Islamic philosophy is philosophy that emerges from the Islamic tradition. Two terms traditionally used in the Islamic world are sometimes translated as philosophy—falsafa, which refers to philosophy a
The Brethren of Purity were a medieval secret society, consisting of Islamic philosophers, here seen in an illustration from the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity, c. 1287.
An Arabic manuscript from the 13th century depicting Socrates (Soqrāt) in discussion with his pupils
Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938) Muslim philosopher, poet and scholar from Pakistan (then British India).
Seyyed Hossein Nasr (born 1933) is one of the leading Muslim philosophers of the contemporary world.
Ibn Sina, commonly known in the West as Avicenna, was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world. He was a seminal figure of the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Ir
Islamic philosophy
…on interpretations of Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism. There were attempts by later philosopher-theologians at harmonizing both trends, notably by Ibn Sina (Avicenna) who founded the school of Avicennism, Ibn Rushd (Averroes) who founded the school of Averroism, and others such as Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) and Abū…
Modern portrait of Ibn Sina, National Library of Medicine (1952)
Coin of Majd al-Dawla (r. 997–1029), the amir (ruler) of the Buyid branch of Ray
Coin of Ala al-Dawla Muhammad (r. 1008–1041), the Kakuyid ruler of Isfahan
The Mausoleum of Avicenna, Hamadan, Iran