The New York Times
The New York Times is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership. Founded in 1851, the paper has won more than any other newspaper; the Times is ranked 17th in the world by circulation and 2nd in the U. S; the paper is owned by The New York Times Company, publicly traded and is controlled by the Sulzberger family through a dual-class share structure. It has been owned by the family since 1896. G. Sulzberger, the paper's publisher, his father, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. the company's chairman, are the fourth and fifth generation of the family to helm the paper. Nicknamed "The Gray Lady", the Times has long been regarded within the industry as a national "newspaper of record"; the paper's motto, "All the News That's Fit to Print", appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. Since the mid-1970s, The New York Times has expanded its layout and organization, adding special weekly sections on various topics supplementing the regular news, editorials and features.
Since 2008, the Times has been organized into the following sections: News, Editorials/Opinions-Columns/Op-Ed, New York, Sports of The Times, Science, Home and other features. On Sunday, the Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T: The New York Times Style Magazine; the Times stayed with the broadsheet full-page set-up and an eight-column format for several years after most papers switched to six, was one of the last newspapers to adopt color photography on the front page. The New York Times was founded as the New-York Daily Times on September 18, 1851. Founded by journalist and politician Henry Jarvis Raymond and former banker George Jones, the Times was published by Raymond, Jones & Company. Early investors in the company included Edwin B. Morgan, Christopher Morgan, Edward B. Wesley. Sold for a penny, the inaugural edition attempted to address various speculations on its purpose and positions that preceded its release: We shall be Conservative, in all cases where we think Conservatism essential to the public good.
We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or wrong. In 1852, the newspaper started a western division, The Times of California, which arrived whenever a mail boat from New York docked in California. However, the effort failed. On September 14, 1857, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times. On April 21, 1861, The New York Times began publishing a Sunday edition to offer daily coverage of the Civil War. One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials in the Times alone; the main office of The New York Times was attacked during the New York City Draft Riots. The riots, sparked by the beginning of drafting for the Union Army, began on July 13, 1863. On "Newspaper Row", across from City Hall, Henry Raymond stopped the rioters with Gatling guns, early machine guns, one of which he manned himself; the mob diverted, instead attacking the headquarters of abolitionist publisher Horace Greeley's New York Tribune until being forced to flee by the Brooklyn City Police, who had crossed the East River to help the Manhattan authorities.
In 1869, Henry Raymond died, George Jones took over as publisher. The newspaper's influence grew in 1870 and 1871, when it published a series of exposés on William Tweed, leader of the city's Democratic Party—popularly known as "Tammany Hall" —that led to the end of the Tweed Ring's domination of New York's City Hall. Tweed had offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story. In the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned from supporting Republican Party candidates in its editorials to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign. While this move cost The New York Times a portion of its readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper regained most of its lost ground within a few years. After George Jones died in 1891, Charles Ransom Miller and other New York Times editors raised $1 million dollars to buy the Times, printing it under the New York Times Publishing Company.
However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, by 1896, the newspaper had a circulation of less than 9,000, was losing $1,000 a day. That year, Adolph Ochs, the publisher of the Chattanooga Times, gained a controlling interest in the company for $75,000. Shortly after assuming control of the paper, Ochs coined the paper's slogan, "All The News That's Fit To Print"; the slogan has appeared in the paper since September 1896, has been printed in a box in the upper left hand corner of the front page since early 1897. The slogan was a jab at competing papers, such as Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal, which were known for a lurid and inaccurate reporting of facts and opinions, described by the end of the century as "yellow journalism". Under Ochs' guidance, aided by Carr
Farrell Lines
Farrell Lines Incorporated was named in 1948 after James A. Farrell, Jr. and John J. Farrell, sons of James Augustine Farrell, president of US Steel; the company was known as American South African Lines. It was a passenger line and cargo line in regular service from New York City to South Africa stopping at Cape Town, Port Elizabeth and Lourenço Marques in Mozambique; the ships carried about 180 passengers. In heraldic terms, the house flag is field per saltire blue, overlaid by a white saltire. 1925 New York to West Africa, South Africa 1935 New York to East Africa 1965 U. S. East Coast to Australia and New Zealand 1975 U. S. West Coast to Australia and New Zealand The ships funnel 1925 - 1946 Buff 1946 - 2000 Buff with black top and depiction of houseflag FRLU Note: Marks ending in U are for container owners; the heritage and shipping prowess of Farrell Lines can be traced back to the early 1900s when James A. Farrell Sr. the late president of the United States Steel Corporation, established his own steamship company.
The Isthmian Steamship Company was created in 1910 as a subsidiary of U. S. Steel and was designed to mitigate the costs of shipping U. S. Steel's freight. James A. Farrell grew up the son of a ship's captain, the knowledge he acquired aided him in establishing a shipping legacy. Farrell's foray into the shipping industry was a great success, he saved U. S. Steel Corporation substantial sums of money and decided to delve further into this new enterprise. By 1928, Farrell was involved in several shipping ventures and operated three of the most influential companies in the industry: Argonaut Lines, Robin Lines, the American South African Lines. James A. Farrell Sr. had two sons to whom he imparted his shipping business savvy. Both sons and James Jr. went on to operate two of the three major shipping investments. James Jr. was president of ASAL while John was principal stockholder and president of Argonaut Lines. In 1940, John abolished Argonaut Lines and transferred its vessels to ASAL. Shortly thereafter, James Jr. served in World War II in Naval Intelligence, upon returning home, he teamed up with his brother to run ASAL.
The two were able to create a powerful management team and operated the main U. S. flag and passenger service between Africa and the United States. By 1948, ASAL was the only line operated by the Farrell family and the name was subsequently changed to Farrell Lines. Determined to leave their imprint on the family legacy, the Farrell brothers worked tirelessly to improve their brand and position the company for growth. In 1965, they acquired the Australia-U. S. East Coast service from United States Lines. At this time the brothers ceased offering passenger services, fixing their focus onto the movement of cargo. Following their 1965 acquisition, growth came along and in the early 1970s the company began the transition to containerized cargo handling. Farrell Lines purchased another string of companies in 1975, including the West-Coast Australia Service of the Pacific Far-East Line. By 1978 Farrell Lines had become the second largest U. S.-flag merchant fleet, 44 ships, with the acquisition of the entire American Export Lines fleet, including two container ships under construction or on order at Bath Iron Works, the Argonaut and Resolute.
When James Jr. and John died in 1978 and 1968 they had made Farrell Lines a top-tier U. S. flag company. They had upheld their father's legacy and handed the company down to other members of the Farrell family, but difficult financial times hit the company, Farrell Lines dropped all of its African and European routes and sold 38 of its 44 ships. By 1991, Farrell Lines continued to operate with only four ships and catered to the Mediterranean and Persian Gulf. Farrell Lines became a subsidiary of P&O Nedlloyd Container Line Ltd. in 2000, subsequently purchased by the A. P. Møller-Maersk Group in 2005. Following the purchase, Farrell Lines became a part of Maersk Line, the U. S. flag operating arm of the A. P. Møller-Maersk Group. Under Maersk Line, Farrell Lines has reemerged as a U. S. flag roll-on, roll-off carrier. Maersk Line, Limited revitalized the Farrell Lines brand in 2010 and increased the fleet to four ships. Farrell Lines operates in partnership with Höegh Autoliners and its U. S. affiliate Alliance Navigation, focusing their efforts on transits between the U.
S. East Coast and the Gulf of Mexico to the Middle Southwest Asia. Farrell Lines has been able to sustain its tradition of leadership by participating in the Maritime Security Program and the Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement. S. military forces to ensure the fleet is prepared in the event. Farrell Lines International owned by Farrell Lines Inc. was a Liberian Company with offices at the Farrell House, Liberia. It existed from the 1950s until the Liberian Civil War, which started in 1988; the Company operated four coastal vessels registered in Liberia. Three were designed by Sparkman & Stevens and built by the John H. Mathis Company, Camden, NJ, they were the M/V Kpo, M/V Farmington and the M/V Cestos built in the 1950s by John H. Mathis & Company, Shipbuilders; the M/V Cavalla was a converted U. S. Navy landing ship, they were delivered to Africa on their own bottoms which took thirty days. These ships were designed to have good seagoing qualities and maneuverability so that they could cross a dangerous bar on their regular run.
The Officers were licensed and the crew well trained to navigate the coastal waters and rivers of West Africa. T
Steel strike of 1919
The steel strike of 1919 was an attempt by the weakened Amalgamated Association of Iron and Tin Workers to organize the United States steel industry in the wake of World War I. The strike began on September 22, 1919, collapsed on January 8, 1920; the AA had formed in 1876. It was a union of skilled iron and steel workers, committed to craft unionism. However, technological advances had slashed the number of skilled workers in both industries. In 1892, the AA had lost a bitter strike at the Carnegie Steel Company's steel mill in Homestead, Pennsylvania; the Homestead strike, which culminated with a day-long gun battle on July 6 that left 10 dead and dozens wounded, led to a wave of de-unionization. From a high of more than 24,000 members in 1892, union membership had sunk to less than 8,000 by 1900; the union attempted to organize workers in the tin industry, but a sudden wave of industry consolidations left the union facing the gigantic U. S. Steel corporation. In the U. S. Steel Recognition Strike of 1901, the union struck the fledgling company and won nearly all its demands.
But the union's executive board rejected the pact. U. S. Steel was able to break the strike. By the end of World War I, the AA was a shell of its former self. In 1892, The American Federation of Labor began organizing unskilled iron and steel workers into federal unions in 1901. Local groups of wire drawers, house men, tube workers, blast furnace men and others had all formed unions; the Federal Association of Wire Drawers was chartered in 1896, the Tin Plate Workers' Protective Association in 1899, the International Association of Blast Furnace Workers in 1901, the International Association of Tube Workers in 1902. Most internationals disbanded after a short time, but many local federal unions became entrenched in the workplace. Insistence on retaining its craft union identity kept it from establishing a stronger presence in the metals industries; the union was in crisis, however. The steel industry was growing and the skilled jobs in which AA members worked were disappearing; the union had to act.
At the November 1909 AFL convention, AA president P. J. McArdle introduced a resolution, which passed, calling for an organizing drive at U. S. Steel. By December, organizers were flooding plants throughout the Midwest, but workers remained skittish after the failed 1901 strike, the drive never got off the ground. The AFL attempted to organize workers on the AA's behalf; the AFL's strategy was twofold. First, the federation would wait for a strong upturn in economic conditions; when workers felt less dependence on their employer and showed signs of restiveness, the organization would initiate an organizing effort. Second, the federation would create staff-driven unions run from national AFL headquarters. Samuel Gompers and other AFL leaders had a nativist view of the unskilled immigrants working in steel plants. Distrusting immigrant workers to manage their own affairs, the AFL intended to run unions for them; these assumptions doomed the organizing drive. The AFL did not account for the hardening anti-union attitudes of U.
S. Steel executives and plant managers, the federation had no real plan to counterbalance the vast financial resources the company would pour into anti-union espionage and union avoidance measures; when the AFL did organize a local union, the federation's patronizing attitudes and management style alienated workers and left the local union powerless. During World War I, the AA saw some limited growth. Inflation pushed restive employees to demand wage increases which the AFL and the AA were quick to claim credit for, but membership growth remained weak and scattered rather than strategic. To encourage more organizing, the AFL formed a National Committee for Organizing the Iron and Steel Workers. More than 15 AFL unions participated in the committee, while 24 claimed jurisdiction over portions of the steel industry. John Fitzpatrick and William Z. Foster of the Chicago Federation of Labor were the committee's leaders, but the organizing drive was hampered by the refusal of many of the participating unions to provide resources and support, by the committee's lack of a mechanism to enforce jurisdictional agreements and requisition funds.
Although the National Committee had some initial success in establishing local steelworker councils, these councils never received formal recognition from the AFL or the AA. Shortly after Armistice Day, AFL organizers in and around Pittsburgh began to be harassed by the steel companies: permits for meetings were denied, meeting halls could not be rented, Pinkerton agents stopped organizers at the train station and forced them to leave town, literature was seized; the AFL sought assistance from its political allies. The anti-union pressure spread to the West; as the post-war recession affected the economy, plant managers targeted union supporters and those with large families for dismissal in order to ensure that union efforts were stifled. The AFL pushed back. On April 1, 1919, thousands of miners in Pennsylvania went on strike to demand that local officials allow union meetings. Terrified town mayors soon issued the required permits; the mass meetings whipped up pro-union sentiment. Steelworkers felt betrayed by the broken promises of employers and the government to keep prices low, raise wages and improve working conditions.
The AFL held a national steelworkers' conference in Pittsburgh on May 25, 1919, to build momentum for an organizing drive but refused to let the workers strike. Disillusioned employees began to abandon the labor movement; the National Committee debated the strike
Chairman
The chairman is the highest officer of an organized group such as a board, a committee, or a deliberative assembly. The person holding the office is elected or appointed by the members of the group, the chairman presides over meetings of the assembled group and conducts its business in an orderly fashion. In some organizations, the chairman position is called president, in others, where a board appoints a president, the two different terms are used for distinctly different positions. Other terms sometimes used for the office and its holder include chair, chairwoman, presiding officer, moderator and convenor; the chairman of a parliamentary chamber is called the speaker. The term chair is sometimes used in lieu of chairman, in response to criticisms that using chairman is sexist, it is used today, has been used as a substitute for chairman since the middle of the 17th century, with its earliest citation in the Oxford English Dictionary dated 1658–1659, only four years after the first citation for chairman.
Major dictionaries state that the word derives from a person. A 1994 Canadian study found the Toronto Star newspaper referring to most presiding men as "chairman", to most presiding women as "chairperson" or as "chairwoman"; the Chronicle of Higher Education uses "chairman" for men and "chairperson" for women. An analysis of the British National Corpus found chairman used 1,142 times, chairperson 130 times and chairwoman 68 times; the National Association of Parliamentarians adopted a resolution in 1975 discouraging the use of “chairperson” and rescinded it in 2017. The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times and United Press International all use "chairwoman" or "chairman" when referring to women, forbid use of "chair" or of "chairperson" except in direct quotations. In World Schools Style debating, male chairs are called "Mr. Chairman" and female chairs are called "Madame Chair"; the FranklinCovey Style Guide for Business and Technical Communication, as well as the American Psychological Association style guide, advocate using "chair" or "chairperson", rather than "chairman".
The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style suggests that the gender-neutral forms are gaining ground. It advocates using "chair" to refer both to women; the Telegraph style guide bans the use of both "Chair" and "Chairperson" on the basis that "Chairman" is correct English. The word chair can refer to the place from which the holder of the office presides, whether on a chair, at a lectern, or elsewhere. During meetings, the person presiding is said to be "in the chair" and is referred to as "the chair". Parliamentary procedure requires that members address the "chair" as "Mr. Chairman" rather than using a name – one of many customs intended to maintain the presiding officer's impartiality and to ensure an objective and impersonal approach. In the United States, the presiding officer of the lower house of a legislative body, such as the House of Representatives, is titled the Speaker, while the upper house, such as the Senate, is chaired by a President. In his 1992 State of the Union address, then-U.
S. President George H. W. Bush used "chairman" for men and "chair" for women. In the British music hall tradition, the Chairman was the master of ceremonies who announced the performances and was responsible for controlling any rowdy elements in the audience; the role was popularised on British TV in the 1960s and 1970s by Leonard Sachs, the Chairman on the variety show The Good Old Days."Chairman" as a quasi-title gained particular resonance when socialist states from 1917 onward shunned more traditional leadership labels and stressed the collective control of soviets by beginning to refer to executive figureheads as "Chairman of the X Committee". Vladimir Lenin, for example functioned as the head of Soviet Russia not as tsar or as president but in roles such as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR". Note in particular the popular standard method for referring to Mao Zedong: "Chairman Mao". In addition to the administrative or executive duties in organizations, the chairman has the duties of presiding over meetings.
Such duties at meetings include: Calling the meeting to order Determining if a quorum is present Announcing the items on the order of business or agenda as they come up Recognition of members to have the floor Enforcing the rules of the group Putting questions to a vote Adjourning the meetingWhile presiding, the chairman should remain impartial and not interrupt a speaker if the speaker has the floor and is following the rules of the group. In committees or small boards, the chairman votes along with the other members. However, in assemblies or larger boards, the chairman should vote only when it can affect the result. At a meeting, the chairman only has one vote; the powers of the chairman vary across organizations. In some organizations the chairman has the authority to hire staff and make financial decisions, while in others the chairman only makes recommendations to a board of directors, still others the chairman has no executive powers and is a spokesman for the organization; the amount of power given to the chairman depends on the type of organization, its structure, the rules it has created for itself.
If the chairman exceeds the given authority, engages in misconduct, or fails to perform t
Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City. It was founded in 1923 and run by Henry Luce. A European edition is published in London and covers the Middle East, and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong; the South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition. Time has the world's largest circulation for a weekly news magazine; the print edition has a readership of 26 million. In mid-2012, its circulation was over three million, which had lowered to two million by late 2017. Richard Stengel was the managing editor from May 2006 to October 2013, when he joined the U. S. State Department. Nancy Gibbs was the managing editor from September 2013 until September 2017, she was succeeded by Edward Felsenthal, Time's digital editor. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, making it the first weekly news magazine in the United States.
The two had worked together as chairman and managing editor of the Yale Daily News. They first called the proposed magazine Facts, they wanted to emphasize brevity. They changed the name to Time and used the slogan "Take Time–It's Brief". Hadden was liked to tease Luce, he saw Time as important, but fun, which accounted for its heavy coverage of celebrities, the entertainment industry, pop culture—criticized as too light for serious news. It set out to tell the news through people, for many decades, the magazine's cover depicted a single person. More Time has incorporated "People of the Year" issues which grew in popularity over the years. Notable mentions of them were Steve Jobs, etc.. The first issue of Time was published on March 3, 1923, featuring Joseph G. Cannon, the retired Speaker of the House of Representatives, on its cover. 1, including all of the articles and advertisements contained in the original, was included with copies of the February 28, 1938 issue as a commemoration of the magazine's 15th anniversary.
The cover price was 15¢ On Hadden's death in 1929, Luce became the dominant man at Time and a major figure in the history of 20th-century media. According to Time Inc.: The Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1972–2004 by Robert Elson, "Roy Edward Larsen was to play a role second only to Luce's in the development of Time Inc". In his book, The March of Time, 1935–1951, Raymond Fielding noted that Larsen was "originally circulation manager and general manager of Time publisher of Life, for many years president of Time Inc. and in the long history of the corporation the most influential and important figure after Luce". Around the time they were raising $100,000 from wealthy Yale alumni such as Henry P. Davison, partner of J. P. Morgan & Co. publicity man Martin Egan and J. P. Morgan & Co. banker Dwight Morrow, Henry Luce, Briton Hadden hired Larsen in 1922 – although Larsen was a Harvard graduate and Luce and Hadden were Yale graduates. After Hadden died in 1929, Larsen purchased 550 shares of Time Inc. using money he obtained from selling RKO stock which he had inherited from his father, the head of the Benjamin Franklin Keith theatre chain in New England.
However, after Briton Hadden's death, the largest Time, Inc. stockholder was Henry Luce, who ruled the media conglomerate in an autocratic fashion, "at his right hand was Larsen", Time's second-largest stockholder, according to Time Inc.: The Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1923–1941. In 1929, Roy Larsen was named a Time Inc. director and vice president. J. P. Morgan retained a certain control through two directorates and a share of stocks, both over Time and Fortune. Other shareholders were the New York Trust Company; the Time Inc. stock owned by Luce at the time of his death was worth about $109 million, it had been yielding him a yearly dividend of more than $2.4 million, according to Curtis Prendergast's The World of Time Inc.: The Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise 1957–1983. The Larsen family's Time stock was worth around $80 million during the 1960s, Roy Larsen was both a Time Inc. director and the chairman of its executive committee serving as Time's vice chairman of the board until the middle of 1979.
According to the September 10, 1979, issue of The New York Times, "Mr. Larsen was the only employee in the company's history given an exemption from its policy of mandatory retirement at age 65." After Time magazine began publishing its weekly issues in March 1923, Roy Larsen was able to increase its circulation by using U. S. radio and movie theaters around the world. It promoted both Time magazine and U. S. political and corporate interests. According to The March of Time, as early as 1924, Larsen had brought Time into the infant radio business with the broadcast of a 15-minute sustaining quiz show entitled Pop Question which survived until 1925". In 1928, Larsen "undertook the weekly broadcast of a 10-minute programme series of brief news summaries, drawn from current issues of Time magazine, broadcast over 33 stations throughout the United States". Larsen next arranged for a 30-minute radio program, The March of Time, to be broadcast over CBS, beginning on March 6, 1931; each week, the program presented a dramatisation of the week's news for its listeners, thus Time magazine itself was brought "to the attention of millions unaware
James Bowron
James Bowron was chairman of the board of the Gulf States Steel Corporation. He was born in England on November 16, 1844, he married Ada Louisa Barrett on June 20, 1870. He and his father migrated to South Pittsburgh, Tennessee around 1875, they started a small iron manufacturing business. In 1882 the Tennessee Coal and Railroad Company purchased their company and Bowron became the treasurer of the merged company, he died of August 1928 in Birmingham, Alabama. James Bowron papers, University Libraries Division of Special Collections, The University of Alabama
Elbert Henry Gary
Elbert Henry Gary was an American lawyer, county judge and corporate officer. He was a key founder of U. S. Steel in 1901, bringing together partners J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, Charles M. Schwab; the city of Gary, Indiana, a steel town, was named for him when it was founded in 1906. Gary, West Virginia was named after him; when trust busting President Theodore Roosevelt said that Gary was head of the steel trust, Gary considered it a compliment. The two men communicated in a nonconfrontational way unlike Roosevelt's communications with leaders of other trusts. Elbert Gary was born near Illinois, on October 8, 1846, to Erastus and Susan Abiah Gary, he attended Wheaton College and graduated first in his class from Union College of Law in 1868. The school became the Northwestern University School of Law. Gary started to practice law in Chicago in 1871 and maintained an office in Wheaton, he was a co-founder of the Gary-Wheaton Bank that merged with Bank One Corporation in the middle 1990s. While he was working as a young corporate attorney for railroads and other clients in the years after the Great Chicago Fire, Gary was elected president of Wheaton three times, when it became a city in 1892 he served as its first mayor for two terms.
He served two terms as a DuPage County judge from 1882 to 1890. For the rest of his life he was known as "Judge Gary." It was a common custom in the nineteenth century for men to be addressed by military, political, or academic titles after those titles were no longer current. Gary practiced law in Chicago for about twenty-five years, he was president of the Chicago Bar Association from 1893 to 1894. It was while he was hearing a case as a judge that he first became interested in the process of making steel and the economics of that business. In 1898 he became president of Federal Steel Corporation in Chicago, which included a barbed wire business, retired from his law practice. Federal and other companies merged in 1901 to become U. S. Steel, Gary was elected chairman of the board of directors and the finance committee. In 1900 at the age of 54, Gary moved from Wheaton to New York City, where he established the headquarters of U. S. Steel. Gary served as president and chairman of the board of America's first billion-dollar corporation, U.
S. Steel, from the company's founding in 1901 until his death in August 1927. In November 1904, with a government suit looming, Gary approached President Roosevelt with a deal: cooperation in exchange for preferential treatment. U. S. Steel would open its books to the Bureau of Corporations. Roosevelt accepted this "gentlemen's agreement" because it met his interest in accommodating the modern industrial order while maintaining his public image as slayer of the trusts; the town of Gary, laid out in 1906 as a model home for steel workmen, was named in his honor. Despite this, Gary had no lasting personal connection with his namesake, which by the time of his death was approaching a population of 100,000. From 1906 to 1908, he served as president of the Illinois State Society of New York, a group of Illinois expatriates living in New York who got together for social reasons a few times each year, they held an annual Lincoln Day Dinner in February at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel and a Chicago Fire Remembrance Day each October at Delmonico's Restaurant in Manhattan.
In 1914 he was made chairman of the committee appointed by the Mayor of New York, John Purroy Mitchel, to study the question of unemployment and its relief. His second wife was a member of the New York State Commission for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in 1915; when America entered World War I in 1917, he was appointed chairman of the committee on steel of the Council of National Defense. Through his connection with a business essential to producing munitions of war, he exerted great influence in bringing about cooperation between the government and industry, he was interested in strengthening the friendship between Japan. In 1919, he was invited by President Wilson to attend the Industrial Conference in Washington, took a prominent part in it as a firm upholder of the “open shop,” of which he was always a strong advocate. Elbert Gary died on August 1927 in Manhattan, New York City, his first wife, Julia Emily Graves, whom he married on June 25, 1869, died in 1902. Gary was survived by his second wife, Emma T. Townsend, whom he had married on December 5, 1905.
In 2011 Gary was inducted into the inaugural class of the American Metal Market Steel Hall of Fame for his work in the steel industry and as the longest-serving CEO of U. S. Steel. List of people on the cover of Time magazine: 1920s - 5 July 1926 Chisholm, Hugh, ed.. "Gary, Elbert Henry". Encyclopædia Britannica. London & New York. William H. Page, "The Gary Dinners and the Meaning of Concerted Action", University of Florida Levin College of Law, 4-1-2009 Media related to Elbert Henry Gary at Wikimedia Commons Newspaper clippings about Elbert Henry Gary in the 20th Century Press Archives of the German National Library of Economics
