1.
Jumeirah (hotel chain)
–
Jumeirah Group is a Dubai-based international luxury hotel chain and part of Dubai Holding. Jumeirahs portfolio includes the Burj Al Arab, Jumeirah Emirates Towers, Jumeirah Beach Hotel, Madinat Jumeirah, Jumeirah Zabeel Saray in Dubai and it also includes two five-star luxury serviced residences, Jumeirah Living World Trade Centre in Dubai and Grosvenor House Apartments by Jumeirah Living London. Jumeirah Groups activities include management of Wild Wadi Waterpark, spa brand Talise, Jumeirah Restaurants, Jumeirah Sirius is Jumeirahs recognition and rewards programme. Professional golfer Rory McIlroy was the global ambassador from 2007 to 2012
2.
Burj Al Arab
–
The Burj al-Arab is a luxury hotel located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is the third tallest hotel in the world, however, Burj Al Arab stands on an artificial island 280 m from Jumeirah beach and is connected to the mainland by a private curving bridge. The shape of the structure is designed to mimic the sail of a ship and it has a helipad near the roof at a height of 210 m above ground. The beachfront area where Burj Al Arab and Jumeirah Beach Hotel are located was previously called Chicago Beach, the hotel is located on an island of reclaimed land 280 meters offshore of the beach of the former Chicago Beach Hotel. The locales name had its origins in the Chicago Bridge & Iron Company which at one time welded giant floating oil storage tanks, the old name persisted after the old Hotel was demolished in 1997. Dubai Chicago Beach Hotel remained as the Public Project Name for the phase of Burj Al Arab Hotel until Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum announced the new name. Burj Al Arab was designed by multidisciplinary consultancy Atkins, led by architect Tom Wright, the design and construction were managed by Canadian engineer Rick Gregory also of WS Atkins. Construction of the Island began in 1994 and involved up to 2,000 construction workers during peak construction and it was built to resemble the billowing spinnaker sail of a J-class yacht. Two wings spread in a V to form a vast mast and it needed to be a building that would become synonymous with the name of the country. Fletcher Construction from New Zealand was the joint venture partner in the initial stages of pre-construction and construction. The hotel was built by South African construction contractor Murray & Roberts, the building opened in December 1999. Several features of the required complex engineering feats to achieve. The hotel rests on an artificial island constructed 280 m offshore, to secure a foundation, the builders drove 230 forty-meter-long concrete piles into the sand. Engineers created a layer of large rocks, which is circled with a concrete honeycomb pattern. It took three years to reclaim the land from the sea, while it took fewer than three years to construct the building itself, the building contains over 70,000 m3 of concrete and 9,000 tons of steel. Inside the building, the atrium is 180 m tall, Burj Al Arab is the worlds third tallest hotel. The structure of the Rose Rayhaan, also in Dubai, is 11 m taller than Burj Al Arab, the hotel is managed by the Jumeirah Group. Despite its size, Burj Al Arab holds only 28 double-story floors which accommodate 202 bedroom suites, the smallest suite occupies an area of 169 m2, the largest covers 780 m2
3.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
4.
United Arab Emirates
–
In 2013, the UAEs population was 9.2 million, of which 1.4 million are Emirati citizens and 7.8 million are expatriates. The country is a federation of seven emirates, and was established on 2 December 1971, the constituent emirates are Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. Each emirate is governed by a monarch, together, they jointly form the Federal Supreme Council. One of the monarchs is selected as the President of the United Arab Emirates, Islam is the official religion of the UAE and Arabic is the official language. The UAEs oil reserves are the seventh-largest in the world while its natural gas reserves are the worlds seventeenth-largest, Sheikh Zayed, ruler of Abu Dhabi and the first President of the UAE, oversaw the development of the Emirates and steered oil revenues into healthcare, education and infrastructure. The UAEs economy is the most diversified in the Gulf Cooperation Council, while its most populous city of Dubai is an important global city, nevertheless, the country remains principally reliant on its export of petroleum and natural gas. The UAE is criticised for its rights record, including the specific interpretations of Sharia used in its legal system. The UAEs rising international profile has led analysts to identify it as a regional. It appears the land of the Emirates has been occupied for thousands of years, there is no proof of contact with the outside world at that stage, although in time it developed with civilisations in Mesopotamia and Iran. This contact persisted and became wide-ranging, probably motivated by trade in copper from the Hajar Mountains, in ancient times, Al Hasa was part of Al Bahreyn and adjoined Greater Oman. Sassanid groups were present on the Batinah coast, in 637, Julfar was an important port that was used as a staging post for the Islamic invasion of the Sassanian Empire. The area of the Al Ain/Buraimi Oasis was known as Tuam and was an important trading post for camel routes between the coast and the Arabian interior. The earliest Christian site in the UAE was first discovered in the 1990s, a monastic complex on what is now known as Sir Bani Yas Island. Thought to be Nestorian and built in 600 AD, the church appears to have been abandoned peacefully in 750 AD and it forms a rare physical link to a legacy of Christianity which is thought to have spread across the peninsula from 50 to 350 AD following trade routes. Certainly, by the 5th century, Oman had a bishop named John – the last bishop of Oman being Etienne, in 676 AD. This led to a group of travelling to Medina, converting to Islam and subsequently driving a successful uprising against the unpopular Sassanids. Following the death of Prophet Muhammad, the new Islamic communities south of the Persian Gulf threatened to disintegrate, with insurrections against the Muslim leaders. The Caliph Abu Bakr sent an army from the capital Medina which completed its reconquest of the territory with the battle of Dibba in which 10,000 lives are thought to have been lost
5.
Dubai
–
Dubai is the largest and most populous city in the United Arab Emirates. It is located on the southeast coast of the Persian Gulf and is the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Dubai are the only two emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national importance in the countrys legislature. The city of Dubai is located on the northern coastline. Dubai will host World Expo 2020, Dubai has emerged as a global city and business hub of the Middle East. It is also a transport hub for passengers and cargo. By the 1960s, Dubais economy was based on revenues from trade and, to an extent, oil exploration concessions. Oil revenue first started to flow in 1969, Dubais oil revenue helped accelerate the early development of the city, but its reserves are limited and production levels are low, today, less than 5% of the emirates revenue comes from oil. The emirates Western-style model of business drives its economy with the main revenues now coming from tourism, aviation, real estate, Dubai was recently named the best destination for Muslim travellers by Salam Standard. Dubai has recently attracted attention through many innovative large construction projects and sports events. The city has become iconic for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the worlds tallest building, Dubai has been criticised for human rights violations concerning the citys largely South Asian and Filipino workforce. As of 2012, Dubai was the 22nd most expensive city in the world, in 2014, Dubais hotel rooms were rated as the second most expensive in the world, after Geneva. Dubai was rated as one of the best places to live in the Middle East by U. S. global consulting firm Mercer, Many theories have been proposed as to the origin of the word Dubai. One theory suggests the word was used to describe the souq, another theory states that the name came from a word meaning money, as people from Dubai were commonly believed to be rich due to the thriving trading centre of the location. An Arabic proverb says Daba Dubai, meaning They came with a lot of money, according to Fedel Handhal, a scholar on the UAEs history and culture, the word Dubai may have come from the word daba, referring to the slow flow of Dubai Creek inland. The poet and scholar Ahmad Mohammad Obaid traces it to the same word, an inhabitant or native of the city is a Dubaian. Although stone tools have been found at archaeological sites, little is known about the UAEs early inhabitants as only a few settlements have been found. Many ancient towns in the area were trading centres between the Eastern and Western worlds, the remnants of an ancient mangrove swamp, dated at 7000 BC, were discovered during the construction of sewer lines near Dubai Internet City. The area was covered with sand about 5,000 years ago as the coast retreated inland, pre-Islamic ceramics have been found from the 3rd and 4th centuries
6.
Arabic
–
Arabic is a Central Semitic language that was first spoken in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. Arabic is also the language of 1.7 billion Muslims. It is one of six languages of the United Nations. The modern written language is derived from the language of the Quran and it is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic, which is the language of 26 states. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the standards of Quranic Arabic. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-Quranic era, Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics. As a result, many European languages have borrowed many words from it. Many words of Arabic origin are found in ancient languages like Latin. Balkan languages, including Greek, have acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has also borrowed words from languages including Greek and Persian in medieval times. Arabic is a Central Semitic language, closely related to the Northwest Semitic languages, the Ancient South Arabian languages, the Semitic languages changed a great deal between Proto-Semitic and the establishment of the Central Semitic languages, particularly in grammar. Innovations of the Central Semitic languages—all maintained in Arabic—include, The conversion of the suffix-conjugated stative formation into a past tense, the conversion of the prefix-conjugated preterite-tense formation into a present tense. The elimination of other prefix-conjugated mood/aspect forms in favor of new moods formed by endings attached to the prefix-conjugation forms, the development of an internal passive. These features are evidence of descent from a hypothetical ancestor. In the southwest, various Central Semitic languages both belonging to and outside of the Ancient South Arabian family were spoken and it is also believed that the ancestors of the Modern South Arabian languages were also spoken in southern Arabia at this time. To the north, in the oases of northern Hijaz, Dadanitic and Taymanitic held some prestige as inscriptional languages, in Najd and parts of western Arabia, a language known to scholars as Thamudic C is attested
7.
Expatriate
–
An expatriate is a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country other than that of their citizenship. In common usage, the term refers to professionals or skilled workers sent abroad by their companies. However, it can refer to retirees and others who have chosen to live outside their native country. Historically, it has referred to exiles. The word expatriate comes from the Latin terms ex and patria, dictionary definitions for the current meaning of the word include, Expatriate, A person who lives outside their native country, or living in a foreign land. The varying use of terms for different groups of foreigners can thus be seen as implying nuances about wealth, intended length of stay, perceived motives for moving, nationality. An older usage of the word expatriate was to refer to an exile, as far back as antiquity, people have gone to live in foreign countries, whether as diplomats, merchants or missionaries. The numbers of such travellers grew markedly after the 15th century with the dawn of the European colonial period, in the 19th century, travel became easier by way of steamship or train. People could more readily choose to live for years in a foreign country. After World War II, decolonisation accelerated, however, lifestyles which had developed among European colonials continued to some degree in expatriate communities. Remnants of the old British Empire, for example, can still be seen in the form of gated communities staffed by domestic workers, social clubs which have survived include the Hash House Harriers and the Royal Selangor. Homesick palates are catered for by specialist food shops, and drinkers can still order a gin and tonic, although pith helmets are mostly confined to military ceremonies, civilians still wear white dinner jackets or even Red Sea rig on occasion. The use of curry powder has long since spread to the metropole, from the 1950s, scheduled flights on jet airliners further increased the speed of international travel. This enabled a hypermobility which led to the jet set, and eventually to global nomads, since the 1990s, the rise of the Internet has allowed some types of worker to become digital nomads. Websites aimed at expatriates began to appear about the same time, the number of expatriates in the world is difficult to determine. In 2013, the United Nations estimated that 232 million people, or 3.2 per cent of the world population, in 2007, only 20 per cent of Dubais population were citizens. Singapore, where 40 per cent of the inhabitants were foreign-born workers, many multinational corporations send employees to foreign countries to work in branch offices or subsidiaries. Expatriate employees allow a parent company to more closely control its foreign subsidiaries and they can also improve global coordination
8.
Emirati people
–
The Emirati people are citizens of the United Arab Emirates. The largest concentration is in the UAE, where there are 1.4 million Emiratis, formerly known as the Trucial States or Trucial Oman, the UAE is made up of seven emirates, each of which had a dominant or ruling family or tribe. A large number of them are from other Arab countries too and some have South Asian blood, Emirati culture is based on Arab culture and has been influenced by the religion Islam. Arabian influence on Emirati culture is visible in traditional Emirati architecture. Ever since the 20th century, the country has become more cosmopolitan, the influence of Islamic culture on Emirati architecture, music, attire, cuisine and lifestyle are very prominent as well. Five times every day, Muslims are called to the prayer from the minarets of mosques which are scattered around the country, some oriental educationists and cultural academics have stated that luxuriousness and some extravagance is a feature of the Emirati culture. The music of the UAE stems from the Persian Gulf seafaring tradition, distinctive dance songs from the areas fishermen are also well-known. Liwa is a type of music and dance performed mainly in communities of Bantu peoples from the African Great Lakes region, the United Arab Emirates is a recently created country with a history entwined with various empires, such as those of Portugal and the United Kingdom. The Romans also exerted influence on the Persian Gulf, envoys from the Islamic prophet Muhammad saw the islands convert to Islam around 630 C. E. Later in the 16th century the Portuguese would battle the then dominant force in the Persian Gulf, during the 17th century, the Ottomans took control of the islands and UAE was known as the Pirate Coast. By the 19th century, the British Empire had taken control of the land then called the Trucial States. The Trucial States were under the control of the British Empire until 1971, consequently, with weakening British control, the Trucial States became the UAE in 1971 with Ras al-Khaimah joining in 1972. The term Emirati comes from the Arabic word emir which means commander, each emirate is ruled by an emir. The Bani Yas tribe forms the basis of many clans within the UAE, sub-clans of the Bani Yas include Al Bu Falah Al Bu Falasah Another definition of Emirati is Arabs with origins in the UAE. Many modern Emirati names are derived from tribal names or offshoots of these tribes, for instance Mazroui, Nuaimi. Emiratism is the advocacy of Emirati national identity, the government promotes Emiratism by procuring nationals with preferential treatment on several socio-political platforms. This is accomplished through means, such as increasing the visibility of Emirati culture, by preserving Emirati cultural identity. The latter policy is referred to as Emiratisation by the government, falcon training is one of the UAEs national symbols
9.
Fisherman
–
A fisherman or fisher is someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish. Worldwide, there are about 38 million commercial and subsistence fishermen, the term can also be applied to recreational fishermen and may be used to describe both men and women. Fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period, fishing has existed as a means of obtaining food since the Mesolithic period. During the time of the Ancient Egyptians, fishermen provided the majority of food for Egyptians, fishing had become a major means of survival as well as a business venture. Fishing and the fisherman have also influenced Ancient Egyptian religion, mullets were worshiped as a sign of the flood season. Bastet was often manifested in the form of a catfish, in ancient Egyptian literature, the method that Amun used to create the world is associated with the tilapias method of mouth-brooding. According to the FAO, there were about 39 million fishers in countries producing more than 200,000 tonnes in 2012, the total fishery production of 66 million tonnes equated to an average productivity of 3.5 tonnes per person. Most of this took place in Asian countries, where four-fifths of world fishers. Most fishermen are men involved in offshore and deep-sea fisheries, women fish in some regions inshore from small boats or collect shellfish and seaweed. In many artisanal fishing communities, women are responsible for making and repairing nets, recreational fishing is fishing for pleasure or competition. It can be contrasted with fishing, which is fishing for economic profit, or subsistence fishing. The most common form of fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks. Lures are frequently used in place of bait, some people make handmade lures, including plastic lures and artificial flies. The practice of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook is called angling, when angling, it is sometimes expected or required that the fish be caught and released. Big-game fishing is fishing from boats to catch large species such as tuna, sharks. Noodling and trout tickling are also recreational activities, for some communities, fishing provides not only a source of food and work but also community and cultural identity. The fishing industry is hazardous for fishermen, between 1992 and 1999, US commercial fishing vessels averaged 78 deaths per year. The main contributors to fatalities are, inadequate preparation for emergencies poor vessel maintenance, many fishermen, while accepting that fishing is dangerous, staunchly defend their independence
10.
Pearl hunting
–
Pearl hunting is the act of recovering pearls from oysters in the sea. Pearl hunting used to be the industry in the Persian Gulf region. Before the beginning of the 20th century, the means of obtaining pearls was by manually gathering very large numbers of pearl oysters or mussels from the ocean floor or lake or river bottom. The bivalves were then brought to the surface, opened, more than a ton were searched in order to find at least 3-4 quality pearls. Because of the difficulty of diving and the nature of natural pearl growth in pearl oysters, pearls of the time were extremely rare. The Great Depression in the United States made it hard to get good prices for pearl shell, the natural pearls found from harvested oysters were a rare bonus for the divers. Many fabulous specimens were found over the years, by the 1930s, overharvesting had severely depleted the oyster beds. The government was forced to strictly regulate the harvest to prevent the oysters from becoming extinct, in the 19th century, divers in Asia had only very basic forms of technology to aid their survival at such depths. For thousands of years, most seawater pearls were retrieved by divers working in the Indian Ocean, in such as the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea. A fragment of Isidore of Charaxs Parthian itinerary was preserved in Athenaeuss 3rd-century Sophists at Dinner, Pearl divers near the Philippines were also successful at harvesting large pearls, especially in the Sulu Archipelago. In fact, pearls from the Sulu Archipelago were considered the finest of the world which were found in high bred shells in deep, clear, and rapid tidal waters. At times, the largest pearls belonged by law to the sultan, nonetheless many pearls made it out of the archipelago by stealth, ending up in the possession of the wealthiest families in Europe. Pearling was popular in Qatar, Bahrain, Japan, India, the Gulf of Mexico was particularly famous for pearling, which was originally found by the Spanish explorers. In the time of slavery in northern South America, a unique occupation amongst slaves was that of a pearl diver. A divers career was often short-lived because the waters being searched were known to be shark-infested, however, a slave who discovered a great pearl could sometimes purchase his freedom. Today, pearl diving has largely supplanted by cultured pearl farms. Particles implanted in the oyster encourage the formation of pearls, todays pearl industry produces billions of pearls every year. Ama divers still work, primarily now for the tourist industry, Pearl diving in the Ohio and Tennessee rivers of the United States still exists today
11.
Merchant
–
A merchant is a person who trades in commodities produced by other people to earn a profit. A merchant historically was anyone involved in business as long as industry, commerce, the status of the merchant has varied during different periods of history and among different societies. There are two types of merchant, A wholesale merchant is a wholesaler who operates in the chain between produce and retail merchant, typically dealing in large quantities of goods, some wholesale merchants only organize the movement of goods rather than move the goods themselves. A retail merchant or retailer, sells merchandise to end-users or consumers, a shop-keeper is a retail merchant. Merchants have existed as long as business, industry, trade, a merchant class characterized many pre-modern societies. Open air, public markets were known in ancient Babylonia and Assyria, China, Egypt, Greece, India, Persia, Phonecia and these markets typically occupied a place in the towns centre. Surrounding the market, skilled artisans, such as metal-workers and leather workers and these artisans may have sold wares directly from their premises, but also prepared goods for sale on market days. In ancient Greece markets operated within the agora, and in ancient Rome the forum, the nature of direct selling centred around transactional exchange, where the goods were on open display, allowing buyers to evaluate quality directly through visual inspection. Relationships between merchant and consumer were minimal, the Phoenicians plied their ships across the Mediterranean, becoming a major trading power by 9th century BCE. The Phoenicians imported and exported wood, textiles, glass and produce such as wine, oil, dried fruit and their trading skills necessitated a network of colonies along the Mediterranean coast, stretching from modern day Crete through to Tangiers and onto Sardinia. The Phoenicians not only traded in goods, but were also instrumental in transporting the trappings of culture. The Phoenicians extensive trade networks necessitated considerable book-keeping and correspondence, in around 1500 BCE, the Phoenicians developed a phonetic alphabet which was much easier to learn that the pictographic scripts used in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Phoenician traders and merchants were responsible for spreading their alphabet around the region. Phoenician inscriptions have been found in sites at a number of former Phoenician cities and colonies around the Mediterranean, such as Byblos. The Romans defined merchants or traders in a narrow sense. Merchants were those who bought and sold goods while landowners who sold their own produce were not considered to be merchants, being a landowner was a respectable occupation. On the other hand, the trade of merchant was not considered respectable, although they may have lacked high social standing, merchants in ancient Rome often made handsome profits. Umbricius Scauras, for example, was a manufacturer and trader of fish sauce in Pompeii and his villa, situated in one of the wealthier districts of Pompeii, was very large and ornately decorated in a show of substantial personal wealth
12.
Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
–
Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, known commonly as CB&I, is a large American conglomerate engineering, procurement and construction company. CB&I specializes in projects for oil and gas companies, according to one of the founders heirs, The old joke is that Chicago Bridge & Iron isnt in Chicago, doesnt build bridges and doesnt use iron. As of this date, CB&I currently employs approximately 40,000 people worldwide, as of February 2017, the corporate headquarters were located in The Hague, in the Netherlands, with the administrative headquarters being located in the Woodlands, Texas. As such, CB&I supported the expansion of oil exploration outside the US, starting operations in South America in 1924, in Asia two years later and in the Middle East in 1939. During World War II, CB&I was selected to build Landing Ship Tanks, which carried troops and supplies to American and Allied troops fighting in Europe, CB&I was chosen because of their reputation and skills, particularly welding. As a result of these and other production activities, CB&I ranked 92nd among US corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts. CB&I has been involved in a number of changes during the past two decades and it was acquired by Praxair in 1996, Praxair kept a chemical subsidiary and spun off CB&I as a Dutch-incorporated company the next year. CB&I headquarters moved from Chicago to Houston, Texas in 2001 and then to the Hague, since 2000, it has acquired a number of companies. Most recently in 2012, CB&I agreed to buy The Shaw Group for about US$3 billion, the company built a number of bridges and other works that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. CB&I acquired Lummus Global from ABB on November 19,2007, the transaction was completed on February 13,2013. In 2015, CB&I announced that they are selling their Nuclear Construction division to Westinghouse Electric Company, the towers support 1. 5-megawatt wind turbines, which are the largest wind turbines assembled in the United States and the most widely sold and tested megawatt-class wind turbines in the world. In April 2012, CB&I was awarded a contract for an expansion project in Geismar, Louisiana, including the license. A CB&I employee consulted the blacklist more than 900 times in 2007 alone, Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Chicago Bridge & Iron Company SEC Filings
13.
Oil tanker
–
An oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a merchant ship designed for the bulk transport of oil. There are two types of oil tankers, crude tankers and product tankers. Crude tankers move large quantities of unrefined oil from its point of extraction to refineries. Product tankers, generally smaller, are designed to move refined products from refineries to points near consuming markets. Oil tankers are often classified by their size as well as their occupation, the size classes range from inland or coastal tankers of a few thousand metric tons of deadweight to the mammoth ultra large crude carriers of 550,000 DWT. Tankers move approximately 2,000,000,000 metric tons of oil every year, second only to pipelines in terms of efficiency, the average cost of oil transport by tanker amounts to only two or three United States cents per 1 US gallon. Some specialized types of oil tankers have evolved, one of these is the naval replenishment oiler, a tanker which can fuel a moving vessel. Combination ore-bulk-oil carriers and permanently moored floating storage units are two variations on the standard oil tanker design. Oil tankers have been involved in a number of damaging and high-profile oil spills, as a result, they are subject to stringent design and operational regulations. The technology of oil transportation has evolved alongside the oil industry, although anthropogenic use of oil reaches to prehistory, the first modern commercial exploitation dates back to James Youngs manufacture of paraffin in 1850. In the early 1850s, oil began to be exported from Upper Burma, the oil was moved in earthenware vessels to the river bank where it was then poured into boat holds for transportation to Britain. In the 1860s, Pennsylvania oil fields became a supplier of oil. Break-bulk boats and barges were used to transport Pennsylvania oil in 40-US-gallon wooden barrels. But transport by barrel had several problems, the first problem was weight, the standard empty barrel weighed 64 pounds, representing 20% of the total weight of a full barrel. Other problems with barrels were their expense, their tendency to leak, the expense was significant, for example, in the early years of the Russian oil industry, barrels accounted for half the cost of petroleum production. In 1863, two tankers were built on Englands River Tyne. These were followed in 1873 by the first oil-tank steamer, Vaderland, the vessels use was curtailed by U. S. and Belgian authorities citing safety concerns. By 1871, the Pennsylvania oil fields were making limited use of oil tank barges, the modern oil tanker was developed in the period from 1877 to 1885
14.
Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
–
Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, is the vice president and prime minister of the United Arab Emirates, and Emir of Dubai. Since his accession in 2006, after the death of his brother Sheikh Maktoum, he has undertaken reforms in the UAEs government, in 2010 he launched the UAE vision 2021 with the aim of making the UAE one of the best countries in the world by 2021. He is responsible for the growth of Dubai into a city, as well as the launch of a number of major enterprises including Emirates Airline, DP World. Many of these are held by Dubai Holding, a company with multi-diversified businesses and he also drove the construction of Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world. An equestrian, he is the founder of the Maktoum family-owned Godolphin racing stable and the owner of Darley, in 2012, he rode the horse Madji Du Pont 160 km to take the FEI World Endurance Championship. He is a poet in his native Arabic. His mother was Sheikha Latifa bint Hamdan al-Nahyan, daughter of Hamdan bin Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan, from the age of four, he was privately tutored in Arabic and Islamic Studies. In 1955, he began his education at Al Ahmedia School. At the age of 10, he moved to Al Shaab School, in 1966, with his cousin Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Maktoum, he attended the Bell Educational Trusts English Language School in the United Kingdom. He subsequently studied at the Mons Officer Cadet School in Aldershot and he also travelled to Italy to train as a pilot. When the new nation of the United Arab Emirates was founded on 2 December 1971, a period of uncertainty and instability followed the Union of the United Arab Emirates, including skirmishes between tribes over property straddling new borders. On 24 January 1972, the former ruler of the Emirate of Sharjah, Saqr bin Sultan Al Qasimi led an insurrectionist coup against the ruler. Sheikh Khalid had been killed in the action, leading to the accession of his brother Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi as ruler of Sharjah. In 1973, he was involved in protracted negotiations with the hijackers of JAL404, led by Japanese Red Army member Osamu Maruouka, which landed in Dubai after being hijacked as it departed Schiphol. With more than 50,000 employees in over 100 cities around the globe, the group has real estate, logistics and other investments in the United States, the United Kingdom. The companys investment group operating units include Dubai Group and Dubai International Capital and he was also behind the establishment of government-owned low cost carrier FlyDubai. Through the 1970s, as well as his role as head of Dubai Defence Force and UAE Minister of Defence, the launch budget of the airline was $10 million and its inaugural flight took place on 25 October 1985. Sheikh Mohammed made his uncle, Ahmed bin Saeed chairman of the new company, in 1991, Sheikh Mohammed merged the Jebel Ali Port and Free Zone and Port Rashid to form the Dubai Ports Authority
15.
Majlis Ghorfat Umm Al Sheif
–
Majlis Ghorfat Umm Al Sheif is a preserved building that was a home of Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, where he used to spend afternoons during summer. Constructed in 1955, it is considered to be one of the most important historical places in Jumeirah area and it was called Majlis Ghorfat Umm Al Sheif in honor of one of the ancient submarines which was full of oysters. It is now owned and managed by Dubai Culture & Arts Authority, opening hours of Majlis Ghorfat Umm Al Sheif are Sunday to Thursday 07,30 –14,30, closed on Friday & Saturday. List of buildings in Dubai Majlis Ghorfat Umm Al Sheif, Dubai Culture & Arts Authority
16.
Jumeira Baccalaureate School
–
Jumeira Baccalaureate School is a Pre K-12 school in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is an institution managed by Taaleem, a UAE-based company. The school is an International Baccalaureate World School, providing education from Pre-KG to Grade 12 and these are followed by the IBs Middle Years Programme, Diploma Programme and the IBs Careers-related Programme. The school spreads over 8 acres of landscaped grounds, the school language of Instruction is English. Arabic and French are offered from KG onwards, the Knowledge and Human Resources Authority is an educational quality assurance authority in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. They are responsible for the growth, direction and quality of private education and they have consistently rated the school as good
17.
Wayback Machine
–
The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
18.
Al Dhagaya
–
Al Dhagaya is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Located in eastern Dubai in Deira, Al Dhagaya forms part of Dubais northeastern coast along the Persian Gulf, Al Dhagaya is located near the Deira Corniche and is bounded by Al Baraha, Al Ras, Al Sabkha and Ayil Nasir. One of the populous residential areas of west Deira, Al Dhagaya also has a prominent economic district with souks. The Dubai Gold Souk and Dubai Spice Souk are located at the heart of Al Dhagaya, additionally, several other traditional shops stores such as ARY Jewellery, Joy Allukas Jewellery and the Dubai Fish and Vegetable Market are located in Al Dhagaya. Al Dhagayas northern periphery lies along the Dubai Corniche, the Al Shindagha Tunnel, which connects Deira to Bur Dubai, runs through the northern coast of Al Dhagaya
19.
Al Hamriya Port
–
Mina Al Hamriya, also known as Port Al Hamriya, is a port-locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Mina Al Hamriya is one of the ports in Dubai, it is located in Deira. Mina Al Hamriya is bordered to the south by Al Waheda and Abu Hail and to the south, the Palm Deira, once complete, will form the northern periphery of Mina Al Hamriya. The route D92 runs roughly parallel along the locality of Mina Al Hamriya, in 1975, a Dhs.20 million contract with the Dubai Government was set up to develop Al Hamriya Port. This was partially in response to the increase in activity in Dubai. The purpose of the port was to small fishing ships. Like all other ports in the city, Mina Al Hamriya is now managed by Dubai Ports World, the port plays a key role in facilitating trade between Dubai and countries in South Asia and East Africa. Food, automobile parts, and livestock comprise the bulk of trade through the port. Al Hamriya Port is in the process of being expanded, which includes augmentation of its commercial quay by 2.5 km in two phases
20.
Al Karama, Dubai
–
Al Karama, or simply Karama, is a residential district of Dubai close to Dubai Creek and part of the older area of the city. It is outwardly distinctive due to the regularity of its residential buildings. The area, which was planned on a grid system, is home to thousands of people even though it is only two square kilometers in size. Al Karama is the most populous area in Dubai, outside of areas zoned to house labour accommodations. Al karama holds the privilege of district having second most number of restaurants after Deira, zabeel Park divides Karama from the landmark Dubai World Trade Centre, as well as Sheikh Zayed Road and its famous skyscrapers. The districts western boundary is Trade Centre Road, where the popular BurJuman shopping mall is located, virtually all residents are non-UAE nationals, meaning that they are obliged to rent their apartments. The typical annual rent for a flat was about 42,000 dirhams in June 2006. Al Karama is also served by a station which is located in the middle of the Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Street. It is a station with access on both sides of the road and air-conditioned pedestrian bridges. The center of Karama is Karama Centre which is a building located right near the mosque. Karama is the home of Karama park, many children and adults of all ages come here for leisurely activities. The area has become popular for families since self-contained apartments are slightly cheaper and offer better amenities than other parts of Dubai south of the creek. Numerous commercial units exist along the main thoroughfares, parking space is becoming increasingly difficult to find as car parks are built over and car ownership increases. The covered parking included as a feature of new buildings has not eased the situation. Besides the widespread sale of goods, reported crime is relatively high in common with other parts of Dubai south of the creek
21.
Al Murar
–
Al Murar is a locality in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Al Murar is located in eastern Dubai in Deira and is bordered by the Deira Corniche in the north, Naif in the south, Ayil Nasir to the west, routes D92 and D82 form the northern and southern peripheries around the localities. Al Murar is a community in the heart of the Deira central business district. The name of the locality was derived from the name of the tribe that the majority of the previous resident families came from, and is commonly called Freej Al Murar
22.
Al Qusais
–
Al Qusais or Al Gusais is a large community in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is located in the Deira area of east Dubai, Al Qusais borders the localities of Hor Al Anz and Al Twar and is further subdivided into residential and industrial localities. Education in Al Qusais is provided by a number of public and privates schools and colleges. There are Arabic, Australian, British, There are also various private institutes providing dance, music, art and computer lessons. The Green line has five of its stations situated in Al Qusais, the Etisalat depot station has a parking area which can house 60 trains. Al Qusais Station, Airport Free Zone, Al Nahda and Stadium are the metro stations. Terminal 2 of Dubai International Airport is two minutes drive from the Airport Free Zone metro station, Al Qusais also has an extensive bus service and taxi services provided by the RTA. Al Qusais houses several small and large supermarkets and department stores, Al Mulla plaza is the first large shopping centre in Al Qusais and one of the oldest shopping centre in Dubai. It is an important landmark in the city, the Dubai Police Museum is located at Al Mulla Plaza which opened on November 19,1987. It comprises three exhibit halls, as well as documenting anti-drug efforts of the force, and the forces prison systems. On November 19,1987, the International Council of Museums placed the museum on the record of Arab Museums, the Madina Mall is a large shopping mall which opened in early 2012. Some leading retailers are Carrefour, Red tag, lulu Hypermarket is a vast shopping choice of fashion apparels, electronics, home furnishing, toys and accessories. There are several centres in Al Qusais. The multi-specialty facility offering modern medical solutions, is the vision of Dr. Zulekha Daud, the Sleep Lab, which analyses sleep related problems is also one of the first facilities in the region. Aster Medical Centre, Welcare EDC Al Qusais clinic, Al Deyafa Medical centre, Josephs Clinic, Dubai Police General Headquarters is located opposite Al Mulla Plaza. Al Qusais police station is one of the ten stations in Dubai and was founded in 1977. It moved to new premises, Beirut Street in 1999, the Ministry of Education, Dubai Civil Defence Headquarters is also located in the community. Al Ahli club was established in 1970, when two football teams Al Wehdah and Al Shabab joined together, and then four years later another local team Al Najah joiened to form Al Ahli Club. It is located next to the Stadium metro station, the club competes in basketball, volleyball, handball, track sport, table tennis and track cycling
23.
Dubai International Airport
–
Dubai International Airport is the primary airport serving Dubai, United Arab Emirates and is the worlds busiest airport by international passenger traffic. In 2016, DXB handled 83.6 million passengers,2.59 million tonnes of cargo, Dubai International is situated in the Al Garhoud district,2.5 nautical miles east of Dubai and spread over an area of 2,900 hectares of land. The airport is operated by the Dubai Airports Company and is the base of Dubais international airlines, Emirates. The Emirates hub is the largest airline hub in the Middle East, Emirates handles around 65% of all passenger traffic, Dubai Airport is also the base for low-cost carrier flydubai which handles 11. 6% of passenger traffic and 25% of aircraft movements at DXB. The airport consists of three terminals and has a capacity of 90 million passengers annually. Terminal 3 is the second largest building in the world by floor space, as of January 2016, there are over 7,700 weekly flights operated by 140 airlines to over 270 destinations across all six inhabited continents. The Empire Flying Boats also started operating once a week flying east to Karachi and west to Southampton, by February 1938, there were four flying boats a week. In the 1940s, flying from Dubai was by flying boats operated by British Overseas Airways Corporation, construction of the airport was ordered by the ruler of Dubai, Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, in 1959. It officially opened in 1960 with its first airfield, at time it was able to handle aircraft the size of a Douglas DC-3 on a 1,800 m long runway made of compacted sand. Three turning-areas, an apron and small terminal completed the airport that was constructed by Costain, in May 1963, construction of a 9,200 ft asphalt runway started. The installation of the system continued after official opening and was completed in August of that year. During the second half of the 1960s several extensions, equipment upgrades like a VHF omnidirectional range, by 1969, the airport was served by 9 airlines serving some 20 destinations. The inauguration was on 15 May 1966 and was marked by the visits of the first big jets of Middle East Airlines, the construction of a new terminal building consisting of a three-story building 110 m long and included an enclosed floor area of 13,400 m2. A new 28 m control tower was also constructed, expansion continued in the early 1970s including ILS Category II equipment, lengthening existing runway to 12,500 ft, installation of a non-directional beacon, diesel generators, taxiways, etc. This work made handling the Boeing 747 and Concorde possible, several runway and apron extensions were carried out through the decade to meet growing demand. 1971 saw the new precision category 2 Approach and Runway Lighting System being commissioned, the construction of the Airport Fire Station and the installation of the generators were completed in December of that year and was fully operational in March 1972. The ruler also commissioned and inaugurated the Long-range Surveillance System on 19 June 1973, with the expansion of the Airport Fire Services it was necessary to find more suitable accommodation and a hangar style building was made available to them at the end of 1976. This was located midway between the ends to facilitate efficient operations
24.
Mirdif
–
Mirdif is a residential area located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Mirdif has a population consisting of Europeans, South-Asians, Arabs, Emiratis, Mirdif is well-connected to the whole city including business districts such as Business Bay, Dubai World Trade Centre, and Dubai Festival City. It consists of elegant and sophisticated gated communities and it consists of high-end stylish communities and European style villas. Mirdif consists mainly of villa developments, or single privately held villas and it has become popular with expatriates since the 1990s. They are also responsible for projects like Jumeirah Beach Residence, Layan Villas etc, a project named Uptown Mirdif, developed by Union Properties, encompasses the east of Mirdif. It is close to Dubai Festival City and provides access to Universal American School. Mirdif is also close to Dubai Land, Greens etc. and it bordersAl Mizhar from the north and Al Warqaa from the south The eastern part of Mirdif is the public Al Mushrif park. Located adjacent to the Rashidiya Metro station and the Dubai International Airport, Mirdif is easily accessible from frequented arterial highways including Emirates Road and it is open every day from 8,00 to 23,00, Fridays, Saturdays and bank holidays longer. The public Al Mushrif park with a size of more than 15 hectars, Mirdif houses various collections of small corner shops and supermarkets, usually centred on a mosque. This results in them commonly being referred to as mosque shops, well known examples of these collections are, Mirdif Golden Gate Pink Mall Lifco West Zone Mirdif City Centre is a large shopping mall opened on 16 March 2010. The Mirdif City Centre project was first announced in April 2007 with construction beginning in August 2007 and it comprises 3,116,451 sq ft of gross floor area spread over a service basement level and 1st floor, and 180,000 m2 square metres of shopping space. The mall contains about 430 shops with adjacent 3 level parking for over 7000 cars, in addition the mall contains 8 standard and 2 gold-class cinemas, as well as a Fitness First gym, and two food courts with approximately 60 different eating outlets. Some leading retailers in Mirdif City Centre include Debenhams, Zara, Virgin Megastore, Uptown Mirdif is an open-air shopping centre which includes 400,000 sq ft of net lettable space. It was the first large shopping complex in Mirdif and it is directly connected to the property development of the same name, and follows the same aesthetic design. There is underground parking connected to Uptown Mirdif, which is divided between tenants and visitors, the centre also has a Fitness First gym, and a food court. Some leading retailers in Uptown Mirdif include Adidas, and Spinneys, Uptown Mirdif is a property project developed by Union Properties. The projects design is inspired by an ancient spa town, the project features over 2000 villas and flats, play areas and recreation facilities, a health care center and a primary school. The entire community is gated, and hence cut off from the rest of Mirdif, shorouq Community, situated along Algeria street, is a housing development that consists primarily of 3-4 bedroom villas
