1.
Jeffersonville, Indiana
–
Jeffersonville /ˈdʒɛfərsənvɪl/ is a city in Clark County, Indiana, along the Ohio River. Locally, the city is referred to by the abbreviated name Jeff. It is directly across the Ohio River to the north of Louisville, Kentucky, the population was 44,953 at the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Clark County, in 1786 Fort Finney was situated where the Kennedy Bridge is today to protect the area from Indians, and a settlement grew around the fort. The fort was renamed in 1791 to Fort Steuben in honor of Baron von Steuben, in 1793 the fort was abandoned. Precisely when the settlement became known as Jeffersonville is unclear, but it was probably around 1801, in 1802 local residents used a grid pattern designed by Thomas Jefferson for the formation of a city. On September 13,1803, a post office was established in the city, in 1808 Indianas second federal land sale office was established in Jeffersonville, which initiated a growth in settling in Indiana that was further spurred by the end of the War of 1812. Shortly after formation, Jeffersonville was named to be the county seat of Clark County in 1802, in 1812 Charlestown was named the county seat, but the county seat returned to Jeffersonville in 1878, where it remains. However, it is debated by some that Dennis Pennington had some involvement to his location to Jeffersonville, the territorial legislature remained in Corydon and communicated with Posey by messenger. In 1825, General Lafayette visited Jeffersonville on his United States tour, the Civil War increased the importance of Jeffersonville, as the city was one of the principal gateways to the South during the war, due to its location directly opposite Louisville. It was served by three railroads from the north and had the waterway of the Ohio River and this factor influenced its selection as one of the principal bases for supplies and troops for the Union Army. Operating in the South, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad furnished the connecting link between Louisville and the rest of the South, camp Joe Holt was instrumental in keeping Kentucky within the Union. The third largest Civil War hospital, Jefferson General Hospital was located in nearby Port Fulton from 1864 to 1866, as it was close to the river and Louisville. The original land was seized by the government from the Honorable Jesse D. Bright, United States Senator. During the war it housed 16,120 patients in its 5,200 beds and was under the command of Dr. Middleton Goldsmith, the Jeffersonville Quartermaster Intermediate Depot had its first beginning in the early days of the Civil War, near its present location. By 1870, 17% of Jeffersonville residents were foreign-born, mostly from Germany, during the 1920s, Jeffersonville was a popular gathering place for the Ku Klux Klan, as Louisville and New Albany had strong anti-Klan laws and Jeffersonville did not. Gambling in the 1930s and 1940s was instrumental in Jeffersonvilles recovery from the Great Depression, casinos, betting parlors, night clubs, and even a dog track were present, giving the town the nickname Little Las Vegas. After Clarence Amster, a New Albany businessman was gunned down on July 2,1937, bottorff, ensured that the equipment was confiscated and the money at the casinos given to charity
Jeffersonville, Indiana
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Downtown Spring Street Historical District
Jeffersonville, Indiana
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Statue at
Warder Park honoring
Thomas Jefferson
Jeffersonville, Indiana
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City Hall in the Quadrangle complex
Jeffersonville, Indiana
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Part of
Jeffboat in Jeffersonville. Jeffboat is the largest inland shipbuilder in the U.S.
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
–
Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
3.
Interstate 65
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Interstate 65 is a major Interstate Highway in the central United States. As with most interstates that end in a five, it is a major cross-country, north-south route, I-65 connects several major metropolitan areas in the Midwest and Southern United States. It connects the four largest cities in Alabama and it also serves as one of the main north-south routes through Nashville, Tennessee, Louisville, Kentucky, and Indianapolis, Indiana, each a major metropolitan area in each respective state. In the state of Alabama, I-65 passes through or near four of the major metropolitan areas, Mobile, Montgomery, Birmingham. I-65 begins its path northward in Mobile at its junction with I-10, from I-10, I-65 runs west of downtown Mobile and through the northern suburbs of the city before turning northeasterly towards Montgomery. In Montgomery, I-65 connects with the terminus of I-85. In Birmingham, I-65 has an interchange with I-20/I-59, north of downtown, I-22 branches off I-65 towards Memphis. From Birmingham, I-65 continues north, crossing the Tennessee River near Decatur, a few miles north of the river, it interchanges with I-565, a short spur route which provides access to Huntsville. It then continues out of the Tennessee Valley to the state of Tennessee. I-65 enters Tennessee from the south near the town of Ardmore, then it reaches the outer parts of Columbia and making its way to Saturn Parkway, which brings travelers to the town of Spring Hill. I-65 then continues on to reach I-840 and progresses until it intersects SR96 at Franklin, then the highway goes through Brentwood, Nashville, Madison, Goodlettsville, White House, and then close to Portland, this highway passes into the state of Kentucky. I-65 enters the state five miles south of Franklin, throughout its length, it passes near Mammoth Cave National Park, Bernheim Forest, the National Corvette Museum and the Fort Knox Military Reservation. I-65 has intersections with four of the parkways in the state, the first major junction is with the William H. Natcher Parkway at Bowling Green, followed by the Cumberland Parkway north of the city between Smiths Grove and Park City. At Elizabethtown, it has two more interchanges with the Wendell H. Ford Western Kentucky Parkway and the Martha Layne Collins Bluegrass Parkway. I-65 also has interchanges with I-265, I-264, I-64, the widest stretch of Interstate 65 in its entirety is in Louisville at Kentucky Route 1065, where the main line is 14 lanes wide. The highway crosses the Ohio River into Indiana on the John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge, the latter bridge opened in October 2016 as part of the Ohio River Bridges Project. Prior to the project, the Kennedy Bridge carried traffic in both directions, the project also included reconstruction of the I-65/I-64/I-71 convergence interchange just south of the Kennedy Bridge, plus renovating the older span to carry six lanes of southbound traffic. At one time, the stretch of I-65 from Louisville to Elizabethtown was a road bearing the Kentucky Turnpike name
Interstate 65
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Approaching an exit for I-65 in downtown Birmingham
Interstate 65
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Interstate 65
Interstate 65
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Interstate 65 southbound in
Nashville.
Interstate 65
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Interstate 65 northbound at the
William H. Natcher Parkway in
Bowling Green, Kentucky
4.
Ohio River
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The Ohio River, which streams westward from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River in the United States. The 981-mile river flows through or along the border of six states, through its largest tributary, the Tennessee River, the basin includes many of the states of the southeastern U. S. It is the source of drinking water for three million people and it is named in Iroquoian or Seneca, Ohi, yó, lit. Good River or Shawnee, Pelewathiipi and Spelewathiipi, the river had great significance in the history of the Native Americans, as numerous civilizations formed along its valley. For thousands of years, Native Americans used the river as a major transportation, in 1669, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle led a French expedition to the Ohio River, becoming the first Europeans to see it. After European-American settlement, the served as a border between present-day Kentucky and Indian Territories. It was a transportation route for pioneers during the westward expansion of the early U. S. In his Notes on the State of Virginia published in 1781–82, Thomas Jefferson stated and its current gentle, waters clear, and bosom smooth and unbroken by rocks and rapids, a single instance only excepted. During the 19th century, the river was the boundary of the Northwest Territory. Where the river was narrow, it was the way to freedom for thousands of slaves escaping to the North, many helped by free blacks and whites of the Underground Railroad resistance movement. The Ohio River is a transition area, as its water runs along the periphery of the humid subtropical. It is inhabited by fauna and flora of both climates, in winter, it regularly freezes over at Pittsburgh but rarely further south toward Cincinnati and Louisville. At Paducah, Kentucky, in the south, near the Ohios confluence with the Mississippi, Paducah was founded there because it is the northernmost ice-free reach of the Ohio. The Ohio River is formed by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers at Point State Park in Pittsburgh, from there, it flows northwest through Allegheny and Beaver counties, before making an abrupt turn to the south-southwest at the West Virginia–Ohio–Pennsylvania triple-state line. From there, it forms the border between West Virginia and Ohio, upstream of Wheeling, West Virginia, the river then follows a roughly southwest and then west-northwest course until Cincinnati, before bending to a west-southwest course for most of its length. The course forms the borders of West Virginia and Kentucky. The Ohio drains parts of 15 states in four regions, northeast New York, a small area of the southern border along the headwaters of the Allegheny. Pennsylvania, a corridor from the corner to north central border
Ohio River
–
The widest point on the Ohio River is just west of
Downtown Louisville, where it is one mile (1.6 km) wide
Ohio River
–
Ohio River basin
Ohio River
–
The
Allegheny River, left, and
Monongahela River join to form the Ohio River at
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the largest metropolitan area on the river.
Ohio River
–
The 1849
Wheeling Suspension Bridge was the first bridge across the river.
5.
Louisville, Kentucky
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Louisville is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 30th-most populous city in the United States. It is one of two cities in Kentucky designated as first-class, the other being the states second-largest city of Lexington, Louisville is the historical seat and, since 2003, the nominal seat of Jefferson County. Louisville was founded in 1778 by George Rogers Clark and is named after King Louis XVI of France, making Louisville one of the oldest cities west of the Appalachian Mountains. Sited beside the Falls of the Ohio, the major obstruction to river traffic between the upper Ohio River and the Gulf of Mexico, the settlement first grew as a portage site. It was the city of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. Its main airport is also the site of United Parcel Services worldwide air hub, since 2003, Louisvilles borders have been the same as those of Jefferson County because of a city-county merger. The official name of this consolidated city-county government is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government, the citys total consolidated population as of the 2014 census estimate was 760,026. However, the total of 612,780 excludes other incorporated places and semiautonomous towns within the county and is the population listed in most sources. As of 2014, the MSA had a population of 1,269,702, the history of Louisville spans hundreds of years, and has been influenced by the areas geography and location. The rapids at the Falls of the Ohio created a barrier to river travel, the first European settlement in the vicinity of modern-day Louisville was on Corn Island in 1778 by Col. George Rogers Clark, credited as the founder of Louisville. Several landmarks in the community are named after him, two years later, in 1780, the Virginia General Assembly approved the town charter of Louisville. The city was named in honor of King Louis XVI of France, early residents lived in forts to protect themselves from Indian raids, but moved out by the late 1780s. In 1803, explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark organized their expedition across America in the town of Clarksville, Indiana at the present-day Falls of the Ohio opposite Louisville, Kentucky. The citys early growth was influenced by the fact river boats had to be unloaded and moved downriver before reaching the falls. By 1828, the population had swelled to 7,000, the city grew rapidly in its formative years. Louisville was a shipping port and slaves worked in a variety of associated trades. The city was often a point of escape for slaves to the north, during the Civil War, Louisville was a major stronghold of Union forces, which kept Kentucky firmly in the Union. It was the center of planning, supplies, recruiting, and transportation for numerous campaigns, by the end of the war, Louisville had not been attacked, although skirmishes and battles, including the battles of Perryville and Corydon, took place nearby
Louisville, Kentucky
–
From top:
Louisville downtown skyline at night,
Cathedral of the Assumption,
Thunder Over Louisville fireworks during the
Kentucky Derby Festival,
Kentucky Derby,
Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory,
Fourth Street Live!,
The Kentucky Center for the Performing Arts
Louisville, Kentucky
–
Louisville's founder,
George Rogers Clark
Louisville, Kentucky
–
View of Main Street Louisville in 1846
Louisville, Kentucky
–
Memorial to the
1890 tornado, on Main Street in
downtown Louisville
6.
Cantilever bridge
–
A cantilever bridge is a bridge built using cantilevers, structures that project horizontally into space, supported on only one end. Engineers in the nineteenth century understood that a bridge that was continuous across multiple supports would distribute the loads among them and this would result in lower stresses in the girder or truss and meant that longer spans could be built. Several nineteenth century engineers patented continuous bridges with hinge points mid-span, the use of a hinge in the multi-span system presented the advantages of a statically determinate system and of a bridge that could handle differential settlement of the foundations. Engineers could more easily calculate the forces and stresses with a hinge in the girder, heinrich Gerber was one of the engineers to obtain a patent for a hinged girder and is recognized as the first to build one. The Hassfurt Bridge over the Main river in Germany with a span of 124 feet was completed in 1867 and is recognized as the first modern cantilever bridge. The High Bridge of Kentucky by C, the Kentucky River Bridge spanned a gorge that was 275 feet deep and took full advantage of the fact that falsework, or temporary support, is not needed for the main span of a cantilever bridge. The most famous early cantilever bridge is the Forth Bridge and this bridge held the record for longest span in the world for seventeen years, until it was surpassed by the Quebec Bridge. Benjamin Baker illustrated the principles of the suspended span cantilever in the photo on the left. The suspended span, where Kaichi Watanabe sits, is seen in the center, the need to resist compression of the lower chord is seen in the use of wooden poles while the tension of the upper chord is shown by the outstretched arms. The action of the foundations as anchors for the cantilever is visible in the placement of the counterweights. A simple cantilever span is formed by two arms extending from opposite sides of an obstacle to be crossed, meeting at the center. In a common variant, the span, the cantilever arms do not meet in the center, instead. The suspended span may be built off-site and lifted into place, thus, in a bridge built on two foundation piers, there are four cantilever arms, two which span the obstacle, and two anchor arms which extend away from the obstacle. Because of the need for strength at the balanced cantilevers supports. The Commodore Barry Bridge is an example of type of cantilever bridge. Steel truss cantilevers support loads by tension of the upper members, commonly, the structure distributes the tension via the anchor arms to the outermost supports, while the compression is carried to the foundations beneath the central towers. Many truss cantilever bridges use pinned joints and are statically determinate with no members carrying mixed loads. Prestressed concrete balanced cantilever bridges are built using segmental construction
Cantilever bridge
–
The
Pierre Pflimlin bridge is a balanced cantilever made of concrete, shown here under construction.
Cantilever bridge
–
The original style of cantilever bridge
Cantilever bridge
–
Cantilever Bridge
Cantilever bridge
–
The
Quebec Bridge is of the general structure demonstrated above.
7.
Kentucky
–
Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States. Kentucky is one of four U. S. states constituted as a commonwealth, originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States, Kentucky is known as the Bluegrass State, a nickname based on the bluegrass found in many of its pastures due to the fertile soil. One of the regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky. In 1776, the counties of Virginia beyond the Appalachian Mountains became known as Kentucky County, the precise etymology of the name is uncertain, but likely based on an Iroquoian name meaning the meadow or the prairie. Kentucky is situated in the Upland South, a significant portion of eastern Kentucky is part of Appalachia. Kentucky borders seven states, from the Midwest and the Southeast, West Virginia lies to the east, Virginia to the southeast, Tennessee to the south, Missouri to the west, Illinois and Indiana to the northwest, and Ohio to the north and northeast. Only Missouri and Tennessee, both of which border eight states, touch more, Kentuckys northern border is formed by the Ohio River and its western border by the Mississippi River. The official state borders are based on the courses of the rivers as they existed when Kentucky became a state in 1792, for instance, northbound travelers on U. S.41 from Henderson, after crossing the Ohio River, will be in Kentucky for about two miles. Ellis Park, a racetrack, is located in this small piece of Kentucky. Waterworks Road is part of the land border between Indiana and Kentucky. Kentucky has a part known as Kentucky Bend, at the far west corner of the state. It exists as an exclave surrounded completely by Missouri and Tennessee, Road access to this small part of Kentucky on the Mississippi River requires a trip through Tennessee. The epicenter of the powerful 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes was near this area, much of the outer Bluegrass is in the Eden Shale Hills area, made up of short, steep, and very narrow hills. The Jackson Purchase and western Pennyrile are home to several bald cypress/tupelo swamps, located within the southeastern interior portion of North America, Kentucky has a climate that can best be described as a humid subtropical climate. Temperatures in Kentucky usually range from daytime summer highs of 87 °F to the low of 23 °F. The average precipitation is 46 inches a year, Kentucky experiences four distinct seasons, with substantial variations in the severity of summer and winter. The highest recorded temperature was 114 °F at Greensburg on July 28,1930 while the lowest recorded temperature was −37 °F at Shelbyville on January 19,1994, due to its location, Kentucky has a moderate humid subtropical climate, with abundant rainfall
Kentucky
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Narrow country roads bounded by stone and wood plank fences are a fixture in the Kentucky
Bluegrass region.
Kentucky
Kentucky
–
Kentucky's regions (click on image for color-coding information.)
Kentucky
–
The
Eastern Kentucky Coalfield is known for its rugged terrain.
8.
Indiana
–
Indiana /ɪndiˈænə/ is a U. S. state located in the midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America. Indiana is the 38th largest by area and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States and its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U. S. state on December 11,1816, before becoming a territory, varying cultures of indigenous peoples and historic Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years. Indiana has an economy with a gross state product of $298 billion in 2012. Indiana has several areas with populations greater than 100,000. The states name means Land of the Indians, or simply Indian Land and it also stems from Indianas territorial history. On May 7,1800, the United States Congress passed legislation to divide the Northwest Territory into two areas and named the section the Indiana Territory. In 1816, when Congress passed an Enabling Act to begin the process of establishing statehood for Indiana, a resident of Indiana is officially known as a Hoosier. The first inhabitants in what is now Indiana were the Paleo-Indians, divided into small groups, the Paleo-Indians were nomads who hunted large game such as mastodons. They created stone tools made out of chert by chipping, knapping and flaking, the Archaic period, which began between 5000 and 4000 BC, covered the next phase of indigenous culture. The people developed new tools as well as techniques to cook food, such new tools included different types of spear points and knives, with various forms of notches. They made ground-stone tools such as axes, woodworking tools. During the latter part of the period, they built mounds and middens. The Archaic period ended at about 1500 BC, although some Archaic people lived until 700 BC, afterward, the Woodland period took place in Indiana, where various new cultural attributes appeared. During this period, the people created ceramics and pottery, an early Woodland period group named the Adena people had elegant burial rituals, featuring log tombs beneath earth mounds. In the middle portion of the Woodland period, the Hopewell people began developing long-range trade of goods, nearing the end of the stage, the people developed highly productive cultivation and adaptation of agriculture, growing such crops as corn and squash. The Woodland period ended around 1000 AD, the Mississippian culture emerged, lasting from 1000 until the 15th century, shortly before the arrival of Europeans. During this stage, the people created large urban settlements designed according to their cosmology, with mounds and plazas defining ceremonial
Indiana
–
State sign,
Interstate 65
Indiana
–
Flag
Indiana
–
Native Americans guide French explorers through Indiana, as depicted by
Maurice Thompson in Stories of Indiana.
Indiana
–
Child laborers in glassworks, by
Lewis Hine. Indiana, August 1908.
9.
U.S. President
–
The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation
U.S. President
–
Incumbent
Barack Obama since January 20, 2009 (2009-01-20)
U.S. President
–
Presidential Seal
U.S. President
–
Obama signing legislation at the
Resolute desk
U.S. President
–
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, successfully preserved the
Union during the
American Civil War
10.
John F. Kennedy
–
Kennedy was a member of the Democratic Party, and his New Frontier domestic program was largely enacted as a memorial to him after his death. Kennedy also established the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963, Kennedys time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states. He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower, in Cuba, a failed attempt was made at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro in April 1961. He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain approval for a war against Cuba. After military service in the United States Naval Reserve in World War II and he was elected subsequently to the U. S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated Vice President, and Republican presidential candidate, Richard Nixon in the 1960 U. S, at age 43, he became the youngest elected president and the second-youngest president. Kennedy was also the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president, to date, Kennedy has been the only Roman Catholic president and the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on November 22,1963, Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested that afternoon and determined to have fired the shots that hit the President from a sixth floor window of the Texas School Book Depository. Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby fatally shot Oswald two days later in a jail corridor, then-Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson succeeded Kennedy after he died in the hospital. The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin, the majority of Americans alive at the time of the assassination, and continuing through 2013, believed that there was a conspiracy and that Oswald was not the only shooter. Since the 1960s, information concerning Kennedys private life has come to light, including his health problems, Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians polls of U. S. presidents and with the general public. His average approval rating of 70% is the highest of any president in Gallups history of systematically measuring job approval and his grandfathers P. J. Kennedy and Boston Mayor John F. Fitzgerald were both Massachusetts politicians. All four of his grandparents were the children of Irish immigrants, Kennedy had an elder brother, Joseph Jr. and seven younger siblings, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, Jean, and Ted. Kennedy lived in Brookline for ten years and attended the Edward Devotion School, the Noble and Greenough Lower School, and the Dexter School through 4th grade. In 1927, the Kennedy family moved to a stately twenty-room, Georgian-style mansion at 5040 Independence Avenue in the Hudson Hill neighborhood of Riverdale, Bronx and he attended the lower campus of Riverdale Country School, a private school for boys, from 5th to 7th grade. Two years later, the moved to 294 Pondfield Road in the New York City suburb of Bronxville, New York. The Kennedy family spent summers at their home in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, in September 1930, Kennedy—then 13 years old—attended the Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut. In late April 1931, he required an appendectomy, after which he withdrew from Canterbury, in September 1931, Kennedy attended Choate, a boarding school in Wallingford, Connecticut, for 9th through 12th grade
John F. Kennedy
–
John F. Kennedy
John F. Kennedy
–
The Kennedy family at
Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, in 1931 with Jack at top left in white shirt. Ted was born the following year.
John F. Kennedy
–
Lieutenant (junior grade) John F. Kennedy (standing at right) with his PT-109 crew, 1943.
John F. Kennedy
–
Kennedy on his navy patrol boat, the
PT-109, 1943.
11.
President of the United States
–
The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation
President of the United States
–
Incumbent
Barack Obama since January 20, 2009 (2009-01-20)
President of the United States
–
Presidential Seal
President of the United States
–
Obama signing legislation at the
Resolute desk
President of the United States
–
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, successfully preserved the
Union during the
American Civil War
12.
John F. Kennedy assassination
–
On November 22,1963, John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was fatally shot in Dallas, Texas while riding in a motorcade in Dallas Dealey Plaza, at 12,30 p. m. Fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald, he was traveling with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, Kennedys death marked the fourth and most recent assassination of an American President. The Committee was not able to identify any individuals or groups involved with the conspiracy, in addition, the HSCA found that the original federal investigations were seriously flawed in respect of information-sharing and the possibility of conspiracy. As recommended by the HSCA, the evidence indicating conspiracy was subsequently re-examined and rejected. However, Kennedys assassination is still the subject of debate and has spawned numerous conspiracy theories. Polling in 2013 showed that 60% of Americans believe that a group of conspirators was responsible for the assassination, President Kennedy traveled to Texas to smooth over frictions in the Democratic Party between liberals Ralph Yarborough and Don Yarborough and conservative John Connally. A presidential visit to the state of Texas was first agreed upon by Lyndon B. Johnson, President John F. Kennedys vice president, and Texas native, President Kennedys trip to Dallas was first announced to the public in September 1963. The exact motorcade route was finalized on November 18 and announced to the public a few days before November 22, the White House staff informed the Secret Service that the President would arrive there via a short flight from Carswell Air Force Base in Fort Worth to Dallas Love Field. Leaving from Dallas Love Field,45 minutes had been allotted for the motorcade to reach the Trade Mart at an arrival time of 12,15 p. m. The actual route was chosen to be a meandering 10-mile route between the two places, which could be driven slowly in the allotted time, on November 14, both men attended a meeting at Love Field and drove over the route that Sorrels believed best suited for the motorcade. From Love Field, the route passed through a portion of Dallas, through Downtown along Main Street. The planned route to the Trade Mart was widely reported in Dallas newspapers several days before the event, for the benefit of people who wished to view the motorcade. The route on Main Street precluded a direct turn onto the Fort Worth Turnpike exit, the Texas School Book Depository was situated at this corner of Houston and Elm. Three vehicles were used for Secret Service and police protection in the Dallas motorcade, the first car, an unmarked white Ford, carried Dallas Police Chief Jesse Curry, Secret Service Agent Win Lawson, Sheriff Bill Decker and Dallas Field Agent Forrest Sorrels. The second car, a 1961 Lincoln Continental convertible, held driver Agent Bill Greer, SAIC Roy Kellerman, Governor John Connally, Nellie Connally, President Kennedy, Secret Service agents Clint Hill, Jack Ready, Tim McIntyre and Paul Landis rode on the running boards. By the time the motorcade reached Dealey Plaza, they were five minutes away from their planned destination. At 12,30 p. m. President, you cant say Dallas doesnt love you and those were the last words ever spoken by John F. Kennedy
John F. Kennedy assassination
–
An
aerial view of
Dealey Plaza showing the route of President Kennedy's motorcade
John F. Kennedy assassination
–
President Kennedy with his wife, Jacqueline, and
Texas Governor John Connally and his wife, Nellie, in the
presidential limousine, minutes before the President's assassination
John F. Kennedy assassination
–
Ike Altgens ' photo of the Presidential limousine taken between the first and second shots that hit President Kennedy. President Kennedy's left hand is in front of his throat and Mrs. Kennedy's left hand is holding his arm.
John F. Kennedy assassination
–
Polaroid photo by
Mary Ann Moorman taken a fraction of a second after the fatal shot (detail).
13.
Governor of Kentucky
–
The Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky is the head of the executive branch of government in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Fifty-seven men and one woman have served as Governor of Kentucky, the governors term is four years in length, since 1992, incumbents have been able to seek re-election once before becoming ineligible for four years. Throughout the states history, four men have served two terms as governor, and two others have served two consecutive terms. Kentucky is one of only five U. S. states that hold gubernatorial elections in odd-numbered years immediately before the United States Presidential Election, the current governor is Matt Bevin, who was first elected in 2015. The governors powers are enumerated in the state constitution, there have been four constitutions of Kentucky—adopted in 1792,1799,1850, and 1891, respectively—and each has enlarged the governors authority. Among the powers appropriated to the governor in the constitution are the ability to grant pardons, veto legislation, the governor serves as commander-in-chief of the states military forces and is empowered to enforce all laws of the state. Because Kentuckys governor controls so many appointments to commissions, the office has been considered one of the most powerful state executive positions in the United States. The history of the office of Governor is largely one of long periods of domination by a single party, Federalists were rare among Kentuckians during the period of the First Party System, and Democratic Republicans won every gubernatorial election in the state until 1828. The Second Party System began when the Democratic-Republicans split into Jacksonian Democrats, beginning with the election of Thomas Metcalfe in 1828, the Whigs dominated the governorship until 1851, with John Breathitt being the only Democrat elected during that period. Since 1931, only four Republicans have served as governor of Kentucky, current governor Matt Bevin, in all four Kentucky constitutions, the first power enumerated to the governor is to serve as commander-in-chief of the states militia and military forces. In 1799, a stipulation was added that the governor would not personally lead troops on the battlefield unless advised to do so by a resolution of the General Assembly. Such a case occurred in 1813 when Governor Isaac Shelby, a veteran of the Revolutionary War, was asked to lead a band of Kentucky troops to aid William Henry Harrison at the Battle of the Thames. For his service, Shelby received the Thanks of Congress and the Congressional Gold Medal, the 1891 constitution further required that, with each application for a pardon, the governor file a statement of the reasons for his decision thereon, which. Shall always be open to public inspection and this requirement was first proposed by a delegate to the 1850 constitutional convention, but it was rejected at that time. The power of the governor to adjourn the General Assembly for a period of up to four months if the two houses cannot agree on a time to adjourn appears in all four constitutions, the governor is also empowered to convene the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions. This was an important provision in the days of the Commonwealth. Taylor claimed a state of insurrection existed in the capital, the 1891 constitution added a provision that the governor must specify the reason for any specially-called legislative session, and that no other business could be considered during the session. There is, however, no requirement that the legislature conduct any business during the called session
Governor of Kentucky
–
Incumbent
Steve Beshear since December 11, 2007
Governor of Kentucky
–
Seal of Kentucky
Governor of Kentucky
–
The governor's office
Governor of Kentucky
–
Happy Chandler created greater efficiency in state government under the Reorganization Act of 1936.
14.
Bert T. Combs
–
Bertram Bert Thomas Combs was a jurist and politician from the U. S. state of Kentucky. After serving on the Kentucky Court of Appeals, he was elected the 50th Governor of Kentucky in 1959 on his run for the office. Following his gubernatorial term, he was appointed to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals by President Lyndon B, Johnson, serving from 1967 to 1970. Combs rose from poverty in his native Clay County, Kentucky, to obtain a law degree from the University of Kentucky and he was decorated for prosecuting Japanese war criminals before military tribunals during World War II, then returned to Kentucky and his law practice. In 1951, Governor Lawrence Wetherby appointed him to fill a vacancy on the Kentucky Court of Appeals, later that year, he was elected to a full term on the court, defeating former governor and judge Simeon S. Willis. Kentuckys Democratic Party had split into two factions by 1955 when Earle C, Clements, the leader of one faction, chose Combs to challenge A. B. Happy Chandler, who headed the other, in the gubernatorial primary. Combs uninspiring speeches and candidness about the need for state revenue cost him the primary election. Chandler, who went on to win the governorship, had promised that he would not need to raise taxes to meet the financial obligations. This damaged Chandlers credibility and left Combs looking courageous and honest in the eyes of the electorate, consequently, in 1959, Combs was elected governor, defeating Harry Lee Waterfield, Chandlers choice to succeed him in office, in the primary. Early in his term, Combs secured passage of a three percent sales tax to pay a bonus to the military veterans. Knowing a tax of one percent would have sufficient, he used the excess revenue to enact a system of reforms including expansion of the states highway. He also devoted much of the surplus to education, following his term in office, Combs was appointed to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals by President Johnson. He served for three years before resigning and running for governor again in 1971 and he lost in the Democratic primary to Wendell H. Ford, his former executive secretary. In 1984, Combs agreed to represent sixty-six of the states school districts in a lawsuit challenging the states system of financing public education. The suit, Rose v. Council for Better Education, resulted in the Kentucky Supreme Court declaring the entire system of public schools unconstitutional. In response, the Kentucky General Assembly drafted a sweeping education measure known as the Kentucky Education Reform Act in 1991, on December 3,1991, Combs was caught in a flash flood while driving home from his law office. His body was found in the Red River near Rosslyn, in Powell County, the coroner determined that he died of hypothermia
Bert T. Combs
–
Combs in 1960
Bert T. Combs
–
Happy Chandler, Combs' opponent in the 1955 gubernatorial race
Bert T. Combs
–
The Albert B. Chandler Hospital was completed with funds from Combs' first biennial budget.
Bert T. Combs
–
Wendell Ford defeated Combs in the 1971 Democratic gubernatorial primary.
15.
Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
–
The Transportation Cabinet is led by the Kentucky Secretary of Transportation, who is appointed by the governor of Kentucky. The current Secretary is Mike Hancock, who was appointed by Democratic Governor Steve Beshear, as of October 2012, KYTC maintains 27,562.975 miles of roadways in the state. The Transportation Cabinet is composed of four operating Departments, headed by Commissioners and those units are subdivided into Divisions headed by Directors
Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
–
Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
–
The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet headquarters in
Frankfort, Kentucky.
16.
Cable-stayed bridge
–
A cable-stayed bridge has one or more towers, from which cables support the bridge deck. A distinctive feature are the cables run directly from the tower to the deck. The cable-stayed bridge is optimal for spans longer than cantilever bridges and this is the range where cantilever bridges would rapidly grow heavier if the span were lengthened, while suspension bridge cabling would not be more economical if the span were shortened. Cable-stayed bridges have been known since the 16th century and used widely since the 19th, early examples often combined features from both the cable-stayed and suspension designs, including the famous Brooklyn Bridge. The design fell from favor through the 20th century as larger gaps were bridged using pure suspension designs, Cable-stayed bridges date back to 1595, where designs were found in Machinae Novae, a book by Venetian inventor Fausto Veranzio. Their designers found that the combination of technologies created a stiffer bridge, john A. Roebling took particular advantage of this to limit deformations due to railway loads in the Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge. Eduardo Torroja designed an aqueduct at Tempul in 1926. Albert Caquots 1952 concrete-decked cable-stayed bridge over the Donzère-Mondragon canal at Pierrelatte is one of the first of the modern type, the steel-decked Strömsund Bridge designed by Franz Dischinger is, therefore, more often cited as the first modern cable-stayed bridge. Other key pioneers included Fabrizio de Miranda, Riccardo Morandi, early bridges from this period used very few stay cables, as in the Theodor Heuss Bridge. However, this involves substantial erection costs, and more modern structures tend to use many more cables to ensure greater economy, Cable-stayed bridges may appear to be similar to suspension bridges, but in fact, they are quite different in principle and in their construction. In suspension bridges, large main cables hang between the towers and are anchored at each end to the ground and this can be difficult to implement when ground conditions are poor. The main cables, which are free to move on bearings in the towers, before the deck is installed, the cables are under tension from their own weight. Along the main cables smaller cables or rods connect to the bridge deck, as this is done, the tension in the cables increases, as it does with the live load of traffic crossing the bridge. The tension on the cables is transferred to the ground at the anchorages. Difference between types of bridges In the cable-stayed bridge, the towers are the primary load-bearing structures which transmit the loads to the ground. A cantilever approach is used to support the bridge deck near the towers. The mono design uses a cable from its towers and is one of the lesser-used examples of the class. In the harp or parallel design, the cables are nearly parallel so that the height of their attachment to the tower is proportional to the distance from the tower to their mounting on the deck
Cable-stayed bridge
–
The
Russky Bridge, the world's longest cable-stayed bridge
Cable-stayed bridge
–
Cable-stayed bridge by the
Renaissance polymath
Fausto Veranzio, from 1595/1616
Cable-stayed bridge
–
Abdoun Bridge,
Amman,
Jordan
Cable-stayed bridge
–
Rio-Antirio bridge,
Patras,
Greece
17.
Toll bridge
–
A toll bridge is a bridge over which traffic may pass upon payment of a toll, or fee. The practice of collecting tolls on bridges harks back to the days of ferry crossings where people paid a fee to be ferried across stretches of water, as boats became impractical to carry large loads, ferry operators looked for new sources of revenue. Having built a bridge, they hoped to recoup their investment by charging tolls for people, animals, vehicles, and goods to cross it. The original London Bridge across the river Thames opened as a toll bridge, using interest on its capital assets, the trust now owns and runs all seven central London bridges at no cost to taxpayers or users. In the United States, private ownership of toll bridges peaked in the mid-19th century, in some instances, a quasi-governmental authority was formed, and toll revenue bonds were issued to raise funds for construction and/or operation of the facility. Peters and Kramer observed that. little research has been done to quantify the impact of collection on society as a whole. And therefore they published an analysis of the Total Societal Cost associated with toll collection as a means of taxation. TSC is the sum of administrative, compliance, fuel and pollution costs, in 2000 they estimated it to be $56,914,732, or 37. 3% of revenue collected. Nakamura and Kockelman show that tolls are by nature regressive, shifting the burden of taxation disproportionately to the poor and middle classes. Electronic toll collection, branded under names such as EZ-Pass, SunPass, IPass, FasTrak, Treo, GoodToGo, electronic tolling proposals that represented the shadow price of electronic toll collection may have misled decision makers. Consumers have additionally endured an increased administrative burden associated with paying toll bills, additionally, visitors to a region may incur e-toll tag fees imposed by their rental car company. The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 identified and attempted to address a problem associated with the government collection of information. Approvals were to be secured by government agencies before promulgating a paper form, website, however, the act did not anticipate and thus address the consumer burden associated with funding infrastructure via electronic toll collection instead of through more traditional forms of taxation. In some instances, tolls have been removed after retirement of the toll revenue bonds issued to raise funds for construction and/or operation of the facility, sometimes citizens revolt against toll plazas, as was the case in Jacksonville, Florida. Tolls were in place on four bridges crossing the St. Johns River and these tolls paid for the respective bridges as well as many other highway projects. As Jacksonville continued to grow, the tolls created bottlenecks on the roadway, in 1988, Jacksonville voters chose to eliminate all the toll booths and replace the revenue with a ½ cent sales tax increase. In 1989, the booths were removed,36 years after the first toll booth went up. In Scotland, the Scottish Parliament purchased the Skye Bridge from its owners in late 2004, in 2004, the German government cancelled a contract with the Toll Collect syndicate after much negative publicity
Toll bridge
–
Toll booth at
Mississippi River Bridge at
St. Louis, Missouri U.S. Library of Congress
Toll bridge
–
Paying toll on passing a bridge.--From a painted window in the
Tournai Cathedral (15th century).
Toll bridge
–
The bridge
Vidyasagar Setu illuminated at night in
Kolkata (
India).
Toll bridge
–
Toll plaza at the Rainbow Bridge,
Niagara County, New York U.S. Library of Congress
18.
Kennedy Interchange
–
It is named for the John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge located immediately to the north of the interchange. The Kennedy Interchange was designed by Barstow, Mulligan and Vollmer, construction began in the spring of 1962 and when it was complete, the design was adequate to handle the traffic needs of the time. Henry Ward, a member of the Louisville Chamber of Commerce in 1958, at that time, Henry Ward, who would later become the state Highway Commissioner from 1960 to 1967, stated that downtown Louisville felt it would be disastrous for it to be bypassed by the interstate. There was tremendous pressure from both sides to push the highway system through downtown. Later on in 1996, he reflected back and stated that, I think downtown Louisville would have been better off if Interstate 65 had not been located where it is. In 1996, the Ohio River Major Investment Study suggested rebuilding the Kennedy Interchange at a cost of $120.5 million and it stated that during rush hour, traffic congests at the interchange causing pollution and creating potential accidents since it has a high crash rate. From 1996 to 1998, there were 261 crashes for every 100 million miles traveled within the Kennedy Interchange, the study recommended that two new bridges be constructed, one downtown and one linking the two segments of I-265. Representatives Anne Northup and Lee H. Hamilton, two politicians, secured $40 million for an environmental impact study that was completed in 2002. This allowed design of the new junction and bridges to commence, some of the ramps do not conform to modern interstate standards. Although the I-65 Kennedy Bridge was restriped for narrower northbound lanes in the 1990s, some complications at the interchange include the facts that westbound traffic from I-64 cannot exit to I-71 and that southbound traffic from I-71 cannot exit to eastbound I-64. The states of Kentucky and Indiana have approved a project, namely the Ohio River Bridges Project. On October 27,2005, the plans for a redesign for the Kennedy Interchange were revealed by the QK4 engineering firm. The $1.1 billion project entails rebuilding the I-64, I-65 and this is part of the $2.46 billion Ohio River Bridges Project that will build a parallel I-65 span and a new I-265 crossing by 2017. The new downtown span and the interchange will be a change from the existing setup. Changes slated for the Spaghetti Junction, Downtown Bridges Project, I-64 will feature two lanes in each direction rather than being funneled into one lane, widening the shoulders to 12 feet. Building new I-65 overpasses in the downtown at Brook, Floyd and Chestnut streets to make the spaces beneath brighter and more attractive to pedestrians, New landscaping would also be placed. Incorporating the new Northbound I-65 bridge into the freeway and street matrix, incorporating the re-built John F. Kennedy Bridge as a southbound-only 6 lane bridge for I-65. On December 7,2015, the new Abraham Lincoln Bridge opened to northbound traffic, before 2016, southbound traffic is to be moved to the new bridge, so the Kennedy can be repaired
Kennedy Interchange
–
Kennedy Interchange
19.
The Courier-Journal
–
The Courier-Journal, locally called The Courier or The C-J, is the main newspaper for the city of Louisville, Kentucky, United States. According to the 1999 Editor & Publisher International Yearbook, the paper is the 48th-largest daily paper in the U. S. the Courier-Journal was created from the merger of several newspapers introduced in Kentucky in the 19th century. Pioneer paper The Focus of Politics, Commerce and Literature, was founded in 1826 in Louisville when the city was a settlement of less than 7,000 individuals. In 1830 a new newspaper, The Louisville Daily Journal, began distribution in the city and, in 1832, absorbed The Focus of Politics, Commerce and Literature. The Journal was an organ of the Whig Party, founded and edited by George D. Prentice, Prentice would edit the Journal for more than 40 years. In 1844, another newspaper, the Louisville Morning Courier was founded in Louisville by Walter Newman Haldeman, the Courier was suppressed by the Union and had to move to Nashville, but returned to Louisville after the war. In 1868, an ailing Prentice persuaded the 28-year-old Henry Watterson to come edit for the Journal, during secret negotiations in 1868, The Journal and the Courier merged and the first edition of The Courier-Journal was delivered to Louisvillians on Sunday morning, November 8,1868. Henry Watterson, the son of a Tennessee congressman, had written for Harpers Magazine and he became nationally known for his work as The Courier-Journal emerged as the regions leading paper. He supported the Democratic Party and pushed for the industrialization of Kentucky and he attracted controversy for attempting to prove that Christopher Marlowe had actually written the works of Shakespeare. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 1917 for editorials demanding the United States enter World War I, the Courier-Journal founded a companion afternoon edition of the paper, The Louisville Times, in May 1884. In 1896, Watterson and Haldeman opposed Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan over his support of Free Silver coinage and this unpopular decision upset readers and advertisers, many of whom pulled their support for The Courier-Journal. Kentucky voted for the Republican candidate in 1896, the first time in state history, only the popularity of The Louisville Times, which had no strong editorial reputation, saved the newspaper company from bankruptcy. The Courier supported Bryan in future elections, Haldeman had owned the papers until his death in 1902, and by 1917 they were owned by his son, William, and Henry Watterson. On August 8,1918, Robert Worth Bingham purchased two-thirds interest in the newspapers, the liberal Bingham clashed with longtime editor Watterson, who remained on board, but was in the twilight of his career. Wattersons editorials opposing the League of Nations appeared alongside Binghams favoring it, I have always regarded the newspapers owned by me as a public trust and have endeavored so to conduct them as to render the greatest public service. As publisher, Bingham set the tone for his editorial pages, and pushed for improved education, support of African Americans. During Barry Bingham, Sr. s tenure, the paper was considered Kentuckys Newspaper of Record, in 1971, Barry Bingham, Jr. succeeded his father as the newspapers editor and publisher. The Binghams were well-liked owners popularly credited with being more concerned with publishing quality journalism than making heavy profits, Barry Bingham Jr. sought to free the papers from conflicts of interests, and through The Louisville Times, experimented with new ideas such as signed editorials
The Courier-Journal
–
The July 27, 2005 front page of The Courier-Journal
The Courier-Journal
–
Editorial staff of The Courier-Journal, 1868.
The Courier-Journal
The Courier-Journal
–
Courier-Journal offices in downtown Louisville, built during the Bingham era
20.
WHAS-TV
–
WHAS-TV, virtual and VHF digital channel 11, is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Louisville, Kentucky, United States. The station is owned by Tegna, Inc, WHAS-TV maintains studio facilities located on West Chestnut Street in Downtown Louisville, and its transmitter is located in rural northeastern Floyd County, Indiana. On cable, WHAS-TV is available on Charter Spectrum channel 4, the station first signed on the air on March 27,1950. Originally broadcasting on VHF channel 9, it was the television station to sign on in the Louisville market. WHAS-TV was founded by the Bingham family, publishers of morning newspaper The Courier-Journal, afternoon newspaper The Louisville Times and operator of WHAS, Louisvilles oldest radio station. The station originally operated as a primary CBS affiliate, owing to its radio stations longtime affiliation with the CBS Radio Network. It moved to VHF channel 11 on February 7,1953, one of several channel shifts resulting from the Federal Communications Commissions 1952 Sixth Report, under the same decree, WAVE-TV relocated from channel 5 to channel 3. Barry Bingham, Sr. patriarch of the media empire, handed over control to his son Barry. But following nearly fifteen years of infighting, the senior Bingham decided to break up the familys media holdings in early 1986. The decision resulted in the sales of WHAS radio to Clear Channel Communications, the Courier-Journal and the Times to the Gannett Company, the Journal Company merged with the Belo Corporation in 1997. WHAS-TV lost ABC programming when WLKY signed on September 16,1961, nearly three decades later on September 8,1990, channel 11 ended its long relationship with CBS and rejoined ABC, this time as an exclusive affiliate of the network. Channel 11 has seen some struggles over the years during television seasons when ABC suffers from a weaker-rated schedule, while WLKYs ties to CBS have boosted that station through most of the 2000s. With ABCs current schedule, both stations usually exchange the top rankings in the Louisville markets news ratings, on June 13,2013, Belo announced that it would be acquired by the Gannett Company. Due to Gannetts ownership of The Courier-Journal, the company chose to spin off WHAS-TV to Sander Media, LLC, the sale was completed on December 23. The SSA marked a re-entry into Louisville television for Gannett, which owned WLKY from 1979 until it sold the station to Pulitzer, on June 29,2015, Gannett split into two publicly traded companies. The print interests retained the Gannett name, while the broadcasting and digital media interests became Tegna, the network had previously operated as an online-only service before becoming a multicast service. Wazoos parent company filed for bankruptcy on January 9,2012, a still screen noting the Wazoo termination remained on 11.3 until November 21, when it was replaced by a live image of the stations Doppler radar system. Like most ABC stations that were owned by Belo, WHAS-TVs main channel is transmitted in the 1080i high definition resolution format rather than ABCs default 720p format
WHAS-TV
–
WHAS-TV
21.
WDRB
–
WDRB, virtual channel 41, is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Louisville, Kentucky, United States. WDRB and WMYO share studio facilities located on West Muhammad Ali Boulevard in downtown Louisville, WDRB maintains a transmitter located in rural northeastern Floyd County, on cable, WDRB is available on Charter Spectrum channel 9 and in high definition on digital channel 910. Several successor permittees failed to launch Channel 41 until Independence TV of Louisville succeeded, WDRB-TV first signed on the air on February 28,1971, becoming the first independent station in the Louisville market. The stations original studios were located on East Main Street in Louisville, by 1976, WDRB-TV carried a mix of cartoons, westerns, outdoor shows and classic movies. The stations original owners sold the station to the Minneapolis Star, by 1977, the station expanded its broadcast day to 11,00 a. m. with the addition of a four-hour block of religious programs. By 1979, WDRB-TV began signing on daily at 7,00 a. m, in 1981, WDRB relocated its operations from its original studios in Louisvilles Butchertown neighborhood to their current location on Muhammad Ali Boulevard. On April 5,1987, when the network expanded its programming nationally to primetime, WDRB-TV became an affiliate of the Fox network. During the 1990s, WDRB shifted away from running older movies and classic sitcoms, in favor of acquiring more talk and reality shows, around this time and this was followed by a second – even more elaborate – Thunder telecast in HD in April 2008. The station began phasing out the Fox 41 branding in favor of simply branding by the WDRB call letters in May 2011, the affected stations were restored on June 6,2012, as a result of a new carriage agreement between Block and TWC. WDRB-DT2 was added to Insight Communications systems in the area on digital channel 187 on April 20,2011, on March 1,2017, WDRB added a third digital subchannel carrying Ion Television on WDRB-DT3, after previous affiliate WBNA became an independent station. The stations digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 49, through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the stations virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 41. WDRB had previously carried on many cable systems in areas adjacent to the Louisville market, including Kentuckys capital city. Despite this, Frankfort and Lawrenceburg are still occasionally mentioned during on-air weather segments, however, blackouts of Fox programming by WBKO-DT2 were common, as was the blackouts of ABC programming from WHAS-TV were caused by WBKOs main channel. WDRB remains available to Mediacom customers in Hart and Metcalfe counties and it is also available on Charter Spectrum channel 70 in the Owensboro and Henderson areas, as well as on Crystal Broadband Networks in Lewisport. In addition to carrying the entire Fox programming schedule, syndicated programs broadcast by WDRB include Live with Kelly, Rachael Ray, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, The Dr. Oz Show, currently, all sports programming is provided by the network. WDRB also previously broadcast some University of Kentucky Wildcats basketball games at point during the 1990s. WDRB launched its news department on March 12,1990, with the debut of a half-hour 10,00 p. m. newscast originally titled The News at 10. The News at 10 was originally anchored by Lauretta Harris, Jim Mitchell, meteorologist Tammy Garrison, in 1995, the program was retitled as Fox News at 10, and later that decade, it expanded to one hour and added weekend editions on Saturday and Sunday evenings
WDRB
–
WDRB
22.
List of Presidents of the United States
–
The President of the United States is the elected head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is elected to a four-year term by the people through an Electoral College. Since the office was established in 1789,44 people have served as president, the first, George Washington, won a unanimous vote of the Electoral College. Grover Cleveland served two terms in office, and is counted as the nations 22nd and 24th president. Thus the incumbent, Donald Trump, is the nations 45th president, there are currently five living former presidents. The most recent death of a president was on December 26,2006 with the death of Gerald Ford. William Henry Harrison spent the shortest time in office, dying 31 days after taking office in 1841. Franklin D. Roosevelt served the longest, over years, before dying early in his fourth term in 1945. Of the individuals elected as president, four died in office of natural causes, four were assassinated, the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution put Tylers precedent into law in 1967. It also established a mechanism by which an intra-term vacancy in the presidency could be filled. Richard Nixon was the first president to fill a vacancy under this Provision when he appointed Gerald Ford to the office, later, Ford became the second to do so when he appointed Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him. Previously, a vacancy was left unfilled. Throughout most of its history, politics of the United States have been dominated by political parties, the Constitution is silent on the issue of political parties, and at the time it came into force in 1789, there were no parties. Soon after the 1st Congress convened, factions began rallying around dominant Washington Administration officials, such as Alexander Hamilton and he was, and remains, the only U. S. president never to be affiliated with a political party. Since Washington, every president has been affiliated with a party at the time they assumed office. Four presidents held other high U. S. federal offices after leaving the presidency, several presidents campaigned unsuccessfully for other U. S. state or federal elective offices after leaving the presidency. Additionally, one president, John Tyler, served in the government of the Confederate States during the American Civil War
List of Presidents of the United States
–
The
White House in
Washington, D.C. is the president's official residence, the center of the administration, and a prominent symbol of the office.
List of Presidents of the United States
List of Presidents of the United States
–
1
List of Presidents of the United States
–
2
23.
United States Senate
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The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. S. From 1789 until 1913, Senators were appointed by the legislatures of the states represented, following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The Senate chamber is located in the wing of the Capitol, in Washington. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House, in the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers. This idea of having one chamber represent people equally, while the other gives equal representation to states regardless of population, was known as the Connecticut Compromise, there was also a desire to have two Houses that could act as an internal check on each other. One was intended to be a Peoples House directly elected by the people, the other was intended to represent the states to such extent as they retained their sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government. The Senate was thus not designed to serve the people of the United States equally, the Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation. First convened in 1789, the Senate of the United States was formed on the example of the ancient Roman Senate, the name is derived from the senatus, Latin for council of elders. James Madison made the comment about the Senate, In England, at this day, if elections were open to all classes of people. An agrarian law would take place. If these observations be just, our government ought to secure the permanent interests of the country against innovation, landholders ought to have a share in the government, to support these invaluable interests, and to balance and check the other. They ought to be so constituted as to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority, the senate, therefore, ought to be this body, and to answer these purposes, the people ought to have permanency and stability. The Constitution stipulates that no constitutional amendment may be created to deprive a state of its equal suffrage in the Senate without that states consent, the District of Columbia and all other territories are not entitled to representation in either House of the Congress. The District of Columbia elects two senators, but they are officials of the D. C. city government. The United States has had 50 states since 1959, thus the Senate has had 100 senators since 1959. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming and this means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, before the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, Senators were elected by the individual state legislatures
United States Senate
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United States Senate
United States Senate
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Seal of the U.S. Senate
United States Senate
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The Senate side of the
United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.
United States Senate
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A typical Senate desk
24.
List of United States Senators from Massachusetts
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This is a chronological listing of the United States Senators from Massachusetts. United States Senators are popularly elected, for a six-year term, elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1. Before 1914, they were chosen by the Massachusetts General Court, the current Senators are Democrats Elizabeth Warren and Ed Markey. Through the 20th century, mid-term vacancies were filled with the governors appointee, in 2004, the Democratic-controlled state legislature changed the vacancy-filling process, mandating that a special election occur, which removed the Governors appointment power. This statute was enacted over the veto by the Governor, Mitt Romney, generally, the law requires a special election within 145 to 160 days from the date of the filing of a Senate resignation. The law contemplates resignations that become effective some period of time after the filing of the resignation, while terminally ill with brain cancer, Ted Kennedy requested that the Massachusetts legislature change the law to allow an interim appointment. Kennedy died shortly thereafter, and the legislature passed a bill providing for an interim appointment. As of October 2016, there are four living former U. S, Senators from Massachusetts, two from Class 1 and two from Class 2. The most recent senator to die was Edward Brooke of Class 2 who died on January 3,2015, the most recent Class 1 senator to die was Ted Kennedy, who died in office on August 25,2009. The most recently serving Class 2 senator to die was Paul Tsongas on January 18,1997
List of United States Senators from Massachusetts
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Tristram Dalton
List of United States Senators from Massachusetts
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Caleb Strong
List of United States Senators from Massachusetts
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George Cabot
List of United States Senators from Massachusetts
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Benjamin Goodhue
25.
United States House of Representatives
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The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
United States House of Representatives
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United States House of Representatives
United States House of Representatives
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Seal of the House
United States House of Representatives
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Republican
Thomas Brackett Reed, occasionally ridiculed as "Czar Reed", was a U.S. Representative from
Maine, and
Speaker of the House from 1889 to 1891 and from 1895 to 1899.
United States House of Representatives
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House Speaker
Nancy Pelosi, Majority Leader
Steny Hoyer, and Education and Labor Committee Chairman
George Miller confer with President
Barack Obama at the
Oval Office in 2009.
26.
Presidency of John F. Kennedy
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The presidency of John F. Kennedy was succeeded by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. A Democrat, he took office following the 1960 presidential election, in which he defeated Richard Nixon, Kennedy was the first person born in the 20th century to be elected president, and, at age 43, the youngest person elected to the office. He was also the first Roman Catholic elected to the presidency, Kennedys time in office was marked by Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union and its satellite states, as well as Cuba. In Cuba, an attempt was made in April 1961 at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro. Kennedys administration subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain approval for a war against Cuba. Kennedy took steps to support the Civil Rights Movement, and after his death his proposed civil rights bill was passed as the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Kennedy brought to the White House a contrast in organization compared to the structure of former-General Eisenhower. Kennedy preferred the structure of a wheel with all the spokes leading to the president. He was ready and willing to make the number of quick decisions required in such an environment. He selected a mixture of experienced and inexperienced people to serve in his cabinet and we can learn our jobs together, he stated. Kennedys brother, Robert F. Kennedy, served as Attorney General, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was largely sidelined during the administration. Thurgood Marshall, who Kennedy appointed to the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, Kennedy was sworn in as the 35th president at noon on January 20,1961. In his inaugural address he spoke of the need for all Americans to be citizens, famously saying, Ask not what your country can do for you. He asked the nations of the world to join together to fight what he called the enemies of man, tyranny, poverty, disease. He added, All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days, nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. The address reflected Kennedys confidence that his administration would chart an historically significant course in both policy and foreign affairs. President Kennedys foreign policy was dominated by American confrontations with the Soviet Union, in 1961, Kennedy anxiously anticipated a summit with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. He started off on the foot by reacting aggressively to a routine Khrushchev speech on Cold War confrontation in early 1961
Presidency of John F. Kennedy
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Presidency of John F. Kennedy
Presidency of John F. Kennedy
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Kennedy's second draft of his written remarks announcing his presidential candidacy, January 2, 1960. See also Works related to Statement of Senator John F. Kennedy Announcing His Candidacy for the Presidency of the United States at Wikisource
Presidency of John F. Kennedy
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September 26: Senator Kennedy and Vice President Nixon participate in the first television
presidential debate.
Presidency of John F. Kennedy
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December 6: President-elect Kennedy meets with President
Dwight D. Eisenhower.
27.
Timeline of the presidency of John F. Kennedy
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This timeline begins on January 2,1960, the date when then U. S. Senator Kennedy announced his intention to run for the Democratic Party presidential nomination, and concludes on November 25,1963, Kennedy, the 35th United States president, was the first Roman Catholic as well as the first person born in the 20th century to be elected president. Additionally, he is the youngest individual ever elected to the office, Kennedy was the eighth president to die in office and the fourth one to be assassinated. Upon his death, in accordance with Constitutional procedure, Vice President Lyndon B, Johnson, succeeded to the presidency and took the presidential oath of office aboard Air Force One less than an hour after Kennedy died. Johnson served out the remaining 425 days of Kennedys term, and was elected to the presidency in his own right in 1964, January 2 – Senator John Fitzgerald Kennedy of Massachusetts officially announces his intention to run for the Presidency of the United States. March 8 – Kennedy wins the New Hampshire primary, receiving 88% of the vote and this would be the first of 10 primary victories for the Massachusetts Senator. May 4 – Senators Kennedy and Humphrey hold a debate in West Virginia. May 10 – Kennedy wins the West Virginia primary, receiving 61% of the vote, West Virginia shows that Kennedy, a Catholic, could win in a heavily Protestant state. Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas is nominated for Vice President, Kennedy was the first senator since 1920 to be nominated for the presidency by either the Democrats or the Republicans. September 26 – Senator Kennedy and Vice President Richard Nixon participate in the first televised presidential debate, October 7 – Kennedy and Nixon participate in the second presidential debate, held in Washington, D. C. October 13 – Senator Kennedy and Vice President Nixon debate each other for the third time, Kennedy participates from a New York studio, while Nixon participates from a Los Angeles studio. October 21 – Kennedy and Nixon participate in the fourth and final debate in New York. November 9 – Republican presidential candidate Richard Nixon concedes the presidency to Kennedy, Kennedys official popular vote margin is 0. 1% and his electoral margin is 84 electoral votes. Nixon won more states,26 to 22, the electoral result proves to be the closest since the 1916 presidential election. November 25 – John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr. President-elect and Mrs. Kennedys second child, is born at Georgetown University Hospital, December 6 – President-elect Kennedy meets with President Dwight Eisenhower at the White House to discuss the presidential transition. January 20 – Kennedys presidency begins with his inauguration at the United States Capitol in Washington and he is congratulated by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. Kennedy also formally nominates his cabinet and attends the inaugural balls, January 21 – Kennedy meets with former President Harry S. Truman and issues Executive Order 10914 directing a doubling of the quantity of surplus food distributed to needy families. Kennedy also attends a meeting at the Democratic National Committee and hosts the swearing-in of his cabinet, January 22 – Kennedy meets with the poet Robert Frost
Timeline of the presidency of John F. Kennedy
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Presidency of John F. Kennedy
Timeline of the presidency of John F. Kennedy
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Kennedy's second draft of his written remarks announcing his presidential candidacy, January 2, 1960. See also Works related to Statement of Senator John F. Kennedy Announcing His Candidacy for the Presidency of the United States at Wikisource
Timeline of the presidency of John F. Kennedy
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September 26: Senator Kennedy and Vice President Nixon participate in the first television
presidential debate.
Timeline of the presidency of John F. Kennedy
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December 6: President-elect Kennedy meets with President
Dwight D. Eisenhower.
28.
Inauguration of John F. Kennedy
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The inauguration of John F. Kennedy as the 35th President of the United States was held on Friday, January 20,1961 at the eastern portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D. C. The inauguration marked the commencement of John F. Kennedys only term as President, johnsons only term as Vice President. Kennedy died 2 years,306 days into this term, Kennedy took office following the November 1960 presidential election, in which he narrowly defeated Richard Nixon, the then–incumbent Vice President. He was the first Roman Catholic to become President, and became the youngest person elected to the office and his inaugural address encompassed the major themes of his campaign and would define his presidency during a time of economic prosperity, emerging social changes, and diplomatic challenges. This inauguration was the first in which a poet, Robert Frost, frank Sinatra and Peter Lawford organized and hosted a pre-inaugural ball at the D. C. Armory on the eve of Inauguration day, January 19,1961, considered as one of the biggest parties ever held in Washington, D. C. With tickets ranging from $100 per person to $10,000 per group, davis eventually switched his support to the Republican Party and Richard Nixon in the early 1970s. Harry Belafonte expressed sadness at the controversy, stating It was the ambassador, sammy not being there was a loss. On inauguration day, January 20,1961, the skies began to clear but the snow created chaos in Washington and this task force employed hundreds of dump trucks, front-end loaders, sanders, plows, rotaries, and flamethrowers to clear the route. Over 1,400 cars which had been stranded due to the conditions, the snowstorm dropped visibility at Washington National Airport to less than half a mile, preventing former President Herbert Hoover from flying into Washington and attending the inauguration. Before the proceeding to the Capitol in company with outgoing President Dwight D. Eisenhower, the invocation and prayers lasted a total of 28 minutes. Marian Anderson sang The Star-Spangled Banner, and a composition by musical Leonard Bernstein titled Fanfare for the Inauguration of John F. Kennedy was played, the oath of office for Vice President was administered by the Speaker of the House of Representatives Sam Rayburn to Lyndon Johnson. Robert Frost, then 86 years old, recited his poem The Gift Outright, Kennedy requested Frost to read a poem at the inauguration, suggesting The Gift Outright, considered an act of gratitude towards Frost for his help during the campaign. Kennedy would later state that he admired the courage, the skill and daring of Frost, and adding that Ive never taken the view the world of politics. I think politicians and poets share at least one thing, American poet William Meredith would say that the request focused attention on Kennedy as a man of culture, as a man interested in culture. Frost composed a new poem titled Dedication specifically for the ceremony as a preface to the poem Kennedy suggested, to the surprise of Kennedys friends. On the morning of the inauguration, Frost asked Stewart Udall, Kennedys future Secretary of the Interior, to have his handwritten draft type scripted for easier reading, once at the presidential podium, however, the glare of the sun and snow prevented him from reading his papers. When Frost started reading, he stumbled on the first three lines, squinting at his papers in view of the crowd and cameras
Inauguration of John F. Kennedy
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Presidential Inauguration of John F.Kennedy
Inauguration of John F. Kennedy
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President
John F. Kennedy and First Lady
Jacqueline Kennedy, wearing a gown designed by Ethel Franken of
Bergdorf Goodman, arrive at Sinatra's inaugural ball on the evening of Inauguration Day.
Inauguration of John F. Kennedy
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View of the extended East Front of the Capitol where the inauguration was held. President Kennedy is in the center delivering his inaugural address, with Vice-President Johnson and official and invited guests sitting behind him.
Inauguration of John F. Kennedy
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The most famous passage from the inaugural address is etched in stone at
Kennedy's gravesite in
Arlington National Cemetery, with the
Lincoln Memorial and
Washington Monument in the background.
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