1.
Montclair Film
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The Montclair Film Festival is a community-based film festival in Montclair, New Jersey, that first ran in May 2012. The festival showcases filmmakers from a variety of countries while creating a focal point for the Township of Montclair, surrounding communities. According to The New York Times, MFF, the winner of the Discover Jersey Arts 2012 People’s Choice Awards for favorite film festival, is “A film festival with more of everything. The idea for a festival was formed when WNET-TV Vice President and General Counsel Bob Feinberg. Known as a place where arts and culture flourish, his associate asked “Where is the film festival, the inaugural festival in May 2012, originally estimated to attract 5,000 visitors, reached 7,500 motion picture enthusiasts, arts patrons and cultural tourists. Over 45 films and XX guests were in attendance including actors Oliver Platt, Kathleen Turner, Olympia Dukakis and Patrick Wilson, filmmaker Michael Moore, early screenings of art house successes included The Oranges, Your Sister’s Sister,2 Days in New York and Robot and Frank. According to The New York Times, MFF, the winner of the Discover Jersey Arts 2012 People’s Choice Awards for favorite film festival, is “A film festival with more of everything. The Montclair Times noted, “If last year’s inaugural festival was like an indie hit, a favorite film category, NJ Spotlight, offered a platform for dozens of talented and lesser-known filmmakers from New Jersey to exhibit new work. Prominent guests included a visit from Michael Moore, Harry Belafonte, Darlene Love, Lake Bell, Ice-T, Alex Gibney. MFF14 presented among others the Chef with Jon Favreau, MFF15 opened with Hello, My Name Is Doris with Sally Field and showed among others Time out of Mind with Richard Gere. Among the listed supporters for MFF15 are Susan V. Bershad, MD, Evelyn and Stephen Colbert, Christina and Brian Clarkson, Mindy Cohen and David Bershad
2.
Baldwin, Nassau County, New York
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Baldwin is a hamlet and census-designated place located in the town of Hempstead in Nassau County, New York, United States. The population was 24,033 at the 2010 census, Baldwin is also a station on the Babylon Branch of the Long Island Rail Road. In 1643, the became known as Hicks Neck after two of Hempsteads early settlers, John Spragg from England and John Hicks from Flushing, who extended Hempstead village south to the salt meadows. The grist mill built by John Pine in 1686 on Milburn Creek attracted more settlers who engaged in fishing, farming, marshing, raising longwood, between the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, growing Hicks Neck came to be called the village of Milburn. The first churches were built in 1810 and 1872, and the first school was built in 1833. Mr. Baldwin owned a store named T. Baldwin and Sons, as well as a hotel at a location that would now be considered the northwest corner of Merrick Road. He also owned and operated a sawmill by Silver Lake just southeast of the hotel, in 1867, the South Side Rail Road began operating with a station in Baldwinsville. In 1870, one of Thomas Baldwins sons, Francis Baldwin, became a member of the New York State Assembly representing Queens Countys 2nd District, he later served as the Queens County treasurer. A year later, the name of the village was changed from Baldwinsville to Baldwins by the U. S. Postal Service so as to not confuse it with the village of Baldwinsville in upstate New York. By 1892, by an act of government, the village was officially named Baldwin. By 1939, ten years after the opening of Sunrise Highway, in 1990, the area south of Atlantic Avenue was designated as Baldwin Harbor, a hamlet with the 1990 United States Census. Baldwin Harbor remains a part of the town of Baldwins ZIP code, school district, in May 1910, near the current Plaza Elementary School on Seaman Avenue and Rockville Drive in Baldwin, a breakthrough in American aviation history was made. The first all-American monoplane was designed, built, and successfully flown at this location by brothers Arthur, in the planes initial and subsequent models, its unique designs featured controls that were combined into one stick which allowed the pilot to fly the plane using one hand. The community is located in the southwest part of Nassau County and it is located on what is known as the South Shore of Long Island. Baldwin is located at 40°39′48″N 73°36′38″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.0 square miles, of which 0. 34% is water. There were 1,200 people in the community of Baldwin in 1882,1,500 in 1890,5,000 in 1920,12,000 in 1930,15,000 in 1940, and 31,630 in 1980. As of the census of 2010, there were 23,455 people,7,868 households, the population density was 7,954.4 per square mile. There were 7,999 housing units at a density of 2,712. 8/sq mi
3.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
4.
University of Florida
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The University of Florida is an American public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university on a 2, 000-acre campus in Gainesville, Florida. It is a member of the State University System of Florida and traces its origins to 1853. The University is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, for 2017, U. S. News & World Report ranked Florida as the fourteenth best public university in the United States. The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and it is the third largest Florida university by student population, and is the eighth largest single-campus university in the United States with 49,913 students enrolled for the fall 2012 semester. The University of Florida is home to sixteen colleges and more than 150 research centers. The University of Florida traces its origins to 1853, when the East Florida Seminary, on January 6,1853, Governor Thomas Brown signed a bill that provided public support for higher education in Florida. Gilbert Kingsbury was the first person to take advantage of the legislation, and established the East Florida Seminary, the East Florida Seminary was Floridas first state-supported institution of higher learning. James Henry Roper, an educator from North Carolina and a senator from Alachua County, had opened a school in Gainesville. In 1866, Roper offered his land and school to the State of Florida in exchange for the relocation of the East Florida Seminary to Gainesville, the second major precursor to the University of Florida was the Florida Agricultural College, established at Lake City by Jordan Probst in 1884. Florida Agricultural College became the states first land-grant college under the Morrill Act, in 1905, the Florida Legislature passed the Buckman Act, which consolidated the states publicly supported higher education institutions. The member of the legislature who wrote the act, Henry Holland Buckman, later became the namesake of Buckman Hall, the Buckman Act organized the State University System of Florida and created the Florida Board of Control to govern the system. The City of Gainesville, led by its Mayor William Reuben Thomas, on July 6,1905, the Board of Control selected Gainesville for the new university campus. Andrew Sledd, president of the pre-existing University of Florida at Lake City, was selected to be the first president of the new University of the State of Florida, architect William A. Edwards designed the first official campus buildings in the Collegiate Gothic style. Classes began on the new Gainesville campus on September 26,1906, in 1909, the schools name was simplified from the University of the State of Florida to the University of Florida. The alligator was incidentally chosen as the mascot in 1911, after a local vendor ordered. Murphree is the only University of Florida president honored with a statue on the campus, before this, only the summer semester was coeducational, to accommodate women teachers who wanted to further their education during the summer break. Lassie Goodbread-Black from Lake City became the first woman to enroll at the University of Florida, john J. Tigert became the third university president in 1928. By the end of the 1946–47 school year,954 men were enrolled at the Tallahassee Branch, the following semester, the Florida Legislature returned the Florida State College for Women to coeducational status and renamed it Florida State University
5.
Film director
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A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a films artistic and dramatic aspects, the director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film, the film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized, or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions, there are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, film editors or actors, other film directors have attended a film school. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors dialogue, while others control every aspect. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners, some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films. Film directors create a vision through which a film eventually becomes realized/noticed. Realizing this vision includes overseeing the artistic and technical elements of production, as well as directing the shooting timetable. This entails organizing the crew in such a way as to achieve their vision of the film. This requires skills of leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in the stressful. Moreover, it is necessary to have an eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew, thus. Thus the director ensures that all involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film. The set of varying challenges he or she has to tackle has been described as a jigsaw puzzle with egos. It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when, omnipresent are the boundaries of the films budget. Additionally, the director may also have to ensure an intended age rating, thus, the position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one. It has been said that 20-hour days are not unusual, under European Union law, the film director is considered the author or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory. Auteur theory is a film criticism concept that holds that a directors film reflects the directors personal creative vision
6.
Screenwriter
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One famous screenwriter is Jack Rosenthal, who has written for various TV shows over the years, including Londons Burning and Coronation Street. No education is required to become a screenwriter, just good storytelling abilities. Screenwriters are not hired employees, they are contracted freelancers, most, if not all, screenwriters start their careers writing on speculation, meaning they write without being hired or paid for it. If such a script is sold, it is called a spec script, what separates a professional screenwriter from an amateur screenwriter is that professional screenwriters are usually represented by a talent agency. Also, professional screenwriters do not often work for free, whereas amateur screenwriters will often work for free and are considered writers in training, spec scripts are usually penned by unknown professional screenwriters and amateur screenwriters. There are a legion of would-be screenwriters who attempt to enter the industry but it often takes years of trial-and-error, failure. In Writing Screenplays that Sell, Michael Hague writes Screenplays have become, for the last half of century, closet writers who used to dream of the glory of getting into print now dream of seeing their story on the big or small screen. Every screenplay and teleplay begins with a thought or idea, and screenwriters use those ideas to write scripts, with the intention of selling them and having them produced. In some cases, the script is based on a property, such as a book or persons life story. The majority of the time, a film project gets initiated by a screenwriter and because they initiated the project and these are referred to as exclusive assignments or pitched assignments. Screenwriters who often pitch new projects, whether original or an adaptation, when word is put out about a project a film studio, production company, or producer wants done, these are referred to as open assignments. In situations where screenwriters are competing for an assignment, more established writers will usually win these assignments. A screenwriter can also be approached and personally offered a writing assignment, many screenwriters also work as full or part-time script doctors, attempting to better a script to suit the desires of a director or studio. For instance, studio management may have a complaint that the motivations of the characters are unclear or that the dialogue is weak, script-doctoring can be quite lucrative, especially for the better known writers. David Mamet and John Sayles, for instance, fund the movies they direct themselves, usually from their own screenplays, by writing and doctoring scripts for others. In fact, some writers make very profitable careers out of being the ninth or tenth writer to work on a piece, in many cases, working on projects that never see exposure to an audience of any size. Many up and coming screenwriters also ghost write projects and allow more established screenwriters to take credit for the project to increase the chances of it getting picked up. After a screenwriter finishes a project, he or she pairs with a representative, such as a producer, director, literary agent, entertainment lawyer
7.
Melvin and Howard
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Melvin and Howard is a 1980 American comedy-drama film directed by Jonathan Demme. A novelization of Goldmans script later was written by George Gipe, the film starred Paul Le Mat, Jason Robards and, in an Academy Award-winning performance, Mary Steenburgen. In the opening scene, Howard Hughes loses control of his motorcycle and that night, he is discovered lying on the side of a stretch of U. S. Highway 95 when Melvin Dummar stops his pickup truck so he can relieve himself. The disheveled stranger, refusing to allow Melvin to take him to the hospital, en route, the two engage in stilted conversation until Dummar cajoles his passenger into joining him in singing a Christmas song he wrote. Hughes then suggests they sing his favorite song Bye Bye Blackbird, the man warms up to his rescuer and before he is dropped off at the Desert Inn, he identifies himself as the reclusive billionaire. Lynda leaves him and their daughter to dance in a strip club, but eventually returns. Afraid to open it, he takes it to Mormon headquarters, lynda West Dummar, Melvins 1st wife Pamela Reed. Bonnie Bonneau Dummar, Melvins 2nd wife Michael J. Pollard, Howard Hughes The real Melvin Dummar has a cameo appearance as a man behind a bus depot counter. Robards and Steenburgen went on to co-star in the 1989 comedy film Parenthood, with Robards playing the father-in-law of Steenburgens character. In his review in The New York Times, Vincent Canby called the film a sharp, engaging, very funny, anxious comedy and commented, Melvin and Howard is commercial American movie-making of a most expansive, entertaining kind. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times described it as wonderful and added and it shows the flip side of Gary Gilmores Utah. It is a world of mobile homes, Pop Tarts, dust, kids and its pretty clear how this movie got made. Hollywood started with the notion that the story of the mysterious Hughes will might make a good courtroom thriller, Dummar is the kind of guy who thinks they oughta make a movie out of his life. Variety said, Jonathan Demmes tour-de-force direction, the imaginative screenplay, I doubt if Jason Robards has ever been greater than he is here. Demme shows perhaps a finer understanding of life than any other American director. Melvin and Howard currently holds a 94% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, dennis Binghams Whose Lives Are They Anyway. Paul Thomas Anderson has cited the film as one of his favorites, robert Ridgely, who played the host of the fictional Easy Street game show in this movie, would later be cast as The Colonel James in Andersons Boogie Nights. Shots in his 2012 feature The Master recall this movies cinematography, additionally, Robards final acting role was in Andersons Magnolia
8.
Swing Shift (film)
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Swing Shift is a 1984 American romantic drama war film directed by Jonathan Demme and produced by and starring Goldie Hawn with Kurt Russell. It also starred Christine Lahti, Fred Ward and Ed Harris, singer Belinda Carlisle made a foray into the film, and Holly Hunter can be seen in one of her first movie roles. During World War II, Kay Walsh is a woman who has assigned to work in an armaments factory in California while her husband Jack. Lonely and vulnerable, Kay falls for the charms of another man, a musician named Lucky, and befriends her embittered neighbor Hazel, the three of them enjoy their time together until Kays husband comes home and realizes what has occurred. Hawn and Russell saw the film as a vehicle while the director Demme attempted to create a more serious film. Hawn and Warner Brothers requested a recut and partial re-shooting in order to get the movie they had hired Demme to film, demmes directors cut exists on bootleg VHS only. Swing Shift at the Internet Movie Database Swing Shift at AllMovie Swing Shift at Box Office Mojo Swing Shift at Rotten Tomatoes
9.
Something Wild (1986 film)
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Something Wild is a 1986 American action comedy film directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Melanie Griffith, Jeff Daniels and Ray Liotta. It was screened out of competition at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival and this film has some elements of a road movie, and it has acquired a certain cult status. In New York City, Charlie Driggs is a seemingly conventional banker whose wife has left him, in a café, a brunette who calls herself Lulu spots him leaving without paying. After a teasing confrontation, the two leave in a car that, Lulu says, she acquired from a divorce and they embark on a bizarre adventure, including crashing and abandoning the car, stealing from a liquor store and leaving a diner without paying. Believing Charlie to be married, Lulu discloses that her name is Audrey. Audrey now adopts a different persona, becoming a platinum blonde. Coming to accept Audreys free-wheeling lifestyle, Charlie realizes he is falling in love with her, the relationship takes a dark turn when her violent ex-convict husband, Ray Sinclair, shows up at a high school reunion, Ray wants her back. Dumping his girlfriend Irene, Ray takes Audrey and Charlie on a crime spree. The trio end up in a room where Audrey learns Charlie is no longer happily married and, under duress. Ray tells Charlie to leave, warning him to keep away, Charlie devises a plan to extract Audrey from Rays grasp, and having done so, he takes Audrey to his home. Ray unexpectedly shows up and begins beating up Charlie, but in a scuffle Charlie accidentally stabs Ray, Audrey is taken away for questioning. Charlie later comes looking for Audrey at her apartment, but she has moved, near the café where they first met, Audrey appears with a station wagon. She invites Charlie into her car and back into her life, something Wild was released on DVD on June 5,2001. The film was presented in its original 1.85,1 widescreen aspect ratio, the only special feature was the original theatrical trailer. That edition is out of print. The film was released on Criterion Collection DVD and Blu-ray Disc on May 10,2011, the Blu-ray has a new, restored high-definition digital transfer, supervised by director of photography Tak Fujimoto and approved by director Jonathan Demme. It also features new interviews with Demme and writer E. Max Frye, the original theatrical trailer. The films soundtrack was released as a CD, featuring only 10 of the 49 tracks in the title credits
10.
Married to the Mob
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Married to the Mob is a 1988 American comedy film directed by Jonathan Demme, starring Michelle Pfeiffer and Matthew Modine. As a slippery mob boss romantically pursuing Angela, Dean Stockwell was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, Angela wants to escape the mafia scene with her son, but is harassed by Tony who puts the moves on her at Franks funeral. This clinch earns her the suspicion of FBI agents Mike Downey and Ed Benitez, and also of Tonys wife Connie, angelas attempts to break away from the Mob result in comic mayhem and a climactic showdown in a honeymoon suite in Miami. Janet Maslin in The New York Times wrote that Married to the Mob works best as a wildly overdecorated screwball farce and it also plays as a gentle romance, and as the story of a woman trying to re-invent her life. The Washington Post described the film as all decked out in Godfather kitsch, but underneath its loud exterior, Variety called the film fresh, colorful and inventive. Time Out wrote that although the film was relentlessly shallow, the performances, music, roger Ebert in the Chicago Sun-Times gave a more lukewarm review, but ended positively, Still, Married to the Mob is loaded with wonderful offbeat touches. Jonathan Demmes direction was praised for its idiosyncrasy, the New York Times called him American cinemas king of amusing artifacts, blinding bric-a-brac, the junkiest of jewelry, costumes so frightening they take your breath away. The Washington Post wrote that Jonathan Demme has nailed one with this playful, the acting performances were widely acclaimed, especially that of Michelle Pfeiffer in a star-making turn, her best performance to date. Richard Corliss in Time wrote that Pfeiffer was the anchor to his vertiginous sight gags. Variety claimed the enormous cast is a delight, starting with Pfeiffer. The Washington Post called Pfeiffer a deft comedian and its her movie, and she graces it. Matthew Modine was winning, according to Variety, Supporting players Dean Stockwell and Mercedes Ruehl also received praise for their performances. The Washington Post described Ruehls character as majestic in her jealousy, stealing scenes, Maslin in the New York Times thought that Pfeiffer and Modine were readily upstaged by Miss Ruehl and, especially, by Mr. Stockwell. His shoulder-rolling caricature of this suave, foppish and thoroughly henpecked kingpin is the films biggest treat, Variety described Stockwell as a hoot. Michelle Pfeiffer was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. He also shared the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor in a tie with Martin Landau for Tucker, The Man and His Dream. Mercedes Ruehl won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress
11.
Stop Making Sense
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Stop Making Sense is a 1984 concert film featuring a live performance by Talking Heads. Directed by Jonathan Demme, it was shot over the course of three nights at Hollywoods Pantages Theater in December 1983, as the group was touring to promote their new album Speaking in Tongues, the movie is notable for being the first made entirely using digital audio techniques. The band raised the budget of $1.2 million themselves, the title comes from the lyrics of the song Girlfriend Is Better, As we get older and stop making sense. The film has been hailed by Leonard Maltin as one of the greatest rock movies ever made, the film begins with the opening credits, using a style similar to Stanley Kubricks Dr. Strangelove or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb. Title designer Pablo Ferro was responsible for both title sequences, lead singer David Byrne walks on to a bare stage with a portable cassette tape player and an acoustic guitar. He introduces Psycho Killer by saying he wants to play a cassette tape, in reality, the tick-tock drum machine was a Roland TR-808 played from the mixing board. The first song to feature the lineup is Burning Down the House. Byrne leaves the stage at one point to allow the Weymouth–Frantz-led side-band the Tom Tom Club to perform their song Genius of Love, the band also performs two songs from Byrnes soundtrack album The Catherine Wheel, What a Day That Was and Big Business. The film is notable for Byrnes big suit, a normal business suit that gradually increases in size as the concert progresses. The suit was inspired by Noh theatre styles, and became an icon not only of the film – as it appears on the movie poster, for instance –. Byrne said, I was in Japan in between tours and I was checking out traditional Japanese theater — Kabuki, Noh, Bunraku — and I was wondering what to wear on our upcoming tour. A fashion designer friend said in his droll manner, ‘Well David, everything is bigger on stage. ’ He was referring to gestures and all that. The filming of Stop Making Sense spanned three live shows at the Pantages Theater in Los Angeles, Demme has stated that one night of shooting was dedicated almost entirely to wide shots from a distance, to minimize the intrusion of cameras on stage. The following are in order of appearance and it won the National Society of Film Critics Award for best documentary in 1984. This concert film is regarded as one of the finest examples of the genre. Leonard Maltin rated the film four out of four, describing it as brilliantly conceived, shot, edited and performed. He jogs in place with his sidemen, he runs around the stage, he seems so happy to be alive and making music. He serves as a reminder of how sour and weary and strung-out many rock bands have become. Danny Peary described Stop Making Sense as Riveting. What takes place on stage will make even the most skeptical into Talking Heads converts, performances are invariably exciting, Byrnes lyrics are intriguing
12.
Talking Heads
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Talking Heads was an American rock band formed in 1975 in New York City and active until 1991. The band comprised David Byrne, Chris Frantz, Tina Weymouth, after a hiatus, the band hit its commercial peak in 1983 with the US Top 10 hit Burning Down the House and released the concert film Stop Making Sense, directed by Jonathan Demme. They would release more albums, including their best-selling LP Little Creatures. In 2002, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Talking Heads were also included at number 64 on VH1s list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. In the 2011 update of Rolling Stones 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, David Byrne, Chris Frantz, and Tina Weymouth were alumni of the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, Rhode Island. There, Byrne and Frantz formed a band called The Artistics in 1973, Weymouth was Frantzs girlfriend and often provided transportation for the band. The Artistics dissolved the year, and the three moved to New York, eventually sharing a communal loft. Unable to find a player in New York City, Frantz encouraged Weymouth to learn to play bass by listening to Suzi Quatro albums. They played their first gig as Talking Heads opening for the Ramones at CBGB on June 5,1975, later that year, the trio recorded a series of demos for CBS, but the band was not signed to the label. They quickly drew a following and were signed to Sire Records in November 1976, the group released their first single in February that year, Love → Building on Fire. In March 1977, they added Jerry Harrison, formerly of Jonathan Richmans band The Modern Lovers and their first album was released soon afterwards, Talking Heads,77, which did not contain the earlier single. The album received acclaim and spawned what became the groups first charted single. The song was released to the radio just months after the killer known as the Son of Sam had been terrorizing New York City. However, it was revealed that Byrne had written the song nearly four years earlier. This recording also established the long term recording studio relationship with the famous Compass Point Studios in Nassau. Cover of Al Greens Take Me to the River broke Talking Heads into general public consciousness, Music journalist Simon Reynolds cited Fear of Music as representing the Eno-Talking Heads collaboration at its most mutually fruitful and equitable. The single Life During Wartime produced the catchphrase, This aint no party, the song refers to the Mudd Club and CBGB, two popular New York nightclubs of the time. 1980s Remain in Light was heavily influenced by the afrobeat of Nigerian bandleader Fela Kuti and it explored West African polyrhythms, weaving these together with Arabic music from North Africa, disco funk, and found voices
13.
The Silence of the Lambs (film)
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The Silence of the Lambs is a 1991 American horror-thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Jodie Foster, Anthony Hopkins, and Scott Glenn. Adapted by Ted Tally from the 1988 novel of the name by Thomas Harris, his second to feature the character of Dr. In the film, Clarice Starling, a young U. S, FBI trainee, seeks the advice of the imprisoned Dr. Lecter to apprehend another serial killer, known only as Buffalo Bill. The Silence of the Lambs was released on February 14,1991 and it is also the first Best Picture winner widely considered to be a horror film, and only the third such film to be nominated in the category, after The Exorcist in 1973 and Jaws in 1975. The film is considered culturally, historically or aesthetically significant by the U. S, library of Congress and was selected to be preserved in the National Film Registry in 2011. A sequel titled Hannibal was released in 2001 with Hopkins reprising his role, FBI trainee Clarice Starling is pulled from her training at the FBI Academy at Quantico, Virginia by Jack Crawford of the Bureaus Behavioral Science Unit. Starling travels to the Baltimore State Hospital for the Criminally Insane, although initially pleasant and courteous, Lecter grows impatient with Starlings attempts at dissecting him and rebuffs her. As she is leaving, one of the prisoners flicks semen at her, Lecter, who considers this act unspeakably ugly, calls Starling back and tells her to seek out an old patient of his. This leads her to a shed where she discovers a mans severed head with a sphinx moth lodged in its throat. She returns to Lecter, who tells her that the man is linked to Buffalo Bill and he offers to profile Buffalo Bill on the condition that he be transferred away from Chilton, whom he detests. Crawford authorizes Starling to offer Lecter a fake deal promising a prison if he provides information that helps them find Buffalo Bill. Instead, Lecter demands a quid pro quo from Starling, offering clues about Buffalo Bill in exchange for personal information, Starling tells Lecter about the murder of her father when she was ten years old. Chilton secretly records the conversation and reveals Starlings deceit before offering Lecter a deal of Chiltons own making, Lecter agrees and is flown to Memphis, Tennessee, where he verbally torments Senator Ruth Martin and gives her misleading information on Buffalo Bill, including the name Louis Friend. Starling notices that Louis Friend is an anagram of iron sulfide — fools gold and she visits Lecter, who is now being held in a cage-like cell in a Tennessee courthouse, and asks for the truth. Lecter tells her all the information she needs is contained in the case file. Starling admits that she still sometimes wakes thinking she can hear lambs screaming, Lecter gives her back the case files on Buffalo Bill after their conversation is interrupted by Chilton and the police, who escort her from the building. Later that evening, Lecter kills his guards, escapes from his cell, Starling analyzes Lecters annotations to the case files and realizes that Buffalo Bill knew his first victim personally. Starling travels to the hometown and discovers that Buffalo Bill was a tailor, with dresses
14.
Academy Award for Best Director
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The Academy Award for Best Director is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of a director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry. However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year, the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 89 films that have been awarded Best Picture,63 have also been awarded Best Director, since its inception, the award has been given to 69 directors or directing teams. John Ford has received the most awards in this category with four, william Wyler was nominated on twelve occasions, more than any other individual. As of the 2017 ceremony, Damien Chazelle is the most recent winner in category for his work on La La Land. Chazelle also became the youngest director in history to receive this award, two directing teams have shared the award, Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story in 1961 and Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men in 2007. The Coen brothers are the siblings to have won the award. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933. Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full calendar year from January 1 to December 31. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com
15.
Philadelphia (film)
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Philadelphia is a 1993 American drama film and one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to acknowledge HIV/AIDS, homosexuality, and homophobia. It was written by Ron Nyswaner, directed by Jonathan Demme and stars Tom Hanks, Hanks won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Andrew Beckett in the film, while the song Streets of Philadelphia by Bruce Springsteen won the Academy Award for Best Original Song. Nyswaner was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, Andrew Beckett is a senior associate at the largest corporate law firm in Philadelphia. He hides his homosexuality and his status as an AIDS patient from the members of the firm. A partner in the firm notices a lesion on Becketts forehead, although Beckett attributes the lesion to a racquetball injury, it indicates Kaposis Sarcoma, a form of cancer. Shortly thereafter, Beckett stays home from work for days to try to find a way to hide his lesions. Later that morning, he receives a call asking for the paperwork, as the paper copy cannot be found, the paperwork is finally discovered in an alternate location and is filed with the court at the last possible moment. The following day, Beckett is dismissed by the firms partners, Beckett believes that someone deliberately hid his paperwork to give the firm an excuse to fire him, and that the dismissal is actually as a result of his diagnosis with AIDS. He asks several attorneys to take his case, including personal injury lawyer Joe Miller, the homophobic Miller appears to be worried that he could contract Becketts illness. After declining to take the case, Miller immediately visits his doctor to find out if he could have contracted the disease, the doctor explains that the routes of HIV infection do not include casual contact. Unable to find a willing to represent him, Beckett is compelled to act as his own attorney. While researching a case at a law library, Miller sees Beckett at a nearby table, after a library employee stares down Miller, presumably because Miller is black, a librarian approaches Beckett and announces that he has found a book on AIDS discrimination for him. As others in the begin to first stare uneasily, the librarian suggests Beckett to go to a private room. As the case goes before the court, the partners of the take the stand, each claiming that Beckett was incompetent. The defense repeatedly suggests that Beckett brought AIDS upon himself by having gay sex, according to that partner, the woman was an innocent victim, unlike Beckett, and further testified that he did not recognize Becketts lesions. To prove that the lesions would have been visible, Miller asks Beckett to unbutton his shirt while on the witness stand, Beckett eventually collapses during the trial. During his hospitalization, the votes in his favor, awarding him back pay, damages for pain and suffering. Miller visits the visibly failing Beckett in the hospital after the verdict, after Becketts family leaves the room, he tells his partner Miguel that he is ready to die
16.
Rachel Getting Married
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Rachel Getting Married is a 2008 drama film directed by Jonathan Demme, and starring Anne Hathaway, Rosemarie DeWitt, Bill Irwin and Debra Winger. The film was released in the U. S. to select theaters on October 3,2008, the film opened the 65th Venice International Film Festival. The film also opened in Canadas Toronto International Film Festival on September 6,2008, Hathaway received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for her performance in the film. Kym Buchman is released from rehab for a few days so she can go home to attend the wedding of her sister Rachel. At home, the atmosphere is strained between Kym and her family members as they struggle to reconcile themselves with her past and present, Kyms past drug and alcohol fueled antics have more or less made her the black sheep of her rather bohemian family. Kyms father Paul shows intense concern for her well-being and whereabouts, Kym also resents her sisters choice of her best friend to be her maid of honor instead of her. Underlying the familys dynamic is a tragedy that occurred years previously, the day before the wedding, as Rachel, Kym, and the other bridesmaids are getting their hair done, Kym is approached by a man whom she knew from an earlier stint in rehab. He thanks her for the strength she gave him through a story about having been molested by an uncle and having cared for her sister, Rachel, hearing this, storms out of the hair salon. The story turns out to be a lie, an apparent attempt by Kym to evade responsibility for her addiction, the tension between the sisters comes to a head later that night at their fathers house, when Kym comes home. Rachel reveals she has never forgiven Kym for their brothers death, Kym finally admits responsibility for Ethans death and reveals that she had been relapsing in order to cope. She gets into her fathers car and leaves, Kym heads to the home of their mother Abby, hoping to find solace with her. Abby tells Kym she left Ethan with her because she was good to him, when Kym makes it clear she thinks her mothers decision was in part responsible for Ethans death, Abby becomes furious and punches Kym in the face. Kym hits her back and drives off in her fathers car. While driving away, Kym begins sobbing uncontrollably because she feels Abby has not accepted responsibility for her part in the actions which ultimately caused Ethans death. Kym drives the car off the road in an attempted suicide, rather than summon help, she spends the night in the car while everyone at home worries about what has become of her. The next morning, the day of the wedding, Kym is spotted in the car by passing joggers, the police awaken her and give her a sobriety test which she passes. She gets a home with the driver of the tow truck who is towing the wrecked car. She makes her way to Rachels room, as Rachel prepares for the wedding, seeing Kyms bruised face from the crash prompts her anger of the previous night to vanish, and Rachel tenderly bathes and dresses her sister
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Southwest Miami High School
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Southwest Miami High School is a secondary school located at 8855 SW 50th Terrace in Olympia Heights, a census-designated place in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. School colors are purple and white, Southwest is currently an A school and has been since 2010. Of the more than 30 public schools that are neither all magnet schools nor charter schools, Southwest Miami High School was founded on September 1956 as Southwest Miami Junior Senior High School. The school was built to alleviate overcrowding at neighboring Coral Gables Senior High School, featuring grades 7-10, it was eventually converted to a high school in 1959 upon graduating its first senior class. Southwests athletic rival is Miami Coral Park Senior High School, in 2003 a portion of the ceiling over the school library collapsed. Southwest Miami High School is 70% Hispanic, 15% Black and 15% other, the student newspaper is the Lancer, the yearbook is Aquila, and TV production students are responsible for the morning announcements. The Royal Lancer marching band performs at halftime of football games, Southwest has a rich history in athletics. By the time the first graduating class donned their caps and gowns, on May 7,1964, Southwest became the first Dade County white school to face a black school in a sport other than track when it took on George Washington Carver Senior High School in baseball. In 2010, alumnus Andre Dawson was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, the baseball field at Southwest is named in his honor. Dave Augustine, Class of 1967 - outfielder with the Pittsburgh Pirates Ray Bare, Class of 1967 - pitcher with the St. S
18.
Exploitation film
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An exploitation film is a film that attempts to succeed financially by exploiting current trends, niche genres, or lurid content. Exploitation films are generally low-quality B movies, even so, they sometimes attract critical attention and cult followings. Some of these films, such as Night of the Living Dead, set trends, Exploitation films may feature suggestive or explicit sex, sensational violence, drug use, nudity, freaks, gore, the bizarre, destruction, rebellion, and mayhem. Such films were first seen in their form in the early 1920s. Their producers used sensational elements to attract audiences lost to television, since the 1990s, this genre has also received attention in academic circles, where it is sometimes called paracinema. Exploitation is very defined, and has more to do with the viewers perception of the film than with the films actual content. Titillating material and artistic content often coexist, as demonstrated by the fact that art films that failed to pass the Hays Code were often shown in the same grindhouses as exploitation films. Exploitation films share the fearlessness of acclaimed transgressive European directors such as Derek Jarman, Luis Buñuel, buñuels Un Chien Andalou contains elements of the modern splatter film. The audiences of art and exploitation film are considered to have tastes that reject the mainstream Hollywood offerings. Exploitation films have often exploited news events in the public consciousness that a major film studio may avoid because of the time required to produce a major film. Child Bride, for example, tackled the issue of older men marrying very young women in the Ozarks, other issues, such as drug use in films like Reefer Madness, attracted audiences that major film studios would usually avoid in order to keep their respectable, mainstream reputations. With enough incentive, however, major studios might become involved, as Warner Bros. did in their 1969 anti-LSD, the film Sex Madness portrayed the dangers of venereal disease from premarital sex. Mom and Dad, a 1945 film about pregnancy and childbirth, was promoted in lurid terms and she Shoulda Said No. combined the themes of drug use and promiscuous sex. Several war films were made about the Winter War in Finland, the Korean War, some Poverty Row low-budget B movies often exploit major studio projects. Their rapid production schedule allows them to advantage of publicity attached to major studio films. For example, Edward L. Ulmers film Beyond the Time Barrier, as a result, many major studios, producers, and stars keep their projects secret. Grindhouse is an American term for a theater that mainly showed exploitation films and it is thought to stem from the defunct burlesque theaters on 42nd Street, New York, where bump n grind dancing and striptease used to be on the bill. As the drive-in movie theater began to decline in the 1960s and 1970s, One solution was to book exploitation films
19.
Roger Corman
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Roger William Corman is an American independent film producer, director, and actor. He has been called The Pope of Pop Cinema and is known as a trailblazer in the world of independent film, much of Cormans work has an established critical reputation, such as his cycle of low budget cult films adapted from the tales of Edgar Allan Poe. In 2009, he was awarded an Honorary Academy Award, Corman mentored and gave a start to many young film directors such as Francis Ford Coppola, Ron Howard, Martin Scorsese and James Cameron. He also helped to launch the careers of actors Peter Fonda, a documentary about Cormans life and career entitled Cormans World, Exploits of a Hollywood Rebel, directed by Alex Stapleton, premiered at the Sundance and Cannes Film Festivals in 2011. The films TV rights were picked up by A&E IndieFilms after a screening at Sundance. Corman was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Anne and William Corman and his younger brother, Eugene Harold Gene Corman, has also produced numerous films, sometimes in collaboration with Roger. Corman and his brother were baptized in their mothers Catholic faith, Corman went to Beverly Hills High School and then to Stanford University to study Industrial Engineering. While at Stanford, Corman enlisted in the V-12 Navy College Training Program, after the end of World War II, Corman returned to Stanford and received a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Engineering in 1947. While at Stanford University, Roger Corman was initiated in the fraternity Sigma Alpha Epsilon, in 1948, he worked briefly at U. S. Electrical Motors on Slauson Avenue in Los Angeles, but his career in engineering lasted only four days, he work on Monday and quit on Thursday. More interested in film, Corman found work at 20th Century Fox initially in the mail room and he worked his way up to a story reader. The one property that he liked the most and provided ideas for was filmed as The Gunfighter with Gregory Peck, when Corman received no credit at all he left Fox and decided he would work in film by himself. Under the GI Bill, Corman studied English Literature at Oxford University and he then returned to Los Angeles, beginning his film career in 1953 as a producer and screenwriter, then started directing films in 1955. Corman began to direct films in the mid-1950s, including Swamp Women, in his early period, he produced up to nine movies a year. His fastest film was perhaps The Little Shop of Horrors, which was shot in two days and one night. Supposedly, he had made a bet that he could shoot a feature film in less than three days. Another version of the claims that he had a set rented for a month. In addition to producing and directing films for American International Pictures, in 1959, Corman founded Filmgroup with his brother Gene, a company producing or releasing low-budget black-and-white films as double features for drive-ins and action houses
20.
Rashomon
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Rashomon is a 1950 Japanese jidaigeki film directed by Akira Kurosawa, working in close collaboration with cinematographer Kazuo Miyagawa. It stars Toshiro Mifune, Machiko Kyō, Masayuki Mori, while the film borrows the title and setting from Ryūnosuke Akutagawas short story Rashōmon, it is actually based on Akutagawas short story In a Grove, which provides the characters and plot. The film is known for a device that involves various characters providing alternative, self-serving. The film opens on a woodcutter and a priest sitting beneath the Rajōmon city gate to stay dry in a downpour, a commoner joins them and they tell him that they have witnessed a disturbing story, which they then begin recounting to him. The priest says that he saw the samurai with his wife traveling the same day the murder happened, both men were then summoned to testify in court, where they met the captured bandit Tajōmaru, who claimed responsibility for killing the samurai and raping his wife. Tajōmaru, a brigand, claims that he tricked the samurai to step off the mountain trail with him. In the grove he tied the samurai to a tree, then brought the samurais wife there and she initially tried to defend herself with a dagger, but was eventually seduced by the bandit. The woman, filled with shame, then begged him to duel to the death with her husband, to save her from the guilt, Tajōmaru honorably set the samurai free and dueled with him. In Tajōmarus recollection they fought skillfully and fiercely, but in the end Tajōmaru was the victor, the samurais wife tells a different story to the court. She says that Tajōmaru left after raping her and she begged her husband to forgive her, but he simply looked at her coldly. She then freed him and begged him to kill her so that she would be at peace and he continued to stare at her with a look of loathing. His expression disturbed her so much that she fainted with dagger in hand and she awoke to find her husband dead with the dagger in his chest. She attempted to kill herself, but failed in all her efforts, the court then hears the story of the deceased samurai, told through a medium. The samurai claims that Tajōmaru, after raping his wife, asked her to travel with him and she accepted and asked Tajōmaru to kill her husband so that she would not feel the guilt of belonging to two men. Tajōmaru, shocked by this request, grabbed her, and gave the samurai a choice of letting the woman go or killing her, for these words alone, the dead samurai recounted, I was ready to pardon his crime. The woman fled, and Tajōmaru, after attempting to recapture her, gave up, the samurai then killed himself with his wifes dagger. Later, somebody removed the dagger from his chest, back at Rashōmon gate, the woodcutter explains to the commoner that all three stories were falsehoods. The woodcutter had actually witnessed the rape and murder, he says, according to the woodcutters new story, Tajōmaru begged the samurais wife to marry him, but the woman instead freed her husband
21.
New World Pictures
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New World Pictures was an American independent production, distribution, and multimedia company. It was founded in 1970 by Roger Corman as a producer and distributor of motion pictures, New World eventually expanded into broadcasting with the acquisition of seven television stations in 1993, with the broadcasting unit expanding through additional purchases made during 1994. S. Although effectively defunct, it, along with various subsidiaries, continues to exist as holding companies within the complex 21st Century Fox corporate structure. At the time, New World was the last remaining national low-budget film distributor, Corman hoped to continue AIPs formula at New World, making low-budget films made by new talent and distributing them internationally. However, it started out with only ten domestic offices, and one each in Canada, New World initially made exploitation films such as The Student Nurses and other small-scale productions. Corman helped launch the careers of Jonathan Demme, Jonathan Kaplan, Ron Howard, Paul Bartel and Joe Dante. New World also released films from acclaimed directors such as Ingmar Bergman, Federico Fellini. The distribution of films was conceived by Corman in an effort to disassociate New World as an exhibitor for exploitation films. In 1983, Corman sold New World to Larry Kupin, Harry E. Sloan and Larry A. Thompson for $16.5 million, Corman retained the film library, while New World acquired home video rights to the releases. Later that year, Thompson left the company to form his own firm, in May 1986, New World acquired post-production facility Lions Gate Studios for $4.4 million. That November, the acquired the Marvel Entertainment Group, the corporate parent of Marvel Comics. By early 1987, the company sold its shares in Taft Broadcasting for $17.8 million, in 1987, New World acquired independent film studio Highgate Pictures and the Learning Corporation of America. By this time, New World Pictures changed its name to New World Entertainment to better reflect its a range of subsidiaries besides the film studio, also that year, New World almost purchased two toy companies, Kenner Products and Mattel, but both planned acquisitions never materialized. In the fall of 1987, New World became the third in the list of time series producers to the network after Lorimar-Telepictures. In 1988, Michael Mann, executive producer of the syndicated program Crime Story. Around this time, New World faced a financial slump. GE demurred, preferring an insolvency workout and tried to force the company to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and this began with the sale of Marvel Entertainment Group to Andrews Group in 1989, Marvel Productions was excluded from the sale. In an irony, later that year, Perelman subsequently acquired New World Entertainment, the bulk of its film and home video holdings were sold in January 1990 to Trans-Atlantic Pictures, a newly formed production company founded by a consortium of former New World executives
22.
Caged Heat
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Caged Heat is an exploitation film from 1974 of the women-in-prison film genre. It was written and directed by Jonathan Demme for New World Pictures, the film stars Juanita Brown, Roberta Collins, Erica Gavin, Ella Reid, Rainbeaux Smith, and Barbara Steele. John Cale wrote and performed its music, which features the guitar playing of Mike Bloomfield. Two later features, Caged Heat II, Stripped of Freedom and Caged Heat 3000, made use of the Caged Heat name and the women-in-prison situation, Caged Heat centers on the story of Jacqueline Wilson. Wilson is sentenced to a prison after her conviction on illegal drug offenses. Wilson, naturally, becomes associated with a group of female convicts. Hazel Demme had produced two films for Corman, including the women in prison picture The Hot Box and he wanted to turn director and wrote a script for Corman, but the producer did not want to fund it, as he thought the cycle had peaked. However Demme succeeded in raising the finance on his own and Corman agreed to distribute through New World Pictures, the film was Jonathan Demmes debut as a film director. However, Corman also wanted Caged Heat to retain most of the violence, Demme introduced new aspects to Caged Heat, including a satirical approach and making the sadistic warden female instead of male. To a lesser degree, Demme also incorporated elements of liberal politics, feminism and social consciousness into his screenplay
23.
Crazy Mama
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Crazy Mama is a 1975 American action/comedy film directed by Jonathan Demme and produced by Julie Corman. Dennis Quaid and Bill Paxton are also briefly in two of their earliest roles. In 1958, a Long Beach, California beauty parlor run by Melba Stokes, her mother Sheba and they flee when landlord Mr. Albertson comes to demand the back rent. On the road, heading back to Arkansas to reclaim the family farm and they rob a gas station first, then head for Las Vegas next. In pursuit of pregnant Cheryl is her boyfriend, Shawn, while Melba gets reacquainted with an old lover, further battles with the law along the way eventually lead to a shootout in which Jim Bob and others are killed. Melba is left alone, on the lam, but begins life again in a new town with a new look, the original director was Shirley Clarke but she was fired ten days prior to filming and Demme took over. Among the changes Demme made was to the ending, which was originally have all the characters die. Producer Julie Corman gave birth to her first child during production, factory released the title on DVD, packaged as a double feature with The Lady In Red as part of the Roger Corman Cult Classics collection. List of American films of 1975 Crazy Mama at the Internet Movie Database
24.
Handle with Care (1977 film)
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Handle with Care is a 1977 comedy movie set in a small town in Nebraska and loosely based on the wide popularity of citizens band radio, usually called CB at the time. It was directed by Jonathan Demme, the movie was originally released as Citizens Band, and was later released in an edited version as Handle with Care. In the film, all of the cast of characters are known by their CB handles, a paperback novelization of the film written by E. M. Corder was published by Pocket Books in 1977. Paul Le Mat plays Spider, a man who makes a meager living repairing CB radios. He lives with his father, a retired truck driver whose CB handle is Papa Thermodyne. Chrome Angel is a truck driver named Harold, passing through the outskirts of town during bad weather when he is injured in an accident. After Chrome Angel issues a call over CB Channel 9, Spider rescues him. During his recovery in town, Harold is visited by local prostitute Debbie, who solicits customers over the CB radio. Chrome Angel has two wives, Connie who calls herself Portland Angel as she is from Portland, Oregon, both arrive in town at the same time while he is recovering. Spiders former fiancee, Pam, is a coach and physical education teacher who, unbeknownst to Spider, has a hobby of her own. She is also interested in Spiders older brother, Dean. Finally, the town comes together in a search and rescue effort after Papa Thermodyne suddenly disappears. 9/10 among the critics. Best Film-Comedy or Musical Best Film Editing American Film Institutes 100 Years…100 Laughs 97 Handle with Care at the Internet Movie Database
25.
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
26.
Goldie Hawn
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Goldie Jeanne Hawn is an American actress, director, producer, and occasional singer, who rose to fame on televisions Rowan & Martins Laugh-In. She is the mother of actors Oliver Hudson, Kate Hudson and Wyatt Russell and she founded The Hawn Foundation in 2003. Hawn was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for the role in the 1980 film Private Benjamin. She is set to star in her first film in 15 years with a role in Snatched. Hawn was born in Washington, D. C. the daughter of Laura, a jewelry shop/dance school owner, and Edward Rutledge Hawn and she was named after her mothers aunt. Her father was a Presbyterian of German and English descent, her mother was Jewish, the daughter of immigrants from Hungary, and Hawn was raised Jewish. Hawn has often said to descend from Edward Rutledge, the youngest signatory of the Declaration of Independence. Hawn began taking ballet and tap dance lessons at the age of three, and danced in the corps de ballet of the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo production of The Nutcracker in 1955. She made her debut in 1961, playing Juliet in a Virginia Shakespeare Festival production of Romeo. By 1964, she ran and taught in a ballet school, in 1964, Hawn made her professional dancing debut in a production of Can-Can at the Texas Pavilion of the New York Worlds Fair. She began working as a professional dancer a year later and appeared as a dancer in New York City. Her next role, which brought her to international attention, was as one of the regular cast members on the 1968–1973 sketch comedy show, Rowan & Martins Laugh-In. On the show, she would break out into high-pitched giggles in the middle of a joke. Noted equally for her attitude as for her bikini and painted body. Her Laugh-In persona was parlayed into three film appearances in the late 1960s and early 1970s, Cactus Flower, Theres a Girl in My Soup. After Hawns Academy Award win, her career took off. She starred in a string of average and successful comedies starting with Theres a Girl in My Soup, $. She continued proving herself in the league with the 1974 satirical dramas The Girl from Petrovka and The Sugarland Express
27.
Kurt Russell
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Kurt Vogel Russell is an American actor. He began acting on television in the western series The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters, in the late 1960s, he signed a ten-year contract with The Walt Disney Company where, according to Robert Osborne, he became the studios top star of the 1970s. Russell was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture for his performance in Silkwood. A and he was nominated for an Emmy Award for the television film Elvis, also directed by Carpenter. Russell starred in films, including Overboard, Tombstone, Stargate, Death Proof. Born in Springfield, Massachusetts, Russell is the son of actor Bing Russell and he has three sisters, Jill, Jamie and Jody. In 1969, he graduated from Thousand Oaks High School in southern California and his sister Jill is the mother of baseball player Matt Franco. On April 24,1963, Russell guest starred in the ABC series Our Man Higgins and he played Peter Hall in the 1963 episode Everybody Knows You Left Me on the NBC medical drama about psychiatry The Eleventh Hour. Later, he played the character in the ABC western series The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters. In NBCs The Virginian, he played the mistaken orphan whose father was an outlaw played by Rory Calhoun who was still alive, Russell played a similar role as a kid named Packy Kerlin in the 1964 episode Blue Heaven for the western series Gunsmoke. He appeared in five episodes of Daniel Boone in various roles, at age 13, Russell played the role of Jungle Boy on an episode of CBSs Gilligans Island, which aired on February 6,1965. He guest-starred on ABCs western The Legend of Jesse James, in 1966, Russell played a 14-year-old Indian boy, Grey Smoke, adopted by the Texas Rangers in the episode Meanwhile, Back at the Reservation of the NBC western series Laredo. In the story line, he works for a gang, but the Rangers take him under their wing. In 1966, Walt Disney wrote Kurt Russell on a piece of paper as his final words, in January 1967, Russell played Private Willie Prentiss in the episode Willie and the Yank, The Mosby Raiders in Walt Disneys Wonderful World of Color. While filming the Sherman Brothers theatrical film musical The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band, flippen and Tom Tryon appeared in the episode Charade of Justice of the NBC western series The Road West starring Barry Sullivan. In a March 1966 episode of CBSs Lost in Space entitled The Challenge, he played Quano, in 1971, he co-starred as a young robber released from jail, alongside James Stewart in Fools Parade. Later, he guest-starred in an episode of Room 222 as an high school student who assumed the costumed identity of Paul Revere to warn of the dangers of pollution. In 1966, Russell was signed to a contract with The Walt Disney Company, where he became, according to Robert Osborne. Russell, like his father, had a baseball career, while in the field turning the pivot of a double play early in the season, the incoming runner at second base collided with him and tore the rotator cuff in Russells right shoulder
28.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
29.
Swimming to Cambodia
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Swimming to Cambodia, also known as Spalding Grays Swimming to Cambodia, is a 1987 American film written by and starring Spalding Gray, and directed by Jonathan Demme. The performance film is of Grays play and monologue, which centered on themes as his trip to Southeast Asia to create the role of the U. S. Ambassadors aide in the film The Killing Fields, the Cold War, Cambodia Year Zero, the film grossed slightly over $US1 million. Gray published his monologue in book form in 1985, over a period of two years, Gray originally developed Swimming to Cambodia as a theatre performance piece. The original running time of the performance was a total of four hours long, Gray won an Obie award for this work. In 2001, Gray revived Swimming to Cambodia, performing it on stage in Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, the opening shots of the film show Gray walking toward The Performing Garage in New York City. He goes in and, after walking past the audience, he takes a seat behind a table, on the table is a glass of water, a microphone, and a notebook, the latter brought by Gray. Behind him are two pull-down maps, one is a map of Southeast Asia and the other is a diagram of the bombing of Cambodia, which Gray tells the viewers/audience was called Operation Breakfast. There is also a projection screen showing a photograph of a beach. Gray performs a monologue in which he discusses his experiences filming a role in the movie The Killing Fields. He also expounds on the recent history of Cambodia up through the rise to power of the Khmer Rouge, three scenes from The Killing Fields that feature Gray are shown at various points in the film. The soundtrack for film was composed and performed by Laurie Anderson. Gray returned the favor by providing the voice of a TV interviewer for her 1986 short film, no soundtrack album was released, Anderson later reused music from the film for a series of Personal Service Announcements which she produced in 1989 to promote her album, Strange Angels. While Sam Waterston and Ira Wheeler are credited as cast in this film, factory announced plans for a DVD release of Swimming to Cambodia on May 28,2013
30.
Spalding Gray
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Spalding Rockwell Gray was an American actor and writer. He is best known for the monologues that he wrote and performed for the theater in the 1980s and 1990s, as well as for his film adaptations of these works. He wrote and starred in several, working with different directors, Theater critics John Willis and Ben Hodges described his monologue work as trenchant, personal narratives delivered on sparse, unadorned sets with a dry, WASP, quiet mania. Gray achieved renown for his monologue Swimming to Cambodia, which he adapted as a 1987 film in which he starred, other of his monologues which Gray adapted for film were Monster in a Box, directed by Nick Broomfield, and Grays Anatomy, directed by Steven Soderbergh. Gray is believed to have committed suicide in New York City in January 2004, after struggling with depression, Steven Soderbergh made a documentary film about Grays life entitled And Everything Is Going Fine. An unfinished monologue and a selection from his journals were published in 2005 and 2011, Spalding Rockwell Gray was born in Providence, Rhode Island, to Margaret Elizabeth Betty, a homemaker, and Rockwell Gray, Sr. the treasurer of Brown & Sharpe. He was the middle-born of three sons, his brothers were Rockwell, Jr. and Channing and they were raised in the Christian Science faith of their mother. Gray and his brothers grew up in Barrington, Rhode Island, spending summers at their grandmothers house in Newport, Rockwell became a literature professor at Washington University of Saint Louis, and Channing a journalist in Rhode Island. After graduating from Fryeburg Academy in Fryeburg, Maine, Gray enrolled at Emerson College in Boston, Massachusetts and he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1963. In 1965, Gray moved to San Francisco, California, where he became a speaker and teacher of poetry at the Esalen Institute, in 1967, while Gray was vacationing in Mexico City, his mother committed suicide at age 52. After his mothers death, Gray returned to the East Coast, Grays books Impossible Vacation and Sex and Death to the Age 14 are largely based on his childhood and early adulthood. Gray began his career in New York in the late 1960s. In 1970, he joined Richard Schechners experimental troupe, The Performance Group, with actors from The Performance Group, including Willem Dafoe and Elizabeth LeCompte, Gray helped to co-found the theater company The Wooster Group. He worked with them from 1975 to 1980, before leaving the company to focus on his own monologue work and he had performed this monologue in New York City, and published it as a book in 1985. He adapted it as a film in 1987, directed by Jonathan Demme and this work was based on his experience in Thailand during filming a small role in The Killing Fields, about the war in Cambodia. Gray received a Guggenheim Fellowship and the National Book Award in 1985 for this work and he continued to write and perform monologues until his death. Up through 1993, these works often incorporated his relationship to his girlfriend Renée Shafransky and they married and she became his collaborator. Grays success with his monologues brought him various supporting movie roles and he also played the lead role of the Stage Manager in a high-profile 1988 revival of Thornton Wilders play Our Town by the Lincoln Center Theater
31.
HIV/AIDS in the United States
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HIV-2 is common in West Africa, but is much rarer in the United States than HIV-1, which is more virulent and progresses more quickly to the full-blown AIDS disease. In Africa, where the vast majority of cases have always been, treatment of HIV/AIDS is primarily a drug cocktail of protease inhibitors, and education programs help people avoid infection. For the first few decades, infected foreign nationals were turned back at the U. S. border to prevent additional infections. The number of U. S. deaths from AIDS have declined sharply since the years of the diseases presentation domestically. In the United States,1.2 million people live with an HIV infection, invariably, HIV is a silent disease when first acquired, though this latency varies in length. The progression from HIV infection to AIDS varies from 5–12 years, in the past, most individuals succumbed to the disease in 1–2 years after being diagnosed with AIDS. However, since the introduction of potent anti retroviral drug therapy and better prophylaxis against opportunistic infections, the overall death rate among persons diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in New York City decreased by 62% from 2001 to 2012. Great progress was made in the U. S. following the introduction of three-drug anti-HIV treatments that included protease inhibitors, david Ho, a pioneer of this approach, was honored as Time Magazine Man of the Year for 1996. Deaths were rapidly reduced by more than half, with a small, since this time, AIDS deaths have continued to decline, but much more slowly, and not as completely in black Americans as in other population segments. The second prong of the American approach to containment has been to maintain strict entry controls to the country for people with HIV or AIDS. Under legislation enacted by the United States Congress in 1993, patients found importing anti-HIV medication into the country were arrested and placed on flights back to their country of origin. Some HIV-positive travellers took to sending anti-HIV medication through the post to friends or contacts in groups in advance. This meant that the traveller would not be discovered with any medication, however, the security clampdown following the September 11 attacks in 2001 meant this was no longer an option. It was also felt that this rule was unfair because it applied even if the traveller was covered for HIV-related conditions under their own travel insurance. In early December 2006, President George W. Bush indicated that he would issue an order allowing HIV-positive people to enter the United States on standard visas. It is unclear whether applicants will still have to declare their HIV status, however, the ban remained in effect throughout Bushs Presidency. In August 2007, Congressperson Barbara Lee of California introduced H. R.3337 and this bill would allow travelers and immigrants entry to the United States without having to disclose their HIV status. The bill died at the end of the 110th Congress, in July 2008, then President George W. Bush signed H. R.5501 that lifted the ban in statutory law
32.
Tom Hanks
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Thomas Jeffrey Hanks is an American actor and filmmaker. Hanks films have grossed more than $4.5 billion at U. S. and Canadian box offices and more than $9.0 billion worldwide, Hanks has been nominated for numerous awards during his career. In 2004, he received the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. In 2014, he received a Kennedy Center Honor and, in 2016, he received a Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2010, Spielberg and Hanks were executive producers on the HBO miniseries The Pacific. Hanks was born in Concord, California, the son of Janet Marylyn, a worker, and Amos Mefford Hanks. His mother was of Portuguese descent, while his father had English ancestry. The familys three oldest children, Sandra, Larry and Tom, went with their father, while the youngest, Jim, in his childhood, his family moved often. By the age of ten, Hanks had lived in ten different houses, while Hanks family religious history was Catholic and Mormon, he has characterized himself as being a Bible-toting evangelical for several years as a teenager. In school, Hanks was unpopular with students and teachers alike, later telling Rolling Stone magazine, I was a geek, I was horribly, painfully, terribly shy. At the same time, I was the guy whod yell out funny captions during filmstrips, but I didnt get into trouble. I was always a good kid and pretty responsible. In 1965, his father married Frances Wong, a San Francisco native of Chinese descent, Frances had three children, two of whom lived with Hanks during his high school years. Hanks acted in plays, including South Pacific, while attending Skyline High School in Oakland. Hanks studied theater at Chabot College in Hayward, California, and transferred to California State University, Sacramento, Hanks told New York magazine in 1986, Acting classes looked like the best place for a guy who liked to make a lot of noise and be rather flamboyant. I spent a lot of going to plays. I wouldnt take dates with me, id just drive to a theater, buy myself a ticket, sit in the seat and read the program, and then get into the play completely. I spent a lot of time like that, seeing Brecht, Tennessee Williams, Ibsen, during his years studying theater, Hanks met Vincent Dowling, head of the Great Lakes Theater Festival in Cleveland, Ohio. At Dowlings suggestion, Hanks became an intern at the festival and his internship stretched into a three-year experience that covered most aspects of theater production, including lighting, set design, and stage management, prompting Hanks to drop out of college
33.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
34.
Bruce Springsteen
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Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen is an American singer-songwriter. He is known for his work with the E Street Band, Springsteens recordings have included both commercially accessible rock albums and more somber folk-oriented works. His most successful albums, Born to Run and Born in the U. S. A. find pleasures in the struggles of daily American life. He has sold more 120 million records worldwide and more than 64 million records in the United States, in 2009, Springsteen was a Kennedy Center Honors recipient, in 2013 was named MusiCares person of the year and in 2016 was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He married Patti Scialfa in 1991, and the couple have had three children – Evan James, Jessica Rae and Sam Ryan, Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen was born on September 23,1949, at Monmouth Medical Center in Long Branch, New Jersey. He was brought home from the hospital to Freehold Borough where he spent his childhood and he lived on South Street and attended Freehold Borough High School. His father, Douglas Frederick Springsteen, was of Dutch and Irish ancestry, Springsteen said his mother, Adele Ann, a legal secretary and of Italian ancestry, was the main breadwinner. His maternal grandfather was born in Vico Equense, a town near Naples and he has two younger sisters, Virginia and Pamela. Pamela had a film career, but left acting to pursue still photography full-time, she took photos for his Human Touch, Lucky Town. The Springsteens are among the early Dutch families who settled in the colony of New Netherland in the 1600s, raised a Roman Catholic, Springsteen attended the St. In a 2012 interview, he explained that it was his Catholic upbringing rather than political ideology that most influenced his music and he noted in the interview that his faith had given him a very active spiritual life, although he joked that this made it very difficult sexually. He added, Once a Catholic, always a Catholic, in the ninth grade, Springsteen transferred to the public Freehold High School, but did not fit in there either. Former teachers have said he was a loner, who wanted nothing more than to play his guitar and he completed high school, but felt so uncomfortable that he skipped his own graduation ceremony. He briefly attended Ocean County College, but dropped out, Springsteen grew up hearing fellow New Jersey singer Frank Sinatra on the radio. He became interested in being involved in music himself when, in 1956 at the age of seven, in 1964, Springsteens mother bought him his first guitar for $18. 1964 was also an important year for Springsteen, having seen The Beatles appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, thereafter he started playing for audiences with a band called the Rogues at local venues such as the Elks Lodge in Freehold. In 1965, Springsteens mother took out a loan to buy her 16-year-old son a $60 Kent guitar, in the same year, he went to the house of Tex and Marion Vinyard, who sponsored young bands in town. They helped him become the lead guitarist and subsequently one of the singers of the Castiles
35.
Streets of Philadelphia
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Streets of Philadelphia is a song written and performed by American rock musician Bruce Springsteen for the film Philadelphia, an early mainstream film dealing with HIV/AIDS. Released as a single in 1994, the song was a hit in countries, particularly Canada, France, Germany, Ireland and Norway. In 2004 it finished at #68 on AFIs 100 Years.100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. In early 1993, Philadelphia director Jonathan Demme asked Springsteen to write a song for the in-progress film and it was recorded with Springsteen supplying almost all of the instrumentation, with bass and background vocals from Other Band member Tommy Sims. Released in early 1994 as the single from the films original soundtrack, it became a huge success for Springsteen all over Europe. Streets of Philadelphia achieved greater popularity in Europe than in the United States, while it peaked at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, it became a number-one single in Germany, France and Austria. It peaked at two in the United Kingdom, becoming Springsteens highest charting hit in Britain, and number four in Australia. As of 2012, Streets of Philadelphia ranks as his most recent top ten hit, the song was included on the album All Time Greatest Movie Songs, released by Sony in 1999. After a quick shot of Rittenhouse Square, it ends with Springsteen walking along the Delaware River, Tom Hanks is also visible as the lead character he plays in the film, looking on as Bruce begins the final verse. The vocal track for the video was recorded live during the shooting, using a hidden microphone, Springsteen would go on to use the same technique in his Lonesome Day video in 2002. Between this, Philadelphias strong box office performance, and the single being a Top 10 pop hit, nonetheless, Springsteen went on to perform the song only sparingly in his own concerts. In solo guitar form and missing the songs trademark synthesizers-and-drums feel, it was performed semi-regularly on the solo and stark 1995-1997 Ghost of Tom Joad Tour. After that, the became a rarity, only appearing a dozen times on the 1999-2000 E Street Band Reunion Tour. The song has been covered live by Melissa Etheridge and David Gray, recorded covers have been released by Ray Conniff, Casiotone for the Painfully Alone, Marah, Liv Kristine, Molly Johnson, Bettye Lavette, SALEM, Gregorian and I Muvrini with Anggun. Philadelphia rappers, Cassidy & the Larsiny Family have made a cover of song on the Put Ya L in the Sky mixtape. French artist Patrick Bruel and U2 covered the song, translating the lyrics into French while retaining the music, after the movie Philadelphia was released, many artists covered it. In 2010, the French string quartet Quatuor Ébène recorded a version on their album Fiction, with drummer Richard Héry, the song is also covered by The Fray on their album Scars and Stories, released in 2012. In 2011, the German group Gregorian released a Gregorian chant version of the song in their album Masters of Chant Chapter VIII, also in 2011 Idols South Africa season seven winner Dave van Vuuren performed the song on the show and recorded it on his album Free the Animals
36.
Toni Morrison
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Toni Morrison is an American novelist, editor, and Professor Emeritus at Princeton University. Her novels are known for their themes, vivid dialogue. Among her best known novels are The Bluest Eye, Sula, Song of Solomon, Morrison won the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award in 1988 for Beloved. Beloved was adapted into a film of the name in 1998. Morrison was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993, in 1996, the National Endowment for the Humanities selected her for the Jefferson Lecture, the U. S. federal governments highest honor for achievement in the humanities. She was honored with the 1996 National Book Foundations Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters, Morrison was commissioned to write the libretto for a new opera, Margaret Garner, first performed in 2005. On May 29,2012, Morrison received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, in 2016 Morrison received the PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction. Toni Morrison was born in Lorain, Ohio, to Ramah and she is the second of four children in a working-class family. Her parents moved to Ohio to escape racism and instilled a sense of heritage through telling traditional African American folktales. She read frequently as a child, among her favorite authors were Jane Austen and she became a Catholic at the age of 12 and received the baptismal name Anthony, which later became the basis for her nickname Toni. In 1949 she enrolled at Howard University, graduating in 1953 with a B. A. in English and her Masters thesis was Virginia Woolfs and William Faulkners Treatment of the Alienated. She taught English, first at Texas Southern University in Houston for two years, then at Howard for seven years, while teaching at Howard, she met Harold Morrison, a Jamaican architect, whom she married in 1958. The couple had two children and divorced in 1964, in that capacity, Morrison played a vital role in bringing black literature into the mainstream, editing books by authors such as Henry Dumas, Toni Cade Bambara, Angela Davis, and Gayl Jones. In 1983, she left publishing to devote time to writing. Morrison began writing fiction as part of an group of poets. She attended one meeting with a story about a black girl who longed to have blue eyes. She later developed the story as her first novel, The Bluest Eye and she wrote it while raising two children and teaching at Howard. In 1975 her novel Sula was nominated for the National Book Award and her third novel, Song of Solomon, brought her national attention
