Innisfail, Queensland

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Innisfail
Queensland
Innisfail outlay.JPG
The township of Innisfail, as seen from Coquette Point
Innisfail is located in Queensland
Innisfail
Innisfail
Coordinates17°31′25″S 146°01′45″E / 17.52361°S 146.02917°E / -17.52361; 146.02917Coordinates: 17°31′25″S 146°01′45″E / 17.52361°S 146.02917°E / -17.52361; 146.02917
Population7,176 (2011 census)[1]
Established1879 [2]
Postcode(s)4860
Elevation10 m (33 ft)[3]
Location
LGA(s)Cassowary Coast Region
State electorate(s)Hill
Federal Division(s)Kennedy
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
28.0 °C
82 °F		 19.4 °C
67 °F		 3,558.1 mm
140.1 in
Localities around Innisfail:
Culliane Culliane Innisfail Estate
Goondi Hill Innisfail Webb
Goondi Hill Mighell East Innisfail

Innisfail (from Irish: Inis Fáil) a town and locality in the Cassowary Coast Region in Far North Queensland, Australia.[4][5] The town was originally called Geraldton until 1910. It is the major township of the Cassowary Coast Region and is well renowned for its sugar and banana industries, as well as for being one of Australia's wettest towns. In March 2006 Innisfail gained worldwide attention when severe Tropical Cyclone Larry passed over causing extensive damage.[6][7] In the 2011 census, the town of Innisfail had a population of 7,176 people.[1]

History[edit]

Prior to European settlement the Innisfail area was occupied by five separate societies of the Mamu people. These Aboriginal people followed migratory lifestyles in the rainforest and traversed rivers in string-bark canoes.

The first arrival of European people came in 1872 when survivors of the shipwreck, the "Maria" arrived on the coastal areas surrounding what is now the Johnstone River. Sub-Inspector Robert Arthur Johnstone of the Native Police came with the intention of rescuing remaining survivors and collectively punishing Aboriginals thought to have killed a number of the shipwrecked crew. In mid 1873, Johnstone returned to the area as part of another punitive mission and ventured further upriver between what is today Flying Fish Point and Coquette Point.[8] Johnstone wrote very highly of the area, stating:

A most glorious view appeared - a noble reach of fresh water, studded with blacks with their canoes and catamarans, others on the sandy beaches; deep blue fresh water expanding to an imposing breadth.

— Robert Johnstone (1873), [2]
1874 map of the Johnstone River area showing Nind's Camp

In October 1873, Johnstone again returned as part of the Northeast Coast Expedition led by the explorer George Elphinstone Dalrymple. British settlement was first established at the junction of the north and south branches of the Johnstone River by this expedition on the 5th October 1873. It was named Nind's Camp after Philip Henry Nind who accompanied the party.[9]

Later in 1879, Irishman Thomas Henry FitzGerald arrived in the area to establish a sugar industry. He was accompanied by large numbers of Kanaka South Sea Islanders workers accompanied by smaller numbers of Irish labourers. The house built by FitzGerald and thus the first establishment in the area was called Innisfallen, after the largest island in the Lakes of Killarney, Ireland. Inis Fáil (Island of Destiny) is an ancient Irish name for Ireland itself.[4] The name is used in the rarely-sung third verse of "The Soldier's Song", the Irish national anthem. The stone mentioned may be the stone at Tara, Co Meath, at which high kings of Ireland were crowned.

Banana plantations in Geraldton (now Innisfail) in 1902

From 1879, the settlement was named Geraldton after FitzGerald, but in 1910 was renamed "Innisfail" to avoid confusion with the town of the same name in Western Australia.[10]

Johnstone River Post Office opened on 1 November 1882 (a receiving office had been open from 1880), was renamed Geraldton two months later and Innisfail in 1910.[11]

Architectural drawing of the Geraldton Hospital, 1885

In May 1885, the Queensland Government called for tenders to build the Geraldton Hospital to replace the existing tent hospital;[12] however, the tenders submitted were more expensive than the government was willing to pay, so they called again for tenders in September 1885 resulting in a contract with E. Couchman for £1527.[13][14]

In 1906 Patrick Leahy established the Johnstone River Advocate newspaper. Later it was renamed the Johnstone River Advocate and Innisfail News, the Evening Advocate, and the Innisfail Chronicle. The newspaper continues to be published as the Innisfail Advocate.[15]

The 1920s and 1930s saw the beginning of a major period of settlement by Italian immigrants and noteworthy populations from Greece and Malta. Later in this period populations from Yugoslavia, India and the Philippines would also settle in the area.[2][16]

Local rugby league footballer Kerry Boustead was the only player from outside the Sydney and Brisbane Leagues selected to represent Australia on the 1978 Kangaroo tour.

Innisfail War Memorial, 2006
Court house
Canecutters Memorial

The Innisfail War Memorial in Jack Fossey Park on Fitzgerald Esplanade was dedicated on 16 April 2005; it commemorates those who served in all wars.[17]

In the 2006 census, Innisfail had a population of 8,262 people.[18]

Today the town still boasts many good examples of the Art Deco and Streamline Moderne styles of architecture.

Innisfail State School opened on 18 July 1887 and Innisfail East State School opened on 3 February 1936. Innisfail State High School was open from 24 January 1955 until 2009 when it was amalgamated with the Innisfail Inclusive Education Centre - A State Special School and Tropical North Queensland TAFE (Innisfail Campus) to form Innisfail State College[19]

Heritage listings[edit]

Innisfail has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Culture[edit]

A large turnout of the Annual Harvest Festival Parade in 2005

Innisfail is diverse. There are populations of indigenous Australians, Europeans (in particular Italians), South Asians and East Asians (in particular Hmongs).[25][26][27]

Popular annual events to celebrate Innisfail's diversity include:[28]

  • Kulture Karnival
  • Festival Innisfail
  • Feast of the Senses
  • Feast of the Three Saints

In 2001 Los Angeles band Sugar Ray filmed part of their music DVD "Music in High Places" at the Johnstone Crocodile Farm in Innisfail.

The township has only 2 secondary schools: Good Counsel College and Innisfail State College and a single business district.

There are many events that act predominantly as community events, the main ones include:

While Innisfail was always reputed to have a positive sense of community spirit, the aftermath of Tropical Cyclone Larry and the unified cleanup effort acted to promote this spirit through shared suffering.[29]

Amenities[edit]

The Cassowary Coast Regional Council operates a public library at 49 Rankin Street.[30] The current library opened in 2015.[31]

The Innisfail branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the CWA Hall at 1 McGowan Drive.[32]

Religion[edit]

Chinese Australians built the Innisfail Temple/Lit Sing Gung (列聖宮) in Owen Street, which is now open to other races and religions.[1]

Geography[edit]

Innisfail's town centre is situated at the junction of the North and South Johnstone Rivers, approximately 5 km (3 mi) from the coast.[33] It is located near large tracts of old-growth tropical rainforest surrounded by vast areas of extensive farmlands. Queensland's highest mountain, Mount Bartle Frere; part of Australia's Great Dividing Range, is 15 kilometres (9 mi) to the north.[34]

Climate[edit]

Innisfail experiences a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification Af) as it has no month with a mean temperature below 18 °C (64.4 °F) or with less than 60 millimetres (2.4 in) of rainfall.[35] Consistently, humid, very warm to hot weather dominates in Innisfail. In particular Innisfail is reputed as being among the wettest towns in Australia.[36] Babinda, 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Innisfail is generally considered to be the wettest. Unlike most of tropical Australia,[37] the southern winter or "dry" season is not completely dry as moist easterly winds bring frequent showers;[38] rainfall is, however, still far lower than during the southern summer. Monthly totals of over 1,000 mm (39 in) are a routine occurrence in the region between January and April and some months will not experience a day without rain if the monsoon is unusually heavy. The town gets around 71.8 clear days per year.[3]

Climate data for Innisfail (1881-2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 40.1
(104.2) 		38.8
(101.8) 		37.8
(100.0) 		34.2
(93.6) 		31.2
(88.2) 		29.5
(85.1) 		30.0
(86.0) 		30.4
(86.7) 		32.2
(90.0) 		35.6
(96.1) 		38.8
(101.8) 		40.3
(104.5) 		40.3
(104.5)
Average high °C (°F) 30.8
(87.4) 		30.6
(87.1) 		29.8
(85.6) 		28.3
(82.9) 		26.4
(79.5) 		24.5
(76.1) 		24.1
(75.4) 		25.1
(77.2) 		26.7
(80.1) 		28.4
(83.1) 		29.7
(85.5) 		30.8
(87.4) 		27.9
(82.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26.8
(80.2) 		26.8
(80.2) 		26.0
(78.8) 		24.4
(75.9) 		22.4
(72.3) 		22.5
(72.5) 		19.7
(67.5) 		20.3
(68.5) 		21.8
(71.2) 		23.7
(74.7) 		25.3
(77.5) 		26.4
(79.5) 		23.6
(74.5)
Average low °C (°F) 22.8
(73.0) 		22.9
(73.2) 		22.1
(71.8) 		20.5
(68.9) 		18.3
(64.9) 		16.2
(61.2) 		15.2
(59.4) 		15.4
(59.7) 		16.9
(62.4) 		19.0
(66.2) 		20.8
(69.4) 		22.0
(71.6) 		19.3
(66.7)
Record low °C (°F) 17.2
(63.0) 		18.0
(64.4) 		17.2
(63.0) 		10.5
(50.9) 		9.4
(48.9) 		6.5
(43.7) 		6.2
(43.2) 		8.2
(46.8) 		10.1
(50.2) 		12.2
(54.0) 		16.0
(60.8) 		17.2
(63.0) 		6.2
(43.2)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 511.7
(20.15) 		597.2
(23.51) 		667.4
(26.28) 		460.3
(18.12) 		299.5
(11.79) 		187.4
(7.38) 		136.1
(5.36) 		117.4
(4.62) 		86.8
(3.42) 		88.3
(3.48) 		159.7
(6.29) 		264.8
(10.43) 		3,569.6
(140.54)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 16.8 17.3 19.8 18.9 17.0 13.2 12.1 10.6 8.9 8.2 10.2 12.4 165.4
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 72 74 73 73 72 70 69 66 65 65 67 69 70
Mean monthly sunshine hours 201.5 155.4 170.5 165.0 142.6 165.0 173.6 198.4 222.0 254.2 240.0 229.4 2,317.6
Source #1: Bureau of Meteorology[3]
Source #2: Sunshine statistics sourced from South Johnstone Exp Station (9.7km away)[39]

Cyclones[edit]

Howe St. in East Innisfail is commonly affected by even minor flooding

Innisfail is consistently under threat from tropical cyclones developing in the Coral Sea in and around summer months.[40] Furthermore, high rainfall associated with aforementioned cyclones and monsoons, combined with Innisfail settlement on adjoining rivers causes flooding to be commonplace, occurring to varied degrees of severity annually.[41] Innisfail suffered extensive damage in 2006 due to Cyclone Larry as the site of landfall and received over 100mm of rain in the span of three hours.

Cyclone Larry storm path; the storm eye passed directly over Innisfail
Innisfail Banana crops devastated by Cyclone Larry
Rainforest foliage was stripped by cyclone Larry's force
Main article: Cyclone Larry

Tropical Cyclone Larry, an Australian Category 5 cyclone, struck the locality at 7am on 20 March 2006, with the eye of the storm passing over the town.

Severe structural damage occurred over the entirety of the township, the main damage being a portion of houses losing roofs and windows and the cyclone rendered even more homes structurally unsound. Power was effectively eliminated from the town and generators became a luxury in many homes. Clean drinking water was also compromised in many homes leading to health fears. The swift response of the Australian Defence Force was praised by many and the cleanup campaign they orchestrated allowed for total utilities restoration within 3 weeks. Severe damage was done to crops and plantations (mainly bananas) which had a serious economic impact on the region. Only one indirect death was record as a result of the cyclone.

Cyclone Larry was a direct and primary cause of the widely reported and dramatic surge in banana prices in Australia. Inflated cost remained until farmers were able to meet demand again in early 2007. In February 2011 Cyclone Yasi hit Innisfail.[42][43][44]

In 2011, in the early morning of 3 February, Cyclone Yasi crossed the far north Queensland coast causing damage to the Innisfail area. Although the damage was not as severe as Cyclone Larry, Cyclone Yasi still had a huge impact on Innisfail bringing strong winds of possibly 285 kilometres per hour.[45]

Council controversy[edit]

Main article: Shire of Johnstone
The Innisfail Central Business District as it is today

On 8 February 2007 the Johnstone Shire Council was sacked by the Queensland State Government by Queensland's Local Government Minister, Andrew Fraser because of internal conflict, inappropriate behaviour and financial problems, despite an issued show cause presented on 2 August 2006.[46][47]

Among the perceived gross misconduct were the following incidences:

  • The purchase of a $250 000 Steinway Model D Piano with insurance money from Cyclone Larry.[48]
  • Former Deputy Mayor George Pervan was quoted on commercial radio during an interview during the aftermath of Cyclone Larry requesting Southern Queenslanders to:

"Send up a truckload of piss so we can all get fucking drunk" - George Pervan - 2006 [49]

While 2 councillors had attempted to get the Queensland Government to revoke the decision Andrew Fraser has stated that while the action is regrettable it was indeed the correct decision.[50]

Innisfail today[edit]

Johnstone River, Innisfail with prawn boats in foreground.

At present Innisfail has largely recovered from the devastation of Cyclone Larry. After the cyclone the township underwent something of an economic boom that stemmed from an influx of tradespeople and business eager to capitalize upon relatively significant insurance payouts. According to reports local trade had increased some 30 - 40% opposed to expected increases of 10%.[51] [52]

The main industries remain predominately banana and sugar cane and have since recovered from the natural disaster. Outlying areas of Innisfail have also resumed manufacture of tea, pawpaws and other exotic fruits.[53]

Innisfail remains a popular destination for backpackers seeking employment in the fruit picking industry. Tourism is of importance to the township and the town consistently seeks to attract visitors passing through on the Bruce Highway.[54]

Notable residents[edit]

Father Clancy's funeral procession in Innisfail, 1931

In popular culture[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Innisfail (UCL)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 26 March 2016. Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ a b c "Walkabout - Innisfail". Archived from the original on 30 June 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  3. ^ a b c "Innisfail - Australian Bureau of Meteorology statistics". Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  4. ^ a b "Innisfail - town (entry 40993)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  5. ^ "Innisfail - location (entry 45710)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  6. ^ "Tourism and Regional Information". Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  7. ^ "Australian Bureau of Meteorology Severe Tropical Cyclone Larry Report". Archived from the original on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  8. ^ "SKETCHER". The Queenslander (1984). Queensland, Australia. 19 March 1904. p. 2 (Unknown). Retrieved 3 September 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ^ "SKETCHER". The Queenslander (2015). Queensland, Australia. 22 October 1904. p. 8. Retrieved 4 September 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  10. ^ "CHANGE OF NAME". Cairns Post (Qld. : 1909-1954). Qld.: National Library of Australia. 19 August 1910. p. 5. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
  11. ^ Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Premier Postal Auctions. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  12. ^ "OFFICIAL NOTIFICATIONS". The Brisbane Courier. XXXIX, (8, 527). Queensland, Australia. 9 May 1885. p. 3. Retrieved 21 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ^ "JOHNSTONE RIVER". The Brisbane Courier. XL, (8, 635). Queensland, Australia. 14 September 1885. p. 3. Retrieved 21 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. ^ "Official Notifications". The Queenslander. XXVIII, (522). Queensland, Australia. 26 September 1885. p. 504. Retrieved 22 October 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  15. ^ "Historical Notes on North Queensland Newspapers". www.jcu.edu.au. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
  16. ^ "History of the Innisfail Region". Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  17. ^ "Innisfail Cenotaph". Monument Australia. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  18. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Innisfail (Urban Centre/Locality)". 2006 Census QuickStats.
  19. ^ "Opening and closing dates of schools in Queensland". Education Queensland. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  20. ^ "Innisfail Court House (entry 601578)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  21. ^ "See Poy House (entry 602759)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  22. ^ "Canecutters Memorial (entry 602041)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  23. ^ "Johnstone Shire Hall (entry 601579)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  24. ^ "St Andrew's Presbyterian Memorial Church (entry 602332)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  25. ^ "SRA Fact Sheet Innisfail - Australian Government". Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  26. ^ "Innisfail Pioneers - Italian History" (PDF). Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  27. ^ "Cultural Diversity in the Johnstone Shire Council". Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  28. ^ "About Johnstone Shire Council". Archived from the original on 15 June 2005. Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  29. ^ "Community Spirit - Winter 2007". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  30. ^ "Innisfail Library". Public Libraries Connect. 10 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  31. ^ "Queensland Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016-17" (PDF). Public Libraries Connect. November 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  32. ^ "Branch Locations". Queensland Country Women's Association. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  33. ^ "Innisfail - Google Maps". Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  34. ^ "Mt. Bartle Frere Trail". Archived from the original on 18 June 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  35. ^ Linacre, Edward; Geerts, Bart (1997). Climates and Weather Explained. London: Routledge. p. 379. ISBN 0-415-12519-7.
  36. ^ "Tully - Cairns Connect". Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  37. ^ Median Rainfall for July
  38. ^ See Mean rainfall May to September for an explanation
  39. ^ "Summary statistics SOUTH JOHNSTONE EXP STN (mean daily sunshine hours)". Bureau of Meteorology. May 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  40. ^ "List of Queensland Cyclones - Windworker Roof Renovations". Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  41. ^ "Flood Warning system for the Johnstone River". Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  42. ^ "ABC news - Innisfail Devastated". Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  43. ^ "Australian Banana Growers Council - Cyclone Larry Report". Archived from the original on 15 October 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  44. ^ "Sydney Morning Herald - Disaster drives big price surge". The Sydney Morning Herald. 21 March 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  45. ^ "Severe Tropical Cyclone Yasi". Bureau of Meteorology. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  46. ^ "ABC - Sacking of JSC". Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  47. ^ "Queensland Government - Show Cause Issued". Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  48. ^ "Innisfail splashes out on $250k piano with insurance money - The Courier Mail". Retrieved 2 June 2006.[dead link]
  49. ^ "News.com.au - Sacked Council gone bananas". Retrieved 2 June 2006.[dead link]
  50. ^ "ABC news story - 'Ineffective Council Sacked'". Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  51. ^ "Innisfail Business booming after cyclone - ABC report". Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  52. ^ "APIA set up in Innisfail". Archived from the original on 19 August 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  53. ^ "Australian Tropical Fruits". Archived from the original on 4 May 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  54. ^ "Innisfail tourism". Archived from the original on 31 December 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2006.
  55. ^ "Joseph Costa". Rival Racing. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  56. ^ "Geringer, Karl". International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  57. ^ "Shannon McCann". Glasgow 2014 Ltd. Retrieved 11 June 2017.

External links[edit]

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