1.
Hound Dog (song)
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Hound Dog is a twelve-bar blues song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. Thorntons recording of Hound Dog is listed as one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fames 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll, Hound Dog has been recorded more than 250 times. Presleys version, which sold about 10 million copies globally, was his best-selling song and an emblem of the rock n roll revolution. It was simultaneously No.1 on the US pop, country, and R&B charts in 1956, and it topped the pop chart for 11 weeks — a record that stood for 36 years. Presleys 1956 RCA recording was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1988, on August 12,1952, R&B bandleader Johnny Otis asked 19-year-old songwriters Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller to his home to meet blues singer Willie Mae Big Mama Thornton. Thornton had been signed by Diamond Don Robeys Houston-based Peacock Records the year before, after hearing Thornton rehearse several songs, Leiber and Stoller forged a tune to suit her personality—brusque and badass. In an interview in Rolling Stone in April 1990, Stoller said, She was a blues singer. But it was as much her appearance as her blues style influenced the writing of Hound Dog. Leiber recalled, We saw Big Mama and she knocked me cold and she looked like the biggest, baddest, saltiest chick you would ever see. And she was mean, a bear, as they used to call em. She must have been 350 pounds, and she had all these all over her face conveying words which could not be sung. But how to do it without saying it. And how to do it telling a story, I couldnt just have a song full of expletives. In 1999, Leiber said, I was trying to get something like the Furry Lewis phrase Dirty Mother Furya. I was looking for something closer to that but I couldnt find it, because everything I went for was too coarse, R&B expert George A. Moonoogian concurs, calling it a biting and scathing satire in the double-entendre genre of 1950s rhythm and blues. Said Leiber, Hound Dog took like twelve minutes, thats not a complicated piece of work. But the rhyme scheme was difficult, also the metric structure of the music was not easy. According to Leiber, as soon as they reached the parking lot and Stollers 1937 Plymouth and we got to Johnny Otiss house and Mike went right to the piano…didnt even bother to sit down
2.
Kansas City (Leiber and Stoller song)
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Kansas City is a rhythm and blues song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller in 1952. First recorded by Little Willie Littlefield the same year, the later became a #1 hit when it was recorded by Wilbert Harrison in 1959. Kansas City became one of Leiber and Stollers most recorded tunes, Kansas City was written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, two nineteen-year-old rhythm and blues fans from Los Angeles, who had their first success writing Charles Browns #7 R&B chart hit Hard Times. Neither had been to Kansas City, but were inspired by Big Joe Turner records, through a connection to producer Ralph Bass, they wrote Kansas City specifically for West Coast blues/R&B artist Little Willie Littlefield. They taught the song to Littlefield at Maxwell Davis house, who arranged and provided the tenor sax for the song, Littlefield recorded the song in Los Angeles in 1952, during his first recording session for Federal Records, a King Records subsidiary. Federals Ralph Bass changed the title to K. C, lovin, which he reportedly considered to sound hipper than Kansas City. Littlefields record had some success in parts of the U. S. in 1955 Little Richard recorded two rather different versions of Kansas City, on September,13, and on November,29. The first version, which was close to the original song, was released much later, in November 1970. The second version which had the name, but which had been substantially re-worked by Little Richard was released in March 1959 on The Fabulous Little Richard. Later this particular version has been covered by The Beatles, in 1956 Little Richard recorded his own song Hey-Hey-Hey-Hey, also known as Hey-Hey-Hey-Hey. Which turned out to be similar to a part of second version of Kansas City recorded six months earlier. So a new song had been introduced — it included most of the changes made by Little Richard to the version of Kansas City and got a new name and new writer. This song was released in January 1958 as B-side of Good Golly, Miss Molly, so it happened that the public perceived the song Hey-Hey-Hey-Hey as an earlier work than Kansas City and as its predecessor. This allowed Little Richard to claim co-authorship with respect to this version of the song. /KPM, formally, however, this song could hardly be called a medley, as by definition a medley is a piece composed from parts of existing pieces. Moreover, when Little Richard was recording Kansas City, the song Hey-Hey-Hey-Hey did not yet exist, in 1959, after several years of performing Littlefields K. C. Lovin, Wilbert Harrison decided to record the song, Kansas City was released on a single by Fury, catalog number 1023, later that year. Although the songs arrangement varied little from Littlefields, it such a solid shuffle groove that it was unforgettable, with inspired rhythm. Shortly after the release, several other versions appeared
3.
The Coasters
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The Coasters are an American rhythm and blues/rock and roll vocal group who had a string of hits in the late 1950s. Beginning with Searchin and Young Blood, their most memorable songs were written by the songwriting and producing team of Leiber and Stoller. Although the Coasters originated outside of mainstream doo-wop, their records were so frequently imitated that they became an important part of the legacy through the 1960s. The Coasters were formed in October 1955 as a spin-off of the Robins, the original Coasters were Gardner, Nunn, Billy Guy, Leon Hughes, and the guitarist Adolph Jacobs. Jacobs left the group in 1959, the songwriting team of Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller started Spark Records and in 1955 produced Smokey Joes Cafe for the Robins. The record was enough for Atlantic Records to offer Leiber and Stoller an independent production contract to produce the Robins for Atlantic. Only two of the Robins—Gardner and Nunn—were willing to make the move to Atlantic, recording their first songs in the studio as the Robins had done. In late 1957, the moved to New York and replaced Nunn and Hughes with Cornell Gunter. The new quartet was then on stationed in New York. The Coasters association with Leiber and Stoller was an immediate success, together they created a string of good-humored storytelling hits that are some of the most entertaining from the original era of rock and roll. According to Leiber and Stoller, getting the humor to come through on the records often required more recording takes than for a musical number. Their first single, Down In Mexico, was an R&B hit in 1956, the following year, the Coasters crossed over to the pop chart in a big way with the double-sided Young Blood/Searchin. Searchin was the groups first U. S, Top 10 hit and topped the R&B chart for 13 weeks, becoming the biggest R&B single of 1957. Yakety Yak, featuring King Curtis on tenor saxophone, included the famous lineup of Gardner, Guy, Jones, and Gunter, the next single, Charlie Brown, reached number 2 on both charts. It was followed by Along Came Jones, Poison Ivy, changing popular tastes and a changes in the groups lineup contributed to a lack of hits in the 1960s. During this time, Billy Guy was also working on solo projects, later members included Earl Speedo Carroll, Ronnie Bright, Jimmy Norman, and guitarist Thomas Curley Palmer. The Coasters signed with Columbia Records Date label in 1966, reuniting with Leiber and Stoller, but never regained their former fame. In 1971, the Coasters had a chart entry with Love Potion Number Nine
4.
Searchin'
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Searchin is a song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller specifically for The Coasters. It was released as a single on Atco Records in March 1957 and it reached #3 on the national pop singles chart. Although the Coasters had previously done well on the R&B charts, it was Searchin that sparked the groups rock, singer/songwriter Paul McCartney chose Searchin as one of his Desert Island Discs in 1982. McCartney performed the song with The Beatles during their audition for Decca Records on 1 January 1962, the song is featured in the 1999 Warner Bros. animated movie, The Iron Giant, the musical revue Smokey Joes Cafe, and the 1999 biographical film October Sky. The lyrics, written by Leiber, use vernacular phrasing, the plot revolves around the singers determination to find his love wherever she may be, even if he must resort to detective work. The vocals of the Coasters lead singer Billy Guy are raw, driving the song is a pounding piano rhythm of two bass notes alternating on every second beat. The song has been covered by The Beatles, the Grateful Dead, Skip Battin, The Hollies, The Kingsmen, Wanda Jackson, Billy Lee Riley, Neil Sedaka, jim Croce included a version of the song in his chart hit Chain Gang Medley. The Muppets also covered it in the first season of The Muppet Show, while Buck Owens, the page for Searchin on Allmusic
5.
Yakety Yak
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This song was one of a string of singles released by The Coasters between 1957 and 1959 that dominated the charts, one of the biggest performing acts of the rock and roll era. The song is a playlet, a word Stoller used for the glimpses into teenage life that characterized the songs Leiber and Stoller wrote and produced. The lyrics describe the listing of household chores to a kid, presumably a teenager, the teenagers response, Leiber has said the Coasters portrayed a white kid’s view of a black person’s conception of white society. The group was openly theatrical in style—they were not pretending to be expressing their own experience. The threatened punishment for not taking out the garbage and sweeping the floor is, in the humorous lyrics, You aint gonna rock and roll no more, And the refrain is, Yakety yak. Carnival of Sound was not released until 2010, Alvin and the Chipmunks recorded a version for the 1987 Alvin and the Chipmunks episode Daves Dream Cabin. The song has also been mixed & recorded by 2 Live Crew for the 1988 movie Twins, in the same film, Julius sings along, with hilarious results, as the song plays in his earphones while flying to the United States. The song is sung by the Coasters in the 1988 horror-comedy Phantom of the Ritz which the group makes a cameo appearance. It has also served as the theme to Clive Andersons chat-show Clive Anderson Talks Back during the 1990s and it was the inspiration and theme song for the 2002-2003 Canadian/Australian animated series, Yakkity Yak. A modified version, Yakety Yak, Take it Back, was used in a 1990 all-star PSA for the Take It Back Foundation, a childrens picture book, Yakety Yak. with illustrations by Simon Beck was published in 2013. The song is acted out by a family of anthropomorphic yaks, the song was parodied for use in adverts for Radox bath soak and McCain Micro Chips in the 1980s and 1990s respectively. The song name was used for the name of Ubuntu 16.10. Phantom Planet covered this song for the soundtrack of the 1999 film Mumford, List of number-one R&B singles of 1958 List of number-one singles of 1958 Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
6.
The Drifters
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The Drifters are a long-lasting American doo-wop and R&B/soul vocal group. They were originally formed to serve as a group for Clyde McPhatter in 1953. According to Rolling Stone magazine, the Drifters were the least stable of the vocal groups, as they were low-paid musicians hired by George Treadwell. There have been 60 vocalists in the history of the Treadwell Drifters line and these groups are usually identified with a possessive credit such as Bill Pinkneys Original Drifters, Charlie Thomas Drifters, etc. There were three Golden eras of the Drifters, the early 1950s, the 1960s, and the early 1970s, from these, the first Drifters, formed by Clyde McPhatter, was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame as The Drifters. The second Drifters, featuring Ben E. King, was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame as Ben E. King. In their induction, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame selected four members from the first Drifters, two from the second Drifters, and one from the post-Atlantic Drifters. According to the Vocal Group Hall of Fame, Through turmoil and changes, matching that feat, subsequent formations of the Drifters recorded 13 Billboard Hot 100 top 30 chart hits. To many fans and historians, The Drifters means Clyde McPhatter, McPhatter was lead tenor for Billy Ward and His Dominoes for three years, starting in 1950. It was McPhatters high-pitched tenor that was responsible for the Dominoes success. In 1953, Ahmet Ertegün of Atlantic Records attended a Dominoes performance at Birdland and noticed Clyde wasnt present, as Jerry Wexler recalls, Ahmet exited Birdland like a shot and headed directly uptown. He raced from bar to bar looking for Clyde and finally found him in a furnished room and that very night, Ahmet reached an agreement with McPhatter under which Clyde would assemble a group of his own. They became known as the Drifters, wanting to blend gospel and secular sounds, Clydes first effort was to get members of his old church group, the Mount Lebanon Singers. They were William Chick Anderson, Charlie White, David Baldwin, James Wrinkle Johnson, after a single recording session of four songs on June 29,1953, Ertegün realized that this combination didnt work and had McPhatter recruit another lineup. McPhatter was barely known during his time with the Dominoes, and he was passed off as Clyde Ward. In other instances people assumed it was Billy Ward doing the singing, money Honey was a huge success and propelled the Drifters to immediate fame. More lineup changes followed, after Ferbee was involved in an accident and left the group, Adams was replaced by Jimmy Oliver. However, Ferbee was not replaced, instead, the parts were shifted around
7.
There Goes My Baby (The Drifters song)
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There Goes My Baby is a song written by Ben E. King, Lover Patterson, George Treadwell, Jerry Leiber, and Mike Stoller, and produced by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller for The Drifters. This was the first single by the incarnation of the Drifters. Leiber and Stoller used a different approach to production than Ahmet Ertegun. The Atlantic Records release was Kings debut recording as lead singer of the group, the song was included in the musical revue Smokey Joes Cafe. The lyrics are structured, almost free-form at a time when rhyming lines were mandatory. The accompaniment features a violin section playing saxophone-like riffs in rock, the lead voice is in high gospel-style. Whoa-oh-oh-oh-oh Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah Whoa-oh-oh-oh Yeah and this recording introduced the idea of using strings, a Brazilian baion and elaborate production values on an R&B recording to enhance the emotional power of black music. This pointed the way to the era of soul music as the popularity of the doo-wop vocal groups peaked and faded. Phil Spector studied this model under Leiber and Stoller. In 2010, the song is ranked #196 on Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, the song has been covered by many artists, including Jay and the Americans. Donna Summers version of There Goes My Baby was the first single from her 1984 album Cats Without Claws, the single became a moderate hit, peaking at #21 on the US Hot 100, and in the top twenty of the US R&B chart. It also peak #15 in Spain Radio chart, the video was played in heavy rotation on the MTV network, showing MTVs continued support of Summer as an artist. With this single, Summer earned her nineteenth - and second to last - US Top 40 hit, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
8.
Phil Spector
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He is acknowledged as one of the most influential figures in pop music history. Spectors other chart-topping singles include Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin, The Long and Winding Road, from 2007 to 2009, Spector was the subject of a trial and retrial for the 2003 murder of actress Lana Clarkson, of which he was convicted in the second degree. He is serving a sentence of 19 years to life. In 2008, The Washington Times named Spector the second greatest record producer in music history, in 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him #63 on their list of the Greatest Artists of All Time. In their 2003 list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, they included the Spector-produced Presenting the Fabulous Ronettes, A Christmas Gift for You, according to BMI, Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin is the song that received the most US airplay in the 20th century. For co-producing Harrisons Concert for Bangladesh, Spector earned the Grammy Award for Album of the Year, in 1989, Spector was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a nonperformer. In 1997, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, harvey Phillip Spector was born on December 26,1939 to a first-generation immigrant Jewish family in the Bronx, New York City. His father, Ben, was an ironworker from Russia with the surname Spekter, Spectors father committed suicide on April 20,1949. In 1953, his mother moved the family to Los Angeles where she found work as a seamstress, having learned to play guitar, Spector performed Rock Island Line in a talent show at Fairfax High School, where he was a student. With three friends from school, Marshall Leib, Sandy Nelson, and Annette Kleinbard, Spector formed a group. During this period, record producer Stan Ross — co-owner of Gold Star Studios in Hollywood — began to tutor Spector in record production, in 1958, the Teddy Bears recorded the Spector-penned Dont You Worry My Little Pet, which helped them secure a deal with Era Records. At their next session, they recorded another song Spector had written—this one inspired by the epitaph on Spectors fathers tombstone. Released on Eras subsidiary label, Dore Records, To Know Him Is to Love Him reached number one on Billboard Hot 100 singles chart on December 1,1958 and it was the seventh number-one single on the newly formed chart. Following the success of their debut, the signed with Imperial Records. Their next single, I Dont Need You Anymore, reached number 91 and they released several more recordings, including an album, The Teddy Bears Sing. But failed to reach the top 100 in US sales, after the split, Spectors career quickly moved from performing and songwriting to production. While recording the Teddy Bears album, Spector had met Lester Sill and his next project, the Spectors Three, was undertaken under the aegis of Sill and his partner, Lee Hazlewood. In 1960, Sill arranged for Spector to work as an apprentice to Leiber and Stoller in New York, Ronnie Crawford would become Spector’s first true recording artist and project as producer
9.
Elvis Presley
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Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
10.
Jailhouse Rock (song)
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Jailhouse Rock is a song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller that first became a hit for Elvis Presley. The song was released as an RCA Victor 45rpm single on September 24,1957, to coincide with the release of Presleys motion picture, Jailhouse Rock. The song as recorded by Presley is #67 on Rolling Stones list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and was named one of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fames 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. In 2004, it finished at #21 on AFIs 100 Years.100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema, on 27 November 2016, the Grammy Hall of Fame announced its induction, along with that of another 24 songs. The film version differs from the version of the song, featuring backing instrumentation. Some of the named in the song are real people. Shifty Henry was a well-known LA musician, not a criminal, the Purple Gang was a real mob. Sad Sack was a U. S. Army nickname in World War II for a loser, according to Rolling Stone, Leiber and Stollers theme song for Presleys third movie was decidedly silly, the kind of tongue-in-cheek goof they had come up with for The Coasters. The King, however, sang it as straight rock & roll, overlooking the jokes in the lyrics and then introducing Scotty Moores guitar solo with a cry so intense that the take almost collapses. Gender studies scholars cite the song for its famous reference to homoerotics behind bars, while music critic Garry Mulholland writes, Jailhouse Rock was always a queer lyric, douglas Brode writes of the filmed production number that its amazing that the sequence passed by the censors. The single, with its B-side Treat Me Nice was a US #1 hit for seven weeks in the fall of 1957, and it was the first record to enter the UK charts at No.1. In addition, Jailhouse Rock spent one week at the top of the US country charts, and reached the No.2 position on the R&B chart. Also in 1957, Jailhouse Rock was the song in an EP, together with other songs from the film, namely Young and Beautiful, I Want to be Free, Dont Leave Me Now. It topped the Billboard EP charts, eventually selling two million copies and earning a double-platinum RIAA certification. In 2005, the song was re-released in the UK and reached No.1 for a week, when it became the lowest-selling number 1 in UK history. The Beatles regularly performed Jailhouse Rock starting in 1958 and continuing all the way through 1960 with John Lennon on lead vocal, quarryman Len Garry states that the group actually started performing the song in 1957. It is the last song in the motion picture The Blues Brothers, the song is featured in the 1995 film Casper and the 2006 animated television film Leroy & Stitch. American Idol Season 5 contestant Taylor Hicks performed it on May 9,2006, in an episode of Full House, Jesse and Becky sing this song at their wedding reception
11.
Loving You (album)
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Loving You is the third studio album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, issued on RCA Victor Records in mono, LPM1515, in July 1957. Recording sessions took place on January 15,16,17, and 18,1957, at the Paramount Pictures Scoring Stage, and on January 12,13,19 and these are the first sessions where Steve Sholes is officially listed as producer. It spent ten weeks at No.1 on the Billboard Top Pop Albums chart and it was certified Gold on April 9,1968 by the Recording Industry Association of America. An eighth song intended for but not appearing in the movie, Dont Leave Me Now, was included on the album, and a new recording would appear on the soundtrack for his next film, Jailhouse Rock. The previously released material comprises both sides of the single taken from the soundtrack, Presleys number one hit Teddy Bear backed with the title track. Wallis liked Teddy Bear so much that he insisted it be included in the movie, songs were added to bring up the running time of the album, including the swing-era favorite Blueberry Hill, which had been a big hit for Fats Domino in 1956. Have I Told You Lately That I Love You, had been done previously by the Sons of the Pioneers, as well as Bing Crosby with The Andrews Sisters. RCA reissued the original 12-track album on disc in 1988. The album was reissued in an expanded CD edition on April 15,1997, on January 11,2005, Sony BMG reissued the album again, remastered using DSD technology with the six bonus tracks appended in standard fashion. A two-disc set was released on the Follow That Dream collectors label on January 12,2006, with the bonus tracks, Loving You was issued on CD with the originally albums 12 songs plus the following bonus tracks, Disc 1 Disc 2 The February 14 Session 1-12. Loving You Loving You Special Edition FTD CD Information, http, //shop. elvis. com. au/prod1295. htm LPM-1515 Loving You Guide part of the The Elvis Presley Record Research Database
12.
Don't (Elvis Presley song)
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Dont is a song performed by Elvis Presley, which was released in 1958. Written and produced by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, it was Presleys eleventh number-one hit in the United States, dont also peaked at number four on the R&B charts. Billboard ranked it as the No.3 song for 1958, the song was included in the musical revue Smokey Joes Cafe, as a medley with Love Me. Elvis Presley – lead vocals Scotty Moore – electric guitar Bill Black – double bass D. J
13.
King Creole (album)
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King Creole is the sixth album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, issued by RCA Victor, LPM1884 in mono in September 1958, recorded in four days at Radio Recorders in Hollywood. It contains songs written and recorded expressly for the 1958 film of the same name starring Presley and it followed the films release by over ten weeks. It was certified Gold on July 15,1999 by the Recording Industry Association of America, presleys performance of Trouble in the film alludes to Muddy Waters and Bo Diddley, he would return to the song for his tremendously successful 1968 television comeback special. The songs Hard Headed Woman and Dont Ask Me Why appeared as two sides of a single on July 10,1958, to coincide with the release of the film. Hard Headed Woman, the A-side, and Dont Ask Me Why both made the pop chart, peaking at number one and number 25 respectively. RCA first issued the original 11-track album on disc in 1988. Track 3 was originally issued on the LP Elvis, A Legendary Performer Volume 3 in December,1978, lPM-1884 King Creole Guide part of the The Elvis Presley Record Research Database LSP-1884 King Creole Guide part of the The Elvis Presley Record Research Database
14.
On Broadway (song)
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On Broadway is a song written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil in collaboration with the team of Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. The song was played as a shuffle, when Leiber/Stoller let it be known that the Drifters had booked studio time for the following day and were a song short, Mann/Weil forwarded On Broadway. A young Phil Spector played the lead guitar solo on The Drifters recording. The instrumental arrangement was written by noted arranger Gary Sherman, disco Tex and the Sex-O-Lettes released a version of the song on their 1977 album, A Piece of the Rock. George Bensons version of On Broadway from his 1978 album Weekend in L. A. hit #7 on the Billboard Hot 100, Bensons version also has had substantial adult contemporary and smooth jazz radio airplay ever since. It won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance, the song appeared in the films Big Business and American Beauty. Bensons performance of the song was used in the 1979 film All That Jazz in a sequence that featured dancers on stage auditioning for a similar to Chicago. Benson also performed On Broadway with Clifford and the Rhythm Rats for the 1994 Muppet album Kermit Unpigged, british electro pioneer Gary Numan began performing the song on his 1979 tour, which was later released on the live album Living Ornaments 79. A studio recording was made and has appeared on several Numan compilation albums. Argentinian group Serú Girán referenced the songs melody — played by the fretless bass — in their track Canción de Hollywood from their 1979 album, neil Young made a version of the song on his album Freedom in 1989. The song was included in the musical revue Smokey Joes Cafe, an instrumental version of the song was used in the film American Beauty during the Spartanettes dance scene. Paul Shaffer presented a video with the song on one of the final episodes of the Late Show with David Letterman. The video featured cameos from Lorne Michaels, Martin Short, Andrea Martin, David Sanborn, American composer and producer Kramer covered the song and included it on his sixth album The Brill Building, released in 2012 by Tzadik Records. Jennifer Hudson and Katharine McPhee performed the song in 2013 for the two premiere of the television series Smash, also called On Broadway. It is featured in the Carole King musical Beautiful, which tells the story of Carole and her friends Cynthia and Barry, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
15.
Barry Mann
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Barry Mann is an American songwriter, and part of a successful songwriting partnership with his wife, Cynthia Weil. He has written or co-written 53 hits in the UK and 98 in the US, Mann was born to a Jewish family on February 9,1939 in Brooklyn, New York City. His first successful song as a writer was She Say, a Top 20 chart-scoring song composed for the band the Diamonds in 1959, Mann co-wrote the song with Mike Anthony. In 1961, Mann had his greatest success to that point with I Love How You Love Me, written with Larry Kolber and a no.5 scoring single for the band the Paris Sisters. The same year, Mann himself reached the Top 40 as a performer with a novelty song co-written with Gerry Goffin, Who Put the Bomp, as of May 2009, Manns song catalog lists 635 songs. He has received 56 popular music, country, and Rhythm&Blues awards from Broadcast Music Incorporated, the song Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin, co-written with Weil and Phil Spector, was the most played song of the 20th century, with more than 14 million plays. Mann has composed songs for movies, most notably Somewhere Out There, co-written with Weil and James Horner, Somewhere Out There would win two 1987 Grammy Awards, as Song of the Year and Best Song Written for a Motion Picture or Television. Somewhere Out There was also nominated for a 1986 Oscar as best song, Manns other movie work includes the scores for I Never Sang for My Father and Muppet Treasure Island, and songs for National Lampoons Christmas Vacation and Oliver and Company. Mann co-wrote, with Dan Hill, the song Sometimes When We Touch, in 1987, Mann and Weil were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2011, they received the Johnny Mercer Award, the greatest honor from the Songwriters Hall of Fame, Mann and Weil were named among the 2010 recipients of Ahmet Ertegun Award from the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Mann and Weil now operate a company named Dyad Music. Mann married Cynthia Weil in August 1961 and they have one daughter, Dr. Jenn Mann. They reside in Beverly Hills, California, blame It on the Bossa Nova – Eydie Gorme. Brown Eyed Woman – Bill Medley, Christmas Vacation – movie title song. Coldest Night of the Year – Twice As Much featuring Vashti Bunyan, dont Know Much – Aaron Neville and Linda Ronstadt. Dont Make My Baby Blue – The Shadows, The Move, good Time Living – Three Dog Night. Heart – Kenny Chandler, Wayne Newton, Here You Come Again – Dolly Parton. Hes Sure the Boy I Love – The Crystals, how Can I Tell Her Its Over – Andy Williams
16.
Cynthia Weil
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Cynthia Weil is a prominent American songwriter. She is famous for having written songs together with her husband Barry Mann. Weil was born in New York City, and was raised in a Conservative Jewish family. Her father was Morris Weil, a store owner and the son of Lithuanian Jewish immigrants, and her mother was Dorothy Mendez. Weil trained as an actress and dancer, but soon demonstrated an ability that led to her collaboration with Barry Mann. The couple has one daughter, Dr Jenn Mann, AKA Dr. Jenn, Weil became one of the Brill Building songwriters of the 1960s, and one of the most important writers during the emergence of rock and roll. She and her went on to create songs for many contemporary artists. As their Rock and Roll Hall of Fame biography put it, in part, Mann, epic ballads to outright rockers placed an emphasis on meaningful lyrics in their songwriting. Tackled segregation and racism, making it too controversial for the Drifters. We Gotta Get Out of This Place, became an anthem for Vietnam soldier, antiwar protesters, and young people who viewed it as an anthem of greater opportunities. In 1987, she was inducted with her husband, Mann, in 2004, Mann and Weils They Wrote That. A musical revue based on their songs, opened in New York, in it, Mann sang and Weil related stories about the songs and their personal history. Weil and Mann were named among the 2010 recipients of Ahmet Ertegun Award from the Rock, from the bottom of my heart and with the greatest humility, Ms. Weil said in her acceptance, I thought you guys would never ask. Eric Burdon of the Animals and Ronnie Spector of the Ronettes performed at the ceremony, in 2011 Mann and Weil received the Johnny Mercer Award—the highest honor from the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2015, Weil published her first novel, Im Glad I Did It, sweet Survivor - Peter, Paul, and Mary - written with Peter Yarrow, from the LP Reunion,1978. As of 2010, the Righteous Brothers rendition was radios most-played song of all time, audio interview with Cynthia Weil and Barry Mann on the Sodajerker on Songwriting podcast Cynthia Weil biography at Allmusic website Cynthia Weil at the Internet Movie Database
17.
Stand by Me (song)
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Stand by Me is a song originally performed by American singer-songwriter Ben E. King, written by King, Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. According to King, the title is derived and was inspired by a spiritual composition by Sam Cooke called Stand by Me Father. This spiritual was sung by the Soul Stirrers with Johnnie Taylor singing lead, the third line of the second verse of Stand by Me derives from Psalms 46, 2c. There have been over 400 recorded versions of Stand by Me performed by many artists, the song has been featured on the soundtrack of the 1986 film Stand by Me. A music video was released to promote the film. In 2012 it was estimated that the royalties had topped £17 million. 50% of the royalties were paid to King, later in the year the 2015 line up of the Drifters covered the song in tribute to King. According to the documentary History of Rock n Roll, Ben E. King had no intention of recording the song himself, King had written it for the Drifters, who passed on recording it. After the Spanish Harlem recording session, he had some time left over. The sessions producers, Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, asked if he had any more songs, King played Stand by Me on the piano for them. They liked it and called the studio back in to record it. Stoller recalls it differently, I remember arriving at our office as Jerry, King had the beginnings of a melody that he was singing a cappella. I went to the piano and worked up the harmonies, developing a bass pattern that became the signature of the song, Ben and Jerry quickly finished the lyrics. In another interview, Stoller said, Ben E. had the beginnings of a song—both words and he worked on the lyrics together with Jerry, and I added elements to the music, particularly the bass line. To some degree, its based on a song called Lord Stand By Me. I have a feeling that Jerry and Ben E. were inspired by it, Ben, of course, had a strong background in church music. Hes a 50% writer on the song, and Jerry and I are 25% each, when I walked in, Jerry and Ben E. were working on the lyrics to a song. They were at an old oak desk we had in the office, Jerry was sitting behind it, and Benny was sitting on the top
18.
Ben E. King
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Benjamin Earl King, known as Ben E. King, was an American soul and R&B singer and record producer. He was perhaps best known as the singer and co-composer of Stand by Me—a US Top 10 hit, both in 1961 and later in 1986, a one hit in the UK in 1987. King was born, with the name of Benjamin Earl Nelson, on September 28,1938, in Henderson, North Carolina. King began singing in choirs, and in high school formed the Four B’s. In 1958, King joined a group called the Five Crowns. Later that year, the Drifters manager George Treadwell fired the members of the original Drifters, King had a string of R&B hits with the group on Atlantic Records. He co-wrote and sang lead on the first Atlantic hit by the new version of the Drifters, There Goes My Baby. He also sang lead on a succession of hits by the team of Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman, including Save the Last Dance for Me, This Magic Moment, and I Count the Tears. King recorded only thirteen songs with the Drifters—two backing other lead singers, the last of the King-led Drifters singles to be released was Sometimes I Wonder, which was recorded May 19,1960, but not issued until June 1962. Due to contract disputes with Treadwell in which King and his manager, Lover Patterson, demanded greater compensation, on television, fellow Drifters member Charlie Thomas usually lip-synched the songs that King had recorded with the Drifters. In May 1960, King left the Drifters, assuming the stage name Ben E. King in preparation for a solo career, remaining with Atlantic Records on its Atco imprint, King scored his first solo hit with the ballad Spanish Harlem. His next single, Stand by Me, written with Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, King cited singers Brook Benton, Roy Hamilton and Sam Cooke as influences for his vocals of the song. In the summer of 1963, King had a Top 30 hit with I, kings records continued to place well on the Billboard Hot 100 chart until 1965. British pop bands began to dominate the pop scene, but King still continued to make R&B hits. Tears, Tears, Tears, and Supernatural Thing, a 1986 re-issue of Stand by Me followed the songs use as the theme song to the movie Stand By Me and re-entered the Billboard Top Ten after a 25-year absence. This reissue also reached Number 1 in the United Kingdom and Ireland for three weeks in February 1987. In 1990, King and Bo Diddley, along with Doug Lazy, King performed Stand by Me on the Late Show with David Letterman in 2007. Ahmet Ertegun said, King is one of the greatest singers in the history of rock and roll and rhythm and blues
19.
Doc Pomus
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Jerome Solon Felder, known as Doc Pomus, was an American blues singer and songwriter. He is best known as the lyricist of rock and roll hits. Pomus was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a non-performer in 1992, the Songwriters Hall of Fame, born Jerome Solon Felder in 1925 in Brooklyn, New York, he was a son of Jewish immigrants. Felder became a fan of the blues after hearing a Big Joe Turner record, having had polio as a boy, he walked with the help of crutches. Later, due to post-polio syndrome, exacerbated by an accident and his brother is New York attorney Raoul Felder. Using the stage name Doc Pomus, teenager Felder began performing as a blues singer and his stage name was not inspired by anyone in particular, he just thought it sounded better for a blues singer than the name Jerry Felder. Gigging at various clubs in and around New York City, Pomus often performed with the likes of Milt Jackson, Mickey Baker, Pomus recorded approximately 40 sides as a singer in the 40s and 50s for record companies such as Chess, Apollo, Gotham and others. His first big songwriting break came when he chanced upon the Coasters version of his Young Blood on a jukebox while on their honeymoon, Pomus wrote the song, then gave it to Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, who radically rewrote it. Still, Doc had co-credit as author, and he received a royalty check for $2500.00. By 1957, Pomus had given up performing for full-time songwriting and he collaborated with pianist Mort Shuman, whom he met when Shuman was dating Docs younger cousin, to write for Hill & Range Music Co. /Rumbalero Music at its offices in New York Citys Brill Building. Pomus asked Shuman to write with him because Doc didnt then know much about rock and roll and their songwriting efforts had Pomus write the lyrics and Shuman the melody, although often they worked on both. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, Pomus wrote several songs with Phil Spector, Mike Stoller and Jerry Leiber, Pomus also wrote Lonely Avenue, a 1956 hit for Ray Charles. Doc Pomus, conceived by Pomus daughter Sharyn Felder, directed by filmmaker Peter Miller, edited by Amy Linton and produced by Felder, Hechter and Miller, Pomus died on March 14,1991 from lung cancer, at the age of 65 at NYU medical center in Manhattan. Together with Shuman and individually, Pomus was a key figure in the development of popular music, Pomus was elected to the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 1991 he was the first non-African-American recipient of the Rhythm, Ray Charles did the honors via a pre-recorded message. The funk band Cameo was heavily influenced by Doc Pomus song-writing style, longtime friend jazz singer Jimmy Scott performed at Pomus funeral, which performance singularly resurrected his career. Other attendees included Seymour Stein, who subsequently signed Scott to Sire Records, and Lou Reed, Pomus had been imploring his friends to see Scott play for many years. The song Docs Blues was written as a tribute to Pomus by his close friend, the lyrics originally appeared in Vachss’1990 novel Blossom
20.
Red Bird Records
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Red Bird Records was a record label founded by American pop music songwriters Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller, and George Goldner in 1964. Though often thought of as a label, female-led acts made up only 40% of the artist roster on Red Bird. However, female-led acts also accounted for more than 90% of the labels charting records. The labels first release was Chapel of Love by the Dixie Cups, which reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Eleven of the first 30 singles released by Red Bird reached the Top Forty and they used the skillful Brill Building husband-and-wife songwriting team of Jeff Barry and Ellie Greenwich, who had been writing most of Phil Spectors first hits. Leiber and Stoller sold Red Bird to Goldner for one dollar, Goldner then sold the Red Bird catalogue to raise money. A subsidiary label, Blue Cat Records, had a hit with The Boy from New York City by The Ad Libs
21.
Girl group
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A girl group is a music act featuring several female singers who generally harmonize together. All-female bands, in which also play instruments, are usually considered a separate phenomenon. These groups are sometimes called girl bands to differentiate, although this terminology is not universally followed, with the advent of the music industry and radio broadcasting, a number of girl groups emerged, such as the Andrews Sisters. The late 1950s saw the emergence of all-female singing groups as a force, with 750 distinct girl groups releasing songs that reached US. The Supremes alone held 12 number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 during the height of the wave, in later eras, the girl group template would be applied to disco, contemporary R&B, and country-based formats, as well as pop. A more globalized music industry saw the popularity of dance-oriented pop music led by major record labels. This emergence, led by the US, UK, South Korea, also, since the late 2000s, South Korea has had a significant impact, with 8 of the top 10 girl groups by digital sales in the world originating there. The ladies were together from 1923 until the early 1940s, and known for their harmonies, as well as barbershop style or novelty tunes. The Three X Sisters were also especially a notable addition to the music scene, the Boswell Sisters, who became one of the most popular singing groups from 1930 to 1936, had over twenty hits. The Andrews Sisters had musical hits across multiple genres, which contributed to the prevalence, the rise of girl groups appeared out of and was influenced by other musical movements of the time period. Importantly, the first successful girl groups of this era were typically white and this era was also advantageous to the beginnings of girl group music because of the newfound prevalence of the radio as well, which allowed this style of music to spread. Also, the Lennon Sisters were a mainstay on the Lawrence Welk Show from 1955 on, in early 1956, doo-wop one-hit wonder acts like the Bonnie Sisters with Cry Baby and the Teen Queens with Eddie My Love showed early promise for a departure from traditional pop harmonies. With Mr. Lee, the Bobbettes lasted for 5 1/2 months on the charts in 1957, building momentum and gaining acceptance of all-female. However, it was the Chantels 1958 song Maybe that became arguably, the mixture of black doo-wop, rock and roll, and white pop was appealing to a teenage audience and grew from scandals involving payola and the perceived social effects of rock music. However, early groups such as the Chantels started developing their groups musical capacities traditionally, through mediums like Latin, the Shirelles solidified their success with five more top 10 hits, most particularly 1962s number one hit Soldier Boy, over the next two and a half years. Motown would mastermind several major groups, including Martha and the Vandellas, the Velvelettes. Other songwriters and producers in the US and UK quickly recognized the potential of new approach. Phil Spector recruited the Crystals, the Blossoms, and the Ronettes, while Goffin, phil Spector made a huge impact on the ubiquity of the girl group, as well as bringing fame and notoriety to new heights for many girl groups
22.
Brill Building
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It is famous for housing music industry offices and studios where some of the most popular American music tunes were written. The building is 11 stories and has approximately 175,000 square feet of rentable area, originally named after the son of its builder, Abraham E. Lefcourt, the Brill name comes from a haberdasher who operated a store at street level and subsequently bought the building. The Brill Building was purchased by 1619 Broadway Realty LLC in June 2013 and is undergoing a significant renovation, even before World War II it became a center of activity for the popular music industry, especially music publishing and songwriting. Scores of music publishers had offices in the Brill Building, once songs had been published, the publishers sent song pluggers to the popular bands and radio stations. These song pluggers would sing and/or play the song for the leaders to encourage bands to play their music. During the ASCAP strike of 1941, many of the composers, authors and publishers turned to pseudonyms in order to have their songs played on the air, youd sit there and write and you could hear someone in the next cubby hole composing a song exactly like yours. The pressure in the Brill Building was really terrific—because Donny would play one songwriter against another, hed say, We need a new smash hit—and wed all go back and write a song and the next day wed each audition for Bobby Vees producer. In the Brill Building practice, there were no more unpredictable or rebellious singers, in fact and these songs were written to order by pros who could custom fit the music and lyrics to the targeted teen audience. Some recorded and had hits with their own music, bass, George Duvivier, Milt Hinton, Russ Savakus, Bob Bushnell, Joe Macho Jr, Al Lucas, Dick Romoff, James Tyrell, Jimmy Lewis, Lloyd Trotman, Wendell Marshal, Chuck Rainey. Trombone, Jimmy Cleveland, Frank Saracco, Benny Powell, Wayne Andre, Tony Studd, Micky Gravine, Urbie Green, Frank Rehak. Trumpet, Jimmy Nottingham, Ernie Royal, Jimmy Maxwell, Bernie Glow, Irwin Marky Markowitz, Jimmy Sedlar, Dud Bascomb, Lammar Wright Jr, Burt Collins, percussion, George Devens, Phil Kraus, Bobby Rosengarden, Willie Rodriguez, Martin Grupp. Many of these came to prominence while under contract to Aldon Music. Aldon was not initially located in the Brill Building, but rather, a number of Brill Building writers worked at 1650 Broadway, and the building continued to house record labels throughout the decades. Toni Wine explains, There were really two huge buildings that were housing publishing companies, songwriters, record labels, and artists. But truthfully, most of your R&B, really rock & roll labels and publishing companies, including the studio and they were probably a block and a half away from each other. The 1996 movie Grace of My Heart is in parts a fictionalized account of the life in the Brill Building, illeana Douglas plays a songwriter loosely based on Carole King. Similarly, Broadway musical Beautiful depicts Kings early career, including her songwriting at 1650 Broadway, in Sweet Smell of Success, J. J. Hunsecker and his sister Susie live on one of the floors of the Brill Building
23.
Songwriters Hall of Fame
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It not only celebrates these established songwriters, but is also involved on the development of new songwriting talent through workshops, showcases and scholarships. There are many programs designed to teach and discover new songwriters, the Hall of Fame only existed as an online virtual collection until 2010, when it was first put on display as a physical gallery inside The Grammy Museum in Los Angeles. With an under-construction basement installation at the Brill Building in New York, the Hall doesnt have a permanent place, through 2010,383 individuals had been inducted into the SHOF. The British rock band Queen was the first band to be inducted in 2003, the American singer Lady Gaga was the first artist ever to win the award. 2015 – Lady Gaga The Hal David Starlight Award honors young artists who have made an impression on the music industry. It goes to writers already inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame for having established a history of outstanding creative works and he was later director of ASCAP, and a founder of the Songwriters Hall of Fame which, in 1983, named the Abe Olman Publisher Award. In his honor, the Abe Olman Scholarship is given out each year by his family in the interest of encouraging and supporting the careers of young songwriters, the Holly Prize is administered and juried by the SongHall
24.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a hall of fame and museum located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the hall of fames permanent home.8 billion, the Foundation began inducting artists in 1986, but the Hall of Fame still had no home. The search committee considered several cities, including Philadelphia, Memphis, Detroit, Cincinnati, New York City, Cleveland was also one of the premier tour stops for most rock bands. Civic leaders in Cleveland pledged $65 million in money to fund the construction. A petition drive was signed by 600,000 fans favoring Cleveland over Memphis, on May 5,1986, the Hall of Fame Foundation chose Cleveland as the permanent home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Sam Phillips of Sun Studios fame and many others were stunned and disappointed that it ended up in Cleveland, the hall of fame shouldve been in Memphis, certainly, wrote Peter Guralnick, author of an acclaimed two-volume Elvis Presley biography. Cleveland may also have chosen as the organizations site because the city offered the best financial package. As The Plain Dealer music critic Michael Norman noted, It was $65 million, Cleveland wanted it here and put up the money. During early discussions on where to build the Hall of Fame and Museum, ultimately, the chosen location was along East Ninth Street in downtown Cleveland by Lake Erie, east of Cleveland Stadium. Initial CEO Dr. Larry R. Thompson facilitated I. M. Pei in designs for the site, Pei came up with the idea of a tower with a glass pyramid protruding from it. The museum tower was planned to stand 200 ft high. The buildings base is approximately 150,000 square feet, the groundbreaking ceremony took place on June 7,1993. Pete Townshend, Chuck Berry, Billy Joel, Sam Phillips, Ruth Brown, Sam Moore of Sam and Dave, Carl Gardner of the Coasters and Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum all appeared at the groundbreaking. The museum was dedicated on September 1,1995, with the ribbon being cut by an ensemble that included Yoko Ono and Little Richard, among others, the following night an all-star concert was held at the stadium. It featured Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan, Al Green, Jerry Lee Lewis, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen, Iggy Pop, John Fogerty, John Mellencamp, and many others. In addition to the Hall of Fame inductees, the documents the entire history of rock and roll. Hall of Fame inductees are honored in an exhibit located in a wing that juts out over Lake Erie. Since 1986, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has selected new inductees, the formal induction ceremony has been held in New York City 25 times, twice in Los Angeles, and four times in the Hall of Fames home in Cleveland
25.
Jews
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The Jews, also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Israelites, or Hebrews, of the Ancient Near East. Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, the Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel, associated with the god El, somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE. The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as Hebrews. The worldwide Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million prior to World War II, but approximately 6 million Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust. Since then the population has risen again, and as of 2015 was estimated at 14.3 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank. According to the report, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel and these numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure, Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. The modern State of Israel was established as a Jewish state and defines itself as such in its Declaration of Independence and its Law of Return grants the right of citizenship to any Jew who requests it. The English word Jew continues Middle English Gyw, Iewe, according to the Hebrew Bible, the name of both the tribe and kingdom derive from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob. The Hebrew word for Jew, יְהוּדִי ISO 259-3 Yhudi, is pronounced, with the stress on the syllable, in Israeli Hebrew. The Ladino name is ג׳ודיו, Djudio, ג׳ודיוס, Djudios, Yiddish, ייִד Yid, ייִדן, Yidn. The etymological equivalent is in use in languages, e. g. but derivations of the word Hebrew are also in use to describe a Jew, e. g. in Italian. The German word Jude is pronounced, the corresponding adjective jüdisch is the origin of the word Yiddish, in such contexts Jewish is the only acceptable possibility. Some people, however, have become so wary of this construction that they have extended the stigma to any use of Jew as a noun, a factual reconstruction for the origin of the Jews is a difficult and complex endeavor. It requires examining at least 3,000 years of ancient human history using documents in vast quantities, as archaeological discovery relies upon researchers and scholars from diverse disciplines, the goal is to interpret all of the factual data, focusing on the most consistent theory. In this case, it is complicated by long standing politics and religious, Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacobs son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself. The patriarchs descendants were later enslaved until the Exodus led by Moses, traditionally dated to the 13th century BCE, Modern archaeology has largely discarded the historicity of the Patriarchs and of the Exodus story, with it being reframed as constituting the Israelites inspiring national myth narrative. The growth of Yahweh-centric belief, along with a number of practices, gradually gave rise to a distinct Israelite ethnic group
26.
Baltimore
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Baltimore is the largest city in the U. S. state of Maryland, and the 29th-most populous city in the country. It was established by the Constitution of Maryland and is not part of any county, thus, it is the largest independent city in the United States, with a population of 621,849 as of 2015. As of 2010, the population of the Baltimore Metropolitan Area was 2.7 million, founded in 1729, Baltimore is the second largest seaport in the Mid-Atlantic. Baltimores Inner Harbor was once the leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States. With hundreds of identified districts, Baltimore has been dubbed a city of neighborhoods, in the War of 1812, Francis Scott Key wrote The Star-Spangled Banner, later the American national anthem, in Baltimore. More than 65,000 properties, or roughly one in three buildings in the city, are listed on the National Register, more than any city in the nation. The city has 289 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the historical records of the government of Baltimore are located at the Baltimore City Archives. The city is named after Cecil Calvert, second Lord Baltimore, of the Irish House of Lords, Baltimore Manor was the name of the estate in County Longford on which the Calvert family lived in Ireland. Baltimore is an anglicization of the Irish name Baile an Tí Mhóir, in 1608, Captain John Smith traveled 210 miles from Jamestown to the uppermost Chesapeake Bay, leading the first European expedition to the Patapsco River. The name Patapsco is derived from pota-psk-ut, which translates to backwater or tide covered with froth in Algonquian dialect, a quarter century after John Smiths voyage, English colonists began to settle in Maryland. The area constituting the modern City of Baltimore and its area was first settled by David Jones in 1661. He claimed the area today as Harbor East on the east bank of the Jones Falls stream. In the early 1600s, the immediate Baltimore vicinity was populated, if at all. The Baltimore area had been inhabited by Native Americans since at least the 10th millennium BC, one Paleo-Indian site and several Archaic period and Woodland period archaeological sites have been identified in Baltimore, including four from the Late Woodland period. During the Late Woodland period, the culture that is called the Potomac Creek complex resided in the area from Baltimore to the Rappahannock River in Virginia. It was located on the Bush River on land that in 1773 became part of Harford County, in 1674, the General Assembly passed An Act for erecting a Court-house and Prison in each County within this Province. The site of the house and jail for Baltimore County was evidently Old Baltimore near the Bush River. In 1683, the General Assembly passed An Act for Advancement of Trade to establish towns, ports, one of the towns established by the act in Baltimore County was on Bush River, on Town Land, near the Court-House
27.
Long Island
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Long Island is an island located just off the northeast coast of the United States and a region within the U. S. state of New York. Stretching east-northeast from New York Harbor into the Atlantic Ocean, the island comprises four counties, Kings and Queens to the west, then Nassau, more generally, Long Island may also refer collectively both to the main Island as well as its nearby, surrounding outer barrier islands. North of the island is the Long Island Sound, across from which lie the states of Connecticut, across the Sound, to the northwest, lies Westchester County on mainland New York. To the west, Long Island is separated from the Bronx and the island of Manhattan by the East River. To the extreme southwest, it is separated from the New York City borough of Staten Island and the U. S. state of New Jersey by Upper New York Bay, the Narrows, to the east lie Block Island and numerous smaller islands. Its population density is 5,595.1 inhabitants per square mile, Long Island is culturally and ethnically diverse. Some of the wealthiest and most expensive neighborhoods in the Western Hemisphere are located on Long Island, nine bridges and 13 tunnels connect Brooklyn and Queens to the three other boroughs of New York City. Ferries connect Suffolk County northward across Long Island Sound to the state of Connecticut, the Long Island Rail Road is the busiest commuter railroad in North America and operates 24/7. At the time of European contact, the Lenape people inhabited the western end of Long Island, giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to record an encounter with the Lenapes, after entering what is now New York Bay in 1524. In 1609, the English navigator Henry Hudson explored the harbor, adriaen Block followed in 1615 and is credited as the first European to determine that both Manhattan and Long Island are islands. Native American land deeds recorded by the Dutch from 1636 state that the Indians referred to Long Island as Sewanhaka, sewan was one of the terms for wampum, and is also translated as loose or scattered, which may refer either to the wampum or to Long Island. The name t Lange Eylandt alias Matouwacs appears in Dutch maps from the 1650s, later, the English referred to the land as Nassau Island, after the Dutch Prince William of Nassau, Prince of Orange. It is unclear when the name Nassau Island was discontinued, the very first settlements on Long Island were by settlers from England and its colonies in present-day New England. Lion Gardiner settled nearby Gardiners Island, the first settlement on the geographic Long Island itself was on October 21,1640, when Southold was established by the Rev. John Youngs and settlers from New Haven, Connecticut. Peter Hallock, one of the settlers, drew the long straw and was granted the honor to step ashore first and he is considered the first New World settler on Long Island. Southampton was settled in the same year, Hempstead followed in 1644, East Hampton in 1648, Huntington in 1653, and Brookhaven in 1655. While the eastern region of Long Island was first settled by the English, until 1664, the jurisdiction of Long Island was split, roughly at the present border between Nassau County and Suffolk County. The Dutch founded six towns in present-day Brooklyn beginning in 1645 and these included, Brooklyn, Gravesend, Flatlands, Flatbush, New Utrecht, and Bushwick
28.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
29.
Freshman
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A student or pupil is a learner or someone who attends an educational institution. In Britain those attending university are termed students, in the United States, and more recently also in Britain, the term student is applied to both categories. In its widest use, student is used for anyone who is learning, including mid-career adults who are taking vocational education or returning to university. When speaking about learning outside an institution, student is used to refer to someone who is learning a topic or who is a student of a certain topic or person. In Nigeria, education is classified into four system known as 6-3-3-4 system of education and it implies six years in primary school, three years in junior secondary, three years in senior secondary and four years in the university. However, the number of years to be spent in university is determined by the course of study. Some courses have longer study length than others and those in primary school are often referred to as pupils. Those in university as well as those in school are being referred to as students. Six years of school education in Singapore is compulsory. International Schools are subject to overseas curriculums, such as the British, Primary education is compulsory in Bangladesh. Its a near crime to not to children to primary school when they are of age. But it is not a punishable crime, because of the socio-economic state of Bangladesh, child labour is sometimes legal. But the guardian must ensure the primary education, everyone who is learning in any institute or even online may be called student in Bangladesh. Sometimes students taking undergraduate education is called undergraduates and students taking post-graduate education may be called post-graduates, Education System Of Bangladesh, Education is free in Brunei. Darussalam not limited to government educational institutions but also private educational institutions, there are mainly two types of educational institutions, government or public, and private institutions. Several stages have to be undergone by the prospective students leading to higher qualifications, Primary School Secondary School High School Colleges University Level It takes six and five years to complete the primary and secondary levels respectively. Upon completing these two stages, students/pupils have freedom to progress to sixth-form centers, colleges or probably straight to employment. Students are permitted to progress towards university level programs in both government and private university colleges, Education in Cambodia is free for all the students who study in Primary School, Secondary School or High School
30.
Los Angeles City College
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Los Angeles City College, known as LACC, is a public community college in East Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. A part of the Los Angeles Community College District, it is located on Vermont Avenue south of Santa Monica Boulevard, the college also offers a program known as The Theater Academy, a block program for students pursuing acting, technical side of theater, or costume design. LACC occupies the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles. One of nine separate college campuses of the Los Angeles Community College District, when the Pacific Electric Interurban Railroad connected downtown Los Angeles and Hollywood in 1909, the area began to develop rapidly. In 1914, the LA Board of Education moved the teachers Normal School to the site, the Italian Romanesque campus became what is now the University of California, Los Angeles in 1919. In need of space, UCLA moved to its present location in 1929. On September 9,1929, Los Angeles Junior College opened its doors for the first time with over 1,300 students and 54 teachers and it later changed its name to Los Angeles City College. California Community Colleges System Community, an NBC comedy series which shoots on the LACC campus Official website LACC Filipino Club
31.
Belmont High School (Los Angeles)
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Belmont Senior High School is a public high school located at 1575 West 2nd Street in the Westlake community of Los Angeles, California. The school, which serves grades 9 through 12, is part of the Los Angeles Unified School District, Belmont High School opened in 1923. The Hotel Belmont was the first noteworthy building to stand atop Crown Hill, eventually, the hotel was abandoned, and later it was transformed into the private Belmont School for Girls. After the school was destroyed by fire, the grounds were left vacant, except for five oil wells, on February 28,1921, the Los Angeles Board of Education purchased the site for $100,000, for the purpose of constructing Belmont High School. Belmont opened its doors on September 11,1923, to about 500 students, all sophomores, most of the schools traditions were created by those pioneer students during the first months of the schools existence. The school newspaper conducted an election to select its name, with Sentinel easily winning over Progress, to this day, Belmonts students are known as Sentinels. Those first students favored “Sentinels because they were able to oversee the city from their lookout on Crown Hill. In another election, the colors, green and black, were selected over brown. A Joseph Young-created mosaics mural is located on the building wall. Belmont High School was once the largest school in California, due to the density of the Westlake district and it was also considered the largest school in the United States, with 6,342 students. Cortines School of Visual and Performing Arts, beginning around 2005, Belmont began a major modernization. The school was renovated, and new paint, bathrooms, doors, walls, facilities were also updated throughout the school campus to accommodate those with special needs. In 2006, Miguel Contreras Learning Complex opened its doors and relieved Belmont High School of overcrowding, in 2007, the West Adams Preparatory High School opened and relieved Belmont, a section of the Manual Arts High School attendance zone was transferred to Belmont. Furthermore, High School for the Visual and Performing Arts opened in 2008 to relieve Belmont, Central Los Angeles High School 11 and Central Los Angeles High School 12 opened in fall 2009. In 2009, the opening of the Felicitas and Gonzalo Mendez Learning Centers relieved Belmont, beginning with the 2010 school year, it will serve students from 6th grade to 12th grade, with the middle school named Sal Castro Middle School on the campus. The Belmont football stadium was named for Dentler Erdmann, its long-time faculty member, in 2011 the school was restructured, with most teachers having to reapply for their jobs. The new academic program involves learning English, Spanish, and Mandarin Chinese, some of those students immigrated without their parents. As of December 2013 the school had fewer than 1,000 students, the school was built for a capacity of 2,500 students, and when it opened in 1923 it had about 500 students
32.
Blues
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Blues is a genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century. The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs, spirituals, Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads. Blue notes, usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch, are also a part of the sound. Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance-like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove, Blues as a genre is also characterized by its lyrics, bass lines, and instrumentation. Early traditional blues verses consisted of a single line repeated four times, Early blues frequently took the form of a loose narrative, often relating the troubles experienced in African-American society. Many elements, such as the format and the use of blue notes. The origins of the blues are closely related to the religious music of the Afro-American community. The first appearance of the blues is often dated to after the ending of slavery and, later and it is associated with the newly acquired freedom of the former slaves. Chroniclers began to report about blues music at the dawn of the 20th century, the first publication of blues sheet music was in 1908. Blues has since evolved from unaccompanied vocal music and oral traditions of slaves into a variety of styles and subgenres. Blues subgenres include country blues, such as Delta blues and Piedmont blues, as well as urban blues styles such as Chicago blues, World War II marked the transition from acoustic to electric blues and the progressive opening of blues music to a wider audience, especially white listeners. In the 1960s and 1970s, a form called blues rock evolved. The term blues may have come from blue devils, meaning melancholy and sadness, the phrase blue devils may also have been derived from Britain in the 1600s, when the term referred to the intense visual hallucinations that can accompany severe alcohol withdrawal. As time went on, the phrase lost the reference to devils, by the 1800s in the United States, the term blues was associated with drinking alcohol, a meaning which survives in the phrase blue law, which prohibits the sale of alcohol on Sunday. Though the use of the phrase in African-American music may be older, it has been attested to in print since 1912, in lyrics the phrase is often used to describe a depressed mood. The lyrics of traditional blues verses probably often consisted of a single line repeated four times. Two of the first published songs, Dallas Blues and Saint Louis Blues, were 12-bar blues with the AAB lyric structure. Handy wrote that he adopted this convention to avoid the monotony of lines repeated three times, the lines are often sung following a pattern closer to rhythmic talk than to a melody
33.
Rhythm and blues
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Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated as R&B or RnB, is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy. Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, freedom, economics, aspirations, the term rhythm and blues has undergone a number of shifts in meaning. In the early 1950s it was applied to blues records. This tangent of RnB is now known as British rhythm and blues, by the 1970s, the term rhythm and blues changed again and was used as a blanket term for soul and funk. In the 1980s, a style of R&B developed, becoming known as Contemporary R&B. It combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop, popular R&B vocalists at the end of the 20th century included Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston, and Mariah Carey. Although Jerry Wexler of Billboard magazine is credited with coining the term rhythm and blues as a term in the United States in 1948. It replaced the term race music, which came from within the black community. The term rhythm and blues was used by Billboard in its chart listings from June 1949 until August 1969, before the Rhythm and Blues name was instated, various record companies had already begun replacing the term race music with sepia series. In 2010 LaMont Robinson founded the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame Museum, writer and producer Robert Palmer defined rhythm & blues as a catchall term referring to any music that was made by and for black Americans. He has used the term R&B as a synonym for jump blues, however, AllMusic separates it from jump blues because of its stronger, gospel-esque backbeat. Lawrence Cohn, author of Nothing but the Blues, writes that rhythm, according to him, the term embraced all black music except classical music and religious music, unless a gospel song sold enough to break into the charts. Well into the 21st century, the term R&B continues in use to music made by black musicians. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, arrangements were rehearsed to the point of effortlessness and were sometimes accompanied by background vocalists. Simple repetitive parts mesh, creating momentum and rhythmic interplay producing mellow, lilting, while singers are emotionally engaged with the lyrics, often intensely so, they remain cool, relaxed, and in control. The bands dressed in suits, and even uniforms, an associated with the modern popular music that rhythm. Lyrics often seemed fatalistic, and the music typically followed predictable patterns of chords, there was also increasing emphasis on the electric guitar as a lead instrument, as well as the piano and saxophone
34.
Jimmy Witherspoon
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James Jimmy Witherspoon was an American jump blues singer. Witherspoon was born in Gurdon, Arkansas and he first attracted attention singing with Teddy Weatherfords band in Calcutta, India, which made regular radio broadcasts over the U. S. Armed Forces Radio Service during World War II, Witherspoon made his first records with Jay McShanns band in 1945. He first recorded under his own name in 1947, and two later with the McShann band, he had his first hit, Aint Nobodys Business. These were recorded from a performance on May 10,1949 at a Just Jazz concert Pasadena. Another classic Witherspoon composition is Times Gettin Tougher Than Tough and he later recorded with Gerry Mulligan, Leroy Vinnegar, Richard Groove Holmes and T-Bone Walker. In 1961 he toured Europe with Buck Clayton and returned to the UK on many occasions, in 1970, he appeared on Brother Jack McDuffs London Blue Note recording To Seek a New Home together with British jazz musicians, including Dick Morrissey, again, and Terry Smith. In the 1970s he also recorded the album Guilty. with Eric Burdon and he then toured with a band of his own featuring Robben Ford and Russ Ferrante. A recording from this period, Spoonful, featured Spoon accompanied by Robben Ford, Joe Sample, Cornell Dupree, Thad Jones and he continued performing and recording into the 1990s. In the 1995 film Georgia, Witherspoon portrayed a traveling, gun-collecting blues singer, Trucker and he played Nate Williams in The Black Godfather, and Percy in To Sleep with Anger. Witherspoon died of cancer in Los Angeles, California on September 18,1997. 1957, Wilbur De Paris Plays & Jimmy Witherspoon Sings New Orleans Blues 1957, Goin to Kansas City Blues 1959, Battle of the Blues, Vol. A. 1989, Spoon Concerts 1990, Live at Condons 1991, Call Me Baby 1992, Live at the Notodden Festival 1992, The Blues, the Whole Blues & Nothing But the
35.
Charles Brown (musician)
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Tony Russell Charles Brown was an American blues singer and pianist whose soft-toned, slow-paced blues-club style influenced blues performance in the 1940s and 1950s. He had several hit recordings, including Driftin Blues and Merry Christmas Baby, Brown was born in Texas City, Texas. As a child he loved music and received music training on the piano. He graduated from Central High School in Galveston, Texas, in 1939, the blues-club style of a light rhythm bass and right-hand tinkling of the piano and smooth vocals became popular, epitomized by the jazz piano of Nat King Cole. When Cole left Los Angeles to perform nationally, his place was taken by Johnny Moores Three Blazers, featuring Browns gentle piano and vocals. Brown led the group in a series of hits for Aladdin over the next three years, including New Orleans Blues and the original version of Merry Christmas Baby and More Than You Know. Browns style dominated the influential Southern California club scene on Central Avenue, in Los Angeles and he influenced such performers as Floyd Dixon, Cecil Gant, Ivory Joe Hunter, Percy Mayfield, Johnny Ace and Ray Charles. In the late 1940s, a demand for blues was driven by a growing audience among white teenagers in the South. Their singing was lighter and more relaxed, and they worked with bands and combos that had saxophone sections, Brown left the Three Blazers in 1948 and formed his own trio with Eddie Williams and Charles Norris. His final hit for several years was Hard Times in 1952 and his Please Come Home for Christmas, a hit for King Records in 1960, remained seasonally popular. Please Come Home for Christmas had sold one million copies by 1968 and was awarded a gold disc in that year. In the 1960s Brown recorded two albums for Mainstream Records, in the 1980s Brown made a series of appearances at the New York City nightclub Tramps. As a result of appearances he signed a recording contract with Blue Side Records. Blue Side Records closed soon after, but distribution of its records was picked up by Alligator Records, soon after the success of One More for the Road, Bonnie Raitt helped usher in a comeback tour for Brown. He began a recording and performing again, under the musical direction of the guitarist Danny Caron. Other members of Charless touring ensemble included Clifford Solomon on tenor saxophone, Ruth Davies on bass, several records received Grammy Award nominations. In the 1980s Brown toured widely as the act for Raitt. Brown became a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Brown died of congestive heart failure in 1999 in Oakland, California, and was interred at Inglewood Park Cemetery, Inglewood, California
36.
Little Willie Littlefield
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Littlefield was regarded as a teenage wonder and overnight sensation when in 1949, at the age of 18, he popularized the triplet piano style on his Modern Records debut single Its Midnight. He also recorded the first version of the song Kansas City, Littlefield was born in El Campo, Texas, and grew up in Houston with his mother. He formed his first band with the saxophonist Don Wilkerson, a friend from school, Littlefield was strongly influenced by the boogie-woogie pianist Albert Ammons. A particular favourite of his was Ammonss Swanee River Boogie, which he recorded for Eddies Records. Bihari flew to Houston in July 1949 to investigate the black entertainment venues. Bihari went to hear Littlefield and soon arranged for an audition at a local studio, the session was captured on acetate disc, with Bihari, clearly audible in the background, calling for Littlefield to play popular R&B tunes of the day. Back at Modern Records, he recorded Its Midnight, which became a national hit and he became a major nightclub attraction and recorded with West Coast musicians such as Maxwell Davis. Don Wilkerson, Littlefields schoolmate and the leading saxman in his band, also travelled to Los Angeles, but Milburn promptly persuaded him to lead his own new band, the Aladdin Chickenshackers. Modern Records booked Littlefield for three recording sessions in October 1949, followed by more sessions in the two months at Radio Recorders in Hollywood. During these three months alone, over 22 sides were cut – an unusual output compared to that of most other artists, who averaged only two sessions a year. Other musicians for these included the saxophonists Maxwell Davis and Buddy Floyd, the guitarists Chuck Norris and Johnny Moore. One of his 1950 recordings, Happy Pay Day, a written by Jack Holmes, was later rewritten by Holmes with entirely different lyrics as The Blacksmith Blues. In 1951, his duet with Little Lora Wiggins, Ive Been Lost, in 1952 he moved to the Federal subsidiary of King Records. His first session for Federal produced K. C, loving, written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller and later re-recorded by Wilbert Harrison as Kansas City. By 1957 Littlefield had moved to northern California and continued to record for Don Barksdales Rhythm label in San Francisco where he produced the single Ruby, Ruby, littlefield’s recording and his subsequent releases were not successful, but he remained a popular club act in the San Francisco area. In the late 1970s he toured Europe successfully, settling in the Netherlands, after touring for more than 50 years, Littlefield stopped in 2000. I feel great and I want to be back with my audience, in his later years Littlefield continued to perform occasionally, mainly at festivals, particularly in the UK. In 2008 He played at the 20th Burnley Blues Festival, in 2008, having appeared at Shakedown Blues Club, at Castor Hall, near Castor, Peterborough in 2006, Littlefield made a return appearance in October 2010
37.
Big Mama Thornton
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Willie Mae Big Mama Thornton was an American rhythm-and-blues singer and songwriter. However, her success was overshadowed three years later, when Elvis Presley recorded his more popular rendition of Hound Dog, similarly, Thorntons Ball n Chain had a bigger impact when performed and recorded by Janis Joplin from 1967. Thorntons performances were characterized by her deep, powerful voice and strong sense of self and she was given her nickname, Big Mama, by Frank Schiffman, the manager of Harlems Apollo Theater, because of her strong voice, size, and personality. Thornton stated that she was louder than any microphone and didn’t want a microphone to ever be as loud as she was, alice Echols, author of a biography of Janis Joplin, said that Thornton could sing in a pretty voice but did not want to. Thornton said, My singing comes from my experience. …My own experience, I never had no one teach me nothin’. I never went to school for music or nothin’, I taught myself to sing and to blow harmonica and even to play drums by watchin’ other people. I cant read music, but I know what Im singing, I dont sing like nobody but myself. Her style was influenced by gospel music, which she grew up listening to at the home of a preacher. Thornton was quoted in a 1980 article in the New York Times, thats why when I do a song by Jimmy Reed or somebody, I have my own way of singing it. Because I dont want to be Jimmy Reed, I want to be me, I like to put myself into whatever Im doin so I can feel it. Thornton was famous for her transgressive gender expression and she often dressed as a man in her performances, wearing work shirts and slacks. She did not care about the opinions of others and was openly gay, improvisation was a notable part of her performance. She often entered call-and-response exchanges with her band, inserting confident and her play with gender and sexuality set the stage for later rock-and-roll artists plays with sexuality. Scholars such as Maureen Mahon have praised Thornton for subverting traditional roles of African-American women and she added a female voice to a field that was dominated by white males, and her strong personality transgressed stereotypes of what an African-American woman should be. This transgression was a part of her performance and stage persona. Elvis Presley and Janis Joplin admired her unique style of singing and her vocal sound and style of delivery are key parts of her style and are recognizable in Presleys and Joplins work. She was introduced to music in a Baptist church, where her father was a minister and her mother a singer and she and her six siblings began to sing at early ages. Her mother died young, and Willlie Mae left school and got a job washing and cleaning spittoons in a local tavern
38.
Freddie Bell
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Ferdinando Dominick Bello, known as Freddie Bell, was an American musician, whose group, Freddie Bell and the Bellboys, were influential in the development of rock and roll in the 1950s. He was a prominent performer with the group on the Las Vegas Strip in the 1950s and 1960s, Bell was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Italian American parents, who were shopkeepers. He grew up in New Jersey and he became a trombonist, bassist, drummer, and singer, playing in various bands including that of Ernie Ventura. In 1952 he formed his own group, the Bellboys, with Jack Kane, Frankie Brent, Russ Conti, Chick Keeney, and Jerry Mayo. They were one of the first white groups to play the R&B hits of the day, in 1955, the group made their first recordings for the Teen Records label, including a cover version of Leiber and Stollers Hound Dog. When performing the song in Las Vegas, they were seen by Elvis Presley, the group were later joined by Roberta Linn, who was married to Bell from 1961 to 1973. He continued to perform in Las Vegas into his years after the demise of the group in the mid 1960s. Freddie Bell died, aged 76, in 2008
39.
Milton Berle
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Milton Berle was an American comedian and actor. As the host of NBCs Texaco Star Theater, he was the first major American television star and was known to millions of viewers as Uncle Miltie and Mr. Television during TVs golden age. Milton Berle was born into a Jewish family in a five-story walkup at 68 W. 118th Street in the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan and his given name was Mendel Berlinger. He chose Milton Berle as his name when he was 16. His father, Moses Berlinger, was a paint and varnish salesman and his mother, Sarah Glantz Berlinger, eventually became stagestruck and changed her name to Sandra Berle when Milton became famous. Berle entered show business at the age of five when he won a talent contest. He appeared as an actor in silent films, beginning with The Perils of Pauline, filmed in Fort Lee. The director told Berle that he would portray a boy who would be thrown from a moving train. In Milton Berle, An Autobiography, he explained, I was scared shitless, which is exactly what happened, except that at the crucial moment they threw a bundle of rags instead of me from the train. I bet there are a lot of comedians around today who are sorry about that. By Berles account, he continued to play roles in other films, Bunnys Little Brother, Tess of the Storm Country, Birthright, Loves Penalty, Divorce Coupons. In 1916, Berle enrolled in the Professional Childrens School, around 1920, at age 12, Berle made his stage debut in a revival of the musical comedy Florodora in Atlantic City, New Jersey, which later moved to Broadway. By the time he was 16, he was working as a Master of Ceremonies in Vaudeville, by the early 1930s he was a successful stand-up comedian, patterning himself after one of Vaudevilles top comics, Ted Healy. In 1933, he was hired by producer Jack White to star in the theatrical featurette Poppin the Cork, Berle also co-wrote the score for this film, which was released by Educational Pictures. Berle continued to dabble in songwriting, with Ben Oakland and Milton Drake, Berle wrote the title song for the RKO Radio Pictures release Lil Abner, an adaptation of Al Capps comic strip, featuring Buster Keaton as Lonesome Polecat. Berle wrote a Spike Jones B-side, Leave the Dishes in the Sink, in 1939, he was the host of Stop Me If Youve Heard This One with panelists spontaneously finishing jokes sent in by listeners. In the late 1940s, he canceled well-paying nightclub appearances to expand his radio career, three Ring Time, a comedy-variety show sponsored by Ballantine Ale, was followed by a 1943 program sponsored by Campbells Soups. The audience participation show Let Yourself Go could best be described as radio with studio audience members acting out long suppressed urges—often directed at host Berle
40.
The Steve Allen Show
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The Steve Allen Show was an American variety show hosted by Steve Allen from June 1956 to June 1960 on NBC, from September 1961 to December 1961 on ABC, and in first-run syndication from 1962 to 1964. The first three seasons aired on Sunday nights at 8, 00pm Eastern Time, then on Mondays at 10, after a seasons absence, the series briefly returned on Wednesdays at 7, 30pm Eastern. The syndicated version aired mostly in late nights, channel and Comedy Central in the early 1990s, with new introductions by Allen. The show was the first in a series of prime time spin-offs from The Tonight Show, all of which were named after the host, Jack Paar and Jay Leno would follow in Allens footsteps. The show launched the careers of cast members Don Knotts, Tom Poston, Louis Nye, Pat Harrington, Jr. hathaways greeting of Hi Ho Steverino. Became a catchphrase as did Jimenezs My name José Jiménez, Dayton Allen also appeared in the sketch and spawned the catchphrase Whyyyyy not. Gabe Dell, previously a member of The Bowery Boys, was also a cast member, Gene Rayburn was the shows announcer and Skitch Henderson was the bandleader. The show also helped foster the careers of many musicians, although Allen himself did not have much affection for rock and roll, the show featured numerous rock and roll artists in their earliest TV appearances. The show presented Elvis Presley, Fats Domino, Jerry Lee Lewis, Louis Jordan & The Tympany Five, The Treniers, however, the rock n roll stars often did not appear on the show as most fans would have desired. For instance, Allen presented Elvis Presley with a top hat and the tie and tails of a high class musician while singing Hound Dog to an actual Basset Hound. Some have erroneously suggested that the Hound Dog performance was intentionally disrespectful, in reality, Allen took a risk booking the controversial Presley, and the bit was orchestrated both for comedic effect, and to mitigate potential controversy. After being cancelled by NBC in 1960, the returned in the fall of 1961 on ABC. Nye, Poston, Harrington, Dell, and Dayton Allen returned, new cast members were Joey Forman, Buck Henry, and new comers Tim Conway, then known as Tom Conway and The Smothers Brothers. Allens wife, Jayne Meadows also joined the cast, the new version was cancelled after fourteen episodes. Twenty-one minutes of the episode featured one of Allens favorite sketches, The Prickly Heat Telethon. The short-lived series featured the debuts of Rob Reiner, Richard Dreyfuss and John Byner, and featured Ruth Buzzi, the show won a Peabody Award in 1958 for its genuine humor and frank experiments during a year when most shows were conspicuously lacking such elements. A syndicated version of The Steve Allen Show, known informally as the Westinghouse Show, ran, through Westinghouse Broadcasting and it was taped at what would later become known as The Steve Allen Playhouse in Hollywood and followed Allens original 90-minute Tonight format. Why Allen decided not to return to Tonight himself was not clear, especially considering Jack Paar had just left the show and he instead ended up competing against new Tonight host Johnny Carson
41.
Basset Hound
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The Basset Hound is a short-legged breed of dog of the hound family, as well as one of six recognized Basset breeds in France. The Basset is a scent hound that was bred for the purpose of hunting hare. Their sense of smell for tracking is second only to that of the Bloodhound, the name Basset is derived from the French word bas, meaning low, with the attenuating suffix -et meaning small, together meaning rather low. Basset Hounds are usually bicolours or tricolours of standard hound colouration, in this article, Basset is used to distinguish the modern breed from other basset-type dogs. Bassets are large, short, solid and long, with curved sabre tails held high over their long backs, an adult dog weighs between 20 and 35 kilograms. This breed, relative to size, is heavier-boned than any other and this breed, like its ancestor the Bloodhound, has a hanging skin structure, which causes the face to occasionally look sad, this, for many people, adds to the breeds charm. The dewlap, seen as the loose, elastic skin around the neck, and its neck is wider than its head. This, combined with the skin around its face and neck means that flat collars can easily be pulled off. The looseness of the results in the Bassets characteristic facial wrinkles. The Bassets skull is characterised by its large dolichocephalic nose, which is only to the Bloodhound in scenting ability. The coat of a Basset is medium-short, smooth and hard, any true hound colour is acceptable in Basset Hounds, and no one colour is preferred over any other. The source of colour is the E Locus, which has four alleles, EM, EG, E, the EM, E and e alleles are present in the Basset Hounds. The E allele allows for the production of red and black pigments, so is present with the majority of colour patterns in Basset Hounds. Red and Lemon colours are caused by the e allele of MC1R, the e allele is recessive, so red and lemon dogs are homozygous e/e. Lemon dogs are lighter in colour than Reds, but the mechanism that dilutes phaeomelanin in this instance is unknown. No black hairs will be present on either Red or Lemon dogs, if there are any black hairs, the dog is officially a tricolour. The EM allele produces a black mask on the face that may extend up around the eyes and this pattern is most easily seen on Mahogany dogs, although any Basset colour pattern may express the EM allele, except for red and white or lemon and white due to e/e. Many Bassets have a clearly defined white blaze and a tip to their tail
42.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
