Islamic philosophy is philosophy that emerges from the Islamic tradition. Two terms traditionally used in the Islamic world are sometimes translated as philosophy—falsafa, which refers to philosophy a
The Brethren of Purity were a medieval secret society, consisting of Islamic philosophers, here seen in an illustration from the Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity, c. 1287.
An Arabic manuscript from the 13th century depicting Socrates (Soqrāt) in discussion with his pupils
Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938) Muslim philosopher, poet and scholar from Pakistan (then British India).
Seyyed Hossein Nasr (born 1933) is one of the leading Muslim philosophers of the contemporary world.
Neoplatonism is a version of Platonic philosophy that emerged in the 3rd century AD against the background of Hellenistic philosophy and religion. The term does not encapsulate a set of distinct ideas
Presumed depiction of Plotinus and his disciples on a Roman sarcophagus in the Museo Gregoriano Profano, Vatican Museums, Rome
Part of the Socrates Mosaic, 362-363 AD. Socrates is depicted raising his hand in an almost Christlike gesture. It has been suggested this conforms a strong Neoplatonic tradition in Apamea at the time.