Josef Fessler
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Josef Fessler was Roman Catholic Bishop of Sankt Pölten in Austria, a secretary of the First Vatican Council and an authority on patristics.
Bischof Joseph Fessler St. Pölten
Ultramontanism
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Ultramontanism is a clerical-political conception within the Catholic Church that places strong emphasis on the prerogatives and powers of the Pope in matters related to civil state governance. It con
Josef Fessler
…False Infallibility of the Popes, London, 1875). In this brochure, Fessler argued for a definition of infallibility based on the writings of Italian Ultramontane theologians including Robert Bellarmine, Pietro Ballerini, and Giovanni Perrone. Karl Josef von Hefele, the Bishop of Rottenburg, who had previously…
Statue of Pope Alexander I. Ultramontane Catholics emphasized the authority of the pope over temporal affairs of civil governments as well as the spiritual affairs of the Church.
Pope Pius IX, who called the First Vatican Council
Cardinal Henry Edward Manning
1881 illustration depicting papal infallibility