1.
Emmy Awards
–
An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
Emmy Awards
–
TV producer
Bruce Kennedy holding an Emmy
Emmy Awards
–
Actress
Dana Delany holding an Emmy, 1992
Emmy Awards
–
TV producer and writer
Bradley Bell accepting Daytime Emmy Awards for his work on the daytime soap opera
The Bold and the Beautiful, 2010
Emmy Awards
–
Brazilian actress and TV host
Fernanda Lima holding
Rede Globo 's six medals of nominations to the International Emmys in 2012
2.
Cambridge, Massachusetts
–
Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, and is a part of the Boston metropolitan area. According to the 2010 Census, the population was 105,162. As of July 2014, it was the fifth most populous city in the state, behind Boston, Worcester, Springfield, Cambridge was one of the two seats of Middlesex County prior to the abolition of county government in 1997, Lowell was the other. The site for what would become Cambridge was chosen in December 1630, because it was located safely upriver from Boston Harbor, Thomas Dudley, his daughter Anne Bradstreet, and her husband Simon, were among the first settlers of the town. The first houses were built in the spring of 1631, the settlement was initially referred to as the newe towne. Official Massachusetts records show the name capitalized as Newe Towne by 1632, the original village site is in the heart of todays Harvard Square. In the late 19th century, various schemes for annexing Cambridge itself to the city of Boston were pursued and rejected, in 1636, the Newe College was founded by the colony to train ministers. Newe Towne was chosen for the site of the college by the Great and General Court primarily—according to Cotton Mather—to be near the popular, in May 1638 the name of the settlement was changed to Cambridge in honor of the university in Cambridge, England. Hooker and Shepard, Newtownes ministers, and the colleges first president, major benefactor, in 1629, Winthrop had led the signing of the founding document of the city of Boston, which was known as the Cambridge Agreement, after the university. It was Governor Thomas Dudley who, in 1650, signed the charter creating the corporation which still governs Harvard College, Cambridge grew slowly as an agricultural village eight miles by road from Boston, the capital of the colony. By the American Revolution, most residents lived near the Common and Harvard College, with farms and estates comprising most of the town. Coming up from Virginia, George Washington took command of the volunteer American soldiers camped on Cambridge Common on July 3,1775, most of the Tory estates were confiscated after the Revolution. On January 24,1776, Henry Knox arrived with artillery captured from Fort Ticonderoga, a second bridge, the Canal Bridge, opened in 1809 alongside the new Middlesex Canal. The new bridges and roads made what were formerly estates and marshland into prime industrial and residential districts, in the mid-19th century, Cambridge was the center of a literary revolution when it gave the country a new identity through poetry and literature. Cambridge was home to some of the famous Fireside Poets—so called because their poems would often be read aloud by families in front of their evening fires, the Fireside Poets—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, James Russell Lowell, and Oliver Wendell Holmes—were highly popular and influential in their day. Cambridge was incorporated as a city in 1846, the citys commercial center began to shift from Harvard Square to Central Square, which became the downtown of the city around this time. The coming of the railroad to North Cambridge and Northwest Cambridge then led to three changes in the city, the development of massive brickyards and brickworks between Massachusetts Ave. For many decades, the citys largest employer was the New England Glass Company, by the middle of the 19th century it was the largest and most modern glassworks in the world
Cambridge, Massachusetts
–
Clockwise from top left:
Christ Church,
University Hall at
Harvard University,
Ray and Maria Stata Center at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Cambridge skyline and
Charles River at night, and
Cambridge City Hall.
Cambridge, Massachusetts
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George Washington in Cambridge, 1775
Cambridge, Massachusetts
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A map of Cambridge from 1873
Cambridge, Massachusetts
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1852 Map of Boston area showing Cambridge and regional rail lines and highlighting the course of the
Middlesex Canal. Cambridge is toward the bottom of the map and outlined in yellow, and should not be confused with the pink-outlined and partially cropped "West Cambridge", now
Arlington.
3.
Sharon, Connecticut
–
Sharon is a town located in Litchfield County, Connecticut, in the northwest corner of the state. It is bounded on the north by Salisbury, on the east by the Housatonic River, on the south by Kent, and on the west by Dutchess County, New York. At the time of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 2,782. The ZIP code for Sharon is 06069, the first inhabitants of the area they called Poconnuck were the Mattabesec Indians. These were part of what became known as the Wappinger confederacy which in turn belonged to the loose Algonquian confederacy and it is named after the Plain of Sharon. 1765, John Cotton Smith, a prominent Connecticut politician, is born in Sharon,1782, The population of Sharon grows to over 2,230 people. 1960, Young Americans for Freedom is founded at the estate of William F. Buckley, the founding statement of this group will thus be known as the Sharon Statement. The following is a description of Sharon and its surroundings from a 1919 guide book to New England travel, the Street,200 feet wide and two miles long, is bordered by grand old elms forming a natural arbor. The Soldiers Monument with a cannon, and a stone clock tower are the modern features of the village. The Governor John Cotton Smith House, a specimen of Georgian architecture, is still perfectly preserved. The fine old George King brick house is at the head of the street, tiffany house is perhaps the oldest in the town. The old Pardee brick house stands by the Stone Bridge, the Prindle house is a spacious gambrel roof dwelling on Gay St. near the charming lakelet which furnishes a natural reservoir for the village water supply. The picturesque old Gay House has the builders initials M. G.1765 on a stone in the gable, in the early days Sharon was a place of busy and varied industries. Iron was manufactured here as early as 1743, and continued an important industry up to fifty years ago, to the north of the village is Mudge Pond, or Crystal Lake, and beyond, Indian Mountain. At the western foot of the mountain, on the State line, lies Indian Pond, on the edge of this lake was an Indian village where the Moravians early established a mission that did great work among the Indians. To the Moravians it was known as Gnadensee, the Lake of Grace, from Sharon the route runs northward past Lake Wononpakook and Lake Wononskopomuc, the latter an Indian word meaning sparkling water. Between the lakes, as the road forks right, is situated the widely known Hotchkiss School, on the right, half a mile from Lakeville, is the residence of Hon. Wm. Travers Jerome, formerly District Attorney of New York City. Sharon has 6 sites listed on the U. S. National Register of Historic Places, Ebenezer Gay House, Main St. Sharon Gov. Smith Homestead, South Main St. Sharon James Pardee House,129 N
Sharon, Connecticut
–
Hotchkiss Memorial Library
4.
Deadpan
–
Deadpan or dry humor/wit describes the act of deliberately displaying a lack of or no emotion, commonly as a form of comedic delivery to contrast with the ridiculousness of the subject matter. The delivery is meant to be blunt, sarcastic, laconic, the term deadpan first emerged as an adjective or adverb in the 1920s, as a compound word combining dead and pan. The oldest usage recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary comes from The New York Times, the usage of deadpan as a verb is recorded at least as far back as 1942. Early in his days, Buster Keaton developed his deadpan expression. Keaton realized that audiences responded better to his stony expression than when he smiled, many popular American sitcoms use deadpan expressions to deliver dry humor, including Curb Your Enthusiasm, Arrested Development, and My Name Is Earl. More recent examples are Andre Braugher as Captain Raymond Holt from the TV show Brooklyn Nine-Nine, Jennette McCurdy as Sam Puckett in iCarly, another example is the often-philosophical comedy of Steven Wright. Dry humor is often confused with highbrow or egghead humor, because the humor in dry humor does not exist in the words or delivery, instead, the listener must look for humor in the contradiction between words, delivery and context. Failure to include the context or to identify the contradiction results in the finding the dry humor unfunny. However, the term deadpan itself actually refers only to the method of delivery, other deadpan comedians, Deadpan can vary in subtlety. Obvious deadpan uses a high amount of contrast either with characters or situations and it may also take the role of mirror to characters who are unaware of their folly. More subtle deadpan can test the limits of the audience. Blank expression Dark humor Minimisation Throwaway line
Deadpan
–
Rat Pack comedian
Joey Bishop, noted for his deadpan style, with Jennie and Terrie Frankel (Doublemint Twins), Sig Sakowitz, Tony Diamond, Sara Sue, Tippi Hedren and Mel Bishop.
5.
The Philadelphia Inquirer
–
The Philadelphia Inquirer is a morning daily newspaper that serves the Philadelphia metropolitan area of the United States. The newspaper was founded by John R. Walker and John Norvell in June 1829 as The Pennsylvania Inquirer and is the third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the United States. Owned by Philadelphia Media Network, The Inquirer has the eighteenth largest average weekday U. S. newspaper circulation and has won twenty Pulitzer Prizes and it is the newspaper of record in the Delaware Valley. The paper has risen and fallen in prominence throughout its history, the Inquirer first became a major newspaper during the American Civil War when its war coverage was popular on both sides. The papers circulation dropped after the war, then rose by the end of the 19th century, by the end of the 1960s, The Inquirer trailed its chief competitor, the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, and lacked modern facilities and experienced staff. In the 1970s, new owners and editors turned the newspaper one of the countrys most prominent. Stan Wischnowski is Vice President of News Operations, the Philadelphia Inquirer was founded as The Pennsylvania Inquirer by printer John R. Walker and John Norvell, former editor of Philadelphias largest newspaper, the Aurora & Gazette. Founded on June 1,1829, The Philadelphia Inquirer is the third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the United States, however, in 1962, an Inquirer-commissioned historian traced The Inquirer to John Dunlaps The Pennsylvania Packet, which was founded on October 28,1771. In 1850, The Packet was merged with another newspaper, The North American, after Harding acquired The Pennsylvania Inquirer, it was briefly published as an afternoon paper before returning to its original morning format in January 1830. Under Harding, in 1829, The Inquirer moved from its location between Front and Second Streets to between Second and Third Streets. When Harding bought and merged the Morning Journal in January 1830, Ten years later The Inquirer again was moved, this time to its own building at the corner of Third Street and Carters Alley. Harding expanded The Inquirers content and the paper grew into a major Philadelphian newspaper. The expanded content included the addition of fiction, and in 1840, at the time the common practice was to pay little or nothing for the rights of foreign authors works. Harding retired in 1859 and was succeeded by his son William White Harding, William Harding changed the name of the newspaper to its current name, The Philadelphia Inquirer. Harding, in an attempt to increase circulation, cut the price of the paper, in 1859, circulation had been around 7,000, by 1863 it had increased to 70,000. Part of the increase was due to the interest in news during the American Civil War, the Philadelphia Inquirer supported the Union, but Harding wanted their coverage to remain neutral. Confederate generals often sought copies of the paper, believing that the war coverage was accurate. Inquirer journalist Uriah Hunt Painter was at the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861, initial reports from the government claimed a Union victory, but The Inquirer went with Painters firsthand account
The Philadelphia Inquirer
–
The paper's May 2, 2011 front page
The Philadelphia Inquirer
–
The Inquirer Building, formerly the Elverson Building, the home of the newspaper from 1924-2011
The Philadelphia Inquirer
–
The sign above the entrance to The Inquirer Building
The Philadelphia Inquirer
–
The former
Strawbridge & Clothier Building at 801 Market Street, where the Inquirer and Daily News offices are now located.
6.
Saturday Night Live
–
Saturday Night Live is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11,1975, under the original title NBCs Saturday Night, the shows comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest and features performances by a musical guest, an episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, Live from New York, its Saturday Night. In 1980, Michaels left the series to other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews, Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned, Michaels has remained since then. Many of SNLs cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film. The show format has developed and recreated in several countries. Successful sketches have seen life outside of the show as feature films, throughout four decades on air, Saturday Night Live has received a number of awards, including 50 Primetime Emmy Awards, two Peabody Awards, and three Writers Guild of America Awards. In 2000, it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame and it was ranked tenth in TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time list, and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time magazines 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. As of 2012, it has received 156 Emmy nominations, the most received by any TV show, the live aspect of the show has resulted in several controversies and acts of censorship, with mistakes and intentional acts of sabotage by performers as well as guests. From 1965 until September 1975, NBC ran The Best of Carson reruns of The Tonight Show, in 1974, Johnny Carson announced that he wanted the weekend shows pulled and saved so that they could be aired during weeknights, allowing him to take time off. In 1974, NBC president Herbert Schlosser approached his vice president of late night programming, Dick Ebersol, at the suggestion of Paramount Pictures executive Barry Diller, Schlosser and Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels. Over the next three weeks, Ebersol and Michaels developed the idea for a variety show featuring high-concept comedy sketches, political satire. By 1975 Michaels had assembled a talented cast, including Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael ODonoghue, Gilda Radner, and George Coe. The show was originally called NBCs Saturday Night, because Saturday Night Live was in use by Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell on the rival network ABC, NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title on March 26,1977. In 1975 and 1976, they were the most desirable demographic for television advertisers, NBC executives agreed with Michaels and decided to keep the show on the air despite many angry letters and phone calls that the network received from viewers who were offended by certain sketches. Chevy Chase left the show in November of the season and was replaced a few months later by the then-unknown comic actor Bill Murray. Aykroyd and Belushi left the show in 1979 after the end of season four, in May 1980, Michaels—emotionally and physically exhausted—requested to put the show on hiatus for a year to give him time and energy to pursue other projects
Saturday Night Live
–
The original 1975 cast, from left to right:
Laraine Newman,
John Belushi,
Jane Curtin,
Gilda Radner,
Dan Aykroyd,
Garrett Morris, and
Chevy Chase
Saturday Night Live
–
Creator
Lorne Michaels.
Saturday Night Live
–
Comcast Building (30 Rockefeller Plaza, or "30 Rock") from where the show is broadcast.
Saturday Night Live
–
SNL 's main stage, during rehearsal, 2008
7.
Emmy Award
–
An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
Emmy Award
–
TV producer
Bruce Kennedy holding an Emmy
Emmy Award
–
Actress
Dana Delany holding an Emmy, 1992
Emmy Award
–
TV producer and writer
Bradley Bell accepting Daytime Emmy Awards for his work on the daytime soap opera
The Bold and the Beautiful, 2010
Emmy Award
–
Brazilian actress and TV host
Fernanda Lima holding
Rede Globo 's six medals of nominations to the International Emmys in 2012
8.
3rd Rock from the Sun
–
3rd Rock from the Sun is an American sitcom that aired from 1996 to 2001 on NBC. The show is about four extraterrestrials who are on an expedition to Earth, the extraterrestrials pose as a human family to observe the behavior of human beings. Humor was principally derived from the attempts to study human society and, because of their living as humans themselves while on Earth. This show reflects human life from the perspective of aliens and many sources of humor are from the experiences the alien characters have. Most of the episodes are named after the protagonist Dick, in later episodes, they are more accustomed to Earth and often are more interested in their human lives than in their mission. Dr. Mary Albright is a professor of anthropology at Pendelton State University, furthermore, these four alien researchers end up looking more or less like joyriders as they get drawn further and further into human life. Dick Solomon, the High Commander and leader of the expedition, is the provider as a physics professor at Pendelton. The show also involves their relationships with humans, mostly their love interests, the family often communicates through Harry with their off-world boss, the Big Giant Head, who when he finally visits Earth, appears in the body of William Shatner. Harry unexpectedly stands up, his arms stiff, and proclaims and their original forms, for example, are described as nonsexual, with reproduction a matter of sending packets of genetic material to each other in the mail. Leaders like the Big Giant Head are unelected and assumed infallible, the upshot is that living in an Earth culture provides the Solomons with an almost intolerable degree of emotional stimulation and conflict. Although they are ill-equipped to handle such an emotional maelstrom, they love it, several episodes feature send-ups of TV and films. For example, in the episode Dicks Big Giant Headache, both Dick and the Big Giant Head mention seeing something on the wing of the plane after having traveled by airline. That was a nod to both Lithgow and Shatner having played the role of the passenger who sees a gremlin on the wing in The Twilight Zone. Occasionally, references would be made to specific features of the abilities and of their experiences on their own world. The theme of the idiot savant repeatedly resurfaces, since each member of the family makes up for their extreme naïveté with some special skill owing to their alien nature. A segment from an episode has him reading a passage from A Brief History of Time and laughing at Stephen Hawkings description of virtual particles quipping, These Earth people will swallow anything. Even so, Dick is often shown as the member of the family with the least to recommend in terms of his ability, leading them to question his right to command. Sally, for instance, is depicted as not only having an attractive body, but also being amazingly physically strong and fit, able to fight and defeat large groups of men much larger than her
3rd Rock from the Sun
–
3rd Rock from the Sun
3rd Rock from the Sun
–
John Lithgow as Dick, Kristen Johnston as Sally, French Stewart as Harry, Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Tommy, and Jane Curtin as Mary
3rd Rock from the Sun
–
John Lithgow
9.
Mary Albright
–
Mary Margaret Albright is a fictional character who was played by Jane Curtin in the American situation comedy 3rd Rock from the Sun. She serves as a foil and love interest for the eccentric Dick Solomon. Curtin was recruited to play Mary by friend Bonnie Turner after another actress was deemed too sweet for the part, co-star John Lithgow said, We really needed a very strong human comic presence. Someone who could give it out and dish it out, Curtin had earlier worked with Bonnie and Terry Turner on Saturday Night Live and in the 1993 film Coneheads. She originally signed for just seven episodes, but soon agreed to extend her commitment, I loved the character, but I also loved the sense of humor on the show, she later explained. I had known John in New York, and Im very comfortable with him and it made me laugh when John and I were working together -- there just would be puddles on the floor. Reflecting on the show in 2005, Lithgow remarked Jane was just perfect for it, Mary works as a professor of Anthropology at the fictional Pendelton State University in Rutherford, Ohio. For approximately six months during the sitcoms 4th season, Mary served as dean of Pendletons School of Arts and Sciences. However, she lost this job and returned to her role as professor after she was breaking into friend. Mary and the father of the group, who works at Pendelton as a physics professor, were forced to share an office. While Dick was attracted to her almost instantly, Mary took a time to warm to Dick. After their initial success, Dick and Mary enjoyed a relationship, Dick would often annoy Mary, causing her to grow angry. However, she realises how much she would miss Earth, so she, in an alternate ending, Dick returns and abducts her. From hints in the show, Mary formerly drank a lot, from references and one episode about her parents, it appears that her father had affairs and her mother drank a lot. Mary comes from an average but trashy family, but she and sister Renata have become successful - Renata is rich. In one episode, Dick marries Renata, in order to divorce her, Renata was played by guest star Megan Mullally. Mary also has a brother, Roy Albright, who claims to have been abducted by aliens. This completely freaks out the family, to this end Sally, in the end he is found out to be lying
Mary Albright
–
Jane Curtin as Dr. Mary Albright
10.
Coneheads (film)
–
Coneheads is a 1993 American science fiction comedy film from Paramount Pictures, produced by Lorne Michaels, directed by Steve Barron, and starring Dan Aykroyd, Jane Curtin and Michelle Burke. The film is based on the NBC Saturday Night Live comedy sketches about aliens stranded on Earth, Michelle Burke took over the role played by Laraine Newman on SNL. The film also features roles and cameos by actors and comedians from other television series of the time. Upon discovering a UFO in American airspace, the National Guard sends fighter jets to investigate, activating a cloaking device too late, the spaceship crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, near Manhattan. The aliens aboard, Beldar Clorhone and his life-mate Prymaat, survive and quickly adapt to our way of life. Beldar was assigned by the Highmaster to conquer earth as a Protoid Re-fueling Station under the title of Fuel Survey Underlord of the Wilderness Planet at the end of the Noctolium Solar Chain. Meanwhile, after communicating with their world and discovering that a vessel will not arrive for seven Zurls. They now need to adapt and safely blend in in order to raise their child among humans. Ambitious INS agent Gorman Seedling and his assistant Eli attempt to capture Beldar and Prymaat, months later, Beldar has become a respected taxi driver, and the couple live in his bosss basement. After the birth of their daughter Connie, they buy a home and move to suburban Paramus, New Jersey, Beldar begins a new career, this time as a driving instructor. Meanwhile, Gorman gets a promotion and decides to leave the Coneheads case to the agent replacing him and his promotion, however, is soon held-up by the cases extreme expense, forcing Gorman to continue until its closed. Now a teenager, all Connie Conehead wants to do is fit in with her peers, much to the objections of her father, especially when she begins seeing Ronnie, an auto mechanic. This caused tension between Connie and Beldar, who disapproves of Ronnie, with Beldar going so far as tearing the roof off Ronnies car. Gorman and Eli track the Coneheads down to their home and pose as Jehovahs Witnesses to gain entry to the Conehead home. During the conversation, Prymaat discovers their communication device to Remulak is beeping and this cause Beldar to promptly eject Gorman and Eli from their home. Beldar then receives word that their vessel is on its way. At a costume party that night, Connie is told that they will be rescued soon and she disobeys her parental units by returning home with Ronnie. Once there Connie consummates their relationship using her parents senso-rings, Beldar and Prymaat walk in on them, just as the INS shows up to take the Coneheads into custody
Coneheads (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
11.
Wellesley, Massachusetts
–
Wellesley /ˈwɛlzliː/ is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of Greater Boston, the population was 27,982 at the time of the 2010 census. It has one of the highest median household and family incomes in Massachusetts and it is best known as the home of Wellesley College, Babson College, and a campus of Massachusetts Bay Community College. Wellesley was settled in the 1630s as part of Dedham, Massachusetts and it was subsequently a part of Needham, Massachusetts called West Needham, Massachusetts. On October 23,1880, West Needham residents voted to secede from Needham, the town was named after the estate of local benefactor Horatio Hollis Hunnewell. Wellesleys population grew by over 80 percent during the 1920s, the town designated Cottage Street and its nearby alleys as the historic district in its zoning plan. Most houses in this district were built around the 1860s and qualify as protected buildings certified by the historic commission. Wellesley is located in eastern Massachusetts and it is bordered on the east by Newton, on the north by Weston, on the south by Needham and Dover and on the west by Natick. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 10.49 square miles. The towns historic 19th century inn was demolished to make way for condominiums, the Wellesley Country Club clubhouse, which is the building where the town was founded, was demolished in 2008, and a new clubhouse was built. The towns pre-World War II high school building was torn down & replaced, the Census Bureau has also defined the town as a census-designated place with an area exactly equivalent to the town. As of the census of 2000, there were 26,613 people,8,594 households, the population density was 2,614.1 people per square mile. There were 8,861 housing units at a density of 870.4 per square mile. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 4% of the population,20. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the family size was 3.14. In the town, the population was out with 25. 1% under the age of 18,13. 9% from 18 to 24,22. 9% from 25 to 44,24. 2% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 77.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.1 males, the median income for a household was $159,167, and the median income for a family was $186,518
Wellesley, Massachusetts
–
Wellesley Square
Wellesley, Massachusetts
–
Central Street in Wellesley Square, looking west
Wellesley, Massachusetts
–
Wellesley Town Hall
Wellesley, Massachusetts
–
Residence halls at
Wellesley College
12.
Portsmouth, Rhode Island
–
Portsmouth is a town in Newport County, Rhode Island, USA. The population was 17,389 at the 2010 U. S. Census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 59.3 square miles, of which. Most of its area lies on Aquidneck Island, which it shares with Middletown. In addition, Portsmouth encompasses some smaller islands, including Prudence Island, Patience Island, Hope Island, Portsmouth was settled in 1638 by a group of religious dissenters from Massachusetts Bay Colony, including Dr. John Clarke, William Coddington, and Anne Hutchinson. It is named after Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, roger Williams convinced the settlers that they should go there instead of settling in the Province of New Jersey, where they had first planned on going. It was founded by the signers of the Portsmouth Compact and its original Indian name was Pocasset, and it was officially named Portsmouth on May 12,1639. It became part of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations and eventually part of the State of Rhode Island, Portsmouth is the site of one of the earliest and most bizarre murder trials. In 1673, Rebecca Cornell, widow of emigrant Thomas Cornell and her son Thomas Jr. was accused, tried, convicted, and hanged for the crime. There was only evidence presented against him, and there were a number of other potential suspects, including his wife. It was also possible that Rebecca simply caught fire trying to stay warm near a fireplace, but an alleged visit of the ghost of Rebecca to a testifying relative was admitted as solid evidence in the case. This case and its history have been chronicled in the book Killed Strangely, Portsmouth is the site of an important capture during the American War for Independence. Lieutenant Colonel William Barton of Rhode Island captured British Commander at Rhode Island General Richard Prescott there and it is also the site of Rhode Islands only major battle in that war on Butts Hill. Nearby Founders Brook is said to have run red with the blood of fallen British soldiers on August 29,1778, the 1st Rhode Island Regiment was composed mostly of African-American soldiers, and it served in the army of General John Sullivan during the Battle of Rhode Island. Portsmouth High School Portsmouth Middle School Howard W, in addition, Portsmouth is home to the Portsmouth Business Park, as well as a few small plazas with a variety of businesses. Portsmouth is also home to a branch of Raytheon, and its Integrated Defense Systems department, Portsmouth is the headquarters of US Sailing, the National Governing Body of Sailing in the U. S. Portsmouth is also home to the Newport International Polo Series held at Glen Farm. Portsmouth is also home to the Portsmouth Pirates, the soccer team. Portsmouth High School also has successful football, basketball, baseball
Portsmouth, Rhode Island
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Portsmouth welcome sign
Portsmouth, Rhode Island
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Portsmouth Compact memorial at Founder's Brook.
Portsmouth, Rhode Island
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The
Mount Hope Bridge, connecting Portsmouth with
Bristol, Rhode Island.
Portsmouth, Rhode Island
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The 1725 schoolhouse owned by the Portsmouth Historical Society is one of the oldest surviving in the U.S.
13.
South Florida
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South Florida is a region of the U. S. state of Florida, comprising the southernmost part of the state. It is one of Floridas three most common directional regions, the others being Central Florida and North Florida and it includes the populous Miami metropolitan area, the Florida Keys, and other localities. South Florida is the part of the continental United States with a tropical climate. As with all regions, South Florida has no official boundaries or status and is defined differently by different sources. A2007 study of Floridas regions by Ary Lamme and Raymond K. Oldakowski found that Floridians surveyed identified South Florida as comprising the southernmost sections of peninsular Florida and that area includes the Miami metropolitan area, the Florida Keys, and the interior region known as the Glades. Additionally, Southwest Florida, representing the states southern Gulf Coast, has emerged as a vernacular region. Some respondents from as far northwest as the southern Tampa Bay area identified their region as being in South Florida rather than Southwest or Central Florida, some entities alternately designate this region South Florida. Its definition includes much of the territory as Lamme and Oldakowskis report as well as additional area. It includes Monroe County and the three counties of Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach, as well as the three Treasure Coast counties of Indian River, St. Lucie, and Martin to the north. The demographics of South Florida residents can be segmented as following, the Miami accent is a regional accent of the American English dialect spoken in South Florida, particularly in Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, and Monroe counties. The accent was born in central Miami, but has expanded to much of South Florida in the past few decades, the Miami accent is most prevalent in younger, native south Floridians. Lamme and Oldakowski identify several demographic, political, and cultural elements that characterize South Florida, politically, South Florida is more liberal than the rest of the state. While less than 10% of people in either North or Central Florida felt their area was liberal, 38% characterized the area as conservative, 26% as moderate. The economy in South Florida is very similar to that in Central Florida, compared to the more diversified economy in North Florida, tourism is by far the most significant industry in South and Central Florida, with a much smaller but vibrant agricultural industry. Lamme and Oldakowskis survey also found some cultural indicators distinguishing South Florida, South Florida is the only region of the state where ethnic foods are as popular as general American cuisine. Additionally, while there was little variation for most styles of music. Country was significantly less popular in South Florida than in North or Central Florida, the Anthony J. Catanese Center for Urban and Environmental Solutions at Florida Atlantic University notes the unusual growth pattern of South Florida. The developed area is urbanized and increasingly continuous and decentralized
South Florida
South Florida
South Florida
South Florida
14.
Northeastern University
–
Northeastern University is a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts, established in 1898. It is categorized as an R1 institution by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, the university offers undergraduate and graduate programs on its main campus in the Fenway-Kenmore, Roxbury, South End, and Back Bay neighborhoods of Boston. The university has satellite campus in Charlotte, North Carolina, Seattle, Washington, an additional satellite campus will open in Toronto, Canada in late 2016. The universitys enrollment is approximately 18,000 undergraduate students and 7,000 graduate students, Northeastern features a cooperative education program that integrates classroom study with professional experience on seven continents and a comprehensive study abroad program. In 2011, the university opened the George J. Kostas Research Institute for Homeland Security, the Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex opened in early 2017. Northeastern is a large, highly residential university, most students choose to live on campus but upperclassmen have the option to live off campus. More than 75% of Northeastern students receive some form of financial aid, in the 2015–16 school year, the university offered $239 million in grant and scholarship assistance. The universitys sports teams, the Northeastern Huskies, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Colonial Athletic Association in 18 varsity sports, mens Track and Field has won the CAA back to back years in 2015 and 2016. In 2013, mens basketball won its first CAA regular season championship, mens soccer won the CAA title for the first time, in 1903, the first Automobile Engineering School in the country was established followed by the School of Commerce and Finance in 1907. In 1916, a bill was introduced into the Massachusetts Legislature to incorporate the institute as Northeastern College, after considerable debate and investigation it was passed in March 1916. On March 30,1917, Frank Palmer Speare was inaugurated as the new Colleges first President, five years later the school changed its name to Northeastern University to better reflect the increasing depth of its instruction. In March 1923, the University secured general degree granting power from the Legislature, with the exception of the A. B. the S. B. the College of Liberal Arts was added in 1935. Two years later the Northeastern University Corporation was established, with a board of trustees composed of 31 University members and 8 from the YMCA, in 1948 Northeastern separated itself completely from the YMCA. Following World War II Northeastern began admitting women, in the postwar educational boom the University created the College of Education, University College, and the Colleges of Pharmacy and Nursing. The College of Criminal Justice followed, then the College of Computer Science, by the early 1980s the one-time night commuter school had grown to nearly 60,000 enrollees. By 1989–1990 University enrollment had reduced to about 40,000 full, part-time, and evening students, following the retirement of President Kenneth Ryder 1989 the University adopted a slow and more thoughtful approach to change. Historically, it had been accepting between 7,500 and 10,000 students per year based on applications of about 15,000 to 20,000 with acceptance rates between 50% and 75% depending on program. Attrition rates were huge, with a 25% freshmen dropout rate and graduation rate below 50%, when President John Curry left office in 1996 the university population had been systematically reduced to about 25,000
Northeastern University
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The
Huntington Avenue YMCA circa 1920, site of the "Evening Institute for Younger Men"
Northeastern University
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Northeastern University
Northeastern University
–
Robert J. Shillman Hall constructed in 1995
Northeastern University
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Northeastern's historic
Ell Hall on Huntington Avenue
15.
Fred Grandy
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Grandy was most recently the host of The Grandy Group, a morning drive time radio talk show on 630 WMAL in Washington, D. C. Grandy was born in Sioux City, Iowa, the youngest of three sons of William Grandy, who worked in his fathers business, and his wife Bonnie. When Grandy was eleven, his father died of a heart attack and his mother died of an aneurysm a year later. The young Grandy was raised by Margaret Avery, his mothers best friend, a widow and he went to public schools until ninth grade, after which he attended high school at Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire, like his father and brothers had done. Grandy graduated magna cum laude with a degree in English studies from Harvard University in 1970. Grandy is perhaps best known to millions of fans around the world as purser Burl Gopher Smith on the American television series The Love Boat, the series aired for nine seasons. He also wrote several vignettes for the show, in 1982, while visiting Turkey to film scenes for the show, Grandy suffered severe burns when a balloon filled with hydrogen exploded. Before gaining stardom on The Love Boat, Grandy had guest roles on shows, including Love, American Style, Mary Tyler Moore, Maude, Phyllis. Grandy also acted in the 1973 made-for-TV movie, The Girl Most Likely to and he also appeared in a number of Match Game episodes in the mid-1970s. He usually sat in the male guest-star seat in the top row left, in 2014, Grandy had a recurring role on Season 3 of The Mindy Project for which his son, Charlie Grandy, is a writer. Grandy holds a Master of Fine Arts degree from the Washington Shakespeare Theatre, unknown to most television viewers during the height of his stardom on The Love Boat, Grandys political interests preceded his acting career. Apart from his friendship with David Eisenhower, he served as a speechwriter for Wiley Mayne. Although he tried to distance himself from his career, he conceded to People magazine that if there were no Gopher. During his four terms in Congress, he served on a variety of committees, including Ways and Means, Agriculture, Standards of Official Conduct, and Education, while a member of Congress, Grandy won eight Watchdog of the Treasury awards. Grandy served as President and CEO of Goodwill Industries International from 1995 to 2000, from 2003 to 2010, Grandy and radio veteran Andy Parks were the hosts of The Grandy & Andy Morning Show, a conservative radio talk show on 630 WMAL in Washington, D. C. In May 2010, the program was reconfigured and was afterward called The Grandy Group, on March 3,2011, Grandy resigned from the program allegedly over a dispute about his and his wifes statements about radical Islam or low listenership. Grandy was also the host of a show on Retirement Living TV called Daily Cafe, in May 2013, Grandy returned to the stage, starring in a production of Sleuth at the Surflight Theatre in Beach Haven, New Jersey. He married Jan Gough in 1969, but they were divorced in 1983, a son and a daughter were born to that union
Fred Grandy
–
Fred Grandy
16.
Not Ready For Prime Time Players
–
The following is a list of Saturday Night Live cast members, past and present. The cast members of Saturday Night Live were originally referred to as the Not Ready For Prime Time Players, as of October 2016, the show has featured 145 cast members. The list below includes both repertory and featured players, but omits SNL writers and others who were not listed as cast members during the shows credits, the dates given are those of the years they were part of the cast. Many of the cast members were writers as well, lighter colors denote featured players versus repertory cast members. The following is a list of the cast members with the longest tenures, the following is a list of the former cast members who have had the shortest tenures, spending less than a full 20-episode season on the show. The following is a list of the youngest people to join the show, the following is a list of the oldest people to join the show. After 14 seasons, Darrell Hammond left as the shows oldest active cast member, as of May 2016, there are 34 SNL hosts who, at one point in their careers, were either a repertory or featured member of the SNL cast. The following performers have hosted SNL either before, during, or after their tenure as a member of the SNL cast, portraying the incumbent President of the United States is considered about as high an honor that can be bestowed upon a cast member. The following is a list of people who have portrayed the sitting President, Darrell Hammond had the longest tenure portraying a U. S. president, with Bill Clinton from 1995–2001, and George W. Bush during 2003. Hammond also portrayed Richard Nixon in season 34, episode 12, michael McKean portrayed Bill Clinton during a brief period after Phil Hartmans departure. There was also a sketch featuring Chris Farley, David Spade, Chris Elliott, Adam Sandler, there was also a gag in a 2001 sketch with Tracy Morgan filling in for Will Ferrell as George W. Bush. Another noteworthy presidential portrayal was that of Dan Aykroyd as former president Richard Nixon from 1975–79, carrey did, however, audition to be a cast member for the 1980–81 season, he hosted the show in May 1996, January 2011, and October 2014. Two cast members have been pregnant while working as cast members, in most cases, the pregnancies were not written into the script. Ana Gasteyer,2002 Amy Poehler,2008 Although SNL is best known as the launchpad for many successful careers and this has given rise to a superstition known as the Saturday Night Live Curse. Saturday Night Live Band List of Saturday Night Live guests List of Saturday Night Live writers
Not Ready For Prime Time Players
–
The original cast (l to r):
Laraine Newman,
John Belushi,
Jane Curtin,
Gilda Radner,
Dan Aykroyd,
Garrett Morris, and
Chevy Chase
17.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
NBC
–
The
Comcast Building in
New York City (or the GE Building, originally the
RCA Building) serves as the headquarters of NBC.
NBC
–
National Broadcasting Company
NBC
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Radio City West was located at
Sunset Boulevard and
Vine Street in Los Angeles until it was replaced by a bank in the mid-1960s.
NBC
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Entrance at the GE Building.
18.
Eric Idle
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Eric Idle is an English comedian, actor, voice actor, author, singer-songwriter, musician, writer and comedic composer. Idle is a member of the British surreal comedy group Monty Python, a member of The Rutles, Idle was born in Harton, near South Shields in County Durham, to which his mother had been evacuated from the north west of England. His mother, Norah Barron, was a visitor and his father, Ernest Idle, served in the Royal Air Force during World War II. His mother had difficulty coping with a job and bringing up a child, so when Idle was seven. At this time, the school was a foundation dedicated to the education. Idle is quoted as saying, It was an abusive, bullying. I got used to dealing with groups of boys and getting on with life in unpleasant circumstances and being smart and funny, Idle stated that the two things that made his life bearable were listening to Radio Luxembourg under the bedclothes and watching the local football team, Wolverhampton Wanderers. Despite this, he disliked other sports and would sneak out of school every Thursday afternoon to the local cinema, Idle was eventually caught watching the X-rated film BUtterfield 8 and stripped of his prefecture, though by that time he was head boy. Idle had already refused to be senior boy in the cadet force. Idle maintains that there was little to do at the school, Idle attended Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he studied English. At Pembroke, he was invited to join the prestigious Cambridge University Footlights Club by the president of the Footlights Club, Tim Brooke-Taylor, Idle started at Cambridge only a year after future fellow-Pythons Graham Chapman and John Cleese. He became Footlights President in 1965 and was the first to allow women to join the club, Idle starred in the childrens television comedy series Do Not Adjust Your Set co-starring his future Python fellows Terry Jones and Michael Palin. Terry Gilliam provided animations for the show, the shows cast also included comic actors David Jason and Denise Coffey. Idle also appeared as guest in episodes of the television series At Last the 1948 Show. The other Pythons usually worked in teams and Cleese admitted that this was slightly unfair – when the Pythons voted on which sketches should appear in a show, however, he also says that Idle was an independent person and worked best on his own. Idle himself admitted this was difficult, You had to convince five others. And they were not the most un-egotistical of writers, either, a number of his sketches involve extended monologues, and he would frequently spoof the unnatural language and speech patterns of television presenters. The second-youngest member of the Pythons, Idle was closest in spirit to the students, Idle originally wrote Nudge, Nudge for Ronnie Barker, but it was rejected because there was no joke in the words
Eric Idle
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Eric Idle with guitar
19.
Al Franken
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Alan Stuart Al Franken is an American politician, comedian, actor, and writer. He is currently the junior United States Senator from Minnesota and he became well known in the 1970s and 1980s as a writer and performer on the television comedy show Saturday Night Live. After several decades as an actor and writer, he became a prominent liberal political activist. Franken is a member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party, an affiliate of the Democratic Party, born in New York City, Franken moved to Minnesota when he was four but he later went back to the East Coast and attended Harvard College. With his writing partner Tom Davis, with whom he had developed an interest in theatre in high school. He worked on the show as a writer and performer until 1980, after leaving SNL, he wrote and acted in movies and television shows. He also hosted a syndicated, political radio talk show, The Al Franken Show. Franken was born on May 21,1951, in New York City, the son of Joseph Franken, a salesman, and Phoebe Franken. His paternal grandparents emigrated from Germany, his grandfather came from Grodno, Belarus. Both of his parents were Jewish, and Al was raised in a Reform Jewish home, the Franken family moved to Albert Lea, Minnesota, when Al was four years old. His father opened a quilting factory – but after just two years, the factory failed, the family moved to St. Louis Park, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. Franken graduated from The Blake School in 1969, where he was a member of the wrestling team and he attended Harvard College where he majored in government, graduating cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts in 1973. His older brother Owen is a photojournalist, and his cousin Bob is a journalist for MSNBC, Franken began performing in high school where he, along with his friend and long-time writing partner Tom Davis, were known for their humor. The two first performed on stage at Minneapolis Brave New Workshop theater, specializing in political satire and they soon found themselves in what was described as a life of near-total failure on the fringes of show business in Los Angeles. Franken and Tom Davis were recruited as two of the writers on Saturday Night Live. In Season 1 of SNL, as writers, the two shared a salary of $350 per week. Franken received seven Emmy nominations and three awards for his writing and producing while creating such characters as self-help guru Stuart Smalley. Another routine proclaimed the 1980s to be the Al Franken Decade, Franken and Davis wrote the script to the 1986 comedy film One More Saturday Night, appearing in it as rock singers in a band called Bad Mouth
Al Franken
–
Al Franken
Al Franken
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Franken entertaining troops at
Ramstein Air Base in December 2000
Al Franken
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Franken giving a political speech in Rochester, Minnesota
Al Franken
–
Franken meeting with Vice President
Joe Biden in May 2009
20.
Double act
–
If the audience identifies primarily with one character, the other will often be referred to as a comic foil. The term feed comes from the way a man is wont to set up jokes. Despite the names given to the roles, the straight man need not be humorless. Where the straight man serves no personal comic purpose but acts as a device to make the comic look good and this is sometimes considered a derogatory term. Most often, however, the humor in a double act comes from the way the two personalities play off other, rather than from the individuals themselves. In many successful acts the roles are interchangeable, the template for the modern double act began in the British music halls and the American vaudeville scene of the late nineteenth century. Here, the man was a necessity, as he would repeat the lines of the comic. This was done simply because the audience would be noisy, soon the dynamic developed so that the straight man became a more integral part of the act, setting up jokes to which the comic could then deliver the punchline. At various stages, acts such as George Burns and Gracie Allen, Abbott and Costello, Flanagan and Allen, Gallagher and Shean, the dynamic continued to develop, with Abbott and Costello using a modern and recognizable formula in routines such as Whos On First. In the 1930s and Flanagan and Allen using cross talking, by the 1920s, double acts were beginning to attract worldwide fame more readily through the silent era. However, because of the restrictions, the comedy was not derived from cross talk or clever verbal exchanges but through slapstick routines. The first double act to gain fame through film was Laurel. Before meeting, the pair had never worked together on stage, though both had worked in vaudeville—Stan Laurel with Charlie Chaplin as part of Fred Karnos Army and Oliver Hardy as a singer. Laurel could loosely be described as the comic, though the pair were one of the first not to fit the mold in the way that many double acts do, the pair first worked together as a double act in the 1927 film Duck Soup. The first Laurel and Hardy film was called Putting Pants on Philip though their characters had not yet been established. The first film both appeared in was Lucky Dog in 1917. Indeed, they were one of the few silent acts who made a successful transition to spoken word pictures in the 1930s. The year 1940 saw the release of Laurel and Hardys Saps at Sea, their film for long-term producer
Double act
–
Gallagher and Shean, a popular vaudeville act of the 1920s
21.
John Belushi
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John Adam Belushi was an American comedian, actor and musician. During his career he had a personal and artistic partnership with fellow SNL actor. He was posthumously honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Belushis mother, Agnes Demetri, was the daughter of Albanian immigrants, and his father, Adam Anastos Belushi, was an Albanian immigrant from Qytezë. Belushi was raised in the Albanian Orthodox Church and attended Wheaton Community High School, in 1965 Belushi formed a music band, The Ravens, together with four fellow high school students. They recorded one single, Listen to Me Now/Jolly Green Giant, the record wasnt successful and the band broke up when Belushi moved to Chicago, where he enrolled at College of DuPage. Belushi started his own troupe in Chicago, The West Compass Trio, with Tino Insana. At Second City, he met and began working with Harold Ramis, in 1972 Belushi was offered a role, together with Chevy Chase and Christopher Guest, in National Lampoon Lemmings, a parody of Woodstock, which played Off-Broadway in 1972. During a trip to Toronto to check the local Second City cast in 1974, Jacklin became an associate producer for the show, and she and Belushi were married on December 31,1976. In 1975 Chevy Chase and writer Michael ODonoghue recommended Belushi to Lorne Michaels as a member for a television show Michaels was about to produce called Saturday Night Live. Michaels was initially unsure as he wasnt sure if Belushis physical humour would fit with what he was envisioning, kirk on The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise and a contributor of furious opinion pieces on Weekend Update, during which he coined his catchphrase, But N-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O. With Aykroyd, Belushi created Jake and Elwood, the Blues Brothers, originally intended to warm up the crowd before the show, the Blues Brothers were eventually featured as music guestsBelushi also reprised his imitation of Joe Cocker from Lemmings. Cocker himself joined Belushi in 1976 and they sang together Feeling Alright, like many of his SNL fellow cast members, Belushi begun experimenting heavily with drugs to deal with the constant pressure. His unpredictable temper caused him to be fired by Michaels a number of times, in Rolling Stones February,2015 appraisal of all 141 SNL cast members to that time, Belushi received the top ranking. Belushi was the live in Saturday Night Live, they wrote, nobody embodied the highs and lows of SNL like Belushi. In 1978, he made the films Old Boyfriends, Goin South, upon its initial release, Animal House received generally mixed reviews from critics, but Time and Roger Ebert proclaimed it one of the years best. Animal House was also responsible for defining and launching the gross-out genre of films. Following the success of The Blues Brothers on SNL, Belushi and Aykroyd, with the help of pianist-arranger Paul Shaffer and these included SNL saxophonist Blue Lou Marini and trombonist-saxophonist Tom Malone, who had previously played in Blood, Sweat & Tears. In 1978 The Blues Brothers released their album, Briefcase Full of Blues
John Belushi
–
Belushi, age 24, at
Second City (1973)
22.
Gilda Radner
–
Gilda Susan Radner was an American comedian, actress, and one of seven original cast members of the NBC sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live. In her routines, Radner specialized in broad and obnoxious parodies of stereotypes, such as annoying advice specialists. She also portrayed those characters in her successful one-woman show on Broadway in 1979, Radner died from ovarian cancer in 1989, and her life and legacy from SNL established her as an iconic figure in the history of American comedy. Her widower, Gene Wilder, carried out her wish that information about her illness would help other cancer victims. Radner was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Jewish parents, Henrietta, a secretary, and Herman Radner. Through her mother, Radner was a cousin of business executive Steve Ballmer. She grew up in Detroit with a nanny, Elizabeth Clementine Gillies, whom she called Dibby, and she attended the exclusive University Liggett School in Detroit. I have weighed as much as 160 pounds and as little as 93, when I was a kid, I overate constantly. My weight distressed my mother and she took me to a doctor who put me on Dexedrine diet pills when I was ten years old, Radner was close to her father, who operated Detroits Seville Hotel, where many nightclub performers and actors stayed while performing in the city. He took her on trips to New York to see Broadway shows, as Radner wrote in Its Always Something, when she was 12, her father developed a brain tumor, and the symptoms began so suddenly that he told people his eyeglasses were too tight. Within days, he was bedridden and unable to communicate, Radner graduated from Liggett and enrolled at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1964. While at the university, she made a lifelong friend of fellow student David Saltman. Saltman and his girlfriend took Radner along on a trip to Paris in the summer of 1966, according to Saltman, he was so affectionate with his girlfriend that they left Radner to fend for herself during much of their sightseeing. Radner was nervous and upset about gaining weight from the French cuisine, twenty years later, when details of Radners eating disorder were reported in a bestselling book about Saturday Night Live by Doug Hill and Jeff Weingrad, Saltman had a strong emotional reaction. He realized that in 1966 she had been unable to discuss with anyone her eating disorder, afterward, Radner joined The Second City comedy troupe in Toronto. Radner was a player on the National Lampoon Radio Hour. Fellow cast members included John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Richard Belzer, Bill Murray, Brian Doyle-Murray, Radner gained name recognition as one of the original Not Ready for Prime Time Players, the freshman group on the first season of Saturday Night Live. She was the first performer cast for the show, co-wrote much of the material that she performed, between 1975 and 1980, she created characters such as obnoxious personal advice expert Roseanne Roseannadanna and Baba Wawa, a parody of Barbara Walters
Gilda Radner
–
Radner with her husband,
Gene Wilder, in the film Haunted Honeymoon, 1986
Gilda Radner
–
in Live from New York (1980)
Gilda Radner
–
Radner's star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Gilda Radner
–
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center hosts the Gilda Radner Ovarian Detection Center
23.
Dan Aykroyd
–
Daniel Edward Dan Aykroyd is a Canadian-American actor, comedian, producer, screenwriter, musician and businessman. He was an member of the Not Ready for Prime Time Players on Saturday Night Live. A musical sketch he performed with John Belushi on SNL, The Blues Brothers, turned into a performing band and then a highly successful 1980 film. He conceived and starred in Ghostbusters, which spawned a sequel, in 1990, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his work in the 1989 film Driving Miss Daisy. He starred in his own sitcom, Soul Man, from 1997–98, Aykroyd is also a successful businessman, having co-founded the House of Blues chain of music venues and the Crystal Head Vodka brand. Aykroyd was born on Canada Day,1952 at Ottawa General Hospital in Ottawa, Ontario and he grew up in Ottawa, Canadas capital, where his father, Samuel Cuthbert Peter Hugh Aykroyd, a civil engineer, worked as a policy adviser to Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. His mother, Lorraine Hélène, was a secretary and his mother was of French Canadian descent and his father of English, Irish, Scottish, Dutch and French ancestry. His brother, Peter, is also an actor, Aykroyd was born with syndactyly, or webbed toes, which was revealed in the film Mr. Mikes Mondo Video and in a short film on Saturday Night Live titled Dont Look Back In Anger. Aykroyd was raised in the Catholic Church, and until age 17 he intended to become a priest and he attended St. Pius X and St. Patricks high schools, and studied criminology and sociology at Carleton University, but dropped out before completing his degree. He worked as a comedian in various Canadian nightclubs and ran a speakeasy, Club 505. Aykroyd developed his career in Ottawa, particularly through his regular attendances at Le Hibou. He describes these influences as follows. there was a disco club there called Le Hibou. I was going to Le Hibou and hearing James Cotton, Otis Spann, Pinetop Perkins, I actually jammed behind Muddy Waters. S. P. Leary left the drum kit one night, and I walked on stage and we started, I dont know, Little Red Rooster, something. He said keep that going, you make Muddy feel good. Many, many times I saw Howlin Wolf, and of course Buddy Guy, Buddy Guy and Junior Wells, Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee. So I was exposed to all of these players, playing there as part of scene to service the academic community in Ottawa. He was a member of the Second City comedy troupe in 1973 in both Toronto and Chicago, Aykroyd gained fame on the American late-night comedy show Saturday Night Live
Dan Aykroyd
–
Aykroyd in February 2009
Dan Aykroyd
–
Aykroyd (right) on the set of
The Great Outdoors, 1987
Dan Aykroyd
–
Aykroyd in
Santa Monica, California for a documentary about Ghostbusters
Dan Aykroyd
–
Aykroyd's star on
Canada's Walk of Fame
24.
Bill Murray
–
William James Bill Murray is an American actor, comedian, and writer. Murray received the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor in 2016, Murray was born on September 21,1950 in Evanston, Illinois, and was raised in Wilmette, Illinois, a northern suburb of Chicago. He is the son of Lucille, a room clerk, and Edward Joseph Murray II. Murray and his eight siblings were raised in a Roman Catholic Irish-American family, three of his siblings, John Murray, Joel Murray, and Brian Doyle-Murray, are also actors. A sister, Nancy, is an Adrian Dominican nun in Michigan and their father died in 1967 at the age of 46 from complications of diabetes when Bill was 17 years old. As a youth, Murray read childrens biographies of American heroes like Kit Carson, Wild Bill Hickok and he attended St. Josephs grade school and Loyola Academy. During his teen years, he worked as a golf caddy to fund his education at the Jesuit high school, one of his sisters had polio and his mother suffered several miscarriages. During his teen years he was the singer of a rock band called the Dutch Masters and took part in high school. After graduating, Murray attended Regis University in Denver, Colorado and he quickly dropped out, returning to Illinois. Decades later, in 2007, Regis awarded him an honorary Doctor of Humanities degree, on September 21,1970, his 20th birthday, the police arrested Murray at Chicagos OHare Airport for trying to smuggle 10 lb of cannabis, which he had allegedly intended to sell. The drugs were discovered when Murray joked to the next to him that he was smuggling. Murray was convicted and sentenced to probation, with an invitation from his older brother, Brian, Murray got his start at The Second City in Chicago, an improvisational comedy troupe, studying under Del Close. In 1974, he moved to New York City and was recruited by John Belushi as a player on The National Lampoon Radio Hour. In 1975, an Off-Broadway version of a Lampoon show led to his first television role as a cast member of the ABC variety show Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell and that same season, another variety show titled NBCs Saturday Night premiered. Cosells show lasted just one season, canceled in early 1976, after working in Los Angeles with the guerrilla video commune TVTV on several projects, Murray rose to prominence in 1976. He officially joined the cast of NBCs Saturday Night Live for the second season, following the departure of Chevy Chase. Murray was with SNL for three seasons from 1977 to 1980. S, during the first few seasons of SNL, Murray was in a romantic relationship with fellow cast member Gilda Radner. Murray landed his first starring role with the film Meatballs in 1979 and he followed this up with his portrayal of Hunter S. Thompson in 1980s Where the Buffalo Roam
Bill Murray
–
Murray at the 2015
San Diego Comic-Con International
Bill Murray
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Murray at the
2010 Toronto International Film Festival
Bill Murray
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Murray in 2014
Bill Murray
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Eric Clapton and Murray kicking off the Crossroads Guitar Festival in 2007
25.
Dominican Republic
–
The Dominican Republic is a sovereign state occupying the eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western one-third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, christopher Columbus landed on the Western part of Hispaniola, in what is now Haiti, on December 6,1492. The island became the first seat of the Spanish colonial rule in the New World, the Dominican people declared independence in November 1821 but were forcefully annexed by their more powerful neighbor Haiti in February 1822. After the 1844 victory in the Dominican War of Independence against Haitian rule the country again under Spanish colonial rule until the Dominican War of Restoration of 1865. The Dominican Republic experienced mostly internal strife until 1916, a civil war in 1965, the countrys last, was ended by another U. S. military occupation and was followed by the authoritarian rule of Joaquín Balaguer, 1966–1978. Since then, the Dominican Republic has moved toward representative democracy and has been led by Leonel Fernández for most of the time since 1996. Danilo Medina, the Dominican Republics current president, succeeded Fernandez in 2012, the Dominican Republic has the ninth-largest economy in Latin America and is the largest economy in the Caribbean and Central American region. Though long known for agriculture and mining, the economy is now dominated by services. Over the last two decades, the Dominican Republic have been standing out as one of the economies in the Americas – with an average real GDP growth rate of 5. 4% between 1992 and 2014. GDP growth in 2014 and 2015 reached 7.3 and 7. 0%, respectively, in the first half of 2016 the Dominican economy grew 7. 4% continuing its trend of rapid economic growth. Recent growth has been driven by construction, manufacturing and tourism, private consumption has been strong, as a result of low inflation, job creation, as well as high level of remittances. The Dominican Republic has a market, Bolsa de Valores de la Republica Dominicana. and advanced telecommunication system. Nevertheless, unemployment, government corruption, and inconsistent electric service remain major Dominican problems, the country also has marked income inequality. International migration affects the Dominican Republic greatly, as it receives, mass illegal Haitian immigration and the integration of Dominicans of Haitian descent are major issues. A large Dominican diaspora exists, mostly in the United States, contributes to development, the Dominican Republic is the most visited destination in the Caribbean. The year-round golf courses are major attractions, the island has an average temperature of 26 °C and great climatic and biological diversity. The country is also the site of the first cathedral, castle, monastery, and fortress built in all of the Americas, located in Santo Domingos Colonial Zone, a World Heritage Site. Music and sport are of importance in the Dominican culture, with Merengue and Bachata as the national dance and music
Dominican Republic
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The Pomier Caves are a series of 55 caves located north of San Cristobal in the Dominican Republic. They contain the largest collection of 2,000-year-old rock art in the Caribbean.
Dominican Republic
–
Flag
Dominican Republic
–
The
Alcázar of Colón, located in Santo Domingo, is the oldest
Viceregal residence in all of the Americas.
Dominican Republic
–
Jean-Pierre Boyer the mulatto ruler of Haiti.
26.
Laraine Newman
–
Laraine Newman is an American comedian, actress, voice artist, and writer who was part of the original cast of NBCs Saturday Night Live. Newman was born on March 2,1952, in Los Angeles, California and she is the youngest of four children and a twin. Her sister, Tracy Newman, is an Emmy Award-winning television writer, Newman attended Beverly Hills High School in Beverly Hills, California. Newman married actor-writer-director Chad Einbinder in 1991 and they have two daughters, Lena and Hannah. Newman took her first Improvisational theatre classes when she was 15, after finishing high school she auditioned for four acting schools in England including Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art and Bristol Old Vic. She was not accepted after the round of auditions for all four schools. She was a member of The Groundlings and is best known for being an original cast member on NBCs Saturday Night Live. During her five years on SNL she became a friend of co-star Gilda Radner. However, by her own account, she was unhappy for much of her time with the show—she disliked living in New York and she sang in the Chevys Girls sketch in episode 2 of season 2 alongside Gilda Radner and Jane Curtin. Newmans post-SNL film career has been in leading and supporting roles, as well as a voice artist on television and features. Among these were Perfect, American Hot Wax, Wholly Moses, Problem Child 2 and she also had a small role in Woody Allens Stardust Memories and in the 1993 film Coneheads. In 1986 she starred in the syndicated B-movie comedy series, The Canned Film Festival, wayside, Danny Phantom, CatDog, Sonic the Hedgehog, As Told By Ginger, Rugrats, 7th Heaven, The Flintstones, Avatar, The Last Airbender and Metalocalypse. Most recently she appeared in episodes of Entourage and Brothers & Sisters, provided work for WALL-E, Battle for Terra, Ponyo, Jungle Junction, Cars. Barnyard, Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, Happily NEver After, jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius, Dr. Seuss The Lorax, and Wreck-It Ralph. She made guest voice appearances in SpongeBob SquarePants and Doc McStuffins and she also voices Queen Jipjorrulac, the mother of Mark Chang, in The Fairly OddParents. She voiced the Wicked Witch of the West in Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz, Newman also works as a writer and editor. She is an editor for the online magazine One For The Table. She has contributed articles for the Los Angeles Times, The Believer and she wrote the foreword to the book version of the UCB Production Worst Laid Plans
Laraine Newman
–
Newman at the
San Diego Comic-Con in 2011.
27.
60 Minutes
–
60 Minutes is an American newsmagazine television program broadcast on the CBS television network. Debuting in 1968, the program was created by Don Hewitt, in 2002,60 Minutes was ranked #6 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time and in 2013, it was ranked #24 on TV Guides 60 Best Series of All Time. The New York Times has called it one of the most esteemed news magazines on American television, the program employed a magazine format, similar to that of the Canadian program W5, which had premiered two years earlier. Similar programs sprang up in Australia and Canada during the 1970s, Wallace said that the show aimed to reflect reality. The first magazine-cover chroma key was a photo of two helmeted policemen, Wallace and Reasoner sat in chairs on opposite sides of the set, which had a cream-colored backdrop, the more famous black backdrop did not appear until the following year. The logo was in Helvetica type with the word Minutes spelled in all lower-case letters, the trademark stopwatch, however, did not appear on the inaugural broadcast, it would not debut until several episodes later. Alpo dog food was the sponsor of the first program. Don Hewitt, who had been a producer of the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite, however, the initial season was troubled by lack of network confidence, as the program did not garner ratings much higher than that of other CBS News documentaries. 60 Minutes struggled under that stigma during its first three years, changes to 60 Minutes came fairly early in the programs history. When Reasoner left CBS to co-anchor ABCs evening newscast, Morley Safer joined the team in 1970, and he took over Reasoners duties of reporting less aggressive stories. After a six-month hiatus in late 1971, CBS found a place for 60 Minutes in a portion of that displaced time,6,00 to 7,00 p. m. (Eastern,5,00 to 6,00 Central Time on Sundays. This took place because football telecasts were protected contractually from interruptions in the wake of the infamous Heidi Bowl incident on NBC in November 1968. When a family-oriented drama, Three for the Road, ended after a 12-week run in the fall, the newsmagazine took its place at 7,00 p. m. Eastern Time on December 7. S. This move, and the addition of then-White House correspondent Dan Rather to the team, made the program into a strong ratings hit and, eventually. This was no less than a stunning reversal of the poor ratings performances of documentary programs on network television. By 1976,60 Minutes became the program on Sunday nights in the U. S. By 1979, it had achieved the #1 spot among all programs in the Nielsen ratings. This success translated into great profits for CBS, advertising rates went from $17,000 per 30-second spot in 1975 to $175,000 in 1982
60 Minutes
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Opening sequence (2006–present)
60 Minutes
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Since 1968, the opening of 60 Minutes features a stopwatch. The Aristo (Heuer) design first appeared in 1978. On October 29, 2006, the background changed to red, the title text color changed to white, and the stopwatch was shifted to the upright position. This version was used from 1992 to 2006 (the
Eurostile font text was changed in 1998).
60 Minutes
–
Air Force Chief of Staff Gen.
Norton A. Schwartz in an interview with
Lara Logan, April 15, 2009.
28.
Right-wing politics
–
Hierarchy and inequality may be viewed as natural results of traditional social differences or the competition in market economies. The term right-wing can generally refer to the conservative or reactionary section of a party or system. The original Right in France was formed as a reaction against the Left, and comprised those politicians supporting hierarchy, tradition, the use of the expression la droite became prominent in France after the restoration of the monarchy in 1815, when it was applied to the Ultra-royalists. The people of English-speaking countries did not apply the terms right, from the 1830s to the 1880s, there was a shift in the Western world of social class structure and the economy, moving away from nobility and aristocracy towards capitalism. This general economic shift toward capitalism affected centre right movements such as the British Conservative Party, in the United States, the Right includes both economic and social conservatives. The nobility, members of the Second Estate, generally sat to the right, in the successive legislative assemblies, monarchists who supported the Ancien Régime were commonly referred to as rightists because they sat on the right side. A major figure on the right was Joseph de Maistre, who argued for a form of conservatism. Throughout the 19th century, the line dividing Left and Right in France was between supporters of the republic and supporters of the monarchy. In British politics, the right and left came into common use for the first time in the late 1930s in debates over the Spanish Civil War. The meaning of right-wing varies across societies, historical epochs, and political systems, according to The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics, in liberal democracies, the political Right opposes socialism and social democracy. Right-wing parties include conservatives, Christian democrats, classical liberals, nationalists and, on the far Right, Roger Eatwell and Neal OSullivan divide the Right into five types, reactionary, moderate, radical, extreme, and new. Chip Berlet argues that each of these styles of thought are responses to the left, including liberalism and socialism, the reactionary right looks toward the past and is aristocratic, religious and authoritarian. Often the moderate right promotes nationalism and social welfare policies, radical right is a term developed after World War II to describe groups and ideologies such as McCarthyism, the John Birch Society, Thatcherism, and the Republikaner Party. Eatwell stresses that use has major typological problems and that the term has also been applied to clearly democratic developments. The radical right includes right-wing populism and various other subtypes, Eatwell argues that the extreme right has four traits, 1) anti-democracy, 2) nationalism, 3) racism, and 4) the strong state. The New Right consists of the conservatives, who stress small government, free markets. Other authors make a distinction between the centre-right and the far right, parties of the centre-right generally support liberal democracy, capitalism, the market economy, private property rights, and a limited welfare state. They support conservatism and economic liberalism, and oppose socialism and communism, typical examples of leaders to whom the far right label is often applied are Francisco Franco in Spain and Augusto Pinochet in Chile
Right-wing politics
–
5 May 1789: Opening of the Estates-General in Versailles in 1789; the conservatives sat on the right
29.
Liberal politics
–
Liberalism is a political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of liberty and equality. Liberalism first became a political movement during the Age of Enlightenment. Liberalism rejected the social and political norms of hereditary privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy. The 17th-century philosopher John Locke is often credited with founding liberalism as a philosophical tradition. Locke argued that man has a natural right to life, liberty and property. Liberals opposed traditional conservatism and sought to replace absolutism in government with representative democracy, prominent revolutionaries in the Glorious Revolution, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution used liberal philosophy to justify the armed overthrow of what they saw as tyrannical rule. Liberalism started to spread rapidly especially after the French Revolution, the 19th century saw liberal governments established in nations across Europe, South America, and North America. During the 20th century, liberal ideas spread even further as liberal democracies found themselves on the side in both world wars. In Europe and North America, the establishment of social liberalism became a key component in the expansion of the welfare state, today, liberal parties continue to wield power and influence throughout the world. Words such as liberal, liberty, libertarian, and libertine all trace their history to the Latin liber, which means free. One of the first recorded instances of the word occurs in 1375. The words early connection with the education of a medieval university soon gave way to a proliferation of different denotations and connotations. In 16th century England, liberal could have positive or negative attributes in referring to someones generosity or indiscretion, in Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare wrote of a liberal villaine who hath. confest his vile encounters. With the rise of the Enlightenment, the word acquired decisively more positive undertones, being defined as free from narrow prejudice in 1781, in 1815, the first use of the word liberalism appeared in English. In Spain, the Liberales, the first group to use the label in a political context. From 1820 to 1823, during the Trienio Liberal, King Ferdinand VII was compelled by the liberales to swear to uphold the Constitution, by the middle of the 19th century, liberal was used as a politicised term for parties and movements worldwide. Over time, the meaning of the word began to diverge in different parts of the world. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, In the United States, liberalism is associated with the policies of the New Deal programme of the Democratic administration of Pres
Liberal politics
–
The
Agreement of the People (1647) was a manifesto for political change, proposed by the
Levellers during the
English Civil War. It called for
freedom of religion, frequent convening of
Parliament and equality under the law.
Liberal politics
–
John Locke was the first to develop a liberal philosophy, including the right to
private property and the
consent of the governed.
Liberal politics
–
The
Bill of Rights was a landmark piece of liberal legislation.
Liberal politics
–
The
Philadelphia Convention in 1787 adopted the
United States Constitution, which is still in effect.
30.
The Chronicle of Higher Education
–
The Chronicle of Higher Education is a newspaper and website that presents news, information, and jobs for college and university faculty and Student Affairs professionals. A subscription is required to some articles. The Chronicle, based in Washington, D. C. is a news service in United States academic affairs. It is published every weekday online and appears weekly in print except for every week in June, July, and August. In print, The Chronicle is published in two sections, section A with news and job listings, and section B, The Chronicle Review, Corbin Gwaltney was the founder and had been the editor of the alumni magazine of the Johns Hopkins University since 1949. In 1957, he joined in with editors from magazines of other colleges and universities for an editorial project to investigate issues in higher education in perspective. The meeting occurred on the day the first Sputnik circled the Earth, October 4,1957, the college magazine editors promised 60 percent of one issue of their magazine to finance the supplement. The first Moonshooter Report was 32 pages long and titled American Higher Education,1958 and they sold 1.35 million copies to 15 colleges and universities. By the projects third year, circulation was over three million for the supplement and he realized that higher education would benefit from a news publication. He and other members of EPE met to plan a new publication which would be called The Chronicle of Higher Education. The Chronicle of Higher Education was officially founded in 1966 by Corbin Gwaltney. originally, it didnt accept any advertising and didnt have any staff-written editorial opinions. It was supported by grants from the Carnegie Foundation and the Ford Foundation, later on in its history, advertising would be accepted, especially for jobs in higher education, and this would allow the newspaper to be financially independent. By the 1970s, the Chronicle was attracting enough advertising to become self-sufficient, EPE sold the Chronicle to the editors for $2,000,000 in cash and $500,000 in services that Chronicle would provide to EPE. Chronicle went from a legal status to a for-profit company. This sale shifted the focus of non-profit EPE to K-12 education, inspired by the model established by the Chronicle, and with the support of the Carnegie Corporation and other philanthropies, EPE founded Education Week in September 1981. In 1993, the Chronicle was one of the first newspapers to appear on the Internet and it released an iPad version in 2011. The Chronicle grossed $33 million in advertising revenues and $7 million in revenues in 2003. Over the years, the paper has been a finalist and winner of journalism awards
The Chronicle of Higher Education
–
September 18, 2009 front page of The Chronicle
