Isma'il Pasha of Egypt
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Isma'il Pasha, also known as 'Ismail the Magnificent, was the Khedive of Egypt and ruler of Sudan from 1863 to 1879, when he was removed at the behest of Great Britain and France. Sharing the ambitious outlook of his grandfather, Muhammad Ali Pasha, he greatly modernized Egypt and Sudan during his reign, investing heavily in industrial and economic development, urbanization, and the expansion of the country's boundaries in Africa.
Isma'il Pasha Statue in Alexandria, Egypt
Pavillion of the Gezirah Palace, commissioned by Khedive Isma'il to receive foreign leaders for the occasion of the inauguration of the Suez Canal. Among the events was the premiere of Giuseppe Verdi's opera Aida.
"The ex-Khedive" As depicted by Théobald Chartran in Vanity Fair, May 1881
Ottoman Egypt
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Ottoman Egypt was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire after the conquest of Mamluk Egypt by the Ottomans in 1517. The Ottomans administered Egypt as a province (eyalet) of their empire. It remained formally an Ottoman province until 1914, though in practice it became increasingly autonomous during the 19th century and was under de facto British control from 1882.
Ottoman Cairene cruciform table carpet, mid 16th century
Alexandria in the late 18th century, by Luigi Mayer
Murad Bey by Dutertre in Description de l'Egypte, 1809
Battle of the Pyramids, Francois-Louis-Joseph Watteau, 1798–1799