James Braid (surgeon)
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James Braid was a Scottish surgeon, natural philosopher, and "gentleman scientist". He was a significant innovator in the treatment of clubfoot, spinal curvature, knock-knees, bandy legs, and squint;
Braid in 1854
Hugh Boyd M'Neile
Braid's initial set of precise technical terms: Neurypnology (1843), pp. 12–13.
Neurypnology (1843).
Franz Mesmer
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Franz Anton Mesmer was a German physician with an interest in astronomy. He theorized the existence of a process of natural energy transference occurring between all animate and inanimate objects; thi
James Braid (surgeon)
…physiological condition underlying hypnotism to be the over-exercising of the eye muscles through the straining of attention. He completely rejected Franz Mesmer's idea that a magnetic fluid caused hypnotic phenomena, because anyone could produce them in "himself by attending strictly to the simple rules" that…
Print of Franz Anton Mesmer (Musée de la Révolution française)
De planetarum influxu in corpus humanum
Mesmer's grave in the cemetery in Meersburg, Germany.