James Braid was a Scottish surgeon, natural philosopher, and "gentleman scientist".
James Braid, 1854
Hugh Boyd M‘Neile (at 65 yrs)
Braid's initial set of precise technical terms: Neurypnology (1843), pp. 12–13.
Neurypnology (1843).
An independent scientist is a financially independent scientist who pursues scientific study without direct affiliation to a public institution such as a university or government-run research and development body.
Sir George Cayley, 6th Baronet, discovered fundamental principles of aeronautics.