Junk food is unhealthful food, high in calories from sugar or fat, with little dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, or other important forms of nutritional value. Precise definitions vary over time; some high-protein foods, like meat prepared with saturated fat, may be considered junk food. The term HFSS. Fast food and fast food restaurants are equated with junk food, although fast foods cannot be categorically described as junk food. Most junk food is processed food. Concerns about the negative health effects resulting from a junk food-heavy diet obesity, have resulted in public health awareness campaigns, restrictions on advertising and sale in several countries. Junk food is a pejorative dating back at least to the 1950s; the term junk food dates back at least to the early 1950s, although its coinage has been credited to Michael F. Jacobson of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, in 1972. In 1952, the phrase appeared in a headline in the Lima, News, "'Junk Foods' Cause Serious Malnutrition", over a reprint of a 1948 article from the Ogden, Standard-Examiner titled, "Dr. Brady’s Health Column: More Junk Than Food".

In the article, Dr. Brady writes, "I call cheat food; that is or refined white sugar or syrup. For example, white bread, cake, ice cream soda, chocolate malted, sweetened carbonated beverages." The term cheat food can be traced back in newspaper mentions to at least 1916. In Andrew F. Smith's Encyclopedia of Junk Food and Fast Food, junk food is defined as "those commercial products, including candy, bakery goods, ice cream, salty snacks and soft drinks, which have little or no nutritional value but do have plenty of calories and fats. While not all fast foods are junk foods, most are. Fast foods are ready-to-eat foods served promptly after ordering; some fast foods are high in calories and low in nutritional value, while other fast foods, such as salads, may be low in calories and high in nutritional value."Junk food provides empty calories, supplying little or none of the protein, vitamins, or minerals required for a nutritious diet. Many foods, such as hamburgers and tacos, can be considered either healthy or junk food, depending on their ingredients and preparation methods.

The more processed items fall under the junk food category, including breakfast cereals that are sugar or high fructose corn syrup and white flour or milled corn. The United Kingdom's Advertising Standards Authority, the self-regulatory agency for the UK ad industry, uses nutrient profiling to define junk food. Foods are scored for "C" nutrients; the difference between A and C scores determines whether a food or beverage is categorized as HFSS. In Panic Nation: Unpicking the Myths We're Told About Food and Health, the junk food label is described as nutritionally meaningless: food is food, if there is zero nutritional value it isn't a food. Co-editor Vincent Marks explains, "To label a food as'junk' is just another way of saying,'I disapprove of it.' There are bad diets - that is, bad mixtures and quantities of food - but there are no'bad foods' except those that have become bad through contamination or deterioration." According to an article in the New York Times, "Let Us Now Praise the Great Men of Junk Food", "The history of junk food is a American tale: It has been around for hundreds of years, in many parts of the world, but no one has done a better job inventing so many varieties of it, branding it, mass-producing it, making people rich off it and, of course, eating it."

Cracker Jack, the candy-coated popcorn-and-peanuts confection, is credited as the first popular name brand junk food. Junk food in its various forms is popular, an integral part of modern popular culture. In the US, annual fast food sales are in the area of $160 billion, compared to supermarket sales of $620 billion. In 1976, the US Top 10 pop song, "Junk Food Junkie", described a junk food addict who pretends to follow a healthy diet by day, while at night gorges on Hostess Twinkies and Fritos corn chips, McDonald's and KFC. Thirty-six years Time placed the Twinkie at #1 in an article titled, "Top 10 Iconic Junk Foods": "Not only...a mainstay on our supermarket shelves and in our bellies, they've been a staple in our popular culture and, above all, in our hearts. Criticized for its lack of any nutritional value whatsoever, the Twinkie has managed to persevere as a cultural and gastronomical icon."America celebrates an annual National Junk Food Day on July 21. Origins are unclear. "In honor of the day," Time in 2014 published, "5 Crazy Junk Food Combinations".

Headlines from other national and local media coverage include: "Celebrate National Junk Food Day With… Beer-Flavored Oreos?". As for junk food's appeal, there is no

Emma Jean Bell is an American actress, best known for her roles in films Frozen and Final Destination 5, for playing Amy in the first and third season of The Walking Dead, Emma Judith Ryland Brown on the TNT drama series Dallas. Because of her work in multiple horror films and TV shows, she is regarded as a modern scream queen. Emma Bell, born in Weehawken, New Jersey, grew up in Flemington and the Stanton section of Readington Township and attended Hunterdon Central Regional High School, she moved to New York City at the age of 16. She attended Talent Unlimited High School Performing Arts High School on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, her mother, Tessa Horan, was a producer for 60 Minutes, her father, Robert M. "Rob" Bell, owns Green Birdie Productions, a full-service video production company in Lambertville, New Jersey. Her father was a reporter and writer-producer for WWOR-TV, her brother, Chase Sterling Bell, is a musician. Her paternal grandparents are Ensign Charles Robert Bell and Elise Emma Stone, a Daughter of the American Revolution, both graduates of Swarthmore College in 1939 and he from the Naval Supply School, Harvard University in 1941, married in Brooklyn on a Sunday, September 14, 1941, her aunt is Jean Elise Bell.

Her great-grandparents were Lieutenant Mead Wilmer Stone, who fought in the First World War and was a co-owner of George Malvese and Company of Garden City Park, in Long Island, Lillie Seamann. Bell began her acting career in an Off-Broadway cabaret show in New York at the age of 12, she made her screen debut in the episode of NBC drama series Third Watch. She appeared on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, in 2006 starred in the short-lived The WB television series The Bedford Diaries, she appeared on such other shows as Supernatural, Law & Order, CSI: Miami. She made her film debut in the 2007 sports drama film Gracie and appeared in New York City Serenade, The Favor, Death in Love, Elektra Luxx. In 2010, Bell starred as one of the main characters in the film Frozen; the film has received positive reviews from critics and in same year she named one of the "55 Faces of the Future" in Nylon's young Hollywood issue. She appeared in Hatchet II. In 2010, Bell portrayed the role of Amy, the younger sister of Andrea in Season 1 of the AMC drama series The Walking Dead.

In 2011, Bell starred as Molly Harper, the female lead character, in the 2011 thriller-horror film Final Destination 5. Bell starred in two television pilots through NBC but neither resulted in becoming full series, Reconstruction in 2011 and Midnight Sun in 2012. In September 2012, it was announced that Bell had signed on as a series regular on the second season of TNT's drama series Dallas, she played the role of Emma Judith Ryland Brown, Ann Ewing's and Harris Ryland's daughter, Judith Brown Ryland's granddaughter. In 2013, Bell starred in independent films Life Inside Out and See You in Valhalla. In 2016, Bell played young Emily Dickinson in the drama film A Quiet Passion starring Cynthia Nixon, she made her directing debut with short film Scratch. She directed and wrote short film Between the Pines. On television, she has appeared on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, American Horror Story: Roanoke and NCIS, she starred alongside Dan Fogler in the upcoming drama film The Argument directed by Robert Schwartzman.

On October 6, 2018, Bell married fellow actor Camron Robertson. Emma Bell on IMDb Emma Bell on Twitter

Juan Luna Building is a historic building located in Binondo, Philippines. It was known as the Pacific Commercial Company Building, First National City Bank Building, the Ayala Building The Juan Luna Building was built as the Pacific Commercial Company Building in the 1920s; the construction of the building was finished by July 1922 and was inaugurated November 13, 1922. The building was bought by Enrique Zobel and was known as the "Ayala Building" from 1940 to 1959; the LBC Properties Inc. led a renovation of the building in 2007. The First National City Bank occupied the building. In 2009, the building was bought by businessman Carlos Araneta who planned to the building to host a business process outsourcing company; the building underwent renovation in 2012 and was meant to be named as the Juan Luna e-Services Building. The facade of the building was preserved However lack of investors hindered Araneta's plan and the Juan Luna Building was purposed as a mixed-used building that serves as a living museum Past midnight of May 28, 2018, a fire broke out at the nearby Land Management Bureau Building.

By 8am, the fire has reached the Juan Luna Building. The third floor and portions of the fourth floor of the Juan Luna Building were affected by the fire; the 150 Plaza Cervantes building and the Moraga Mansion were affected by the fire, put out around 4pm The incident is suspected to be caused by arson due to the timing of the start of the fire. The National Archives of the Philippines office hosted in the Juan Luna Building was affected by the fire although the agency stated that no historical documents were burnt since it keeps these in their offices in Paco and Ermita; the five-storey Juan Luna Building was designed by American architects Murphy, McGill and Hamlin of New York City and Shanghai, was completed at a cost of two million pesos. Occupying about 1,800 square meters of an irregularly shaped corner lot adjacent to El Hogar, it has a frontage of 43 meters on General Luna Street and 46 meters on Muelle de la Industria, along the Pasig River; the building derived its design from the trademark architectural features set by the International Banking Corporation of New York for its overseas branches.

The bank’s prototype was made up of a row of colossal columns in antis, faithfully reproduced for its Manila headquarters. The ground floor was rusticated to effect a textured finish; this floor had arched openings with fanlights emphasized by stones forming the arch. The main doors were adorned with lintels resting on consoles. Above the ground floor were six three-storey high, engaged Ionic columns, ending in an entablature topped by a cornice; these six columns dominating the south and west facades were, in turn, flanked by a pair of pilasters on both fronts. The fifth floor was indented and topped by an entablature crowned by strip of anthemion

East Okoboji Lake is a natural body of water 1,835 acres in area, in Dickinson County in northwest Iowa in the United States. It is part of the chain of lakes known as the Iowa Great Lakes; the area was long inhabited by the Eastern Dakota Sioux. The lake was known after its Dakota-language name, meaning reeds and rushes; the towns of Spirit Lake and Okoboji, founded as European-American settlements in the nineteenth century, sit along its western shore. They became notable after the Spirit Lake Massacre of 1857, when a renegade band of Sioux attacked the frontier settlements, in part for food, because they were suffering starvation during a severe winter with heavy snows, it was the last Native American attack in Iowa against settlers. Geologically, the lake, like its neighbors, is a glacial pothole, a remnant of the most recent ice age 13,000 years ago; the lake is shallow, with an average depth of 10 ft and a maximum depth of 22 ft. During the summer months, it is prone to stratification and to overgrowth with algae.

The lake is a popular fishing destination in the region for bullheads. The lake was the main setting of The Conduit. However, the episode was filmed with Buntzen Lake being used as Lake Okobogee. Iowa Great Lakes Region Iowa Department of Natural Resources site on East Okoboji Lake University of Iowa site on East Okoboji Lake chemistry U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: East Okoboji Lake

Phillip Andrew Walsh is an English professional footballer who plays for Welling United on loan from Bishop's Stortford. His father Alan Walsh was a professional footballer, making over 400 appearances in the Football League. Despite being born in Hartlepool, Walsh grew up in Portishead, North Somerset as one of four children, before moving to Turkey when his father Alan Walsh left Bristol City F. C. for Besiktas in 1989. The family returned to Portishead in 1991, where Walsh attended Gordano School between 1995 and 2000. After leaving school in 2000, Walsh played for Almondsbury Town. Having begun his career with Almondsbury Town, Walsh returned to the club in 2004 following spells with Clevedon Town and Taunton Town, he moved to Bath City in 2005, after impressing in a pre-season friendly win over Chesham United, where he established himself as a first team regular over a three-year period, as well as spending loan spells at Paulton Rovers and Tiverton Town. In 2008, he joined Newport County scoring one goal in nine appearances, during a 5–4 win over Dorchester Town, before moving to Tiverton Town on loan for the third time in his career making the move permanent for an undisclosed fee.

Walsh joined Dorchester Town in March 2009 to join up with former teammate Ashley Vickers, who had taken up a spot as the club's assistant manager. In late 2009, he joined Football League Two side Dagenham & Redbridge on trial, scoring two goals in a reserve fixture against Colchester United, before signing a permanent deal on 5 January 2010 for an undisclosed fee, he made his debut for the club on 6 February 2010 as a substitute in place of Jon Nurse during a 1–0 defeat to Northampton Town. He made a total of nine league appearances during the remainder of the season. On 13 August 2010, Walsh joined Barnet on loan as cover for injured striker Steve Kabba, his spell was successful in scoring 3 League goals in 8 appearances. On 6 January 2011 Walsh joined Cheltenham Town on a month's loan. Walsh joined Hayes & Yeading United on loan in January 2012. In May 2012, Walsh was released by Dagenham due to the expiry of his contract. Walsh signed for Ebbsfleet United in the summer of 2012. Walsh rejoined one of his previous clubs in Bath City in February 2014.

On 21 July 2016, Walsh joined National League South side Chelmsford City from Leatherhead after a successful trial at the club. Walsh signed for Hemel Hempstead Town in June 2017. Walsh is the brother-in-law of American actor Kelsey Grammer, who married his sister, Kayte Walsh, early in February 2011. Phil Walsh at Soccerbase Phil Walsh at Soccerway

Zheng Xiaoxu was a Chinese statesman and calligrapher. He served as the first Prime Minister of Manchukuo. Although Zheng traced his ancestral roots to Minhou, a small town near Fuzhou, he was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu. In 1882, he obtained the intermediate degree in the imperial examinations, three years he joined the secretariat of the prominent statesman Li Hongzhang. In 1891, he was appointed secretary to the Chinese legation in Tokyo, in the following years he performed consular duties at the Chinese consulates in Tsukiji and Kobe respectively. During his tenure in Kobe, he worked with the Chinese community and played an instrumental part in establishing the Chinese guild there. In Japan, Zheng interacted with a number of influential politicians and scholars, such as Itō Hirobumi, Mutsu Munemitsu and Naitō Torajirō. Following the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese war in 1894, Zheng was forced to leave Japan. Having returned to China, Zheng joined the secretariat of the reformist statesman Zhang Zhidong in Nanjing and followed him to Beijing, where Zheng obtained a position in the Qing foreign office, the Zongli Yamen.

Following the abortive Hundred Days' Reform in 1898, Zheng left his post in Beijing and took up a number of important government positions in central and southern China. After the collapse of the imperial system in 1911, Zheng remained loyal to the Qing dynasty and refused to serve under China's Republican government. Instead he withdrew from public life and retired comfortably in Shanghai, where he devoted his time to calligraphy and art, while writing extensive articles critical of the Kuomintang leadership, whom he characterized as “thieves”. In 1923, the former Qing emperor Puyi summoned Zheng to Beijing in order to reorganize the imperial household. Zheng became a close adviser of Puyi and helped arrange for his flight to the foreign concession at Tianjin after his expulsion from the Forbidden City. Zheng remained loyal to the throne and secretly met with Japanese officials and groups such as the Black Dragon Society to discuss a restoration of the Qing dynasty in Manchuria. Following the Mukden Incident and the invasion of Manchuria by the Imperial Japanese Army in 1931, Zheng played an important role in the establishment of Manchukuo, becoming its first prime minister the following year.

Zheng composed the lyrics of the National Anthem of Manchukuo. Zheng had hoped that Manchukuo would become a springboard for the restoration of Qing rule in the whole of China, but he soon found out that the real rulers of Manchukuo, the Japanese Kwantung Army, did not share his ambitions; as Prime Minister of Manchukuo, Zheng disagreed with the Japanese Army leadership. In May 1935, he was pressured to resign from his office. Three years he died under unclear circumstances, which led to speculation that he may have been poisoned by the Japanese, he was accorded a state funeral in April 1938. Although Zheng Xiaoxu is remembered today for his collaboration with the Japanese, he is still recognized as an accomplished poet and calligrapher. Zheng was one of the most influential calligraphers of the 20th century, his calligraphy brought high prices during his lifetime and he supported himself in life with the proceeds from its sale. His calligraphy continues to be influential in China and his style has been incorporated into the logos of current Chinese corporations.

Zheng kept an extensive diary, still valued by historians as important source material. Aisin-Gioro Puyi. From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Pu Yi. Translated by W. J. F. Jenner. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 2002. ISBN 7-119-00772-6. Boorman, Howard L. Richard C. Howard, Joseph K. H. Cheng, eds. Biographical Dictionary of Republican China. New York: Columbia University Press, 1967. Kowallis, Jon Eugene von; the Subtle Revolution: Poets of the'Old Schools' during late Qing and early Republican China. Berkeley: University of California, Institute of East Asian Studies, China Research Monographs #60, 2006. ISBN 1-55729-083-0. Mitter, Rana; the Manchurian Myth: Nationalism and Collaboration in Modern China. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22111-7. Yamamuro, Shinichi. Manchuria Under Japanese Dominion. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3912-1. Calligraphy by Zheng Xiaoxu