Johannes van den Bosch
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Johannes, Count van den Bosch was a Dutch officer and politician. He was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, commander of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, Minister of Colonies, and Minis
Portrait by Raden Saleh, 1836
Second wife and son of Count van den Bosch by Cornelis Kruseman.
Cultivation System
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The Cultivation System was a system of forced labor used to grow cash crops to pay taxes and for export. It was Dutch government policy from 1830 until 1870 in its Dutch East Indies colony, requiring
Johannes van den Bosch
…rank of lieutenant general and was appointed Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. In this capacity, he is most famous for the introduction of the cultivation system in 1830. This system forced Javanese farmers to use a fifth of their farmland for export goods such as coffee, sugar and indigo. Van den Bosch returned…
Sorting tobacco leaves in Java during colonial period, in/before 1939.
Collecting natural rubbers in plantation in Java. Rubber tree was introduced by the Dutch from South America.
Nicolaes Visscher Indiae Orientalis