1.
Waiblingen
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Waiblingen is a town in the southwest of Germany, located in the center of the densely populated Stuttgart Region, directly neighboring Stuttgart. It is the capital of the Rems-Murr district, as of September 30,2004 Waiblingen accommodated 52,948 inhabitants. As of December 31,2004, the area of the town was 42.76 km2, Waiblingen was first mentioned in Carolingian documents in 885 at the time of Charles the Fat. It received its charter in 1250. Waiblingen was the property of the Salian kings, from whom the Hohenstaufen dukes and it is assumed that the Italian name of the Hohenstaufen party, Ghibelline, is derived from Waiblingen. The town was almost completely destroyed in 1634 during the Thirty Years War and it was rebuilt after the war, the existing old central part of the town dates back to the years between 1640 and 1700. Its fortifications are now well restored, has two factories there, for polymer and packaging technology. It is also the location for the processing center for the Stuttgart region of the Deutsche Post. Waiblingen is twinned with, Mayenne, France Devizes, United Kingdom Jesi, Italy Baja, Hungary 1883, Dr. med. Gustav Pfeilsticker 1907, Ferdinand Küderli 1930, Theodor Kaiser 1932, Friedrich Schofer 1934, Albert Roller 1953, Emil Münz 1967, Alfred Diebold 1968, Adolf Bauer 1997, Dr. Waiblingen
2.
West Germany
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West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990. During this Cold War era, NATO-aligned West Germany and Warsaw Pact-aligned East Germany were divided by the Inner German border, after 1961 West Berlin was physically separated from East Berlin as well as from East Germany by the Berlin Wall. This situation ended when East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the ten states of the Federal Republic of Germany along with the reunified city-state of Berlin. With the reunification of West and East Germany, the Federal Republic of Germany, enlarged now to sixteen states and this period is referred to as the Bonn Republic by historians, alluding to the interwar Weimar Republic and the post-reunification Berlin Republic. The Federal Republic of Germany was established from eleven states formed in the three Allied Zones of occupation held by the United States, the United Kingdom and France, US and British forces remained in the country throughout the Cold War. Its population grew from roughly 51 million in 1950 to more than 63 million in 1990, the city of Bonn was its de facto capital city. The fourth Allied occupation zone was held by the Soviet Union, as a result, West Germany had a territory about half the size of the interbellum democratic Weimar Republic. At the onset of the Cold War, Europe was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs, Germany was de facto divided into two countries and two special territories, the Saarland and divided Berlin. The Federal Republic of Germany claimed a mandate for all of Germany. It took the line that the GDR was an illegally constituted puppet state, though the GDR did hold regular elections, these were not free and fair. For all practical purposes the GDR was a Soviet puppet state, from the West German perspective the GDR was therefore illegitimate. Three southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-Württemberg in 1952, in addition to the resulting ten states, West Berlin was considered an unofficial de facto 11th state. It recognised the GDR as a de facto government within a single German nation that in turn was represented de jure by the West German state alone. From 1973 onward, East Germany recognised the existence of two German countries de jure, and the West as both de facto and de jure foreign country, the Federal Republic and the GDR agreed that neither of them could speak in the name of the other. The first chancellor Konrad Adenauer, who remained in office until 1963, had worked for an alignment with NATO rather than neutrality. He not only secured a membership in NATO but was also a proponent of agreements that developed into the present-day European Union, when the G6 was established in 1975, there was no question whether the Federal Republic of Germany would be a member as well. With the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe in 1989, symbolised by the opening of the Berlin Wall, East Germany voted to dissolve itself and accede to the Federal Republic in 1990. Its five post-war states were reconstituted along with the reunited Berlin and they formally joined the Federal Republic on 3 October 1990, raising the number of states from 10 to 16, ending the division of Germany
3.
Formula One
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Formula One is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de lAutomobile. The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950. The formula, designated in the name, refers to a set of rules, the F1 season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held worldwide on purpose-built F1 circuits and public roads. The results of each race are evaluated using a system to determine two annual World Championships, one for drivers, one for constructors. The racing drivers are required to be holders of valid Super Licences, the races are required to be held on tracks graded 1, the highest grade a track can receive by the FIA. Most events are held in locations on purpose-built tracks, but there are several events in city centres throughout the world. Formula One cars are the fastest road racing cars in the world. Formula One cars race at speeds of up to approximately 375 km/h with engines currently limited in performance to a maximum of 15,000 RPM, the cars are capable of lateral acceleration in excess of five g in corners. The performance of the cars is very dependent on electronics – although traction control and other driving aids have been banned since 2008 – and on aerodynamics, suspension, the formula has radically evolved and changed through the history of the sport. F1 had a global television audience of 425 million people during the course of the 2014 season. Grand Prix racing began in 1906 and became the most popular internationally in the second half of the twentieth century. The Formula One Group is the holder of the commercial rights. Its high profile and popularity have created a major merchandising environment, since 2000 the sports spiraling expenditures and the distribution of prize money favoring established top teams have forced complaints from smaller teams and led several teams to bankruptcy. On 23 January 2017 it was confirmed that Liberty Media had completed its $8 billion acquisition of Delta Topco, the Formula One series originated with the European Grand Prix Motor Racing of the 1920s and 1930s. The formula is a set of rules that all cars must meet. Formula One was a new formula agreed upon after World War II during 1946, the first world championship race was held at Silverstone, United Kingdom in 1950. A championship for constructors followed in 1958, national championships existed in South Africa and the UK in the 1960s and 1970s. Non-championship Formula One events were held for years, but due to the increasing cost of competition
4.
Germany
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Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed
5.
Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives
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Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives was a small French racecar constructor that competed in various racing categories over a period of thirty years, including Formula One from 1986 to 1991. AGS survived as a prosperous Formula One driving school, in Le Luc, the team was founded by the French mechanic, Henri Julien, who ran a filling station, the Garage de lAvenir, in Gonfaron, a provincial French village. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Julien regularly attended racing events in minor classes, although not an outstanding driver, the technical knowledge he gained eventually prompted him to start constructing racing cars. Juliens first car, the AGS JH1, saw the light of day in 1969 and it was a petite monoposto, dedicated to the Formule France. The car was designed by Juliens former apprentice, the Belgian mechanic Christian Vanderpleyn, who had been with the garage since the very late 1950s and who would stay on until 1988. Soon, AGS went ahead and produced its own Formula 3 cars which were ambitious, AGS took another step ahead in 1978 when the team started competing in the European Formula 2 Championship. Still, the car - by now the AGS JH15 - was self-penned, self-built, Formula 2 was a difficult task for the small team, racing 1978 and 1979 without scoring any championship points. The early 1980s were somewhat better, AGS was one of the few teams who ran its own cars, and eventually the team was able to score points regularly. AGS made history when works driver Philippe Streiff won the race of Formula 2 in 1984. In 1985, AGS switched to Formula 3000 with the JH20, the JH20 used a Cosworth DFV engine supplied through the Swiss tuning firm Mader. Results were mediocre in 1985 and 1986, by late summer 1986, AGS entered the Italian Grand Prix in Monza, its very first Formula One race. Its structure was bizarre, The team had no more than 7 employees and was still operated from the Garage de lAvenir in Gonfaron. AGS appeared with a car that was once again penned by Vanderpleyn, the JH21C was a strange mixture between former AGS F3000 vehicles and Renault F1 parts which were used extensively. The car was powered by a well-used Motori Moderni turbo engine, a few weeks before, the car had been tested at Paul Ricard by Didier Pironi, driving an F1 car for the first time since his leg-breaking accident in the 1982 German Grand Prix. Due to technical difficulties, neither in its first attempt nor in the race in Portugal did Capelli see the finish. For the teams first full F1 season in 1987, Vanderpleyn penned the JH22, the car was initially driven by Pascal Fabre, who had driven for the team in Formula 2 in 1982. He proved to be a driver, finishing eight of the first nine races. AGS improved in the last two races of the season when Fabre was replaced by the Brazilian Roberto Moreno
6.
1989 Brazilian Grand Prix
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The 1989 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro on 26 March 1989. It was the first race of the 1989 Formula One season, the FIRST team withdrew before the beginning of the season, as the car had failed a mandatory FIA pre-season crash test. Philippe Streiff continued as AGSs lead driver for the 1989 season, for Patrese it was actually his first front row start since he started second at the 1983 European Grand Prix at Brands Hatch, a gap of 81 races. On his debut for Ferrari, Bergers teammate Nigel Mansell qualified sixth, after the race Mansell joked that he was so convinced of his new cars unreliability that he had booked an early flight home. Johnny Herbert and Olivier Grouillard both qualified for their first Formula One races, at the start, Nicola Larini was disqualified for an illegal start. It was also the first race ever to be won by a car with a semi-automatic gearbox, Mansell cut his hands on the trophy following the race. He was joined on the podium by McLarens Alain Prost and Marchs Maurício Gugelmin, johnny Herbert finished fourth and scored points for Benetton on his debut. The hard luck of the story of the race was Arrows driver Derek Warwick, there was a problem fitting a rear wheel during his second stop for tyres which lost him over 25 seconds. He would eventually finish in 5th place, less than 18 seconds behind Mansell suggesting that the pit stop may have cost Warwick his maiden grand prix victory. Warwicks Arrows team mate Eddie Cheever collapsed after exiting his car following the collision involving the Zakspeed of Bernd Schneider that ended his race. Arrows actually had to modify Cheevers car after he failed the FIA safety check where a driver had 5 seconds to be able to exit their car. The new Ross Brawn designed Arrows A11 was a fit for the tall American. Schneider, whose car carried the new Yamaha V8 engine, only got into the race after Philippe Streiffs crash, Schneider would not qualify for another race until the seasons penultimate round in Japan some 7 months later. His new team mate Aguri Suzuki would fail to qualify for all 16 rounds of the 1989 season and this was the last Formula One race at Jacarepaguá. From 1990, the Brazilian Grand Prix would be held at a shortened Interlagos in São Paulo, riccardo Patrese 1-15, 21-22, Nigel Mansell 16-20, 28-44, 47-61, Alain Prost 23-27, 45-46 Note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings. Pre-Qualifying results from FIA Yearbook 1989
7.
1989 French Grand Prix
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The 1989 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Paul Ricard on 9 July 1989. In a press conference before the weekend, Alain Prost announced that he would be leaving McLaren at the end of the season with the speculation being that he would join Ferrari in 1990. The race saw four drivers replaced by making their first Formula One start. Pirros appointment caused some unhappy faces among Benetton team management who allegedly had wanted a British driver to replace Herbert and they were overruled however by the team owners, the Italian Benetton Group who wanted an Italian driver. As a contracted McLaren test driver, Pirro needed permission to race for another Formula One Team, despite being allegedly unhappy, the Benetton team would become very impressed with Pirros testing abilities as he helped sort out the new Benetton B189 which Alessandro Nannini debuted in France. Pirro continued to drive the older B188 until a second B189 was made two races later in Germany. On the other hand, Brabham, who had generally dominated pre-qualifying, struggled with their Pirelli tyres at the abrasive Paul Ricard Circuit, stefano Modena only just pre-qualified, while Martin Brundle failed to pre-qualify for the second race in a row. The Dallara of Alex Caffi was the driver to qualify for the main field. Alliot, and with a point to prove, responded by qualifying a career high 7th, until that point it was a career best showing for Larrousse and its new for 1989 Lola LC89 chassis with its also new for 1989 Lamborghini V12 engine. In an indication of Pirellis struggles in France, only three cars using the Italian rubber made the race, caffis fast and experienced team mate Andrea de Cesaris, who had finished third at the previous race in Canada, failed to qualify his Pirelli shod Dallara-Ford. There was actually a little noticed second accident at the first turn as René Arnoux used Jonathan Palmers Tyrrell to retard the progress of his Ligier JS33, launching his front wheels in the air. Amazingly with Gugelmin still in his car, the French marshals then tipped the March back onto its wheels, all of the drivers involved took the restart, some in spare cars. Alain Prost won the race for McLaren-Honda, ahead of Nigel Mansell who started from the pit lane in Gerhard Bergers race car, Jean Alesi became an instant star when he drove his Tyrrell to 4th place and scored points on his F1 debut. Twelve cars failed to finish the race, seven of them with engine failures, One who failed to finish, or even restart, was World Champion Ayrton Senna, his McLarens differential failed as the cars got away for the second start. Senna actually got away, but as he changed to second gear the diff broke and it was the third Grand Prix in succession where Senna had retired due to mechanical failure and was the shortest Grand Prix of his illustrious career. Prosts second win for the season gave him an 11-point lead over Senna in the Drivers Championship, the race was Alain Prosts fourth win on home soil after wins at Dijon in 1981 and Paul Ricard in 1983 for Renault, and 1988 for McLaren. Note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
8.
Motorsport
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The terminology can also be used to describe forms of competition of two-wheeled motorised vehicles under the banner of motorcycle racing, and includes off-road racing such as motocross. Four- wheeled motorsport competition is governed by the Fédération Internationale de lAutomobile. In 1894, a French newspaper organised a race from Paris to Rouen and back, in 1900, the Gordon Bennett Cup was established. Closed circuit racing arose as open road racing, on roads, was banned. Brooklands was the first dedicated motor racing track in the United Kingdom, following World War I, European countries organised Grand Prix races over closed courses. In the United States, dirt track racing became popular, after World War II, the Grand Prix circuit became more formally organised. In the United States, stock car racing and drag racing became firmly established, motorsports ultimately became divided by types of motor vehicles into racing events, and their appropriate organisations. Open-wheel racing is a set of classes of vehicles, with their wheels outside of. However, in North America, the IndyCar series is their pinnacle open-wheeled racing series, more recently, new open-wheeled series have been created, originating in Europe, which omit the Formula moniker, such as GP2 and GP3. Former Formula series include Formula 5000 and Formula Two, the formula regulations contain a very strict set of rules which govern vehicle power, weight and size. In the United States, Indy Car is a class of single seat paved track racing and its premier race is the Indianapolis 500. Enclosed wheel racing is a set of classes of vehicles, where the wheels are primarily enclosed inside the bodywork of the vehicle, sports car racing is a set of classes of vehicles, over a closed course track, including sports cars, and specialised racing types. The premiere race is the 24 Hours of Le Mans which takes place annually in France during the month of June, sports car racing rules and specifications differentiate in North America from established international sanctioning bodies. Stock car racing is a set of vehicles, that race over a speedway track, while once stock cars, the vehicles are now purpose built, but resemble the body design and shape of production cars. NASCAR was organised in 1947, to flat track oval racing of production cars. Daytona Beach and Road Course was founded where land speed records were set on the beach, touring car racing is a set of vehicles, modified street cars, that race over closed purpose built race tracks and street courses. Motorsport was an event at the 1900 Summer Olympics
German
Pierluigi Martini
Johnny Cecotto
Yannick Dalmas
