Josephinism
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Josephinism is a name given collectively to the domestic policies of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor. During the ten years in which Joseph was the sole ruler of the Habsburg monarchy, he attempted to le
The Edict of Tolerance of 1781
Titelkupfer Index librorum prohibitorum
Leopold II was the penultimate Holy Roman Emperor, as well as King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, and Archduke of Austria from 1790 to 1792, and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790 as Leopold I.
Josephinism
…the Hungarian constitution. Before he could actually be officially crowned "King of Hungary", he died at the age of 49. Joseph's brother and successor, Leopold II, reversed the course of the Empire by rescinding some Josephine reforms, but managed to preserve the unity of the Habsburg lands by showing a respect…
Leopold II as Holy Roman Emperor c. 1790s
Young Leopold Drawing Fortifications, Jean-Étienne Liotard, 1762
Leopold (left) with his brother Emperor Joseph II, Emperor Joseph II and Grand Duke Pietro Leopoldo of Tuscany by Pompeo Batoni, 1769, Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum
Leopold as Grand Duke of Tuscany, portrait by Anton Raphael Mengs, 1770