the United States. As Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton headed the Revenue Marine, by the 1860s, the service was known as the U. S. Revenue Cutter Service and the term Revenue Marine gradually fell into disuse, the modern Coast Guard was formed by a merger of the Revenue Cutter Service and the U. S. Life-Saving Service on 28 January 1915, under the U. S. Department of the Treasury. As one of the five armed services, the Coast Guard has been involved in every U. S. war from 1790 to the Iraq War. As of 2014 the Coast Guard had over 36,000 men and women on duty,7,350 reservists,29,620 auxiliarists. In terms of size, the U. S. Coast Guard by itself is the worlds 12th largest naval force. Because of its authority, the Coast Guard can conduct military operations under the U. S. Department of Defense or directly for the President in accordance with Title 14 USC 1–3. The Coast Guards enduring roles are maritime safety, security, to carry out those roles, it has 11 statutory missions as defined in 6 U. S. C. §468, which include enforcing U. S. law in the worlds largest exclusive economic zone of 3.4 million square miles, the Coast Guards motto is the Latin phrase, Semper Paratus. In a 2005 article in Time magazine following Hurricane Katrina, the author wrote, the Coast Guards most valuable contribution to may be as a model of flexibility, and most of all, spirit. Wil Milam, a swimmer from Alaska told the magazine, In the Navy. Practicing for war, training for war, in the Coast Guard, it was, take care of our people and the mission will take care of itself. The Coast Guard carries out three basic roles, which are subdivided into eleven statutory missions. Both agencies maintain rescue coordination centers to coordinate this effort, and have responsibility for military and civilian search and rescue. The two services jointly provide instructor staff for the National Search and Rescue School that trains SAR mission planners and coordinators, previously located on Governors Island, New York, the school is now located at Coast Guard Training Center Yorktown at Yorktown, Virginia. The NRC also takes Maritime Suspicious Activity and Security Breach Reports, details on the NRC organization and specific responsibilities can be found in the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan. The Marine Information for Safety and Law Enforcement database system is managed and used by the Coast Guard for tracking pollution, the five uniformed services that make up the U. S
United States Coast Guard
–
A boatswain's mate watches from the side port door as
Coast Guard Cutter Bertholf's Over-The-Horizon small boat departs to receive personnel from Coast Guard Cutter Chandeleur in 2008.
United States Coast Guard
–
The official seal of the United States Coast Guard, adopted in December 1966.
United States Coast Guard
–
A Coast Guard
Aviation Survival Technician assisting with the rescue of a pregnant woman during
Hurricane Katrina.
United States Coast Guard
–
Search and Rescue Program Logo of the United States Coast Guard.
17.
Broadcasting
–
Broadcasting began with AM radio, which came into popular use around 1920 with the spread of vacuum tube radio transmitters and receivers. Before this, all forms of communication were one-to-one, with the message intended for a single recipient. Over the air broadcasting is usually associated with radio and television, the receiving parties may include the general public or a relatively small subset, the point is that anyone with the appropriate receiving technology and equipment can receive the signal. The field of broadcasting includes both government-managed services such as radio, community radio and public television, and private commercial radio. The U. S. Code of Federal Regulations, title 47, part 97 defines broadcasting as transmissions intended for reception by the general public, private or two-way telecommunications transmissions do not qualify under this definition. For example, amateur and citizens band radio operators are not allowed to broadcast, as defined, transmitting and broadcasting are not the same. Transmissions using a wire or cable, like television, are also considered broadcasts. In the 2000s, transmissions of television and radio programs via streaming digital technology have increasingly been referred to as broadcasting as well, the earliest broadcasting consisted of sending telegraph signals over the airwaves, using Morse code, a system developed in the 1830s by Samuel F. B. Morse, physicist Joseph Henry and Alfred Vail and they developed an electrical telegraph system which sent pulses of electric current along wires which controlled an electromagnet that was located at the receiving end of the telegraph system. A code was needed to transmit natural language using only these pulses, Morse therefore developed the forerunner to modern International Morse code. Audio broadcasting began experimentally in the first decade of the 20th century, by the early 1920s radio broadcasting became a household medium, at first on the AM band and later on FM. Television broadcasting started experimentally in the 1920s and became widespread after World War II, satellite broadcasting was initiated in the 1960s and moved into general industry usage in the 1970s, with DBS emerging in the 1980s. Originally all broadcasting was composed of signals using analog transmission techniques but in the 2000s. In general usage, broadcasting most frequently refers to the transmission of information, Analog audio vs. HD Radio Analog television vs.9 zettabytes. This is the equivalent of 55 newspapers per person per day in 1986. Historically, there have been several methods used for broadcasting electronic media audio and/or video to the public, Telephone broadcasting. Telephone broadcasting also grew to include telephone services for news and entertainment programming which were introduced in the 1890s. These telephone-based subscription services were the first examples of electrical/electronic broadcasting, Radio broadcasting, audio signals sent through the air as radio waves from a transmitter, picked up by an antenna and sent to a receiver
Broadcasting
–
Broadcasting antenna in
Stuttgart
Broadcasting
–
A
television studio production control room in
Olympia, Washington, August 2008.
Broadcasting
–
Radio station WTUL studio,
Tulane University,
New Orleans
Broadcasting
–
Topics and terminology
18.
Southern Methodist University
–
Southern Methodist University is a private research university in Dallas, University Park, and Highland Park, Texas. Founded in 1911 by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, SMU operates satellite campuses in Plano, Texas, SMU is owned by the South Central Jurisdiction of the United Methodist Church. Of the universitys 11,643 students,6,411 are undergraduates, the main campus of the university is divided into seven schools, including the Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, the Bobby B. The university was chartered on April 17,1911, by the five Annual Conferences in Texas of the Methodist Episcopal Church, classes were originally planned to start in 1913 but were postponed until 1915. SMU was established after the attempt to relocate Southwestern University from Georgetown, Texas, the first relocation effort by Polytechnic College president Hiram A. Boaz and spearheaded by Southwestern president Robert Stewart Hyer involved merging Southwestern with Polytechnic College. The post-merger university would retain the Southwestern name while occupying Polytechnics campus in Fort Worth, the merger never came to fruition, primarily because the Dallas Chamber of Commerce set up a committee to raise funds and entice Southwestern to relocate to Dallas. This proposal gained traction since Southwestern was operating a medical school in Dallas. Plans were drawn for the campuss first building, Memorial Hall, Southwesterns trustees rejected the relocation plan, prompting Hyers resignation and move to Dallas to establish Southern Methodist University. SMU retained close connections to Southwestern and Polytechnic, Southwestern president Hyer became SMUs first president and Hiram A. Boaz, a Southwestern graduate, resigned as president of Polytechnic to become SMUs second president. Polytechnic attempted to become a school of SMU before becoming a womens college. SMU acquired Southwesterns medical school in Dallas and operated it until 1915, Southwestern and SMU were athletic rivals until Southwestern became a small liberal arts college. The church decided to support the establishment of SMU and dramatically increase the size of Emory University at a new location in DeKalb County, at the 1914 meeting of the General Conference, SMU was designated the connectional institution for all Conferences west of the Mississippi River. Classes were planned to begin in 1913, but construction delays on the universitys first building prevented classes from starting until 1915. In the interim, the only functioning academic department at SMU was the college it had acquired from Southwestern University. SMU named its first building Dallas Hall in gratitude for the support of Dallas leaders and local citizens and it remains the universitys symbol and centerpiece. Designed by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge after the Rotunda at the University of Virginia, Dallas Hall opened its doors in 1915 and housed the university as well as a bank. It is registered in the National Register of Historic Places, SMUs nickname The Hilltop was inspired by Dallas Hall, which was built on a hill. The universitys first president, Robert Stewart Hyer, selected Harvard crimson, in 1927, Highland Park United Methodist Church, designed by architects Mark Lemmon and Roscoe DeWitt, was erected on campus
Southern Methodist University
–
Central Campus Quadrangle, Southern Methodist University (postcard, circa 1915–1924)
Southern Methodist University
–
Southern Methodist University
Southern Methodist University
–
The Laura Lee Blanton Hall during a rare snow storm
Southern Methodist University
–
Panoramic view of the main quadrangle
19.
Bachelor of Arts
–
A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
Bachelor of Arts
–
A certificate or diploma evidencing the granting of a bachelor's degree
20.
Science fiction
–
Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a literature of ideas. Science fiction is difficult to define, as it includes a range of subgenres and themes. Author and editor Damon Knight summed up the difficulty, saying science fiction is what we point to when we say it, a definition echoed by author Mark C. Glassy, who argues that the definition of science fiction is like the definition of pornography, you do not know what it is, in 1970 or 1971William Atheling Jr. According to science fiction writer Robert A, rod Serlings definition is fantasy is the impossible made probable. Science fiction is the improbable made possible, Science fiction is largely based on writing rationally about alternative possible worlds or futures. Science fiction elements include, A time setting in the future, in alternative timelines, a spatial setting or scenes in outer space, on other worlds, or on subterranean earth. Characters that include aliens, mutants, androids, or humanoid robots, futuristic or plausible technology such as ray guns, teleportation machines, and humanoid computers. Scientific principles that are new or that contradict accepted physical laws, for time travel, wormholes. New and different political or social systems, e. g. utopian, dystopian, post-scarcity, paranormal abilities such as mind control, telepathy, telekinesis Other universes or dimensions and travel between them. A product of the budding Age of Reason and the development of science itself. Isaac Asimov and Carl Sagan considered Keplers work the first science fiction story and it depicts a journey to the Moon and how the Earths motion is seen from there. Later, Edgar Allan Poe wrote a story about a flight to the moon, more examples appeared throughout the 19th century. Wells The War of the Worlds describes an invasion of late Victorian England by Martians using tripod fighting machines equipped with advanced weaponry and it is a seminal depiction of an alien invasion of Earth. In the late 19th century, the scientific romance was used in Britain to describe much of this fiction. This produced additional offshoots, such as the 1884 novella Flatland, the term would continue to be used into the early 20th century for writers such as Olaf Stapledon. In the early 20th century, pulp magazines helped develop a new generation of mainly American SF writers, influenced by Hugo Gernsback, the founder of Amazing Stories magazine. In 1912 Edgar Rice Burroughs published A Princess of Mars, the first of his series of Barsoom novels, situated on Mars
Science fiction
–
A futuristic setting is a common but not a necessary hallmark of science fiction. A common thread in science fiction is exploring the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations on people's lives.
Science fiction
–
H. G. Wells
Science fiction
–
Jules Verne
Science fiction
–
Arthur C. Clarke
21.
Thriller (genre)
–
Thriller is a broad genre of literature, film and television, having numerous subgenres. Thrillers are characterized and defined by the moods they elicit, giving viewers heightened feelings of suspense, excitement, surprise, anticipation, successful examples of thrillers are the films of Alfred Hitchcock. Thrillers generally keep the audience on the edge of their seats as the plot builds towards a climax, the cover-up of important information is a common element. Literary devices such as red herrings, plot twists, and cliffhangers are used extensively, a thriller is usually a villain-driven plot, whereby he or she presents obstacles that the protagonist must overcome. Homers Odyssey is one of the oldest stories in the Western world and is regarded as a prototype of the thriller. Thrillers may be defined by the mood that they elicit. In short, if it thrills, it is a thriller, as the introduction to a major anthology explains, Suspense is a crucial characteristic of the thriller genre. It gives the viewer a feeling of pleasurable fascination and excitement mixed with apprehension, anticipation and tension and these develop from unpredictable, mysterious and rousing events during the narrative, which make the viewer or reader think about the outcome of certain actions. Suspense builds in order to make those final moments, no matter how short, the suspense in a story keeps the person hooked to reading or watching more until the climax is reached. In terms of expectations, it may be contrasted with curiosity. The objective is to deliver a story with sustained tension, surprise, the second type of suspense is the. anticipation wherein we either know or else are fairly certain about what is going to happen but are still aroused in anticipation of its actual occurrence. According to Greek philosopher Aristotle in his book Poetics, suspense is an important building block of literature, common methods and themes in crime and action thrillers are mainly ransoms, captivities, heists, revenge, kidnappings. Common in mystery thrillers are investigations and the whodunit technique, common elements in dramatic and psychological thrillers include plot twists, psychology, obsession and mind games. Common in horror thrillers are serial killers, stalking, deathtraps, elements such as fringe theories, false accusations and paranoia are common in paranoid thrillers. Threats to entire countries, spies, espionage, conspiracies, assassins, the themes frequently include terrorism, political conspiracy, pursuit, or romantic triangles leading to murder. Plots of thrillers involve characters which come into conflict with other or with outside forces. The protagonist of these films is set against a problem, no matter what subgenre a thriller film falls into, it will emphasize the danger that the protagonist faces. While protagonists of thrillers have traditionally been men, women characters are increasingly common
Thriller (genre)
–
A common theme in thrillers involves innocent victims dealing with deranged adversaries, as seen in Hitchcock's film
Rebecca (1940), where Mrs. Danvers tries to persuade Mrs. De Winter to leap to her death.
Thriller (genre)
–
A common occurrence in thrillers is characters being taken as
hostages and with a
ransom in need. (Hostages, 1896 painting by
Jean-Paul Laurens, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Lyon)
Thriller (genre)
–
Little Red Riding Hood is an early example of a psychotic stalker story, a common convention in the thriller genre (art by
Gustave Doré).
Thriller (genre)
–
Rear Window is considered to be one of Hitchcock's best and one of the
greatest movies ever made. The film received four
Academy Award nominations.
22.
Beyond the Time Barrier
–
Beyond the Time Barrier is a 1960 American Cold War-era black and white time travel science fiction film filmed in Texas in ten days. It starred and was produced by Robert Clarke and directed by Edgar G. Ulmer, ulmers wife Shirley acted as a script editor while their daughter Arianne Arden appeared as a Russian pilot. U. S. Air Force test pilot Major Bill Allison flies the X-80 experimental aircraft to sub-orbital spaceflight successfully, when Major Allison returns to the airbase it appears abandoned, old and deserted. Mystified, he sees a city on the horizon and heads toward it. The major is rendered unconscious and captured, when Allison wakes, he finds himself in a dystopian underground city known as the Citadel. Unnerved by his captors refusal to speak with him, Allison initially reacts hostilely, but he calms down and is brought to their leader. The Supreme explains that he and his second in command, the Captain, are the two residents of the Citadel who are able to speak or hear. The rest of the inhabitants, including the Supremes granddaughter Trirene, are deaf-mutes, a telepath, Trirene reads Allisons thoughts and indicates to the Supreme that she believes him not to be a spy, as the Captain suspects. The Captain sends Allison to be imprisoned with a group of a bald, as the mutants attack him, Allison overpowers one and demands answers. They claim to be the survivors of a plague. The Captain releases Allison and explains that Trirene has convinced the Supreme that he is not an enemy. Sensing his confusion, Trirene shows him photographs that help explain the Citadels history. After disabling surveillance devices, the scientists explain that Allison has traveled through time to the year 2024, nuclear weapons testing damaged the Earths atmosphere, letting through dangerous cosmic rays in 1971, resulting in the cosmic plague. Those who fled underground to the Citadel were still afflicted, although they were not as badly afflicted as those who stayed above ground, there have been no births in twenty years. The scapes themselves are also time travelers, Russian Captain Markova comes from 1973. Markova explains that the Supreme needs Allison to try to repopulate their society with Trirenes help, the scientists warn Allison not to trust the Citadel. As the Captain arrives to re-enable the security device, he in turn warns Allison not to trust the scientists, as Trirene and Allison spend more time together, they fall in love. Although initially reluctant, Allison joins the scapes in a plan to turn Trirene against her people so that he can return to the past, Markova sets the mutants free to attack the residents
Beyond the Time Barrier
–
Theatrical release poster
23.
Perrin Air Force Base
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Perrin Air Force Base is an inactive United States Air Force base, approximately 7 miles northwest of Sherman, Texas. It was active during World War II as pilot training airfield and during the Cold War as a combat crew and it was closed on 30 June 1971. After seeing the fighters take off from the base, a young Chesley Sullenberger became interested in flying, Perrin Air Force Base began as an army air field and was the first basic flying training school to become operational after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. In the spring of 1941, Grayson County leaders began to discuss the possibilities of a U. S. Army Air Corps basic flying school to be built in Grayson County. In March 1941 Grayson County Judge Jake J. Loy went to Washington, DC, on 16 June 1941, the Office of the Chief of the Air Corps drew up a program for construction. A tentative authorized strength of 199 officers,422 cadets,1730 enlisted men, on 9 August 1941, Major Robert J. Warren was the first person to report to duty at the partially constructed airfield, assuming duties as project officer and temporary commanding officer. Ten days later, five enlisted men arrived from San Angelo, TX, to assist Major Warren in the development of the airstrip, hangars, barracks, and field headquarters building. The airfield was laid out with four runways in a pattern, consisting of 4500x150, 2700x150, 4200x150, 5137x150. A large parking apron was constructed to accommodate the basic training aircraft with at least 6 maintenance hangars. East of the airfield, a support station was constructed consisting of about several hundred buildings based on standardized plans. To conserve critical materials, most facilities were constructed of wood, concrete, brick, gypsum board, Perrin Field was designed to be nearly self-sufficient, with not only hangars, but barracks, warehouses, hospitals, dental clinics, dining halls, and maintenance shops were needed. There were libraries, social clubs for both the officers and enlisted men, and stores, the airfield was officially activated on 20 September 1941 by the Army Air Forces Training Command, Gulf Coast Training Center. It was placed under the jurisdiction of the Army Air Corps Pilot School activated, the mission of the new airfield was the training of aviation cadets in the basic phase of flying training. On 12 November 1941, Lieutenant Colonel Donald G. Stitt was assigned to the airfield and assumed command on 19 November 1941, Lieutenant Colonel Stitt was, in effect, the first commander of the field. On 7 December 1941, the strength of the airfield stood at 90 officers and 545 enlisted men, lt. Col. Perrin was the Air Corpss most experienced B-26 pilot at the time of this accident. On 8 January 1943, the War Department constituted and activated the 32d Flying Training Wing at Perrin, normal manpower strength at base occurred in early 1943, averaging 2500 enlisted men and 300 officers. Training aircraft used at Perrin Field included approximately 250 BT-13s and AT-6s, Pilot cadet classes numbered between 300 and 400 students. Perrin Field hosted the 32nd Flying Training Wing from September 1943 to October 1945, graduating over 10,000 pilots, including cadets from Brazil, Mexico, Guatemala, the Philippines, the airfield also maintained a branch prisoner-of-war camp, holding about 200 German POWs
Perrin Air Force Base
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4780th Air Defense Wing Convair F-102A-75-CO Delta Dagger 56-1411
Perrin Air Force Base
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17 October 1943 oblique photo of Perrin Army Airfield
Perrin Air Force Base
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Perrin Air Force Base, 1952. Photo shows many World War II facilities still in use after the base's reactivation in 1948
24.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Dwight David Ike Eisenhower was an American politician and Army general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a general in the United States Army during World War II. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43, in 1951, he became the first Supreme Commander of NATO. Eisenhower was of mostly Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry and was raised in a family in Kansas by parents with a strong religious background. He graduated from West Point in 1915 and later married Mamie Doud, after World War II, Eisenhower served as Army Chief of Staff under President Harry S. Truman and then accepted the post of President at Columbia University. Eisenhower entered the 1952 presidential race as a Republican to counter the non-interventionism of Senator Robert A. Taft, campaigning against communism, Korea and he won in a landslide, defeating Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson and temporarily upending the New Deal Coalition. Eisenhower was the first U. S. president to be constitutionally term-limited under the 22nd Amendment, Eisenhowers main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. He ordered coups in Iran and Guatemala, Eisenhower gave major aid to help the French in the First Indochina War, and after the French were defeated he gave strong financial support to the new state of South Vietnam. Congress agreed to his request in 1955 for the Formosa Resolution, after the Soviet Union launched Sputnik in 1957, Eisenhower authorized the establishment of NASA, which led to the space race. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, Eisenhower condemned the Israeli, British and French invasion of Egypt and he also condemned the Soviet invasion during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 but took no action. Eisenhower sent 15,000 U. S. troops to Lebanon to prevent the government from falling to a Nasser-inspired revolution during the 1958 Lebanon crisis. Near the end of his term, his efforts to set up a meeting with the Soviets collapsed because of the U-2 incident. On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking executive privilege and he otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. Eisenhower was a conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security. Eisenhowers two terms saw considerable economic prosperity except for a decline in 1958. Voted Gallups most admired man twelve times, he achieved widespread popular esteem both in and out of office, since the late 20th century, consensus among Western scholars has consistently held Eisenhower as one of the greatest U. S. Presidents. The Eisenhauer family migrated from Karlsbrunn in the Saarland, to North America, first settling in York, Pennsylvania, in 1741, accounts vary as to how and when the German name Eisenhauer was anglicized to Eisenhower. Eisenhowers Pennsylvania Dutch ancestors, who were farmers, included Hans Nikolaus Eisenhauer of Karlsbrunn
Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight D. Eisenhower
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The Eisenhower family home,
Abilene, Kansas.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Eisenhower (2nd from left) and
Omar Bradley (2nd from right) were members of the
1912 West Point football team.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Eisenhower (far right) with three unidentified people in 1919, four years after graduating from West Point.
25.
Bonham, Texas
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Bonham is a city in Fannin County, Texas, United States. The population was 10,127 at the 2010 census and it is the county seat of Fannin County. James Bonham sought the aid of James Fannin at the Battle of the Alamo, Bonham is part of the Texoma region. Bonham is located slightly west of the center of Fannin County in northeastern Texas, U. S. Route 82, a two-lane bypass, crosses the northern part of the city, leading east 37 miles to Paris and west 27 miles to Sherman. Texas State Highway 78 passes through the center of Bonham, leading north 12 miles to the Oklahoma border at the Red River and south 10 miles to Bailey. Texas State Highway 56, following an old routing of US82, crosses Highway 78 in the center of Bonham, leading east 6 miles to Dodd City, Texas State Highway 121 leads southwest from Bonham 41 miles to McKinney. Dallas is 72 miles to the southwest via McKinney, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, Bonham has a total area of 9.8 square miles, all of it land. Bonham, one of the oldest cities in Texas, dates back to 1837 when Bailey Inglish built a blockhouse named Fort Inglish. It was located about 2 miles from the current downtown, Inglish and other acquaintances settled there in the summer of 1837, and the settlement was named Bois DArc. In 1843, the Congress of the Republic of Texas assigned the name Bloomington to the city, but finally renamed it Bonham, in honor of James Butler Bonham, on February 2,1848, Bonham was incorporated as a city. A1936 statue of Bonham by Texas sculptor Allie Tennant graces the courthouse grounds,1890 saw the addition of streetcars, an ice plant, and the opening of the Texas Power and Light Company, the utility provider to the area. In 1925, the city was connected to gas lines. Parts of the camp, located approximately 0.5 miles north of US82, as of the census of 2010, there were 10,127 people,2,959 households, and 1,861 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,067.1 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 75. 4% White,14. 8% African American, 1% Native American. 4% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,6. 7% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 15. 4% of the population. 32. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 32. 3% had someone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.05. In the city, the population was out with 21% under the age of 19, 9% from 20 to 24, 31% from 25 to 44,23. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, the median income for a household in the city was $27,277, and the median income for a family was $35,721
Bonham, Texas
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Fannin County Courthouse, Bonham, Texas. Built in 1889
26.
Sam Rayburn
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He represented Texas 4th congressional district as a Democrat from 1913 to 1961. Rayburn was born in Roane County, Tennessee, on January 6,1882,24 days before Franklin D. Roosevelt and he was the son of Martha Clementine and William Marion Rayburn. In 1887 the Rayburn family moved to a farm near Windom. Rayburn graduated from East Texas Normal College in Commerce and became a schoolteacher and he won election to the Texas House of Representatives, beginning his first term in 1907. He attended the University of Texas School of Law while a state representative, during his third two-year term in the Texas House, he was elected Speaker of the House at the age of twenty-nine. The next year, he won election to the United States House of Representatives in District 4 and he entered Congress in 1913 at the beginning of Woodrow Wilsons presidency and served in office for almost 49 years, until the beginning of John F. Kennedys presidency. For the next 21 years, Rayburn was the leader of the House Democrats and his career as Speaker was interrupted twice, 1947–1949 and 1953–1955, when Republicans controlled the House. During those periods of Republican rule, Rayburn served as Minority Leader, martin Jr. of Massachusetts, actually a close personal friend of Rayburns. Rayburn was instrumental to Lyndon Johnsons ascent to power, particularly his rapid rise to the position of Minority Leader, Johnson had been in the Senate for a mere four years when he assumed the role. Johnson also owed his subsequent elevation to Majority Leader to Rayburn, like Johnson, Rayburn did not sign the Southern Manifesto. Rayburn was a friend of Jaja Wachuku, the first indigenous Speaker of the Nigerian House of Representatives. Although many Texas legislators were on the payroll of public service corporations, when the first check came after I entered the firm, Mr. Thurmond brought to my desk one-third of the amount of the check, explaining what it was for. I never did take a dollar of it, I have been guided by the principle in all my dealings. This practice of refusing to accept fees from clients with interests before the legislature was virtually unheard-of at the time, later, while serving in Congress, a wealthy oil man had a very expensive horse delivered to Rayburns farm in Bonham. No one apparently knew the oil man delivered the horse except him, Rayburn, in shaping legislation, Rayburn preferred working quietly in the background to being in the public spotlight. As Speaker, he won a reputation for fairness and integrity, after he died his estate was valued at just under $300,000, which was mostly land he owned, and the amount of cash he had in various checking accounts was just over $26,000. Rayburn was well known among his colleagues for his after business hours Board of Education meetings in hideaway offices in the House, during these off-the-record sessions, the Speaker and powerful committee chairmen would gather for poker, bourbon, and a frank discussion of politics. Rayburn alone determined who received an invitation to these gatherings, to be invited to one was a high honor
Sam Rayburn
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Sam Rayburn
Sam Rayburn
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A statue of Rayburn in the
Rayburn House Office Building
Sam Rayburn
Sam Rayburn
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Speaker Rayburn is seated at right behind President
John F. Kennedy in this May 25, 1961 photograph showing Kennedy announcing the
Apollo program.
27.
Mercantile National Bank Building
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The Mercantile National Bank Building is a 31-story,159.4 m skyscraper at 1700 Main Street in the Main Street district of downtown Dallas, Texas. It is the home of the Mercantile National Bank, which later became MCorp Bank. The design of the skyscraper features Moderne styling from the Art Deco era and was designed by Walter W. Ahlschlager, the building has a series of setbacks that is crowned by an ornamental four-sided clock along with a decorative weather spire. The Merc was the element of a four-building complex that eventually spanned a full city block. The site along Ervay Street between Main and Commerce previously housed the landmark Post Office building constructed in 1889 which featured a prominent clock tower and gingerbread architecture. After abandonment, it was the subject of rumors, plans and schemes, the Mercantile National Bank Building was completed in 1942 and was the only major skyscraper constructed during World War II. The U. S. government had called for a halt of construction to fuel supply materials for the war effort. However, most of the steel had been prefabricated and was given a special waiver from the government. The bank lobby Art Deco wood murals were the largest in the world at the time, in addition to the bank and other offices, the federal government took 10 floors to hold offices for various war agencies. Mercantile Bank owner and founder Robert L. Thornton constructed his own penthouse level in the upper floors, in 1947, an illuminated tower was constructed, which KERA used for radio broadcasts. In 1958, this tower was replaced by the current illumination tower, in the 1960s, the original stone façade at the base of the building was covered by a modernist curtain wall facade. At its completion, the Merc was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River and it was the tallest building in Dallas until 1954, when Republic Bank Tower I surpassed it. The building has 31 stories, and when the 115 feet foot ornamental clock tower is included, is 545 feet feet tall and it also contains 359,348 square feet of floor space. The Merc was the element of a four building complex that eventually spanned a full city block. The Mercantile Securities Building was constructed immediately east of the tower in 1949 and was 14 stories tall. The Mercantile Dallas Building was completed in 1954 and it was 360 feet and 22 stories tall with 347,037 square feet inside. It was built behind the southern half of the Securities building, the final addition to the block was the Securities Annex in 1972. It initially was five stories and designed for expansion at a later date
Mercantile National Bank Building
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Mercantile National Bank Building shortly before opening. The distinctive clock tower and spire were added at a later date.
Mercantile National Bank Building
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The Main Tower of the Mercantile Complex pre-renovation, with the Securities Building in the middle and the Dallas Building behind.
Mercantile National Bank Building
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Construction and demolition of the additions showing tunnel portals under Main to
Comerica Bank Tower.
Mercantile National Bank Building
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The renovated Mercantile Place on Main, which includes the historic Mercantile building and new Element, both luxury apartments.
28.
Dealey Plaza
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Dealey Plaza /ˈdiːliː/, in the historic West End district of downtown Dallas, Texas, is the location of the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22,1963. Dealey Plaza is a Dallas city park, built on donated by early Dallas philanthropist. It was completed in 1940 as a WPA project on the west edge of downtown Dallas where three streets converge to pass under a bridge known locally as the triple underpass. The plaza is named for George Bannerman Dealey, a leader and early publisher of The Dallas Morning News. Monuments outlining the plaza honor previous prominent Dallas residents and predate President John F. Kennedys visit by many years, the actual monument honoring President Kennedy, in the form of a cenotaph, is one block away. Dealey Plaza is bounded on the south, east, and north sides by 100+ foot tall buildings, there is also a grassy knoll on the northwest side of the plaza. At the plazas west perimeter is an underpass beneath a railroad bridge. Today, the plaza is typically visited daily by tourists, the Sixth Floor Museum now occupies the top two floors of the seven-story former Book Depository. Since 1989, more than six people have visited the museum. Therefore, nothing of significance has been torn down or rebuilt in the immediate area, visitors to Dealey Plaza today will see street lights and street signs that were in use in 1963, though some have been moved to different locations and others removed entirely. Buildings immediately surrounding the plaza have not been changed since 1963, in late 2003, the city of Dallas approved construction project plans to restore Dealey Plaza to its exact appearance on November 22,1963. As of 2004, voters had approved US$500,000 of the $3,000,000 needed, the first phase of the restoration, which spent $700,000 for repair work and plumbing along Houston Streets, was completed in 2008. The grassy knoll is a small, sloping hill inside the plaza that became well-known following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the knoll was above Kennedy and to his right during the assassination on November 22,1963. These words were repeated on national television by Walter Cronkite in his second CBS News bulletin. The city of Dallas has lost the cases all 82 times. Dealey, Jerry T. D in the Heart of Texas, Dealey Plaza live cam MU. edu, Dallas to Dealey, The History of Dallas and Dealey Plaza. MU. edu, The Man Who Named the Grassy Knoll, Dealey Plaza, scaled map — by Donald Roberdeau. Assassinationscience. com, Composite panorama of Dealey Plaza, by John Costella, using Zapruder film frames, Dallas Police Department photos taken in 1963, and photos by Jack White
Dealey Plaza
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Dealey Plaza Historic District
Dealey Plaza
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National Historic Landmark plaque at Dealey Plaza.
Dealey Plaza
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The Grassy Knoll and Bryan pergola on the north side of Elm Street
29.
Motorcade
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A motorcade, or autocade, is a procession of vehicles. The term motorcade was coined by Lyle Abbot, and is formed after cavalcade on the notion that -cade was a suffix meaning procession. Eric Partridge called the name a monstrosity, and Lancelot Hogben considered the word to be a counterfeit coinage, the original suffix in cavalcade is actually -ade. A funeral cortege is a procession of mourners, most often in a motorcade of vehicles following a hearse, motorcades can be used as protests and demonstrations. A large, organised, group of vehicles will travel a route at very slow speed in order to deliberately cause traffic disruption. This is a tactic most often associated with protest groups that have access to large vehicles. An example is the 2005 UK protests against fuel prices, as part of the Euromaidan protests in Ukraine in November 2013—February 2014, the sub-movement that made use of car processions as the means of protest was called the Automaidan. Motorcades can be used to transport an important person, usually a political figure. Such a procession consists of vehicles, usually accompanied by law enforcement support. Motorcades for heads of government and heads of state can consist of dozens of vehicles, those being armoured cars, SUVs, depending on the size of the motorcade and who it is carrying, routes may be completely blockaded from the general public. For security, this is common with motorcades for heads of state or government, the major members travel in armored vehicles, typically specially configured limousines. The motorcade contains several armored vehicles, a USSS Electronic Countermeasures Suburban, a counter-assault team, when called for, a hazardous materials team precedes the motorcade on alert for potential hazards. A police presence precedes the beginning of the presidential motorcade and these cars and motorcycles usually drive ahead to clear the way and block traffic. The motorcade for the president is made up of two parts, the first being the secure package, in the event of an emergency, the secure package separates from the rest of the group. It includes two limousines heavily guarded by law enforcement and Secret Service, with all cars driven by professional drivers. The second part is made up of vans that transport White House staff members, motorcade routes are selected by Secret Service agents in cooperation with local police forces. Escape routes are established in the event of an emergency. Official state car Air transports of heads of state and government Detailed description of the motorcade of the President of the United States
Motorcade
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Presidential motorcade transporting then-U.S. President
George W. Bush in
Charlotte, North Carolina, July 2005
Motorcade
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Funeral motorcade of Russian patriarch
Alexy II in 2008
Motorcade
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Australian prime ministerial motorcade in Canberra, 2009
Motorcade
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Motorcade for
Queen Elizabeth II, en route to
CFB Winnipeg, 2010
30.
Dallas Love Field
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Dallas Love Field is a city-owned public airport 6 miles northwest of downtown Dallas, Texas. It was Dallas main airport until 1974 when Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport opened, the corporate headquarters for Southwest Airlines is located at Love Field. The airport is also a city for Southwest as well as for Virgin America. Seven full-service fixed-base operators provide general aviation service, fuel, maintenance, hangar rentals, some also provide meeting rooms, car rentals, limousine service and restaurants. His Wright Model C biplane crashed during practice for his Military Aviator Test, Love Field was named by the United States Army on October 19,1917. The airfield was one of thirty-two new Air Service fields and it was constructed just southeast of Bachman Lake, and it covered over 700 acres and could accommodate up to 1,000 personnel. Dozens of wooden buildings served as headquarters, maintenance, and officers’ quarters, enlisted men had to bivouac in tents. Love Field served as a base for training for the United States Army Air Service. In 1917, flight training occurred in two phases, primary and advanced, primary training took eight weeks and consisted of pilots learning basic flight skills under dual and solo instruction. After completion of their training at Love Field, flight cadets were then transferred to another base for advanced training. After officially opening on October 19,1917, the first unit stationed at Love Field was the 136th Aero Squadron, which was transferred from Kelly Field, south of San Antonio, Texas. Only a few U. S. Army Air Service aircraft arrived with the 136th Aero Squadron and it was assigned to the Aviation Repair Depot, Dallas Texas in April 1918. It was demobilized in March 1919, with the sudden end of World War I in November 1918, the future operational status of Love Field was unknown. Many local officials speculated that the U. S. government would keep the open because of the outstanding combat record established by Love-trained pilots in Europe. Locals also pointed to the weather conditions in the Dallas area for flight training. Cadets in flight training on November 11,1918, were allowed to complete their training, however, also the separate training squadrons were consolidated into a single Flying School detachment, as many of the personnel assigned were being demobilized. In what was called the largest recruiting mission in the spring and summer of 1919, clagett began with seven DH-4s departing Dallas and flying as far as Boston. A small caretaker unit was assigned to the facility for administrative reasons, in January 1921, 1st Lt William D
Dallas Love Field
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2006
USGS aerial photo
Dallas Love Field
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FAA airport diagram
Dallas Love Field
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Love Field in 1918 during World War I
Dallas Love Field
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136th Aero Squadron (Later Squadron "C") Love Field Texas, 1918
