Ultramontanism
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Ultramontanism is a clerical-political conception within the Catholic Church that places strong emphasis on the prerogatives and powers of the Pope in matters related to civil state governance. It con
Statue of Pope Alexander I. Ultramontane Catholics emphasized the authority of the pope over temporal affairs of civil governments as well as the spiritual affairs of the Church.
Pope Pius IX, who called the First Vatican Council
Cardinal Henry Edward Manning
1881 illustration depicting papal infallibility
Old Catholic Church
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The Old Catholic Church, Old Catholics, Old-Catholic churches, or Old Catholic movement are "any of the groups of Western Christians who believe themselves to maintain in complete loyalty the doctrine
Ultramontanism
…the heresy of ultramontanism". It was specifically decried in the "Declaration of the Catholic Congress at Munich", in the Theses of Bonn, and in the Declaration of Utrecht, which became the foundational documents of Old Catholics (Altkatholische) who split with Rome over the declaration on infallibility and supremacy…
Old Catholic parish church in Gablonz an der Neiße, Austria-Hungary (now Jablonec nad Nisou, Czech Republic). Some ethnic German Catholics supported Döllinger in his rejection of the Roman Catholic dogma of papal infallibility.