1.
Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (film)
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Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing is a 1955 Deluxe color American drama-romance film in CinemaScope. The movie was adapted by John Patrick from the 1952 autobiographical novel A Many-Splendoured Thing by Han Suyin, the film was directed by Henry King. The movie later inspired a television soap opera in 1967, though without the hyphen in the shows title, a widowed Eurasian doctor Han Suyin falls in love with a married-but-separated American correspondent Mark Elliott in Hong Kong, during the period of Chinas Civil War in the late 1940s. Although they briefly find happiness together, she is ostracized by the greater Chinese community, after losing her position at the hospital, Suyin and her adopted daughter go to live with a friend while Mark is on an assignment during the Korean War. They write to each other constantly and she receives word Mark was killed and she runs to visit their favorite hilltop meeting place. William Holden as Mark Elliott Jennifer Jones as Dr. Han Suyin Torin Thatcher as Humphrey Palmer-Jones Isobel Elsom as Adeline Palmer-Jones Murray Matheson as Dr. Siegel, however, when he left the company the project was given to Buddy Adler. Parts of the film were shot on location in Hong Kong, two weeks of location filming in Hong Kong had been completed before the final screenplay had been finished by screenwriter John Patrick. He then had to adapt the screenplay to include as many of the shots as possible, despite the films romantic subject and their chemistry on the screen, Holden and Jones could barely stand each other on set. Holden was turned off by Jones obsessive involvement with her character and complaints about her makeup, about her costumes, soon they were barely speaking to one another. According to Holdens biography, Jones was also rude and abrasive to everyone involved in the production. Their relationship was not helped by Jones worries about Holdens reputation as a womanizer. Holden claimed she chewed garlic before her scenes, which she may have done to discourage him. Once, Holden tried to make peace, offering Jones a bouquet of white roses, the film was completed on time, within the planned three months schedule. The building of the Foreign Correspondents Club, was the former Mok Residence until 1951 when it became the Foreign Correspondents Club then located at 41A Conduit Road, is portrayed as a hospital, the building is now demolished and Realty Gardens apartment complex has occupied the site since 1970. The former colonial-style Repulse Bay Hotel, demolished in 1982, the Tai Pak Floating Restaurant, now part of the Jumbo Kingdom. The famous hill-top meeting place where the used to meet was located in rural California. Upon its initial release it made US$4 million in the United States of America, variety characterized it as beautiful, absorbing. The music was commissioned from Sammy Fain and Paul Francis Webster as background music
2.
Tulsa, Oklahoma
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Tulsa /ˈtʌlsə/ is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 47th-most populous city in the United States. As of July 2015, the population was 403,505 and it is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, a region with 981,005 residents in the MSA and 1,151,172 in the CSA. The city serves as the county seat of Tulsa County, the most densely populated county in Oklahoma, with urban development extending into Osage, Rogers, Tulsa was settled between 1828 and 1836 by the Lochapoka Band of Creek Native American tribe. For most of the 20th century, the city held the nickname Oil Capital of the World, once heavily dependent on the oil industry, Tulsa experienced economic downturn. Subsequent diversification efforts created a base in the energy, finance, aviation, telecommunications. The Tulsa Port of Catoosa, at the head of the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, is the most inland port in the U. S. with access to international waterways. Two institutions of education within the city have sports teams at the NCAA Division I level, Oral Roberts University. It is situated on the Arkansas River at the foothills of the Ozark Mountains in northeast Oklahoma, the city has been called one of Americas most livable large cities by Partners for Livable Communities, Forbes, and Relocate America. FDi Magazine in 2009 ranked the city no.8 in the U. S. for cities of the future, in 2012, Tulsa was ranked among the top 50 best cities in the United States by BusinessWeek. People from Tulsa are called Tulsans, the area where Tulsa now exists was considered Indian Territory when it was first formally settled by the Lochapoka and Creek tribes in 1836. They established a settlement under the Creek Council Oak Tree at the present day intersection of Cheyenne Avenue. This area and this tree reminded Chief Tukabahchi and his group of trail of tear survivors of the bend in the river and their previous Creek Council Oak Tree back in the Talisi. They named their new settlement Tallasi, meaning old town in the Creek language, the area around Tulsa was also settled by members of the other so-called Five Civilized Tribes who had relocated to Oklahoma from the Southern United States. Most of modern Tulsa is located in the Creek Nation, with parts located in the Cherokee Nation, although Oklahoma was not yet a state during the Civil War, the Tulsa area did see its share of fighting. The Battle of Chusto-Talasah took place on the side of Tulsa. After the War, the tribes signed Reconstruction treaties with the government that in some cases required substantial land concessions. On January 18,1898, Tulsa was officially incorporated and elected its first mayor, Tulsa was a small town near the banks of the Arkansas River in 1901 when its first oil well, named Sue Bland No. Much of the oil was discovered on land whose mineral rights were owned by members of the Osage Nation under a system of headrights
3.
Malibu, California
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Malibu is a beach city in Los Angeles County, California, situated 30 miles west of Downtown Los Angeles. Known for its Mediterranean climate, a 21-mile strip of the Malibu coast incorporated in 1991 into the City of Malibu, the area is known for being the home of Hollywood movie stars, people in the entertainment industry, and other affluent residents. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 12,645, signs around the city proclaim 27 miles of scenic beauty, referring to the historical 27-mile Malibu coast spanning from Tuna Canyon west to Point Mugu in Ventura County. Most Malibu residents live within a few hundred yards of Pacific Coast Highway, for many residents of the unincorporated canyon areas, Malibu has the closest commercial centers and are included in the Malibu zip codes. The city is bounded by Topanga to the east, the Santa Monica Mountains to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the south. Nicknamed the Bu by surfers and locals, beaches along the Malibu coast include Surfrider Beach, Zuma Beach, Malibu Beach, Topanga Beach, Point Dume Beach, County Line and they named it Humaliwo or the surf sounds loudly. The citys name derives from this, as the Hu syllable is not stressed, explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo is believed to have moored at Malibu Lagoon, at the mouth of Malibu Creek, to obtain fresh water in 1542. The Spanish presence returned with the California mission system, and the area was part of Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit—a 13 and that ranch passed intact to Frederick Hastings Rindge in 1891. Few roads even entered the area before 1929, when the state won another court case, by then May Rindge was forced to subdivide her property and begin selling and leasing lots. In 1926, in an effort to selling land to stave off insolvency. At its height, Malibu Potteries employed over 100 workers, and produced decorative tiles which furnish many Los Angeles-area public buildings, the factory, located one-half mile east of the pier, was ravaged by a fire in 1931. Although the factory reopened in 1932, it could not recover from the effects of the Great Depression. A distinct hybrid of Moorish and Arts and crafts designs, Malibu tile is considered highly collectible. Fine examples of the tiles may be seen at the Adamson House and Serra Retreat, the unfinished building was sold to the Franciscan Order in 1942 and is operated as a retreat facility, Serra Retreat. It burned in the 1970 fire and was using many of the original tiles. Most of the Big Rock Drive area was purchased in 1936 by William Randolph Hearst and he sold the lower half of his holdings there in 1944 to Art Jones. Jones was one of the prominent early realtors in Malibu, starting with the leases of Rindge land in Malibu Colony. He was also the owner/part-owner of the Malibu Inn, Malibu Trading Post, mcAnany Way is named after him
4.
Northwestern University
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Composed of twelve schools and colleges, Northwestern offers 124 undergraduate degrees and 145 graduate and professional degrees. Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans, for whom the City of Evanston is named and its founding purpose was to serve the Northwest Territory, an area that today includes the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota. Instruction began in 1855, women were admitted in 1869, today, the main campus is a 240-acre parcel in Evanston, along the shores of Lake Michigan 12 miles north of downtown Chicago. The universitys law, medical, and professional schools are located on a 25-acre campus in Chicagos Streeterville neighborhood, in 2008, the university opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar with programs in journalism and communication. In 2016, Northwestern opened its San Francisco space at 44 Montgomery St. which hosts journalism, engineering, Northwestern is a large research university with a comprehensive doctoral program and it attracts over $650 million in sponsored research each year. Northwestern has the tenth largest university endowment in the United States, in 2017, the university accepted 9. 0% of undergraduate applicants from a pool of 37,255. Northwestern is a member of the Big Ten Conference and remains the only private university in the conference. The Northwestern Wildcats compete in 19 intercollegiate sports in the NCAAs Division I Big Ten Conference, on January 28,1851, the Illinois General Assembly granted a charter to the Trustees of the North-Western University, making it the first chartered university in Illinois. The schools nine founders, all of whom were Methodists, knelt in prayer, John Evans, for whom Evanston is named, bought 379 acres of land along Lake Michigan in 1853, and Philo Judson developed plans for what would become the city of Evanston, Illinois. The first building, Old College, opened on November 5,1855, to raise funds for its construction, Northwestern sold $100 perpetual scholarships entitling the purchaser and his heirs to free tuition. Willard Residential College is named in her honor, Northwestern admitted its first women students in 1869, and the first woman was graduated in 1874. Northwestern fielded its first intercollegiate football team in 1882, later becoming a member of the Big Ten Conference. In the 1870s and 1880s, Northwestern affiliated itself with already existing schools of law, medicine, Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law is the oldest law school in Chicago. The Association of American Universities invited Northwestern to become a member in 1917, in 1933, a proposal to merge Northwestern with the University of Chicago was considered but rejected. Northwestern was also one of the first six universities in the country to establish a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps in the 1920s, after the golden years of the 1920s, the Great Depression in the United States hit Northwestern hard. Its annual income dropped 25 percent from $4.8 million in 1930-31 to $3.6 million in 1933-34. Investment income shrank, fewer parents could pay full tuition, and annual giving from alumni, the university responded with two salary cuts of 10 percent each for all employees. It imposed a freeze, a building freeze, and slashed appropriations for maintenance, books
5.
American Academy of Dramatic Arts
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The American Academy of Dramatic Arts is a two-year performing arts conservatory with bi-coastal facilities at 120 Madison Avenue, Manhattan, and at 1336 North La Brea Avenue, Los Angeles. The oldest acting school in the English speaking world, the Academy in New York City was founded in 1884 to train actors for the stage and its first home was the original Lyceum Theatre on what is now Park Avenue South. In 1963, the moved to its current home, a landmark building designed by noted architect Stanford White as the original Colony Club. In 1974, the Academy opened another campus in Pasadena, California, the Los Angeles campus moved from Pasadena to Hollywood in 2001 in a new building next to the site of the former studios of Charlie Chaplin. The Academy remains dedicated to training professional actors and it offers a two-year program in which students have to be invited back for the second year. Auditions are held at the end of the year for the third year company. Students who graduate in New York receive an Associate of Occupational Studies degree, students from New York and Los Angeles can get a Bachelor of Arts degree from selected universities. Numerous students of the Academy have gone on to distinguished careers throughout the entertainment industry, receiving nominations for Tonys, Oscars, from their Web site, The Academy has many teachers and faculty who have many professional connections and credits. Notable faculty includes, David Dean Bottrell, Karen Hensel, Sandy Martin, Ian Ogilvy, notes American Academy of Dramatic Arts Home Page
6.
Robert Walker (actor, born 1918)
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Robert Hudson Walker was an American actor, best known for his starring role in Alfred Hitchcocks 1951 thriller Strangers on a Train, which was released shortly before his death. He started in youthful boy-next-door roles, often as a World War II soldier, One of these roles was opposite his first wife, Jennifer Jones, in Since You Went Away. He also played Jerome Kern in Till the Clouds Roll By, twice divorced by 30, he suffered from alcoholism and mental illness, which were exacerbated by his painful separation and divorce from Jones. Walker was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, the youngest of four sons of Zella and he was of English and Scottish descent. Walker lived in her home during his first year in the city, while attending the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, Walker met fellow aspiring actress Phylis Isley, who later took the stage name Jennifer Jones. After a brief courtship, the couple were married in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Walker found work in radio while Phylis stayed home and gave birth to two sons in quick succession - actor Robert Walker, Jr. and Michael Walker. Walker co-starred in the weekly show Maudies Diary from August 1941 to September 1942, Phylis then returned to auditioning where her luck changed when she was discovered in 1941 by producer David O. Selznick, who changed her name to Jennifer Jones and groomed her for stardom. The couple returned to Hollywood, and Selznicks connections helped Walker secure a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and he also appeared in Selznicks Since You Went Away in which he and his wife portrayed doomed young lovers during World War II. By that time, Jones affair with Selznick was common knowledge, the filming of their love scenes was torturous as Selznick insisted that Walker perform take after take of each love scene with Jones. She filed for divorce in April 1945 and that same year, Walker starred as a GI preparing for overseas deployment in The Clock, with Judy Garland playing his love interest in her first straight dramatic film. In 1946, Walker starred in the musical Till the Clouds Roll By and he starred as another composer, Johannes Brahms, in Song of Love, which co-starred Katharine Hepburn and Paul Henreid. In 1948 Walker starred with Ava Gardner in the film One Touch of Venus, the film was a non-musical comedy adapted from a Broadway show with music by Kurt Weill. He married Barbara Ford, the daughter of director John Ford, in July 1948 and he spent time at the Menninger Clinic in 1949 where he was treated for a psychiatric disorder. Following his discharge, he was cast by director Alfred Hitchcock in Strangers on a Train, in his final film, he played the title role of Leo McCareys My Son John, made at the height of the Red Scare. Despite the films anti-Communist themes, Walker was allegedly neither liberal nor conservative and took the job to work with McCarey, Walker died before production finished, and so angles from his death scene in Strangers were spliced into a similar melodramatic death scene near the end of the film. On the night of August 28,1951, Walkers housekeeper allegedly found the actor in an emotional state and she called Walkers psychiatrist who arrived and administered amobarbital for sedation. Walker had allegedly been drinking prior to the outburst, and it is believed the combination of amobarbital and alcohol caused him to lose consciousness, Henaghan stated that he stopped by Walkers house, where they played cards, and Walker was behaving normally. Walkers psychiatrist arrived and insisted that he receive an injection, when Walker refused, Henaghan held him down in order for the physician to administer it
7.
David O. Selznick
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David O. Selznick was an American film producer, screenwriter and film studio executive. He is best known for producing Gone with the Wind and Rebecca, David Selznick was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of Florence Anna and silent movie producer and distributor Lewis J. Selznick. His parents were Ukrainian Jewish immigrants and he had four siblings and his dad was born in Kyiv in 1870. Selznick added the O to distinguish himself from an uncle with the same name and he studied at Columbia University in New York City and worked as an apprentice for his father until the elders bankruptcy in 1923. In 1926, Selznick moved to Hollywood, and with the help of his fathers connections and he left MGM for Paramount Pictures in 1928, where he worked until 1931, when he joined RKO as Head of Production. David Selznicks years at RKO were fruitful, and he worked on films, including A Bill of Divorcement. Rockabye, Bird of Paradise, Our Betters, and King Kong, while at RKO, he also gave George Cukor his directing break. In 1933 he returned to MGM where his father-in-law, Louis B, mayer established a second prestige production unit for David, parallel to that of powerful Irving Thalberg, who was in poor health. Selznicks unit output included the all star cast movie Dinner at Eight, David Copperfield, Anna Karenina, despite his output of successful movies at MGM, Paramount Pictures, and RKO Pictures, Selznick longed to be an independent producer with his own studio. In 1935 he realized that goal by leasing RKO Culver City Studios & back lot, formed Selznick International Pictures, Gone with the Wind won eight Oscars and two special awards. Selznick also won the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award that same year, in 1940 he produced his second Best Picture Oscar winner in a row, Rebecca, the first Hollywood production for British director Alfred Hitchcock. Selznick had brought Hitchcock over from England, launching the directors American career, Rebecca was Hitchcocks only film to win Best Picture. After Rebecca, Selznick closed Selznick International Pictures and took time off. His business activities included the loan of his artists to other studios, including Alfred Hitchcock, Ingrid Bergman, Vivien Leigh. In 1944, he formed The Selznick Studio and returned to producing pictures with the huge success Since You Went Away and he followed that with the Hitchcock films Spellbound and The Paradine Case, as well as Portrait of Jennie, a vehicle for Jennifer Jones. He also developed projects and sold the packages to other producers. Among the movies that he developed but then sold was Hitchcocks Notorious, in 1949 he co-produced the Carol Reed picture The Third Man with Alexander Korda. Gone with the Wind overshadowed the rest of Selznicks career, later, he was convinced that he had wasted his life trying to out do it
8.
Norton Simon
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Norton Winfred Simon, was an American millionaire industrialist and philanthropist based in California. His significant art collection is housed in the Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, born into a successful Jewish family in Portland, Oregon, he attended high school in San Francisco, graduating in 1924. At his fathers insistence, in 1925 he enrolled in the University of California, Berkeley and he enjoyed early success and invested $7000 in 1927 in an orange juice bottling plant in Fullerton, California which was insolvent and renamed it Val Vita Food Products Company. He soon added other fruit and vegetables to the product lines, as one of the first of his significant corporate moves, Simon sold Val Vita to Hunts Foods in return for a controlling interest in the combined business. By 1943 he changed the name to Hunts Foods and ran it with strict cost-controls. During and after World War II, Simon focused on product visibility, uncharacteristically for a food company at the time, he acquired full page advertisements in Vogue and Life magazines with full-color photos of Hunts ketchup bottles and tomato sauce cans. His aggressive advertising ensured the companys slogan Hunt for the best was prominent and his marketing strategy worked, and by 1945 Hunt Foods became a household name and one of the largest food processing businesses on the West Coast. Hunts is now part of ConAgra Foods, Inc, many of these businesses had extensive interests outside the United States. Norton Simon Inc. was later acquired by Esmark in 1983, Beatrice was sold to ConAgra in 1990. Simon accumulated a significant private art collection included works of the Impressionists, Old Masters, modern. Scholars including the critic Clement Greenberg and the Metropolitan Museum of Art curator Theodore Rousseau studied the Duveen purchases for Simon and were able to identify numerous misattributions. Simon ended up selling much of the collection and only kept around 130 objects, primarily paintings, a handful of sculpture, a few porcelains, however, his collection holds three autograph Rembrandt paintings, considered highly important works of Rembrandt in Southern California. Simon served as a trustee of the Los Angeles County Museum of History, Science and Art, in 1972, Simon bought a tenth-century South Indian bronze Nataraja, or dancing Shiva, from New York dealer Ben Heller for $900,000. The Indian government declared that the statue had been stolen from a temple in Tamil Nadu, although Simon was quoted as saying that he had knowingly bought smuggled art he vehemently denied the quote, declaring that the work had been legally imported into the United States. In the same Los Angeles Times article, he stated, “As a collector deeply and emotionally involved in art, in exchange, the Indian government agreed that Simon could keep and display the bronze in his museum for nine years before its return. Seeking a permanent home for his collection of over 4,000 objects and he ultimately assumed control and naming rights, and in 1974 it was renamed the Norton Simon Museum. The plan was to keep most of collection in Pasadena, administered by UCLA, the Simon board, the university was to build a separate museum facility on campus for part of the collection. However, Simon withdrew his offer three months after the announcement was made, in 1969, his son Robert Simon committed suicide
9.
Robert Walker (actor, born 1940)
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Robert Hudson Walker Jr. is an American actor who was a familiar presence on TV in the 1960s and early 1970s. He became less active in later decades and he is best-remembered today for playing the title role in the Star Trek episode Charlie X. Walker was born in Queens, New York and is the elder son of actors Robert Walker and Jennifer Jones. He attended The Lawrenceville School near Princeton before beginning his acting career, Walker appeared in a 1962 episode of the classic television series Route 66. He has appeared in films and television since the early 1960s, the Blob, or--Son Of Blob in 1972. In 1982 he starred in Angkor, Cambodia Express with Nancy Kwan, Christopher George, Woody Strode, and Sorapong Chatree. In The Big Valley episode, My Son, My Son, aired on November 3,1965, Walker portrayed Evan Miles and he had a memorable role in Star Trek as Charles Charlie Evans in the episode Charlie X, which aired September 15,1966. In addition he played Billy the Kid in episode 22 of The Time Tunnel and he also portrayed Nick Baxter, an ill alien who caused the deaths of humans by touch, in the episode Panic in the television series The Invaders, which aired on April 11,1967. He played Mark Cole in the October 29,1967, episode of Bonanza titled The Gentle Ones. He also had a role in an episode of Columbo, Mind Over Mayhem, in the season of the series Combat. in the episode Ollie Joe. In later years Walker maintained a presence on TV, he guested in two episodes of Murder, She Wrote with Angela Lansbury broadcast in 1987 and 1990. His last screen performances were on the TV series L. A. Law and In the Heat of the Night and he also appeared in a TV series appearance in 1993, and a final film appearance in a small role in the 2012 film Beyond the Darkness. The Hook The Ceremony Ensign Pulver The Happening The War Wagon The Savage Seven Eve Killers Three Easy Rider Young Billy Young The Man from O. R. G. Y. Road to Salina Beware. and friend, Malibu,1965, photograph by Dennis Hopper from 2011 book of Hoppers photographs, via the The Independent
10.
Classical Hollywood cinema
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For centuries the only visual standard of narrative storytelling was the theatre. Since the first narrative films in the 1890s, filmmakers sought to capture the power, most of these filmmakers started as directors on the late 19th century stage, and likewise most film actors had roots in vaudeville or theatrical melodramas. Early film-makers largely failed to both the limitations and the freedom of the new medium. Visually, early films had adapted little from the stage. Regardless of any merit they had in the proscenium, these narrative films lost both their power and their realism on the cinematic frame, melodrama and vaudeville only emphasized the artificiality of film, and likewise stagy visuals on film appeared two-dimensional and static. Before the visual style which would become known as classical continuity, scenes were filmed in full shot and used carefully choreographed staging to portray plot, cutting was extremely limited, and mostly consisted of close-ups of writing on objects for their legibility. By the early 1910s, film-making was beginning to fulfill its artistic potential, films worldwide began to noticeably adopt visual and narrative elements which would be found in classical Hollywood cinema. In the world generally and America specifically, the influence of Griffith on film-making was unmatched, equally influential were his actors in adapting their performances to the new medium. Lillian Gish, the star of The Mothering Heart, is noted for her influence on screen performance techniques. D. W. Griffiths 1915 epic The Birth of a Nation was groundbreaking for film as a means of storytelling — a masterpiece of narrative with numerous innovative visual techniques. The film initiated so many advances in American cinema that it was rendered obsolete within a few years, though 1913 was a global landmark for film-making,1917 was primarily an American one. The era of classical Hollywood cinema is distinguished by a narrative, the narrative and visual style of classical Hollywood style would further develop after the transition to sound-film production. The primary changes in American film-making came from the industry itself. This mode of production, with its star system bankrolled by several key studios, had preceded sound by several years. By mid-1920 most of the prominent American directors and actors, who had worked independently since the early 10s, the beginning of the sound era itself is ambiguously defined. Some begin the start of the era with The Jazz Singer. Others begin the era at 1929, when the silent age had definitively ended, for instance, Cedric Gibbons and Herbert Stothart always worked on MGM films, Alfred Newman worked at Twentieth Century Fox for twenty years, Cecil B. DeMilles films were almost all made at Paramount Pictures, director Henry Kings films were made for Twentieth Century Fox
11.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, one actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels. Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category, elizabeth I of England, Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born. Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting, they are Greta Garbo, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Pickford, Deborah Kerr, Gena Rowlands, since its inception, the award has been given to 74 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars, meryl Streep, who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations, has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions, resulting in two awards. As of the 2017 ceremony, Emma Stone is the most recent winner in category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
12.
The Song of Bernadette (film)
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The Song of Bernadette is a 1943 drama film that tells the story of Bernadette Soubirous, who, from February to July 1858 in Lourdes, France, reported eighteen visions of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It was directed by Henry King, the film was adapted by George Seaton from the 1941 novel The Song of Bernadette, written by Franz Werfel. The novel was popular, spending more than a year on The New York Times Best Seller list. The story was turned into a Broadway play, which opened at the Belasco Theatre in March 1943. François Soubirous, a former miller now unemployed, is forced to take odd jobs and live at the city jail with his wife, one morning he goes to find work, and is told to take contaminated trash from the hospital and dump it in the cave at Massabielle. Her sister Marie explains that Bernadette was out sick with asthma, Peyramale encourages Bernadette to study harder. About to cross anyway, Bernadette is distracted by a strange breeze, investigating the cave, she finds a beautiful lady standing in brilliant light, holding a pearl rosary. She tells her sister and friend, who promise not to anyone else. They do tell, however, and the story soon spreads all over town, many, including Bernadettes Aunt Bernarde, are convinced of her sincerity and stand up for her against her disbelieving parents, but Bernadette faces civil and church authorities alone. Repeatedly questioned, she stands solidly behind her seemingly unbelievable story and she faces ridicule as the lady tells her to drink and wash at a spring that doesnt exist, but digs a hole in the ground and uses the wet sand and mud. The water begins to flow later and exhibits miraculous healing properties, the lady finally identifies herself as the Immaculate Conception. The grotto is closed and the Bishop of Tarbes declares that unless the Emperor orders the grotto to be opened and he says this will be a test for Bernadettes lady. Shortly thereafter, the Emperors infant son falls ill and, under instructions from the Empress, the magistrate permits her to go and to take the bottle of water with her. The Emperors son drinks the water and recovers, the Empress believes that his recovery is miraculous, but the Emperor is not sure. The Empress upbraids him for doubting God, and at her insistence, the Bishop of Tarbes then directs the commission to convene. Sister Vauzous is skeptically jealous of all the attention Bernadette has been receiving as a result of the visions and she reveals this to Bernadette, saying she is angry that God would choose Bernadette instead of her when she has spent her life in suffering in service of God. She says Bernadette has not suffered enough and wants a sign proving Bernadette really was chosen by Heaven, Bernadette is diagnosed with tuberculosis of the bone, which causes intense pain, yet she has never complained or so much as mentioned it. The jealous Sister Vauzous, realizing her error and Bernadettes saintliness, begs for forgiveness in the chapel, knowing she is dying, Bernadette sends for Abbé Peyramale and tells him of her feelings of unworthiness and her concern that she will never see the lady again
13.
Midwest
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It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984. Illinois is the most populous of the states and North Dakota the least, a 2012 report from the United States Census put the population of the Midwest at 65,377,684. The Midwest is divided by the Census Bureau into two divisions, the East North Central Division includes Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin, all of which are also part of the Great Lakes region. Major rivers in the include, from east to west, the Ohio River, the Upper Mississippi River. Chicago is the most populated city in the American Midwest and the third most populous in the entire country, other large Midwest cities include, Indianapolis, Columbus, Detroit, Milwaukee, Kansas City, Omaha, Minneapolis, Cleveland, Wichita and St. Louis. Chicago and its suburbs form the largest metropolitan area with 9.8 million people, followed by Metro Detroit. Paul, Greater St. Louis, Greater Cleveland, Greater Cincinnati, Kansas City metro area, the term Midwestern has been in use since the 1880s to refer to portions of the central United States. A variant term, Middle West, has used since the 19th century. Another term sometimes applied to the general region is the heartland. Other designations for the region have fallen out of use, such as the Northwest or Old Northwest, the Northwest Territory was one of the earliest territories of the United States, stretching northwest from the Ohio River to northern Minnesota and upper-Mississippi. The upper-Mississippi watershed including the Missouri and Illinois Rivers was the setting for the earlier French settlements of the Illinois Country, economically the region is balanced between heavy industry and agriculture, with finance and services such as medicine and education becoming increasingly important. Its central location makes it a crossroads for river boats, railroads, autos, trucks. Politically the region swings back and forth between the parties, and thus is heavily contested and often decisive in elections, after the sociological study Middletown, which was based on Muncie, Indiana, commentators used Midwestern cities as typical of the nation. The region has a higher ratio than the Northeast, the West. Traditional definitions of the Midwest include the Northwest Ordinance Old Northwest states, the states of the Old Northwest are also known as Great Lakes states and are east-north central in the United States. The Ohio River runs along the section while the Mississippi River runs north to south near the center. Many of the Louisiana Purchase states in the west-north central United States, are known as Great Plains states. The Midwest lies north of the 36°30′ parallel that the 1820 Missouri Compromise established as the line between future slave and non-slave states
14.
Kappa Alpha Theta
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Kappa Alpha Theta, also known simply as Theta, is an international sorority founded on Jan. 27,1870 at DePauw University, formerly Indiana Asbury, Kappa Alpha Theta was the first Greek-letter fraternity for women. The organization currently has more than 145 chapters at colleges and universities in the United States, Thetas total living initiated membership as of January 23,2017, totals more than 211,000. There are more than 200 alumnae chapters and circles worldwide, Kappa Alpha Theta is a member of the National Panhellenic Conference. Kappa Alpha Theta was founded in 1870 to give women a support group in the mostly male college world at Indiana Asbury. Indiana Asbury officially opened its doors to women in 1867, thirty years after the college was first established, Locke had many friends in FIJI, and when the members asked her to wear their badge she asked if it meant she was a member of their fraternity. They informed her, no it would be simply as a mascot or token of her friendship and she said she could not wear it as she did not know the secrets and purposes the badge represented. The brothers of FIJI took a vote to whether to admit. They decided they wished to remain a fraternity, and gave Locke a silver fruit basket instead as a symbol of their special relationship with her. At the suggestion of her father, a professor at Indiana Asbury, discovering that only literary societies for women existed at the time, Locke decided to begin her own Greek letter fraternity for women, and Kappa Alpha Theta was conceived. Locke and her friend Alice Allen together wrote a constitution, planned ceremonies, designed a badge, along with Hannah Fitch and Bettie Tipton, they were initiated in secret on Jan. 27,1870, creating the Alpha Chapter of Kappa Alpha Theta, in 1887, Theta became an international organization with the establishment of the Sigma Chapter at The University of Toronto. This became the first Canadian sorority, since its founding, the organization has been associated with a number of firsts, The first women admitted to the Phi Beta Kappa Society were Thetas. Kappa Alpha Theta was the first womens organization to use Greek letters in its name, nancy Kassebaum, who was a member, was the first woman elected to the U. S. Senate who had not succeeded her husband or first been appointed to fill an unexpired term. G. William Domhoff, writing in Who Rules America, listed Kappa Alpha Theta as one of the four or five sororities with nationwide prestige in the mid-1960s. Kappa Alpha Thetas colors are black and gold, the official symbols are both the kite and twin stars, while the official flower is the black and gold pansy. ΚΑΘ does not have an official stone, Kappa Alpha Theta has more than 135 active college chapters and more than 180 alumnae chapters across the United States and Canada. Alumnae chapters are alumnae groups that have been granted charters from Grand Council, the following is a list of the chapters of Kappa Alpha Theta, Theta Kappa Alpha Theta Foundation, founded in 1960, is the philanthropic arm of the organization
15.
John Wayne
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Marion Mitchell Morrison, known professionally as John Wayne and nicknamed Duke, was an American actor and filmmaker. An Academy Award-winner for True Grit, Wayne was among the top box office draws for three decades, born in Winterset, Iowa, Wayne grew up in Southern California. He found work at film studios when he lost his football scholarship to the University of Southern California as a result of a bodysurfing accident. Initially working for the Fox Film Corporation, he appeared mostly in bit parts. His first leading role came in Raoul Walshs The Big Trail, Waynes career took off in 1939, with John Fords Stagecoach making him an instant star. He went on to star in 142 pictures, biographer Ronald Davis said, John Wayne personified for millions the nations frontier heritage. Eighty-three of his movies were Westerns, and in them he played cowboys, cavalrymen and he is also remembered for his roles in The Quiet Man, Rio Bravo, and The Longest Day. In his final performance, he starred as an aging gunfighter battling cancer in The Shootist. He appeared with many important Hollywood stars of his era, Wayne was born Marion Robert Morrison on May 26,1907 at 224 South Second Street in Winterset, Iowa. The local paper, Winterset Madisonian, reported on page 4 of the edition of May 30,1907 that Wayne weighed 13 pounds at birth and his middle name was soon changed from Robert to Mitchell when his parents decided to name their next son Robert. Waynes father, Clyde Leonard Morrison, was the son of American Civil War veteran Marion Mitchell Morrison, Waynes mother, the former Mary Molly Alberta Brown, was from Lancaster County, Nebraska. Waynes ancestry included English, Irish, Scots-Irish, and Scottish, Waynes family moved to Palmdale, California, and then in 1916 to Glendale, California, where his father worked as a pharmacist. A local fireman at the station on his route to school in Glendale started calling him Little Duke because he never went anywhere without his huge Airedale Terrier and he preferred Duke to Marion, and the nickname stuck. Wayne attended Wilson Middle School in Glendale, as a teen, he worked in an ice cream shop for a man who shod horses for Hollywood studios. He was also active as a member of the Order of DeMolay and he played football for the 1924 league champion Glendale High School team. Wayne applied to the U. S. Naval Academy, and he instead attended the University of Southern California, majoring in pre-law. He was a member of the Trojan Knights and Sigma Chi fraternities, Wayne also played on the USC football team under coach Howard Jones. A broken collarbone injury curtailed his career, Wayne later noted that he was too terrified of Jones reaction to reveal the actual cause of his injury
16.
Serial film
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Each chapter was screened at a movie theater for one week, and ended with a cliffhanger, in which characters found themselves in perilous situations with little apparent chance of escape. Viewers had to each week to see the cliffhangers resolved. Many serials were Westerns, since those were the least expensive to film, besides Westerns, though, there were films covering many genres, including crime fiction, espionage, comic book or comic strip characters, science fiction, and jungle adventures. Although most serials were filmed economically, some were made at significant expense, the Flash Gordon serial and its sequels, for instance, were major productions in their times. Serials were a form of movie entertainment dating back to Edisons What Happened to Mary of 1912. Usually filmed with low budgets, serials were action-packed stories that involved a hero battling an evil villain. The hero and heroine would face one trap after another, battling countless thugs and lackeys, many famous clichés of action-adventure movies had their origins in the serials. The popular Indiana Jones movies are a well-known, romantic pastiche of the serials clichéd plot elements, ruth Roland, Marin Sais, Ann Little, and Helen Holmes were also early leading serial queens. Most of these serials put beautiful young women in jeopardy week after week, the serials starring women were the most popular during the silent period but in the sound era few serials had a female character in the major role. Years after their first release, serials gained new life at Saturday Matinees, for that reason, serials are sometimes called Saturday Matinee Serials, even though they were originally shown with feature films. Many have been released in home video formats, besides the hero or heroine, some terms are used to define villains and supporting players, The saddle pal or sidekick was the helper or assistant of the hero or heroine. That person was often a comic or a more serious. The brains heavy was the man who issued the orders to his henchmen and he often wears a suit, and pretends to be an upright, lawful member of the community. He usually had little to do until the last chapter except talk, snarl, the action heavy is the assistant or second-in-command to the brains heavy who usually wore workmanlike duds, did the physical labor, and often had more brawn than brains. He went from one chapter to the next trying desperately to kill the hero with fists, knives, guns, bombs, or whatever else was handy at the time. The oldtimer was the man who owned the ranch, the father of the hero and often had a short lifespan, as well those that wore a badge of a sheriff, marshall. The middle-aged and older performers who were judges, lawyers, storeowners, wardens, owners of the newspaper, scientists, executives. Famous American serials of the silent era include The Perils of Pauline and The Exploits of Elaine made by Pathé Frères, another popular serial was the 119-episode The Hazards of Helen made by Kalem Studios and starring Helen Holmes for the first forty-eight episodes then Helen Gibson for the remainder
17.
Dick Tracy's G-Men
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Dick Tracys G-Men is a 15-Chapter Republic Movie Serial based on the Dick Tracy comic strip by Chester Gould. It was directed by William Witney and John English and this serial was the fifteenth of the sixty-six produced by Republic and the third Dick Tracy serial. As with all four Dick Tracy serials, Ralph Byrd plays the lead and this time he faces Irving Pichel as the spy with a vendetta, Zarnoff. Future Academy Award winner Jennifer Jones co-stars as Gwen Andrews, g-Man is a contemporary slang term for an agent of the FBI. In the comic strip, Dick Tracy is actually a detective in the force of an unnamed Midwestern city resembling Chicago. This was changed for the serial, international spy, Zarnoff, in the employ of The Three Powers is captured by Dick Tracy at the start of the serial, tried and sentenced to death. However, through the use of a rare drug embedded by his agents in the evening newspaper and his men pick up his corpse by ambushing the hearse and administering another counter-drug. He continues his plans, while taking the opportunity of revenge on Tracy. Ralph Byrd as Dick Tracy Irving Pichel as Nicolas Zarnoff Ted Pearson as Agent Steve Lockwood Phyllis Isley as Gwen Andrews, Phyllis Isley went on to win an Academy Award for best actress four years later in 1943 for The Song of Bernadette, under the screen name Jennifer Jones. Walter Miller as Robal, one of Zarnoffs henchmen and this was Walter Millers last serial, he died shortly afterwards. George Douglas as Sandoval, one of Zarnoffs henchmen Dick Tracys G-Men was budgeted at $159,876 although the final negative cost was $163,530, although the previous serial, Daredevils of the Red Circle, came in under budget that was an exception to the rule. Most Republic serials were slightly overbudget and this one was not significantly so in comparison and it was filmed between 17 June and 27 July 1939 under the working title Dick Tracy and his G-Men. The serials production number was 896 and this serial, like all the sequels to the 1937 original Dick Tracy serial, was permitted by an interpretation of the original contract, which allowed a series or serial. Therefore, Chester Gould was not paid again for the right to produce this serial, Dick Tracys G-Mens official release date is 2 September 1939, although this is actually the date the seventh chapter was made available to film exchanges. The serial was re-released on 19 September 1955 following the release of Republics final serial, Dick Tracys G-Men began a series of re-releases that accounted for all of Republics remaining serial releases, finishing with a re-release of Zorros Fighting Legion in March 1958. The Master Spy Captured The False Signal The Enemy Strikes Crack-up
18.
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
19.
John Robert Powers
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John Robert Powers was an American actor and founder of a prominent New York City-based modeling agency. In 1923, John Robert Powers founded a modeling school, the John Robert Powers Agency represented many models who went on to success in the Hollywood film industry. While Powers clientele was overwhelmingly female, and to be a Powers Girl was a much sought-after position, the agency was the subject of a 1943 musical comedy, The Powers Girl, in which Alan Mowbray portrays Powers and features Anne Shirley and Carole Landis as aspiring models. John Robert Powers married Alice Burton and they are buried together in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. The John Robert Powers system is a system and its franchises in the USA have been involved in a controversy over their status as a school vs a talent agency. Critics in the USA describe John Robert Powers franchises in America as using high-pressure sales tactics, John Robert Powers USA asserts that is not an agency and does not make any percentage of the talents earnings. The Los Angeles Better Business Bureau believes that Powers fits the definitions of a talent agency, nevertheless, the BBB notes that Powers would undoubtedly deny that they are either and that Powers contracts do not use such terms. The Los Angeles BBB further notes, JRP websites include photos of famous personalities, pictures of well-known stars such as Lucille Ball, Marilyn Monroe and John Wayne hang in the lobby of franchises. According to the National First Ladies Library biography, Betty Ford worked as a model for the JRP Agency, a Vanity Fair article says Grace Kelly was a model at the JRP agency. The agency was featured in a novel, Polly the Powers Model, the heroine was a fictitious teenager at the agency. JohnRobertPowers. net - Official company site USA John Robert Powers at Find a Grave
20.
Henry King (director)
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Henry King was an American film director. Before coming to film, King worked as an actor in various repertoire theatres and he directed for the first time in 1915, and grew to become one of the most commercially successful Hollywood directors of the 1920s and 30s. He was twice nominated for the Best Director Oscar, in 1944, he was awarded the first Golden Globe Award for Best Director for his film The Song of Bernadette. He worked most often with Tyrone Power and Gregory Peck and for 20th Century Fox, henry King was one of the 36 founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which awards excellence of cinematic achievements every year, and was the last surviving founder. He directed over 100 films in his career, in 1955, King was awarded The George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film. During World War II, King served as the deputy commander of the Civil Air Patrol coastal patrol base in Brownsville, TX, in his final years, he was the oldest licensed private pilot in the United States, having obtained his license in 1918
21.
Bernadette Soubirous
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Bernadette Soubirous was the firstborn daughter of a miller from Lourdes, France, and is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. She would later receive recognition when the lady who appeared to her herself as the Immaculate Conception. These masks were placed on her face and hands before she was moved to her crystal reliquary in June 1925, the Marian shrine at Lourdes went on to become a major pilgrimage site, attracting over five million pilgrims of all denominations each year. On 8 December 1933, Pope Pius XI declared Bernadette Soubirous a Saint of the Catholic Church. Her feast-day was initially fixed for 18 February—the day her Lady promised to make her happy, not in this life, Bernadette was the daughter of François Soubirous, a miller, and Louise, a laundress. She was the eldest of nine children—Bernadette, Jean, Toinette, Jean-Marie, Jean-Marie, Justin, Pierre, Jean, Bernadette was born on 7 January 1844 and baptized at the local parish church, St. Pierres, on 9 January, her parents wedding anniversary. Bernadettes godmother was Bernarde Casterot, her mothers sister, a wealthy widow who owned a tavern. Hard times had fallen on France and the lived in extreme poverty. She contracted cholera as a toddler and suffered severe asthma for the rest of her life, Bernadette attended the day school conducted by the Sisters of Charity and Christian Instruction from Nevers. On 11 February 1858, Bernadette, then aged 14, was out gathering firewood with her sister Marie and a friend near the grotto of Massabielle when she experienced her first vision. While the other girls crossed the stream in front of the grotto and walked on, Bernadette stayed behind. She finally sat down to take her shoes off in order to cross the water and was lowering her stocking when she heard the sound of rushing wind, a wild rose in a natural niche in the grotto, however, did move. From the niche, or rather the dark alcove behind it, came a light. This was the first of 18 visions of what she referred to as aquero, in later testimony, she called it a small young lady. Her sister and her stated that they had seen nothing. On 14 February, after Sunday Mass, Bernadette, with her sister Marie and some other girls, Bernadette knelt down immediately, saying she saw aquero again and falling into a trance. When one of the girls threw holy water at the niche and another threw a rock from above that shattered on the ground, on her next visit,18 February, she said that the vision asked her to return to the grotto every day for a fortnight. This period of almost daily visions came to be known as la Quinzaine sacrée, initially, her parents, especially her mother, were embarrassed and tried to forbid her to go
22.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence
23.
Multiracial
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Multiracial is defined as made up of or relating to people of many races. Many terms exist for people of multiracial backgrounds. While some of the used in the past are considered insulting and offensive. Individuals of multiracial backgrounds make up a significant portion of the population in parts of the world. In North America, studies have found that the population is continuing to grow. Because of a decline in racism, multiracial people no longer feel the need to hide their heritage, in many countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, mixed-race people make up the majority of the population. While defining race is controversial, race remains a commonly used term for categorization, insofar as race is defined differently in different cultures, perceptions of multiraciality will naturally be subjective. Some percentage of people who look black will possess genetic markers indicating the majority of their recent ancestors were European. The revised OMB standards identify a minimum of five categories, White, Black or African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian. Perhaps the most significant change for Census 2000 was that respondents were given the option to one or more races on the questionnaire to indicate their racial identity. Census 2000 race data are shown for people who reported a race either alone or in combination with one or more other races, in the English-speaking world, many terms for people of various multiracial backgrounds exist, some of which are pejorative or are no longer used. Mulato, zambo and mestizo are used in Spanish, mulato, caboclo, cafuzo, ainoko and mestiço in Portuguese and mulâtre and these terms are also in certain contexts used in the English-speaking world. In Canada, the Métis are an ethnic group of mixed European and First Nation descent. Half-breed is a term that referred to people of partial Native American ancestry, it is now considered pejorative. Mestee, once used, is now used mostly for members of historically mixed-race groups, such as Louisiana Creoles, Melungeons, Redbones. In South Africa, and much of English-speaking southern Africa, the term Coloured was used to describe a mixed-race person, while the term is socially accepted, it is becoming an outdated due to its association with the apartheid era. Charts and diagrams intended to explain the classifications were common, the well-known Casta paintings in Mexico and, to some extent, Peru, were illustrations of the different classifications. Most Brazilians of all groups are to some extent mixed-race according to genetic research
24.
Duel in the Sun (film)
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The movie stars Jennifer Jones, Joseph Cotten, Gregory Peck, Lillian Gish, and Lionel Barrymore. Pearl Chavez is orphaned after her father Scott Chavez kills her mother, before Scott Chavez is executed as a punishment for killing his wife, he arranges for his daughter Pearl to live with his second cousin and old sweetheart, Laura Belle. Arriving by stagecoach, Pearl is met by Jesse McCanles, one of Laura Belles two grown sons and he takes her to Spanish Bit, their enormous cattle ranch. The second son, Lewt, is a man with a personality quite unlike that of his gentlemanly brother Jesse. He expresses his interest in Pearl in direct terms and she takes a dislike to him. Laura Belle calls in Mr. Jubal Crabbe, the Sinkiller, Pearl is determined to remain a good girl. When she submits to Lewts aggressive advances one night, Pearl is angry with him, but she also cannot help but be flattered by his lust and attentions. Jesse, meanwhile, is ostracized by his father and no longer welcome at the ranch after siding with railroad men, headed by Mr. Langford, against the Senators personal interests. Jesse is in love with Pearl but he leaves for Austin to pursue a career and becomes engaged to Helen Langford. Offended when Lewt reneges on a promise to marry her, Pearl takes up with Sam Pierce and she does not love him but says yes to his proposal. Before they can be married, however, Lewt picks a fight with Pierce in a saloon and he insists that Pearl can belong only to him. On the run from the law, Lewt finds time to derail a train and occasionally drop by the ranch late at night and she cannot resist her desire for him and lies for Lewt to the law, hiding him in her room. Afterward, however, he walks out on her, despite her pleas that she loves him, Laura Belles health takes a turn for the worse and the Senator admits his love for her before she dies. Jesse returns to visit but is too late, his mother is dead, the Senator continues to shun him, as does Lewt, their family feud finally resulting in a showdown. Lewt tosses a gun to his brother but Jesse stands his ground without attempting to pick it up. Jesse warns that Lewt will eventually be hanged as a murderer, the Senators old friend, Lem Smoot tells him that Jesses wound is not mortal and the old man softens up towards his son. A livid Pearl is relieved that Jesse is going to survive, when Helen arrives, she invites Pearl to leave Spanish Bit forever and come live with them in Austin. Pearl agrees, but she is tipped off by one of the Spanish Bit hands and she arms herself and engages in a shootout with Lewt in the desert, where they die in each others arms
25.
Since You Went Away
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Since You Went Away is a 1944 American film directed by John Cromwell for Selznick International Pictures and distributed by United Artists. The music score was by Max Steiner and the cinematography by Stanley Cortez, Lee Garmes, George Barnes and Robert Bruce. The movie is set in a mid-sized American town, where people with loved ones in the armed forces try to cope with their changed circumstances, the town is near a military base, and some of the characters are troops serving Stateside. Though famously sentimental in places, Since You Went Away is somber at times about the effects of war on ordinary people, some characters on the homefront are dealing with grief, loneliness, or fear for the future. Wounded and disabled troops are shown in the hospital scenes, Anne Hilton is an upper-middle-class housewife living in a Midwestern town near a military base with her two teenage daughters, Jane and Bridget Brig. Annes beloved husband Tim Hilton - seen only in photographs - is the father of Jane and Brig, and has volunteered for U. S. Army service in World War II. The Colonel has a relationship with his young grandson, Bill Smollett. An old friend of Anne and Tims, U. S. Navy Lieutenant Tony Willett, Bill quickly falls for Jane, who has a crush on Tony, who in turn has long been attracted to Anne. However, after Tony leaves, Bill and Janes relationship slowly develops and they become engaged, but Bill convinces Jane to wait until after the war to get married. Bill finally is sent overseas and Jane tearfully runs after his train to tell him goodbye. The Colonel, who under his gruff exterior really does care about his grandson, conveys his good wishes to Bill via Anne, shortly after Bills departure, the Hiltons receive word that he was killed in action at Salerno. The Hiltons and the Colonel grieve together for Bill, the family also learns that Tim Hilton is missing in action. Tony returns on leave and talks to Anne about his feelings for her, Anne and Tony decide to leave things as they are and remain friends. On Christmas Eve, Fidelia places gifts under the tree that Tim had given her months earlier to leave for his family, Anne then gets a cablegram by telephone informing her that Tim is safe and is coming home, and she and her daughters joyfully embrace. Robert Walker is uncommonly appealing as the soldier whom she tragically adores. Two hours and fifty-one minutes is a lot of time to harp upon one well-known theme—lonesomeness, and that is all this picture really does. The movie was popular and earned $4,950,000 in North American rentals during its theatrical release, the farewell scene between Jones and Walker at the railway station was parodied in the 1980 film Airplane. They divorced not long after the movie was completed, and Jones later married Selznick, since You Went Away at the American Film Institute Catalog Since You Went Away at the TCM Movie Database Since You Went Away at the Internet Movie Database Since You Went Away at AllMovie
26.
Love Letters (1945 film)
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Love Letters is a 1945 film adapted by Ayn Rand from the novel Pity My Simplicity by Christopher Massie. It was directed by William Dieterle and stars Jennifer Jones, Joseph Cotten, Ann Richards, Cecil Kellaway, Gladys Cooper, the plot tells the story of a man falling in love with an amnesiac woman with two personalities who killed his soldier friend. The film was nominated for four Academy Awards, including a Best Actress in a Leading Role nomination for Jones. Alan Quinton, an American soldier in Italy during World War II, has been writing letters for his friend, Roger Morland, a man who admits he never had any standards, manners or taste. Alan has never met Victoria Remington, but regards her as a girl of the spirit. He realizes that Victoria has fallen in love with the letters and is concerned that she will be disappointed by the real Roger, however, Roger abruptly leaves for paratrooper training in England. Alan is subsequently injured on the Italian front and finds out that Roger is dead and he is having trouble readjusting to civilian life and spending time with his fiancée, Helen Wentworth. He decides to live for a while at his aunts farm in Essex, in London, his brother takes him to a party at which he meets Dilly Carson and Singleton. He drunkenly tells them the story about falling in love with a woman hes never met and she tells Alan that a murder was committed and the letters were somehow involved. Alan and his fiancée realize they arent in love and part amicably before he moves to the farm, while in Essex, Alan visits Longreach — the road to which he addressed all the letters — and finds out that Victoria died over a year ago. He also learns that Roger was murdered by his wife, back in London, Dilly informs him that Singleton is suffering from amnesia and is actually the real Victoria. She begs him not to tell Singleton that he was the one who wrote the letters because Victoria fell in love with Roger through the letters and married him solely based on them. After a trial during which she cannot remember anything, she is sent to a psychiatric hospital for a year. Victoria never regained her memory, and continues to now live as Singleton, Singleton realizes that Alan is in love with Victoria, but does not realize Victoria is actually herself. Regardless, Alan and Singleton marry after he gets permission from her adopted mother, however, their marriage is constantly scarred by Alans love of the other woman. Roger confesses that he is not the one who wrote the letters, Beatrice takes a knife and is the one to stab him to death as Victoria attempts to save the letters he had thrown into the fireplace. As Alan arrives at the house, Victoria recalls her true identity, Rands screenplay of Massies book converted his story into an adaptation of Edmond Rostands famous play Cyrano de Bergerac. Rand had admired the work since reading it in the original French in her youth, in Rands version, a dimension of psychological mystery is added, and the heroine discovers the identity of the true author in time for the protagonists to experience a happy ending
27.
Cluny Brown
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Cluny Brown is a 1946 film made by Twentieth Century-Fox, directed and produced by Ernst Lubitsch. The screenplay was written by Samuel Hoffenstein and Elizabeth Reinhardt, based on a novel by Margery Sharp, the music score is by Cyril J. Mockridge. The film stars Charles Boyer and Jennifer Jones and is a satire on the smugness of British high society and it is the last film Lubitsch completed. A plumbers niece and a meet in England prior to World War II. Aubrey Smith, Reginald Owen, and Richard Haydn are around to take up what slack there is, Cluny Brown is a free spirit, who lives in the moment. She has been told, she has to learn her place and she has a difficult time not being able to be herself, until she meets Adam Belinski who finds her spontaneity intoxicatingly refreshing. A plumbers niece, she has a fascination with plumbing and pipes which get her into trouble, as it is not lady like, from there things get even more fun. Charles Boyer as Adam Belinski Jennifer Jones as Cluny Brown Peter Lawford as Andrew Carmel Helen Walker as Betty Cream Reginald Gardiner as Hilary Ames Reginald Owen as Sir Henry Carmel C. Cluny Brown Cluny Brown at the Internet Movie Database Cluny Brown at AllMovie Cluny Brown at the TCM Movie Database Cluny Brown on Screen Directors Playhouse, November 23,1950
28.
Portrait of Jennie
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Portrait of Jennie is a 1948 fantasy film based on the novella by Robert Nathan. The film was directed by William Dieterle and produced by David O. Selznick and it stars Jennifer Jones and Joseph Cotten. In 1934, impoverished painter Eben Adams meets a fey little girl named Jennie Appleton in Central Park and he makes a sketch of her from memory which involves him with art dealer Miss Spinney, who sees potential in him. This inspires him to paint a portrait of Jennie, Eben encounters Jennie at intermittent intervals. Strangely, she appears to be growing up more rapidly than is possible. He soon falls in love with her but is puzzled by the fact that she seems to be experiencing events that he took place many years previously as if they had just happened. Jekes Clem Bevans as Capt. Selznick, who purchased it as a vehicle for Academy Award winner Jennifer Jones. The films major overhaul came when Selznick added a color sequence for the final scenes. The final shot of the painting, appearing just before the credits, is in full Technicolor, Portrait of Jennie was highly unusual for its time in that it had no opening credits as such, except for the Selznick Studio logo. All the other credits appear at the end, before the film proper begins, the title is announced by the narrator. The portrait of Jennie was painted by artist Robert Brackman, the painting became one of Selznicks prized possessions, and it was displayed in his home after he married Jones in 1949. The film is notable for Joseph H. Augusts atmospheric cinematography, capturing the characters obsession with Jennie. August shot many of the scenes through a canvas, making the look like actual paintings. August, who used many lenses from silent film days, died shortly after completing the film and he was posthumously nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography. Herrmann was assigned the original composing duties for the film but left during its shooting schedule. A scene of Jennie and Eben having a picnic after witnessing the ceremony in the convent and it was filmed but deleted when it looked as if Jennies hair was blending into the tree next to her. The scene that featured Jennie doing a dance choreographed by Jerome Robbins took over ten days to film, but was not used in the completed film. When it was released in December 1948, it was not a success, upon its release, The New York Times reviewer Bosley Crowther called it deficient and disappointing in the extreme, but the Variety reviewers found the story was told with style, taste and dignity
29.
Madame Bovary (1949 film)
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Madame Bovary is a 1949 film adaptation of the classic novel of the same name by Gustave Flaubert. It stars Jennifer Jones, James Mason, Van Heflin, Louis Jourdan, Alf Kjellin, Gene Lockhart, Frank Allenby and it was directed by Vincente Minnelli and produced by Pandro S. Berman, from a screenplay by Robert Ardrey based on the Flaubert novel. The music score was by Miklós Rózsa, the cinematography by Robert H. Planck, the film was a project of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios and Lana Turner was set to star, but when pregnancy forced her to withdraw, Jones stepped into the title role. Production began in December 1948 and the film premiered the following summer, the story of the adulterous wife who destroys the lives of many presented censorship issues with the Motion Picture Production Code. A plot device which structured the story around author Flauberts obscenity trial was developed to placate the censors, the highlight of the film is an elaborately choreographed ball sequence set to composer Miklós Rózsas lush film score. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration in 1950 for Cedric Gibbons, Jack Martin Smith, Edwin B. Willis and Richard Pefferle. The film opens with Gustave Flaubert in court to defend his novel, which has been accused of being a disgrace to France, in order to keep it from being banned, Flaubert tells the story of Madame Bovary from his perspective. We are introduced to Emma when she is twenty years old and she lives with her father on a small farm in the country. She is a woman, and books are her only real companions. She fantasizes about love, and convinces herself that she one day fall madly in love and have a perfect life. One day, Emmas father injures his leg, when the doctor, Charles Bovary comes, Emma falls in love with him instantly. Soon enough, Emma and Charles are married, the couple moves into a small house in the town of Yonville in Normandy. Emma is disappointed, but vows to make the house into her dream home and she insists upon decorating the house lavishly, and although Charles makes only a modest salary, he provides Emma with her every wish. Although her home is just how Emma always dreamed, she is disappointed at her lack of social status. Emma is met with more disappointment when she later gives birth to a baby girl. Emma develops an intolerance towards Berthe and is uninvolved in raising her, depending heavily upon the nanny, unhappy with her life, Emma embarks upon an affair with Leon Dupuis. When Charles is invited to a ball at the home of the wealthy Marquis DAndervilliers, Charles does not want to go, thinking they wont fit in with the aristocratic crowd, but Emma finally convinces him to attend. Emma is very popular at the ball, wearing a gown that is the envy of the party
30.
We Were Strangers
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We Were Strangers is a 1949 adventure–drama film directed by John Huston and starring Jennifer Jones and John Garfield. Set in 1933, the film concerns a group of attempting to overthrow the Cuban government of Gerardo Machado. The story is based loosely on an episode in Robert Sylvesters novel Rough Sketch, the story draws on events that occurred as part of the political violence that led to the overthrow of Cuban dictator Gerardo Machado y Morales in 1933. In 1932, a violent opposition group, the ABC, assassinated the President of the Cuban Senate Clemente Vazquez Bello and they had constructed a tunnel to reach the Vazquez family crypt in Havanas Colón Cemetery and planted an explosive device there, anticipating that Machado would attend the funeral. The plan failed when the decided to bury Vazquez elsewhere. The film is about a group of revolutionaries who plot to bring down their corrupt government, the title, chosen by the distributor Columbia Pictures in place of Rough Sketch, identifies how they come together with no prior associations, sharing only their political principles. China Valdez is a clerk who has a brother who distributes anti-government flyers. She watches as a government operative guns him down on the steps of the University of Havana and she vows to kill his assassin, Ariete. At her brothers funeral, Tony Fenner, an American confederate of her brother and his disparate group of tunnelers includes a dockworkers, a bicycle mechanic, and a graduate student. Much of the movie is devoted to the digging of the tunnel, the tunnelers struggle with the need to kill men who are less than entirely evil and to take the lives of innocent bystanders. Ramon goes mad thinking of these issues, wanders off and dies in a traffic accident, Ariete harasses China, jealous of her relationship with Fenner, who he has learned is actually Cuban by birth. When the tunnel is ready, a prominent government minister is assassinated as planned, as a munitions expert prepares to set the bomb in place, they learn that the burial will take place elsewhere, not in the family tomb as expected. They make plans for Fenner, who by now is known to Ariete. China will get the funds from Fenners account at her bank. Fenner rages about his failure, the disgrace of returning to the people who funded his trip with small donations, only in supporting him at this point does China declare her love for him. China obtains the funds but sends a fellow employee because she is being tailed by one of Arietes men, but Fenner, unwilling to leave without her, comes to Chinas house. The film climaxes with a violent shoot-out sequence, followed by the outbreak of revolution, seymour, bank manager Huston, recognizing the sensitive nature of the films politics, formed an independent production company, Horizon Films, to finance the film. One critic has noted the film is a barely disguised indictment of U. S. foreign policy as well as a study of the poetry of failure typical of Hustons style, Huston cast Garfield partly because they shared the same political outlook
31.
Gone to Earth (film)
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Gone to Earth is a British Technicolor film by the director-writer team of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. It stars Jennifer Jones, David Farrar and Cyril Cusack and features Esmond Knight, the film was significantly changed for the American market by David O. Selznick and retitled The Wild Heart in 1952. Gone to Earth is based on the 1917 novel of the name by author Mary Webb. Hazel Woodus is a child of nature in the Shropshire countryside in 1897 and she loves and understands all the wild animals more than the people around her. Whenever she has problems, she turns to the book of spells, local squire Jack Reddin sees Hazel and wants her, but she has already promised herself to the Baptist minister, Edward Marston. A struggle for her body and soul ensues, studio filming took place at Shepperton Studios in Shepperton, Surrey, while most of the film was shot on location at many sites around Much Wenlock in Shropshire, England. Many local people were recruited as extras, for instance, the choir from the local Methodist church appears in the film. When director Michael Powell heard them sing, he thought they werent ragged enough to portray a choir of country folk, only to be told But we are country folk, the film was a co-production with American producer David O. Selznick. Powell summed up the relationship this way, We decided to go ahead with David O. the way hedgehogs make love and he lost the court case, but discovered that he had the right to have the film changed for its American release. Consequently, Selznick had the film re-edited and some scenes shot in Hollywood under director Rouben Mamoulian to make the version known as The Wild Heart. Selznicks changes were mostly additions to the film, a prologue, scenes explaining things, often literally, by putting labels or inscriptions on them, and more close-ups of his wife, Jennifer Jones. The most infamous of the alterations are the scenes at the end when Jones is supposedly carrying a tame fox—in the additional scenes, she is carrying what is obviously a stuffed toy fox. Selznick also deleted a few scenes that he felt werent dramatic enough, some of which were major plot points, in his autobiographies, Powell claimed that Selznick only left about 35 minutes of the original film, but, in fact, about two-thirds remains intact. Overall, Selznick cut the length by 28 minutes, from the original 110 minutes to 82 minutes. The original version of Gone to Earth was fully restored by the British Film Institutes National Archive in 1985, reviews and articles at the Powell & Pressburger Pages
32.
Carrie (1952 film)
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Carrie is a 1952 feature film based on the novel Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser. Directed by William Wyler, the film stars Jennifer Jones in the title role, Carrie received two Academy Award nominations, Costume Design, and Best Art Direction. Carrie Meeber leaves her family in a rural town and heads to Chicago. On the train to Chicago, Charles Drouet approaches her, although Carrie is reluctant to speak to him, the salesman persists and the two chat until they reach Chicago. Carrie gets off in South Chicago, the slums as Charles Drouet points out, in South Chicago, Carrie stays with her sister, who is married and has one child. After an exhausting and fruitless day of job hunting, Carrie looks up Charles Drouet and he not only talks her into having dinner with him at Fitzgeralds, an upscale restaurant, but also gives her $10. Carrie heads to Fitzgeralds to return the money to Drouet, while there she meets George Hurstwood, the manager of the restaurant, who is immediately smitten with her. Carrie ends up moving in with Drouet and he is a big talker but basically harmless. She pressures Drouet to marry her because the neighbors are talking about them and he tries to distract her and invites Hurstwood, whom he had run into by sheer coincidence, into their home. With Drouets permission, Hurstwood takes Carrie to the theater while Drouet is on one of his business trips. Hurstwood and Carrie end up spending every free minute together, just before she is about to run off with Hurstwood, she finds out that he is married. She is distraught and confronts Hurstwood, who admits that he is married although terribly unhappy, at the restaurant, Hurstwood cashes up for the night and, by accidentally locking a timed safe, finds himself stuck with $10,000 of his bosss money. He goes home with the money and is pleased to find his boss there. He leaves an I-O-U intent on paying his boss back as soon as he made it on his own feet. He coaxes Carrie, who refuses to see him, out of the house by telling her that Drouet had injured himself. On the train to Drouet, Hurstwood tells her that he loves her, Carrie is torn, but does love Hurstwood, so she decides to stay with him. The first few days are blissful, but then reality catches up with them, Hurstwoods boss sends an officer from the bond company after Hurstwood to collect the money Hurstwood took. Hurstwood, who has already been looking for work, finds out quickly that word of him stealing the money has gotten around, unable to find a job, Hurstwood and Carrie soon find themselves living in poverty
33.
Ruby Gentry
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Ruby Gentry is a 1952 film directed by King Vidor and starring Jennifer Jones, Charlton Heston and Karl Malden. The movie and the character were the inspiration for Roberta Lee Streeter to take the performing name Bobbie Gentry. Ruby Corey, a backwoods girl living in the small North Carolina town of Braddock, is still in love with Boake Tackman. She moved back home when her father needed her help, Boakes family used to be wealthy, but after generations of profligacy all he has left is the land he has had drained and farmed. He starts a relationship with her but plans to marry a woman with a rich family. When she hears the news, Ruby marries her former benefactor, Mr. Jim Gentry, whose wife had recently died. Her background keeps her from being accepted by most of Jims peers, while at another party, Jim gets into a fistfight with Boake after witnessing him dancing with Ruby. Jim calls Ruby a tramp who looks like a lady but doesnt behave like one and she leaves in tears, and later that night, he apologizes. The next day Jim and Ruby go sailing, where he tells her he doesnt mind being second best, a loose rope results in Jim being knocked overboard by the boom, leaving Ruby widowed and distraught. The local paper writes that she is a gold-digger who murdered Jim for his fortune, Jims friends renounce her and she receives accusatory phone calls and harassment from the townspeople. Ruby uses Jims money to begin a campaign against everyone who slighted her and her brother comes to beg her for leniency, but she throws him out, warning she is just getting started. Ruby has Boakes land flooded, ruining the crops, after seeing her fury, he goes back to her. Boake and Ruby go to her fathers annual duck-hunting party where she goes back to her country roots, while hunting the next day, Boake turns on Ruby in retaliation for her actions but she apologizes. Just then, her estranged brother Jewel Corey begins to shoot at the couple while quoting Bible verses about the wickedness of women and they try to hide in the swamp but Jewel shoots Boake in the abdomen, killing him, Ruby goes after Jewel and guns him down. Cradling Boake in her arms, Ruby laments her decisions, Ruby later becomes the skipper of a fishing boat, forever looked down upon by the townspeople. At the time of the release the theme enjoyed much popularity in an orchestration by Les Baxter with harmonica solo by Danny Welton. It has subsequently become a jazz and pop standard, both as an instrumental and with lyrics by Mitchell Parish, recorded by artists as Ray Charles. Ruby Gentry at the Internet Movie Database Ruby Gentry at AllMovie Ruby Gentry at the TCM Movie Database Ruby Gentry at the American Film Institute Catalog
34.
Terminal Station (film)
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Terminal Station is a 1953 film by Italian director Vittorio De Sica. It tells the story of the affair between an Italian man and an American woman. The film was entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival, the film is based on the story Stazione Termini by Cesare Zavattini. Truman Capote was credited writing the entire screenplay, but later claimed to have written only two scenes. The film was an international co-production between De Sicas own company and the Hollywood producer David O. Selznick, who commissioned it as a vehicle for his wife, the production of the film was troubled from the very beginning. Carson McCullers was originally chosen to write the screenplay, but Selznick fired her and replaced her with a series of writers, including Paul Gallico, Alberto Moravia and Capote. Disagreements ensued between De Sica and Selznick, and during production, Selznick would write 40- and 50-page letters to his every day. After agreeing to everything, De Sica has said, he simply did things his way. Montgomery Clift sided with De Sica in his disputes with Selznick, claiming that Selznick wanted the movie to look like a little love story. Love relationship are ludicrous, painful, and gigantically disappointing and this couple loves each other but they become unconnected. During the filming, Jones was distracted and saddened by the recent death of her husband, actor Robert Walker. She had been married to Selznick less than two years at that point, and they were having difficulties in the marriage. The original release of the film ran 89 minutes, but it was later re-edited by Selznick down to 64 minutes, Clift declared that he hated the picture and denounced it as a big fat failure. Critics of the day agreed, giving it universally bad reviews, the two versions have been released together on DVD by The Criterion Collection. A1998 remake of the film was made for television under the title Indiscretion of an American Wife, Jennifer Jones as Mary Forbes Montgomery Clift as Giovanni Doria Richard Beymer as Paul Gino Cervi as Police Commissioner Nomination for the Grand Prix of 1953 International Film Festival in Cannes. Nomination for the 1955 Academy Award for Best Costume Design in black, Terminal Station at the Internet Movie Database Terminal Station at AllMovie Criterion Collection essay by David Kehr
35.
Beat the Devil (film)
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Beat the Devil is a 1953 Hollywood production filmed on location in Italy with an international cast. The film was directed by John Huston, and starred Humphrey Bogart, Jennifer Jones and Gina Lollobrigida, Huston and Truman Capote wrote the screenplay, loosely based upon a novel of the same name by British journalist Claud Cockburn, writing under the pseudonym James Helvick. Huston made the film as a parody of a genre of film, although often described as a parody of The Maltese Falcon, which Huston directed and in which Bogart and Lorre appeared, this is not the case. Capote said John and I decided to kid the story, to treat it as a parody, instead of another Maltese Falcon, we turned it into a. on this type of film. Billy Dannreuther is a formerly-wealthy American who has fallen on hard times and he is reluctantly working with four crooks, Peterson, ex-Nazi Julius OHara, Major Jack Ross and Ravello, who are trying to acquire uranium-rich land in British East Africa. Billy suspects that Major Ross murdered a British Colonial officer, who threatened to expose their plan, while waiting in Italy for passage to Africa, Billy and his wife Maria meet a British couple, Harry and Gwendolen Chelm, who plan to travel on the same ship. Harry is a proper and traditional Englishman, while Gwendolen is flighty and fanciful. Billy and Gwendolen have an affair, while Maria flirts with Harry, Peterson becomes suspicious that the Chelms may be attempting to acquire the uranium themselves. His suspicions are unfounded, but they seem to him to be confirmed by Gwendolen, Billy and Peterson are in a car accident and wrongly reported to have been killed. In order to replace Petersons lost capital, Ravello approaches Harry Chelm, just then, to everyones surprise, Billy and Peterson return to the hotel alive and unharmed. The purser announces that the ship is at last ready to sail, on board, Harry reveals that he knows about Petersons scheme and intends to inform the authorities. Peterson orders Major Ross to kill Harry, but Billy thwarts the murder attempt, harrys outraged accusations alienate the ships drunken captain, who locks Harry in the brig, where he is uncomfortable, but safe from Major Ross. The ships engine malfunctions and the ship sinks, when Billy goes to free Harry he finds that Harry has escaped and left the ship, intending to swim ashore. The passengers abandon the ship in a lifeboat and land on an African beach. They are interrogated by Ahmed, an Arab official who suspects that they may be spies or revolutionaries, Billy befriends Ahmed by talking with him about Rita Hayworth, upon whom Ahmed has a crush. Billy persuades him to send the party back to Italy, when they land, they are met and questioned by a Scotland Yard detective, who is investigating the murder of the Colonial officer. Gwendolen reveals Petersons scheme, and his involvement in the murder, and his attempt to murder Harry, to the detective, Billy laughs happily, saying This is the end, the end. During the filming of Beat the Devil, Humphrey Bogart lost several of his teeth in a car accident
36.
Good Morning, Miss Dove
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It stars Jennifer Jones, Robert Stack, Kipp Hamilton, Robert Douglas, Peggy Knudsen, Marshall Thompson, Chuck Connors, and Mary Wickes. The screenplay was adapted by Eleanor Griffin and based on the novel by Mrs. The film was directed by Henry Koster, a 60-minute TV adaptation, with Phyllis Kirk in the Jennifer Jones role, was seen in 1956 as part of the weekly anthology The 20th Century-Fox Hour. To the citizens and former pupils of Liberty Hill, she is regarded as the epitome of gentility, on a typical day, her habits never varying, Miss Dove oils her creaking gate and walks to the schoolhouse, briefly stopping to address her neighbors along the way. As the school bell rings, she stands at the entrance to her classroom as each of her pupils line up and greet her with Good morning, Miss Dove. During this mornings session, she reprimands David Burnham for swearing and tells him that he must remain after class, during Davids internment, Miss Dove suddenly feels a sharp pain at the base of her spine and tells David to run and tell his father that she is ill. Miss Dove puts her head down on her desk and begins to think about the day when her died and changed her life forever. She had met a new beau when her father suddenly died. After his death, she learns that her father, who was president of the bank, borrowed a large sum of money. Miss Dove is determined to make the right and instructs Mr. Porter, the new bank president. Mr. Pendleton visits Miss Dove and proposes marriage but she turns him down after she receives a call from Mr. Porter telling her that he has obtained a position for her at Cedar Grove School. Miss Dove returns to the present when Dr. Baker and Rev. Burnham arrive and she is admitted to her room by a former student, Billie Jean, who chatters incessantly along the way. Billie Jean, who left Liberty Hill and had an out of wedlock, has returned to her hometown and is smitten with a police officer named Bill Holloway. Miss Dove fondly recalls Bill and tells Billie Jean that he was one of her best pupils, in a flashback, she remembers how he arrived to her classroom, a poor, unkempt boy being raised by his alcoholic grandmother. Over the years, Miss Dove gave Bill odd jobs and even bought him a suit for his school graduation. As Bill entered the Marines, he wrote to Miss Dove often, the news of Miss Doves hospitalization spreads and she is soon visited by her former students. Another flashback shows Maurice Levine when he came to Cedar Grove as a Jewish boy unable to speak English and was teased by his classmates, Miss Dove taught him to speak English and teaches her students the importance of respect toward all people. He becomes a successful playwright and Miss Dove even travels to New York to see his first play, another visitor is Frederick Makepeace, who is doing time at a prison farm for petty theft
37.
The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit
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The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit is a 1956 American drama film based on the 1955 novel of the same name by Sloan Wilson. The film stars Gregory Peck as Tom Rath and Jennifer Jones as his wife Betsy, with Fredric March, Lee J. Cobb, Keenan Wynn and it was entered at the 1956 Cannes Film Festival. Ten years after the end of World War II, Tom Rath is living in suburban Connecticut with his wife Betsy and three children, and having difficulty supporting his family on his salary. Before he left Maria for the time to go back into battle, she told him she was pregnant. When an expected inheritance from Toms recently deceased grandmother turns out to have been depleted, leaving only her large and not saleable mansion, Betsy pressures Tom to seek a higher-paying job. Tom interviews for an opening at the television network UBC, but when asked to write his autobiography as part of the interview process and he is hired anyway for a public relations job, helping the network president Ralph Hopkins launch a national mental health campaign. At first Tom plans to play along with politics and accept Ogdens draft. Hopkins now regrets having ignored his family and advises Tom not to make the same mistake, at his new job, Tom meets Caesar, a sergeant with whom hed served in Italy, now the UBS Buildings elevator operator. Caesar, whod married Marias cousin, tells Tom that Maria, although Tom has previously kept his affair and the resulting child a secret from Betsy, he decides to tell her, remembering her advice to be honest about Hopkins speech. Betsy grows furious and speeds away in her car, but she runs out of gas, Tom and Betsy ask Judge Bernstein to set up a trust fund for Toms son in Italy. That night, Hopkins calls Tom to ask that he accompany Hopkins on a trip to California associated with the new campaign, Tom declines, saying he just wants to work 9 to 5 and spend the rest of the time with his family, which Hopkins ruefully accepts. Gregory Peck—Tom Rath Jennifer Jones—Betsy Rath Fredric March—Ralph Hopkins Marisa Pavan—Maria Montagne Lee J. Cobb—Judge Bernstein Ann Harding—Helen Hopkins Keenan Wynn—Sgt, Caesar Gardella Gene Lockhart—Bill Hawthorne Gigi Perreau—Susan Hopkins Portland Mason—Janey Rath Arthur OConnell—Gordon Walker Henry Daniell—Bill Ogden Connie Gilchrist—Mrs. Manter Joseph Sweeney—Edward M. Schultz Sandy Descher—Barbara Rath The film, like the novel on which it was based, wright Mills, and William H. Whyte, Jr. List of American films of 1956 The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit at the Internet Movie Database The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit at AllMovie The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit at the TCM Movie Database
38.
Gregory Peck
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Eldred Gregory Peck was an American actor who was one of the most popular film stars from the 1940s to the 1960s. Peck continued to major film roles until the late 1980s. His performance as Atticus Finch in the 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor and he had also been nominated for an Oscar for the same category for The Keys of the Kingdom, The Yearling, Gentlemans Agreement and Twelve OClock High. Other notable films he appeared in include Spellbound, Roman Holiday, Moby Dick, The Guns of Navarone, Cape Fear, How the West Was Won, The Omen, President Lyndon Johnson honored Peck with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969 for his lifetime humanitarian efforts. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Peck among Greatest Male Stars of Classic Hollywood cinema and he was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1983. His father was of English and Irish heritage and his mother of English and she converted to her husbands religion, Roman Catholicism, when she married his father, and Peck was raised as a Catholic. Pecks parents divorced when he was five and he was brought up by his maternal grandmother, at the age of 10 he was sent to a Catholic military school, St. Johns Military Academy in Los Angeles. While he was a student there, his grandmother died, at 14, he moved back to San Diego to live with his father, attended San Diego High School, and after graduating enrolled for one year at San Diego State Teachers College. While there he joined the team, took his first theatre and public-speaking courses. Peck however had ambitions to be a doctor and the following year gained admission to the University of California, Berkeley, as an English major, standing 6 ft 3 in, he rowed on the university crew. Although his tuition fee was only $26 per year, Peck still struggled to pay, at Berkeley, encouraged by the acting coach, who saw in him perfect material for university theatre, Peck became more and more interested in acting. He was recruited by Edwin Duerr, director of the universitys Little Theater, Peck would later say about Berkeley that, it was a very special experience for me and three of the greatest years of my life. It woke me up and made me a human being, in 1997, Peck donated $25,000 to the Berkeley rowing crew in honor of his coach, the renowned Ky Ebright. He was often broke and sometimes slept in Central Park and he worked at the 1939 Worlds Fair and as a tour guide for NBCs television broadcasting. In 1940, Peck learned more of the craft, working in exchange for food, at the Barter Theatre in Abingdon, Virginia, appearing in five plays including Family Portrait. His stage career began in 1941 when he played the secretary in a Katharine Cornell production of George Bernard Shaws play The Doctors Dilemma, unfortunately, the play opened in San Francisco just one week before the attack on Pearl Harbor. He made his Broadway debut as the lead in Emlyn Williams The Morning Star in 1942 and his second Broadway performance that year was in The Willow and I with Edward Pawley. Twentieth Century Fox claimed he had injured his back while rowing at university, ive been trying to straighten out that story for years
39.
A Farewell to Arms (1957 film)
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A Farewell to Arms is a 1957 American DeLuxe Color CinemaScope drama film directed by Charles Vidor. The screenplay by Ben Hecht, based in part on a 1930 play by Laurence Stallings, was the feature film adaptation of Ernest Hemingways 1929 semi-autobiographical novel of the same name. It was the last film produced by David O. Selznick, an earlier film version, A Farewell to Arms starred Gary Cooper and Helen Hayes. Frederick Henry is an American officer serving in a unit for the Italian Army during World War I. While recovering from a wound in a British base hospital in northern Italy, he is cared for by Catherine Barkley, a Red Cross nurse he had met earlier, near the front, and they engage in an affair. Fredericks friend, the doctor, convinces the army that Fredericks knee is more severely wounded than it actually is, Catherine discovers she is pregnant but after sneaking alcohol into the hospital for Frederick, the head nurse Miss Van Campen discovers the duplicity and separates them. She informs Fredericks superiors that he has recovered from his wounds and is ready for active duty. During their separation, Catherine comes to believe Frederick has abandoned her, following the Battle of Caporetto, Frederick and his close friend Major Alessandro Rinaldi assist the locals in fleeing the invading German/Austrian armies. Along the forced march, several people die or are left due to exhaustion. When the two drivers are finally able to report to a local army base, the commandant assumes they are both deserters from the front. Rinaldi is executed by the Italian military, enraged, Frederick knocks out the lamps and flees. Wanted by the Italian army, Frederick evades capture and meets up with Catherine and they flee Milan to hide out on a lake on the Italian-Swiss border. Fearing arrest by the police, Catherine persuades Frederick to flee to Switzerland by rowboat, after some adventures, claiming to be tourists trying to evade the war, the two are allowed to remain in neutral Switzerland. Catherines pregnancy progresses but due to the conditions around them, the pregnancy becomes complicated and their child is stillborn, and Catherine dies shortly afterward. Frederick leaves, shocked, and wanders the empty streets and he found himself in an advantageous bargaining position when Warner Bros. bought the remake rights to A Star is Born, to which he owned the foreign rights. Without them, the studio could not release their intended remake with Judy Garland overseas, Selznick offered to relinquish his rights to Star in exchange for the rights to Farewell, and Warner Bros. agreed. On October 25,1956, Selznick contacted director John Huston at the Blue Haven Hotel in Tobago, two days later, Huston announced he could not agree with Selznick on any of the issues he had raised and quit the project. Based on correspondence to Charles Vidor, it appears the relationship with Hustons replacement was acrimonious as well
40.
Robert Brackman
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Robert Brackman was an American artist and teacher of Ukrainian origin, best known for large figural works, portraits, and still lifes. Born in Odeska Oblast, Ukraine, he emigrated from the Russian Empire in 1908, Brackman studied at the National Academy of Design from 1919 to 1921, and the Ferrer School in San Francisco. From 1931, he had a career teaching at the Art Students League of New York where he was a life member. He also taught at the American Art School in New York City, the Brooklyn Museum School, the Lyme Academy College of Fine Arts, in 1932, Brackman was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full member in 1940. He painted a portrait of actress Jennifer Jones for use as a prop in the 1948 film Portrait of Jennie, the American artist Elaine Hamilton was a student of Brackman. and so was Itshak Holtz. Brackman was married to Rochelle Post, they later divorced and he had two daughters with his second wife. List of artists who created paintings and drawings for use in films Brackman exhibition catalogs containing lists of works, available from the Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries
41.
The Towering Inferno
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The Towering Inferno is a 1974 American action–drama disaster film produced by Irwin Allen featuring an all-star cast led by Paul Newman and Steve McQueen. The picture was directed by John Guillermin, the film was a critical success, earning a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Picture, and was the highest-grossing film released in 1974. The film was nominated for eight Oscars in all, winning three, architect Doug Roberts returns to San Francisco for the dedication of the Glass Tower, which he designed for James Duncan. At 138 stories, it is the worlds tallest building, an electrical short starts an undetected fire on the 81st floor. While Roberts accuses the buildings electrical engineer, Roger Simmons of cutting corners, during the dedication ceremony, public relations chief Dan Bigelow turns on the towers exterior lights to impress the guests. The lighting overloads the system and Roberts orders it shut off. Smoke is seen on the 81st floor and the San Francisco Fire Department is summoned, Roberts and engineer Will Giddings go to the 81st floor but fail to prevent a security guard opening a door, leading to a fire flash which results in Giddings being hospitalized. Roberts reports the fire to Duncan, who refuses to order an evacuation, ill-equipped firefighters arrive to tackle the blaze, which spreads out of control. SFFD Chief Michael OHalloran forces Duncan to evacuate the guests in the Promenade Room on the 135th floor, a guest, Lisolette Mueller, who is being wooed by con man Harlee Claiborne, rushes to the 87th floor to check on a young family. Simmons admits to Duncan that he cut corners, at a time when Duncan overbudgeted construction, Duncan, aided by Senator Parker and Mayor Ramsey, directs the elevator evacuation from the Promenade Room until the fire renders the express elevators unsafe. Not heeding Duncans directions, a group is killed when their elevator stops on the fires floor, the fire traps Bigelow and his secretary/mistress Lorrie in his 65th floor office, killing them. Senator Parker recommends using the stairs to escape, but the exit a couple of floors below the Promenande Room is blocked by a wheelbarrow full of hardened cement. Security Chief Harry Jernigan and Roberts rescue Mueller and the family from 87, Jernigan gets the mother out safely but Roberts, Mueller, and the two children are halted by a collapsed stairwell. They climb down the stairs but fire forces them up to the Promenade Room, with fire suppression efforts ineffective, the building loses electrical power and OHallorans men are forced to rappel down an elevator shaft. A rooftop rescue results in disaster as guests rush the helicopter, causing it to crash, setting the roof ablaze, naval rescue teams attach a breeches buoy to the adjacent Peerless Building and rescue a number of guests, including Patty Simmons, Duncans daughter. An explosion leaves the elevator hanging by a cable, where Mueller falls to her death. A Navy helicopter saves the rest by latching itself to the elevator, Simmons tells Duncan that he will use the breeches buoy next, but Duncan punches him, saying the men will draw numbers but he and his son-in-law will be the last to leave. The fire reaches the Promenade Room and Simmons forces his way onto the buoy, Parker is pushed to his death by Simmons
42.
Charles Bickford
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Charles Ambrose Bickford was an American actor best known for his strong supporting roles. He was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, for The Song of Bernadette, The Farmers Daughter, other notable roles include Whirlpool, A Star is Born and The Big Country. Bickford was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, during the first minute of 1891, the fifth of seven children, Charles was an intelligent but very independent and unruly child. He had a strong relationship with his maternal grandfather who was a powerful influence during his formative years. In his late teens he drifted aimlessly around the United States for a time, before breaking into acting he worked as a lumberjack, investment promoter, and for a short time, ran a pest extermination business. He was a stoker and fireman in the United States Navy when a friend dared him to get a job in Burlesque, Bickford served as an Engineer Lieutenant in the United States Army during World War I. His first entry into acting was on the stage, eventually including Broadway and this venue provided him with an occasional living and served as the principal training ground for developing his acting and vocal talents. DeMille and offered a contract with MGM studios to star in DeMilles first talking picture and he soon became a star after playing Greta Garbos lover in Anna Christie but never developed into a leading man. During the production of DeMilles Dynamite, he punched out his director following a string of heated arguments primarily, throughout his early career on both the stage and later films Bickford rejected numerous scripts and made no secret of his disdain for much of the material he was offered. Not surprisingly, his association with MGM was short-lived, with Bickford asking for, however, he soon found himself blacklisted at other studios, forcing him, 274-277 to take the highly unusual step of becoming an independent actor for several years. His career took another turn when in 1935 he was mauled by a lion, much preferring the character roles that now became his forte, Bickford appeared in many notable films, including The Farmers Daughter, Johnny Belinda, A Star is Born, and Not As a Stranger. Most often he played lovable father figures, stern businessmen, heavies, during the 1940s, he was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He served as host of the 1950s television series The Man Behind the Badge, on April 16,1958, Bickford appeared with Roger Smith in The Daniel Barrister Story on NBCs Wagon Train. In this first-season episode, Daniel Barrister, played by Bickford, objects to medical treatment for his wife, Jenny, meanwhile, Dr. Peter H. Culver, played by Smith, has successfully fought a smallpox epidemic in a nearby town. He is brought to the train by scout Flint McCullough, portrayed by series regular Robert Horton. Viewers never knew if Barrister yielded to allow Dr. Culver to treat Jenny, Bickford continued to act in generally prestigious projects right up to his death. He guest-starred on ABCs The Islanders and on NBCs The Barbara Stanwyck Show, in his final years, Bickford played rancher John Grainger, owner of the Shiloh Ranch, on NBCs The Virginian western series. Two of the actors most memorable late-career big-screen roles came in the western The Big Country and in the drama Days of Wine and Roses
43.
Walter Annenberg
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Walter Hubert Annenberg was an American publisher, philanthropist, and diplomat. He built up his family’s magazine business with success, extending it into radio. At Sunnylands, his estate near Palm Springs, California, he entertained royalty, presidents and he was US Ambassador to the UK from 1969 to 1974. A philanthropist, he was a trustee of the Eisenhower Fellowships and he is remembered for his media campaigns against the Barnes Foundation and the wish to relocate its art collection. Walter Annenberg was born to a Jewish family in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and he was the only son of Sadie Cecelia née Freedman and Moses Moe Louis Annenberg, who published the Daily Racing Form and purchased The Philadelphia Inquirer in 1936. Annenberg was a stutterer since childhood, the Annenberg family moved to Long Island, New York, in 1920, and Walter attended high school at the Peddie School in Hightstown, New Jersey, graduating in 1927. He dropped out of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, while in college, he was a member of Zeta Beta Tau, a traditionally Jewish fraternity. Annenberg was greatly affected by tax evasion charges and other scandals involving his father in the 1930s, a significant part of his adult life was dedicated to rehabilitating the familys name through philanthropy and public service. After his fathers death in 1942, Annenberg took over the family businesses and he bought additional print media as well as radio and television stations, resulting in great success. One of his most prominent successes was the creation of TV Guide in 1952, during the 1970s, TV Guide was making a $600,000 to $1,000,000 profit per week. While Annenberg ran his publishing empire as a business, he was not afraid to use it for his political purposes, one of his publications, The Philadelphia Inquirer, was influential in ridding Philadelphia of its largely corrupt city government in 1949. Shapp was highly critical of the merger of the Pennsylvania Railroad with the New York Central Railroad and was pushing the US Interstate Commerce Commission to prevent it from occurring. Annenberg, who was the biggest individual stockholder of the Pennsylvania Railroad, wanted to see the merger succeed, during a press conference, an Inquirer reporter asked Shapp if he had ever been a patient in a mental hospital. Never having been in one, Shapp simply said no, the next day, a five-column front page Inquirer headline read, Shapp Denies Mental Institution Stay. Shapp and others have attributed his loss of the election to Annenbergs newspaper, even while an active businessman, Annenberg had an interest in public service. In 1953 he became one of the trustees of Eisenhower Fellowships. After Richard M. Nixon was elected President, he appointed Annenberg as ambassador to the Court of St Jamess in the UK. In 1969, under pressure after the Shapp controversy, Annenberg sold The Inquirer and the Philadelphia Daily News, after being appointed as ambassador, he became quite popular in Britain, being made an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1976
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