Jacksonville is a city in Calhoun County, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 12,548, a 49% increase since 2000, it is included in the Anniston-Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area. Jacksonville State University is located here, a center of commerce and one of the largest employers in the area. Jacksonville was founded in 1833 on land purchased from Creek Indian Chief "Du-Hoag" Ladiga. First called Drayton, the town was renamed to honor President Andrew Jackson in 1834. There are a couple Civil War monuments in town, including a statue of Major John Pelham in the city cemetery and a statue of a Confederate soldier in the middle of the square. Jacksonville served as the county seat for Calhoun County until the 20th century when it moved to Anniston. Jacksonville State University was founded here in 1883. An EF3 tornado hit Jacksonville on March 19, 2018, causing extensive damage to the city and Jacksonville State University $42 million in damages; the low number of casualties just four injuries, was attributed by some to the fact that the university was on spring break at the time.

More than 1,000 volunteers assisted in the immediate tornado relief. Caleb Howard a senior at Jacksonville State University, said that "t's been amazing to see the university and the community come together." Classes resumed at the university the following month. Although the university's usual site for graduation, Pete Mathews Coliseum, was damaged in the tornado along with over 20 other buildings, the first spring graduation since the tornado proceeded as scheduled on May 4 outside the football stadium. Dr. John Beeler, the university's president, said "It's a joyous event because you're celebrating the accomplishments of all your graduates, but it's an more joyous event because to me it's a celebration of how far we've come in a short time in recovering from these tornadoes." Nestled in the foothills of the Appalachians, Jacksonville is located at 33°48'56.758" North, 85°45'37.681" West. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.8 square miles, of which 0.008 square miles, or 0.10%, is water.

Jacksonville is located in a valley between Choccolocco Mountain to the east and smaller ridges to the west. As of the census of 2010, there were 12,548 people, 4,917 households, 2,466 families residing in the city; the population density was 1,275 people per square mile. There were 5,382 housing units at an average density of 546.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 68.7% White, 26.8% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, 1.9% from two or more races. 2.3 % of the population were Latino of any race. There were 4,917 households out of which 22.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.5% were married couples living together, marriage 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 49.8% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.7% had someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 17.2% under the age of 18, 32.6% from 18 to 24, 20.3% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $33,987, the median income for a family was $50,863. Males had a median income of $35,615 versus $26,975 for females; the per capita income for the city was $17,063. About 17.6% of families and 28.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.1% of those under age 18 and 11.6% of those age 65 or over. Two Alabama state routes pass through Jacksonville: State Route 21 State Route 204 Jacksonville is the home of Jacksonville State University, a public, coeducational university with an enrollment of 10,000, it offers degrees in business, education, family sciences, liberal arts and sciences and technology in addition to continuing education programs.

The university's campus is located a few blocks north of the square. Jacksonville is home to two public schools run by Jacksonville City Schools: Jacksonville High School. Kitty Stone Elementary School. There are two public schools located northwest of the city proper that serve the unincorporated communities of Pleasant Valley and Williams and are run by Calhoun County Schools: Pleasant Valley High School Pleasant Valley Elementary SchoolThere is a Christian school called Jacksonville Christian Academy located within the city; the Calhoun County Center for the Arts offers classes through the Community Center. Newspaper The Jacksonville News - Weekly, locally owned newspaper The Chanticleer - Student-run newspaper of Jacksonville State UniversityMagazine House to House Heart to Heart - Bi-monthly Christian magazine distributed through Churches of Christ. S. Representative from 1989 to 1997 and professor of political science at Jacksonville State University. John Henry Caldwell, U. S. Representative from 1873 to 1877.

William Crutchfield, U. S. Representative from 1873 to 1875. Lived in Jacksonville from 1844 to 1850. Todd Cunningham

Baarish is a 1957 Bollywood crime drama film with Dev Anand and Nutan in the lead roles. Based on the American film On the Waterfront, it is the directorial debut of Shanker Mukherjee. Ramu is a young carefree man. One day, he experienced the shock of his life: His best friend Gopal is murdered. For Ramu, one thing is certain - he wants revenge. From a stooge, Ramu learns that behind Gopal's death is a gangster, "Boss"; as Ramu is in love with Gopal's sister Chanda, he wants to take revenge for the killing. On the wedding night, the opportunity to meet boss can not be missed by Ramu. After several twists and by using Mohan, they manage to outsmart Boss. Now Ramu can devote himself to his wife Chanda, expecting her first child. Dev Anand as Ramu Nutan as Chanda Kumkum as Kamli Madan Puri as Hariya Lalita Pawar as Chanda's mother Helen as dancer Jagdish Sethi as boss Anwar Hussain as Mohan Nana Palsikar as Gopal Mehmood Kumud Tripathi Gope as Laddu Baarish on IMDb

HMS Thunderer was the fourth and last Orion-class dreadnought battleship built for the Royal Navy in the early 1910s. She was the last major warship built by Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company who had built the world's first wholly iron capital warship, HMS Warrior, she spent the bulk of her career assigned to the Grand Fleets. Aside from participating in the Battle of Jutland in May 1916 and the inconclusive Action of 19 August, her service during World War I consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea. After the Grand Fleet was dissolved in early 1919, Thunderer was transferred back to the Home Fleet for a few months before she was assigned to the Reserve Fleet; the ship was converted into a training ship for naval cadets in 1921 and served in that role until she was sold for scrap in late 1926. While being towed to the scrapyard, Thunderer ran aground; the Orion-class ships were designed in response to the beginnings of the Anglo-German naval arms race and were much larger than their predecessors of the Colossus-class battleship to accommodate larger, more powerful guns and heavier armour.

In recognition of these improvements, the class was sometimes called "super-dreadnoughts". The ships had an overall length of 581 feet, a beam of 88 feet 6 inches and a deep draught of 31 feet 3 inches, they displaced 21,922 long tons at 25,596 long tons at deep load as built. Her crew numbered 738 officers and ratings when completed in 1912 and 1,107 in 1917; the Orion class was powered by two sets of Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, each driving two shafts, using steam provided by 18 Babcock & Wilcox boilers. The turbines were rated at 27,000 shaft horsepower and were intended to give the battleships a speed of 21 knots. During her sea trials 0n 5 March 1912, Thunderer reached a maximum speed of 20.8 knots from 27,427 shp, although hampered by a boiler malfunction. The ships carried enough coal and fuel oil to give them a range of 6,730 nautical miles at a cruising speed of 10 knots; the Orion class was equipped with 10 breech-loading 13.5-inch Mark V guns in five hydraulically powered twin-gun turrets, all on the centreline.

The turrets were designated ` B', ` Q', ` X' and ` Y', from front to rear. Their secondary armament consisted of 16 BL 4-inch Mark VII guns; these guns were split evenly between all in single mounts. Four 3-pounder saluting guns were carried; the ships were equipped with three 21-inch submerged torpedo tubes, one on each broadside and another in the stern, for which 20 torpedoes were provided. The Orions were protected by a waterline 12-inch armoured belt that extended between the end barbettes, their decks ranged in thickness between 1 inch and 4 inches with the thickest portions protecting the steering gear in the stern. The main battery turret faces were 11 inches thick, the turrets were supported by 10-inch-thick barbettes. A prototype fire-control director was installed sometime before November 1912, on a platform below the spotting top. In 1914 the shelter-deck guns were enclosed in casemates and by October 1914, a pair of 3-inch anti-aircraft guns were installed aboard each ship. Additional deck armour was added after the Battle of Jutland in May 1916.

Around the same time, a pair of four-inch guns were removed from the aft superstructure. Two flying-off platforms were fitted aboard the ship during 1917–1918. A high-angle rangefinder was fitted in the forward superstructure by 1921. Thunderer was the sixth ship of her name to serve in the Royal Navy and was laid down by the Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company at their shipyard in Poplar, London on 13 April 1910 and launched on 1 February 1911, she was commissioned on 15 June 1912 at Devonport. Including her armament, her cost is variously quoted at £1,892,823 or £1,885,145. Thunderer and her sister ships comprised the Second Division of the 2nd Battle Squadron of the Home Fleet; the ship, together with her sisters Monarch and Orion, participated in the Parliamentary Naval Review on 9 July at Spithead. They participated in training manoeuvres with Vice-Admiral Prince Louis of Battenberg commanding the "Blue Fleet" aboard Thunderer. On 13 November, the ship participated in comparative gunnery trials with Orion to evaluate the effectiveness of the former's gunnery director.

Thunderer decisively outshot the latter ship, although some of her success was because her director was above the smoke that obscured the target from Orion's guns. The test was repeated in better conditions on 4 December and Orion performed much better beating Thunderer; the three sisters were present with the 2nd BS to receive the President of France, Raymond Poincaré, at Spithead on 24 June 1913. During the annual manoeuvres in August, Thunderer was the flagship of Vice-Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, commander of the "Red Fleet". On 4 November, Orion, the dreadnought King George V and the predreadnought King Edward VII fired at and sank the target ship Empress of India to give their crews experience in firing live ammunition against a real ship. Between 17 and 20 July 1914, Thunderer took part in a test mobilisation and fleet review as part of the British response to the July Crisis. Arriving in Portland on 25 July, she was ordered to proceed with the rest of the Home Fleet to Scapa Flow four days to safeguard the fleet from a possible surpri

Keith E. Stanovich is Emeritus Professor of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto and former Canada Research Chair of Applied Cognitive Science, his research areas are the psychology of reading. His research in the field of reading was fundamental to the emergence of today's scientific consensus about what reading is, how it works and what it does for the mind, his research on the cognitive basis of rationality has been featured in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences and in recent books by Yale University Press and University of Chicago Press. His book What Intelligence Tests Miss won the 2010 Grawemeyer Award in Education, he received the 2012 E. L. Thorndike Career Achievement Award from the American Psychological Association. Stanovich has done extensive research on reading, language disabilities and the psychology of rational thought, his classic article on the Matthew effect in education has been cited over 1000 times in the scientific literature. He is the author of over 175 scientific articles, several of which have become Current Contents Citation Classics.

Stanovich coined the term dysrationalia to refer to the tendency toward irrational thinking and action despite adequate intelligence. In several recent books he has explored the concept as well as the relation between rationality and intelligence. In his recent book The Rationality Quotient: Toward a Test of Rational Thinking and colleagues follow through on the claim that a comprehensive test of rational thinking is scientifically possible, given current knowledge. In a three-year survey of citation rates during the mid-1990s, Stanovich was listed as one of the 50 most-cited developmental psychologists, he was named one of the 25 most productive educational psychologists. In a citation survey of the period 1982–1992, he was designated the most cited reading disability researcher in the world. Stanovich is a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Stanovich is the only two-time winner of the Albert J. Harris Award from the International Reading Association for influential articles on reading.

In 1995 he was elected to the Reading Hall of Fame as the youngest member of that honorary society. In 1996 he was given the Oscar Causey Award from the National Reading Conference for contributions to research, in 1997 he was given the Sylvia Scribner Award from the American Educational Research Association, in 2000 he received the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading, he was awarded the 2010 Grawemeyer Award for Education from the University of Louisville. He was selected as a 2010 Grawemeyer Award winner for his 2009 book, What Intelligence Tests Miss: The Psychology of Rational Thought. Stanovich is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the American Psychological Society, the International Academy for Research in Learning Disabilities, is a Charter Member of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading, he was a member of the Committee on the Prevention of Reading Difficulties in Young Children of National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences.

From 1986 to 2000 Stanovich was the Associate Editor of Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, a leading journal of human development. He has had two long-term collaborators in Anne Cunningham and Richard West. Stanovich and West were graduate students at the University of Michigan together; these relationships had their roots in the 1970s and the three of them still work together. Another longstanding colleague is Maggie Toplak, of York University in Toronto. Stanovich, Keith E.. The Rationality Quotient: Toward a Test of Rational Thinking. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-03484-0. Stanovich, Keith E.. Rationality and the Reflective Mind. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-534114-7. Stanovich, Keith E.. How to Think Straight About Psychology. Pearson. ISBN 0-205-91412-8. Stanovich, Keith E.. Decision Making and Rationality in the Modern World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-532812-4. Stanovich, Keith E.. What Intelligence Tests Miss: The Psychology of Rational Thought. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-12385-X. Stanovich, Keith E..

The Robot's Rebellion: Finding Meaning in the Age of Darwin. University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-77089-3. Stanovich, Keith E.. Progress in Understanding Reading: Scientific Foundations and New Frontiers. Guilford Press. ISBN 1-57230-565-7. Stanovich, Keith E.. Who Is Rational?: Studies of individual Differences in Reasoning. Lawrence Erlbaum. ISBN 0-8058-2473-1. Cognitive miser Dysrationalia Great Rationality Debate Keith Stanovich's personal home page Keith Stanovich's page at the University of Toronto How reading works and what it does for the mind, an interview with Keith Stanovich Stanovich, Keith E. "Publications on reasoning and rationality". Keithstanovich.com. Retrieved 16 October 2016

Playboy v. Netscape, 354 F.3d 1020 was a case regarding trademark infringement and trademark dilution decided by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Playboy Enterprises Inc. took legal action against Netscape Communications Corp. and Excite, Inc. accusing them of infringement and dilution of Playboy's marks "playboy" and "playmate". Netscape allows advertisers to target specific users of its search engine by displaying certain ads to certain people, depending on what the user searches for; the display and profiting of ads by a search engine operators such as Netscape is referred to as "keying." This "keying" technique is considered more effective than random ads. Netscape uses this technique for adult entertainment and has a list of terms for which to display related ads; this list contains the terms "playboy" and "playmate". Netscape displays ads for various companies in response to those search terms, which includes Playboy's competitors. Playboy claims that Netscape's use of those terms in its keying technique constitutes trademark infringement.

In addition, by displaying competitor's ads that are not from a competitor at first glance, Playboy claims that Netscape has committed trademark dilution. Netscape displayed banner ads of a company similar to Playboy, however Netscape did not specify the secondary company's name. Playboy argued that, upon viewing their banners and those of the other company similar in nature, the user would become confused and assume they were both under ownership of Playboy Enterprises, Inc; this action is considered trademark infringement under the initial interest confusion act. According to the Ninth Circuit, failing to sufficiently identify the source of a banner advertisement could result in trademark infringement on the part of the search engine operator in accordance with the'initial interest confusion' doctrine. There is no infringement provided the ads are properly labeled and identified with the advertiser's marks as the consumer is aware of the source of the advertisement and the definite website to which the advertisement will direct him.

The defendants profited from the plaintiff by keying through the display of banner ads in conjunction with one of four hundred search terms which included "Playboy" and "playmate", two of the plaintiff's registered trademarks. The defendants has multiple advertisers whose ad banners would display upon the presence of these search terms; the ads were not required by the defendants to be identified as to their source. Thus upon the search of the plaintiff's registered marks Playboy and Playmate, outside advertisers were able to connect their banners to these search queries without the need to specify the ad's source to the patrons browsing the web. PEI sued Netscape, asserting that they were using PEI's marks in a manner that infringed upon and diluted the marks; the district court denied PEI's request for a preliminary injunction, the appeals court affirmed in an unpublished disposition. On remand, the parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment; the United States District Court for the Central District of California granted summary judgment for Netscape.

PEI appealed. The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit allowed Playboy Enterprises, Inc. to proceed with their claims of trademark infringement and dilution by Netscape and Excite according to the "initial interest confusion" doctrine established by Brookfield Communications, Inc. v. West Coast Entertainment Corp. in the Ninth Circuit. Using this decision as reference, the plaintiff could claim such confusion by demonstrating that consumers believe the banner ads displayed with the results of their search for the plaintiff's registered marks are sponsored by or associated with Playboy Enterprises, Inc. Despite the customer's knowledge that the products they are purchasing are in fact not from Playboy, the competitor getting business is unfairly profiting off of Playboy's goodwill and registered marks; the Ninth Circuit employed an eight-factor test set forth in AMF Inc. v. Sleekcraft Boats, to determine the likelihood of confusion; because each factor is weighted differently and some factors are more important than others, the court started with factor four.

The eight factors are: PEI established that a strong secondary meaning for its descriptive marks existed, that a genuine issue of material fact exists as to whether it created the secondary meanings. Thus, the first Sleekcraft factor favored PEI. From an Internet searcher's perspective, the relevant "goods" are the links to the websites being sought and the goods or services available at those sites; the proximity between PEI's and its competitor's goods provides the reason Netscape keys PEI's marks to competitor's banner advertisements in the first place. Accordingly, this factor favored PEI as well. No doubt exists regarding this factor. Aside from their lack of capitalization, their font, the fact that Defendant Netscape used the plural form of "playmate," the terms Netscape used are identical to PEI's marks. Thus, they were found "certainly similar." The court found in favor of PEI for factor four because the expert study PEI introduced established a strong likelihood of initial interest confusion among consumers.

Thus, factor four alone sufficed to reverse the grant of summary judgment but in the interest of being thorough, the court examined the other seven Sleekcraft factors. This factor is equivocal; the court found that the advertisers used identical marketing channels: the Internet. More each of their sites appeared on Netscape's search results pages. Given the broad use of the Internet today, the same could be said for countless companies. Thus, this factor merited little weight; this factor favored PEI. Consumer care for inexpensive

Noel Crombie is a New Zealand singer and former member of the band Split Enz. He fulfilled multiple roles including costume and hair designer, album cover designer, music video director. Prior to Split Enz, Crombie worked as a postal assistant and was an artist. For the album Time and Tide, Crombie took over the role of drummer, though a year returned to percussion, with Paul Hester becoming Split Enz's drummer, he is remembered for playing spoon solos during Split Enz live shows. After Split Enz disbanded, Noel formed the band Schnell Fenster with Phil Judd, Eddie Rayner and Nigel Griggs Split Enz alumni, Michael den Elzen. Rayner left. In 1988 the members of Schnell Fenster collaborated with Wendy Matthews, Michael Harris, Louis McManus, Vika Bull and Lisa Edwards under the name'Noel's Cowards' for the movie Rikky and Pete. Crombie has released one solo single, "My Voice Keeps Changing on Me", in 1983 while Split Enz took a break. Tim Finn was the only other band member. According to Crombie he had to either pay for the studio time.

In 1996, Crombie assisted Crowded House by designing the stage set design for their final concert, Farewell to the World at the Sydney Opera House. Crombie lives with his daughters Hedwig and his wife Sally whom he works with as a freelance designer, they designed the set for ABC-TV's musical quiz program Specks. Chunn, Stranger Than Fiction: The Life and Times of Split Enz, GP Publications, 1992. ISBN 1-86956-050-7 Chunn, Stranger Than Fiction: The Life and Times of Split Enz, Hurricane Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0-9922556-3-3 Split Enz Page Article on Noel Crombie Noel Crombie Bio