Intermediate frequency
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In communications and electronic engineering, an intermediate frequency is a frequency to which a carrier wave is shifted as an intermediate step in transmission or reception. The intermediate frequen
The IF stage from a Motorola 19K1 television set circa 1949
The RCA Radiola AR-812 used 6 triodes: a mixer, local oscillator, two IF and two audio amplifier stages, with an IF of 45 kHz.
A low-noise block downconverter is the receiving device mounted on satellite dishes used for satellite TV reception, which collects the radio waves from the dish and converts them to a signal which is
Intermediate frequency
…in two subbands of 10.7–11.7 and 11.7–12.75 GHz. The downlink signal is received by a satellite dish. In the box at the focus of the dish, called a low-noise block downconverter (LNB), each block of frequencies is converted to the IF range of 950–2150 MHz by two fixed frequency local oscillators at 9.75 and 10.6 GHz. One of the…
A disassembled LNB. A waveguide carrying the microwave signal from the external dish antenna enters at the hole in the center, where two pins act as internal antennas (for two different polarizations). Here the microwave signal is coupled into microstrips on the LNB's circuit board, in order for the RF signal to be amplified and downconverted into lower frequencies, which are output at the two F connector sockets at the bottom.
Cross-section across a low-noise block downconverter
Viewing of the pin and the horn antenna in a low-noise block downconverter
Ku-band linear-polarized LNBF