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John Kerr (physicist)
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John Kerr FRS was a Scottish physicist and a pioneer in the field of electro-optics. He is best known for the discovery of what is now called the Kerr effect.
John Kerr, c. 1860, photograph by Thomas Annan
John Kerr, c. 1860, photograph by Thomas Annan
Speed of light
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The speed of light is the speed of electromagnetic waves. Light travels at slower speed inside materials like glass or water; its highest speed is in a vacuum. The speed of light in vacuum is a univer
John Kerr (physicist)
…high-speed photography, with shutter-speeds as fast as 100 ns. In 1928 Karolus & Mittelstaedt used a Kerr cell to modulate a beam of light to measure its speed. Earlier measurements had used mechanical means of modulation achieving frequencies of around 10 kHz, but the Kerr cell allows frequencies of 10 MHz…
One of the last and most accurate time of flight measurements, Michelson, Pease and Pearson's 1930–1935 experiment used a rotating mirror and a one-mi
One of the last and most accurate time of flight measurements, Michelson, Pease and Pearson's 1930–1935 experiment used a rotating mirror and a one-mile (1.6 km) long vacuum chamber which the light beam traversed 10 times. It achieved accuracy of ±11 km/s.
Hendrik Lorentz (right) with Albert Einstein (1921)
Hendrik Lorentz (right) with Albert Einstein (1921)