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Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)
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The Irish Republican Army (IRA) of 1922–1969, an anti-Treaty sub-group of the original Irish Republican Army (1919–1922), fought against the British-backed Irish Free State in the Irish Civil War, and its successors up to 1969, when the IRA split again into the Provisional IRA and Official IRA. The original Irish Republican Army fought a guerrilla war against British rule in Ireland in the Irish War of Independence between 1919 and 1921. Following the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on 6 December 1921, the IRA in the 26 counties that were to become the Irish Free State split between supporters and opponents of the Treaty. The anti-Treatyites, sometimes referred to by Free State forces as "Irregulars",A continued to use the name "Irish Republican Army" (IRA) or in Irish Óglaigh na hÉireann, as did the organisation in Northern Ireland which originally supported the pro-Treaty side. Óglaigh na hÉireann was also adopted as the name of the pro-Treaty National Army, and remains the official legal title of the Irish Defence Forces.
An Anti-Treaty IRA unit in Old Parish, County Waterford, c. 1922.
An Anti-Treaty IRA unit in Old Parish, County Waterford, c. 1922.
Liam Lynch was the first Chief of Staff of the Anti-Treaty IRA. He died during the Irish Civil War.
Liam Lynch was the first Chief of Staff of the Anti-Treaty IRA. He died during the Irish Civil War.
Mick Mansfield, Staff Engineer, Waterford Brigade, 1922.
Mick Mansfield, Staff Engineer, Waterford Brigade, 1922.
Memorial to anti-Treaty insurgents executed by Free State forces at Ballyseedy, County Kerry, designed by Yann Goulet.
Memorial to anti-Treaty insurgents executed by Free State forces at Ballyseedy, County Kerry, designed by Yann Goulet.
Irish Civil War
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The Irish Civil War was a conflict that followed the Irish War of Independence and accompanied the establishment of the Irish Free State, an entity independent from the United Kingdom but within the British Empire.
National Army soldiers armed with Lewis machine guns aboard a troop transport in the Civil War
National Army soldiers armed with Lewis machine guns aboard a troop transport in the Civil War
The Four Courts along the River Liffey quayside. The building was occupied by anti-treaty forces during the Civil War, whom the National Army subseque
The Four Courts along the River Liffey quayside. The building was occupied by anti-treaty forces during the Civil War, whom the National Army subsequently bombarded into surrender. The Irish national archives in the buildings were destroyed in the subsequent fire. The building was badly damaged but was fully restored after the war.
National Army soldiers during the Civil War
National Army soldiers during the Civil War
Dan Breen's appeal to Free State troops
Dan Breen's appeal to Free State troops