José Bono Martínez is a politician of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). He served as President of the Congress of Deputies during the 9th Legislature. Before that, he was the Minister of Defence of Spain from 18 April 2004 in the Government chaired by José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. He left his ministerial post on 7 April 2006 and was replaced by former Minister of Interior, José Antonio Alonso. Bono had previously served as President of the Autonomous Community of Castile-La Mancha from 6 June 1983 to 17 April 2004. In 2020, he was granted Dominican Republic citizenship by means of a presidential decree.

The Congress of Deputies is the lower house of the Cortes Generales, Spain's legislative branch, the upper house being the Senate. The Congress meets in the Palace of the Parliament in Madrid.