1.
Marrakech
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Marrakesh, also known by the French spelling Marrakech, is a major city of the Kingdom of Morocco. It is the fourth largest city in the country, after Casablanca, Fes and it is the capital city of the mid-southwestern region of Marrakesh-Safi. Marrakesh is possibly the most important of Moroccos four former imperial cities, the region has been inhabited by Berber farmers since Neolithic times, but the actual city was founded in 1062 by Abu Bakr ibn Umar, chieftain and cousin of Almoravid king Yusuf ibn Tashfin. In the 12th century, the Almoravids built many madrasas and mosques in Marrakesh that bear Andalusian influences. The red walls of the city, built by Ali ibn Yusuf in 1122–1123, Marrakesh grew rapidly and established itself as a cultural, religious, and trading centre for the Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa, Jemaa el-Fnaa is the busiest square in Africa. After a period of decline, the city was surpassed by Fes, beginning in the 17th century, the city became popular among Sufi pilgrims for Moroccos seven patron saints, who are entombed here. In 2009, Marrakesh mayor Fatima Zahra Mansouri became the woman to be elected mayor in Morocco. Like many Moroccan cities, Marrakesh comprises an old fortified city packed with vendors and their stalls, bordered by modern neighborhoods, today it is one of the busiest cities in Africa and serves as a major economic centre and tourist destination. Tourism is strongly advocated by the reigning Moroccan monarch, Mohammed VI, despite the economic recession, real estate and hotel development in Marrakesh has grown dramatically in the 21st century. Marrakesh is particularly popular with the French, and numerous French celebrities own property in the city, Marrakesh has the largest traditional market in Morocco, with some 18 souks selling wares ranging from traditional Berber carpets to modern consumer electronics. Crafts employ a significant percentage of the population, who sell their products to tourists. Marrakesh is one of North Africa’s largest centres of wildlife trade, much of this trade can be found in the medina and adjacent squares. Tortoises are particularly popular for sale as pets but Barbary macaques and snakes can also be seen, Marrakesh is served by Ménara International Airport and the Marrakesh railway station, which connects the city to Casablanca and northern Morocco. Marrakesh has several universities and schools, including Cadi Ayyad University, a number of Moroccan football clubs are located here, including Najm de Marrakech, KAC Marrakech, Mouloudia de Marrakech and Chez Ali Club de Marrakech. The Marrakesh Street Circuit hosts the World Touring Car Championship, Auto GP, the exact meaning of the name is debated. The probable origin of the name Marrakesh is from the Berber words amur akush, the word mur is used now in Berber mostly in the feminine form tamurt. The common English spelling is Marrakesh, although Marrakech is also widely used, the name is spelled Mṛṛakc in the Berber Latin alphabet, Marraquexe in Portuguese, Marraquech in Spanish, and Mer-reksh in Moroccan Arabic. From medieval times until around the beginning of the 20th century, the name for Morocco is still Marrakesh to this day in Persian and Urdu as well as many other South Asian languages
Marrakech
–
Marrakesh ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ Meṛṛakec مراكش Marrakech
Marrakech
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Gold coin minted during the reign of Ali ibn Yusef
Marrakech
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El Badi Palace
Marrakech
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T'hami El Glaoui
2.
French protectorate in Morocco
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The French Protectorate in Morocco, Arabic, حماية فرنسا في المغرب Ḥimāyat Faransā fi-l-Maḡrib) was established by the Treaty of Fez. It existed from 1912, when a protectorate was established, until independence. However, in the part of the 19th century Morocco’s weakness and instability invited European intervention to protect threatened investments. The first years of the 20th century witnessed a rush of diplomatic maneuvering through which the European powers, French activity in Morocco began during the end of the 19th century. France and Spain secretly partitioned the territory of the sultanate, with Spain receiving concessions in the far north and south of the country. The First Moroccan Crisis grew out of the rivalries of the great powers, in this case. Germany took immediate action to block the new accord from going into effect. Although the Algeciras Conference temporarily solved the First Moroccan Crisis it only worsened international tensions between the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente, in 1911, a rebellion broke out in Morocco against the Sultan, Abdelhafid. By early April 1911, the Sultan was besieged in his palace in Fez, the French dispatched a flying column at the end of April 1911 and Germany gave approval for the occupation of the city. Moroccan forces besieged the French-occupied city, approximately one month later, French forces brought the siege to an end. On 5 June 1911 the Spanish occupied Larache and Ksar-el-Kebir, on 1 July 1911 the German gunboat Panther arrived at the port of Agadir. There was a reaction from the French, supported by the British. France officially established a protectorate over Morocco with the Treaty of Fez, from a strictly legal point of view, the treaty did not deprive Morocco of its status as a sovereign state. The Sultan reigned but did not rule, Sultan Abdelhafid abdicated in favor of his brother Yusef after signing the treaty. On April 17,1912, Moroccan infantrymen mutinied in the French garrison in Fez, in late May 1912, Moroccan forces again unsuccessfully attacked the enhanced French garrison at Fez. First, the protectorate was established two years before the outbreak of World War I, which brought with it a new attitude toward colonial rule. Second, Morocco had a tradition of independence, though it had been strongly influenced by the civilization of Muslim Iberia. These circumstances and the proximity of Morocco to Spain created a relationship between the two countries
French protectorate in Morocco
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Map of Atlantic coast of Morocco (1830)
French protectorate in Morocco
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Flag
French protectorate in Morocco
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The French
artillery at
Rabat in 1911
French protectorate in Morocco
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French Moroccan medal
3.
Forward (association football)
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Forwards are the players on an association football team who play nearest to the opposing teams goal, and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals. Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players, modern team formations generally include one to three forwards, for example, the common 4–2–3–1 formation includes one forward. Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards, or none, the centre-forward is often a tall player, typically known as a target man, whose main function is to score the majority of goals on behalf of the team. Most modern centre-forwards operate in front of the strikers or central attacking midfielders. The present role of centre-forward is sometimes interchangeable with that of an attacking midfielder, a centre-forward usually must be strong, to win key headers and outmuscle defenders. The term centre-forward is taken from the football playing formation in which there were five forward players. The number would become synonymous with the centre-forward position. Strikers are known for their ability to peel off defenders and to run into space via the side of the defender and to receive the ball in a good goalscoring position. They are typically fast players with ball control and dribbling abilities. More agile strikers like Michael Owen have an advantage over taller defenders due to their short burst speed, a good striker should be able to shoot confidently with either foot, possess great power and accuracy, and have the ability to pass the ball under pressure in breakaway situations. Deep-lying forwards have a history in the game, but the terminology to describe their playing activity has varied over the years. Originally such players were termed inside forwards, creative or deep-lying centre-forwards, in fact, a coined term, the nine-and-a-half, has been an attempt to become a standard in defining the position. In Italy, this role is known as a rifinitore or seconda punta, whereas in Brazil, it is known as segundo atacante. An outside forward plays as the forward on the right or left wing – as an outside right or outside left. As football tactics have largely developed, and wingers have dropped back to become midfielders, many commentators and football analysts still refer to the wing positions as outside right and outside left. However, in the British game they are counted as part of the midfield. It is a duty to beat opposing full-backs, deliver cut-backs or crosses from wide positions and, to a lesser extent, to beat defenders. They are usually some of the quickest players in the team, in their Dutch, Spanish and Portuguese usage, the defensive duties of the winger have been usually confined to pressing the opposition fullbacks when they have the ball
Forward (association football)
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The forward (in red) is past the defence (in white) and is about to take a
shot at the goal. The
goalkeeper will attempt to stop the forward from scoring a goal by preventing the ball from passing the goal line.
Forward (association football)
–
A
New Zealand forward (in white) takes a shot on goal against
Cameroon in the
2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup.
4.
OGC Nice
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Olympique Gymnaste Club Nice Côte dAzur is a French association football club based in Nice. The club was founded in 1904 and currently plays in Ligue 1, Nice plays its home matches at the Allianz Riviera. Nice is managed by Lucien Favre and captained by defender Paul Baysse, Nice was founded under the name Gymnaste Club de Nice and is one of the founding members of the first division of French football. The club has won Ligue 1 four times and the Coupe de France three times, Nice achieved most of its honours in the 1950s with the club being managed by coaches such as Numa Andoire, Englishman William Berry and Jean Luciano. The clubs last honour was winning the Coupe de France in 1997 after beating Guingamp 4–3 on penalties in the final, nices colours are red and black. During the clubs run in the 1950s, Nice were among the first French clubs to successfully integrate internationals players into the fold. Notable players include Héctor De Bourgoing, Pancho González, Victor Nurenberg, Valle is the clubs all-time leading goalscorer and, arguably, the clubs greatest player. Gymnaste Club Azur was founded in the district of Les Baumettes on 9 July 1904 under the name Gymnaste Club. The club was founded by Marquis de Massengy dAuzac, who served as president of the Fédération Sportive des Alpes-Maritimes, akin to its name, the club primarily focused on the sports of gymnastics and athletics. The new section spawned a football club and, after two seasons, the two clubs merged, on 20 September 1919, Nice merged with local club Gallia Football Athlétic Club and, subsequently, adopted the clubs red and black combination. In 1920, the club was playing in the Ligue du Sud-Est, while playing in the league, Nice developed rivalries with Cannes and Marseille. On 22 December 1924, the changed its name to Olympique Gymnaste Club de Nice. In July 1930, the National Council of the French Football Federation voted 128–20 in support of professionalism in French football. Nice, along with most clubs from the south, were among the first clubs to adopt the new statute and, subsequently, in the leagues inaugural season, Nice finished seventh in its group. In the following season, Nice finished 13th and were relegated from the league, the club did not play league football in the ensuing season and returned to French football in 1936 playing in Division 2. Nice spent the three years playing in the second division. In 1939, professional football in France was abolished due to World War II, despite this, Nice continued to play league football under amateur status with the club participating in the Ligue du Sud-Est in 1939 and the Ligue du Sud in the following seasons. After the war, Nice returned to status and were inserted back into the second division
OGC Nice
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Frédéric Antonetti led Nice to the 2006 Coupe de la Ligue final.
OGC Nice
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OGC Nice
OGC Nice
–
Nice moved to the
Allianz Riviera in September 2013
5.
Stade Reims
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Stade de Reims is a French association football club based in Reims. The club was formed in 1910 under the name Société Sportive du Parc Pommery and currently play in Ligue 2, Reims plays its home matches at the Stade Auguste Delaune, a renovation of the old complex located within the city. The team is managed by Olivier Guégan and captained by defender Mickaël Tacalfred, Reims is one of the most successful clubs in French football history having won six Ligue 1 titles, two Coupe de France trophies, and five Trophée des champions titles. However, since the 1980s, Reims have struggled to get back to their zenith, the club hovered between Ligue 2 and the Championnat National for over thirty years after their relegation from the top flight in the 1978–79 season. In 2012 they were promoted back to Ligue 1, eventually being relegated again in 2016, the club adopted its current name on 18 June 1931. The club reached Division 1 for the first time in the 1945–46 season, during the same year, the club promoted defender Robert Jonquet to the senior team and signed Roger Marche from Olympique de Charleville. Together, the two went on to become, arguably, the clubs most famous players in its history, Reims won its first Division 1 championship in 1949. The following season, the won the Coupe de France defeating Racing Paris 2–1 in the final. After the season, manager Henri Roessler departed the club and longtime player Batteux took the reins, the teams subsequent rise in the sport led to the signings of Raymond Kopa and Raoul Giraudo. In 1953, Reims won its league title winning the league by four points. That same year, the won the Latin Cup becoming the first French football club to attained the honour. The victory was cited as a coup for France after the country finished three years as runners-up in the competition. After the 1954 season, Marche left to play for the Racing team in Paris, in 1955, Reims won its third title in six seasons. The championship led to the qualification for the newly created European Cup. In the inaugural edition of the European Cup, Reims reached the final where the team was defeated 4–3 by Spanish club Real Madrid, Reims controlled the match from the outset scoring two goals in the first ten minutes. However, two first half goals by Alfredo Di Stéfano and Héctor Rial for Madrid cancelled out Reims early attacks, in the second half, Reims took the lead through Michel Hidalgo, but within minutes, the match was re-drawn courtesy of a goal from Marquitos. Rials game-winner in the 79th minute ended Reims hopes of winning the first edition of the European Cup, after early struggles, the additions paid off with the club winning its third title of the decade in the 1957–58 season. The team also won the Coupe de France after beating Nîmes Olympique 3–1 in the final, in the 1958–59 edition of the European Cup, Reims returned to the final to face, for the second time, Real Madrid
Stade Reims
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Stade Reims
6.
France national football team
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The France national football team represents France in international football. The teams colours are blue, white and red, and the coq gaulois its symbol, France are colloquially known as Les Bleus. France play home matches at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, Paris, and they have won one FIFA World Cup, two UEFA European Football Championships, an Olympic tournament, and two FIFA Confederations Cups. France experienced much of its success in three major, in the 1950s, 1980s, and late 1990s/early 2000s respectively, which resulted in numerous major honours. In 1958, the team, led by Raymond Kopa and Just Fontaine, in 1984, France, led by Ballon dOr winner Michel Platini, won UEFA Euro 1984. Under the leadership of Didier Deschamps and three-time FIFA World Player of the Year Zinedine Zidane, two years later, the team triumphed at UEFA Euro 2000. France won the Confederations Cup in 2001 and 2003, and reached the final of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the team also reached the final of UEFA Euro 2016, where they lost 1–0 to Portugal in extra time. France, Argentina and Brazil are the national teams that have won the three most important mens titles recognized by FIFA, the World Cup, the Confederations Cup. They have also won their continental championship. The following year, on 12 February 1905, France contested their home match against Switzerland. The match was played at the Parc des Princes in front of 500 supporters, France won the match 1–0 with the only goal coming from Gaston Cyprès. Due to disagreements between FIFA and the Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques, the sports union. In 1919, the CFI transformed themselves into the French Football Federation, in 1921, the USFSA finally merged with the FFF. In July 1930, France appeared in the inaugural FIFA World Cup, in their first-ever World Cup match, France defeated Mexico 4–1 at the Estadio Pocitos in Montevideo. Lucien Laurent became notable in the match as he scored not only Frances first World Cup goal, conversely, France also became the first team to not score in a match after losing 1–0 to fellow group stage opponents Argentina. Another loss to Chile resulted in the team bowing out in the group stage, the following year saw the first selection of a black player to the national team. Raoul Diagne, who was of Senegalese descent, earned his first cap on 15 February in a 2–1 defeat to Czechoslovakia. Diagne later played with the team at the 1938 World Cup, alongside Larbi Benbarek, at the 1934 World Cup, France suffered elimination in the opening round, losing 3–2 to Austria
France national football team
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Michel Platini captained France to victory at
UEFA Euro 1984.
France national football team
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France
France national football team
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Didier Deschamps captained the French team that won both the
1998 FIFA World Cup and
UEFA Euro 2000.
France national football team
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Zinedine Zidane at the
2006 FIFA World Cup
7.
Paris Saint-Germain F.C.
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Paris Saint-Germain Football Club is a French professional football club based in Paris, whose first team play in the highest tier of French football, the Ligue 1. The club was formed in 1970 by the merger of Paris FC, Paris Saint-Germain remain the only club to have never been relegated from Ligue 1. The Parisians are also one of only two French clubs to win a European title – the other being arch-rivals Olympique de Marseille, PSG are the most successful French club in terms of trophies won, with 32. Domestically, Paris SG have won six Ligue 1 titles, a record ten French Cups, in international club football, Paris have won one UEFA Cup Winners Cup and one UEFA Intertoto Cup. PSG have always represented both Paris and nearby Saint-Germain-en-Laye, the capital side play their games in Paris at the Parc des Princes, while the Camp des Loges is located in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Paris SG spent their formative years using the Stade Municipal Georges Lefèvre, located in front of the Camp des Loges, Paris SG shares an intense rivalry with Marseille and contest the most notorious football match in France, known as Le Classique. PSG is the second-highest supported football club in France after OM, red, blue and white are the clubs traditional colours. And Paris est magique. are PSGs most popular mottos, the Red-and-Blues have hosted the Tournoi de Paris at the Parc des Princes since 1975. During the tournaments 2010 edition, PSG unveiled Allez Paris Saint-Germain, to the tune of Go West by Village People, Qatar Sports Investments has been the clubs owner since 2011. The takeover made Paris Saint-Germain the richest club in France and amongst the richest in the world. Currently, PSG have the sixth-highest revenue in the world with an annual revenue of €520.9 million. Towards the end of the 1960s, an group of businessmen decided to create a major club in the French capital. After a petition was signed by 20,000 people, Paris Saint-Germain Football Club were founded on 12 August 1970 with the merger of Paris FC, PSG are today the citys largest club by far, as well as Frances most successful club in terms of trophies won. Paris SG won the Ligue 2 title in their inaugural season, PSG have never formally been relegated from Ligue 1. However, the split into two in 1972. The professional arm of the continued life in the top-flight under the name of Paris FC. Paris returned to Ligue 1 in 1974, ironically the year that Paris FC were relegated. Since then, PSG have always played in Ligue 1, the clubs trophy cabinet welcomed its first major silverware in the shape of the French Cup in 1981–82
Paris Saint-Germain F.C.
–
Historical evolution of the club's crest.
Paris Saint-Germain F.C.
–
Paris Saint-Germain
Paris Saint-Germain F.C.
–
Entrance to the
Parc des Princes
Paris Saint-Germain F.C.
–
PSG fans before the
2006 Coupe de France Final.
8.
Toulouse FC
–
Toulouse Football Club, also known simply as Toulouse, is a French association football club based in the city of Toulouse. The club was founded in 1970 and currently plays in Ligue 1, Toulouse plays its home matches at the Stadium Municipal located within the city. The first team is managed by Pascal Dupraz and captained by the Danish forward Martin Braithwaite, Les Pitchouns have won 3 Ligue 2 and 1 Coupe de France. Toulouse have participated in European competition five times, including in 2008 when they qualified for the UEFA Champions League for the first time. Toulouse is presided over by the French businessman Olivier Sadran, who took over the club following its bankruptcy in 2001 which resulted in it being relegated to the Championnat National. The club has served as a springboard for players, most notably the World Cup-winning goalkeeper Fabien Barthez. Adopting red and yellow jerseys, the club started out in Ligue 2, now wearing purple and white, Les Pitchouns gained top-flight promotion in 1982. Instead, with goalkeeper Fabien Barthez having made his breakthrough and moved on and they subsequently bounced back and forth between Ligues 1 and 2 before slipping to the third flight in 2001 after financial problems. The draw was unfavourable, however, and Liverpool overpowered them 5–0 on aggregate, in the second match of the 2007–08 season, Toulouse beat the Olympique Lyonnais 1–0 at the Stadium Municipal with a goal from Johan Elmander. After the victory against Olympique Lyonnais Toulouse struggled all season to avoid relegation and their Ligue 1 place was finally secured on the last day of the season with a 2–1 home win against Valenciennes. The 2008–09 season marked unexpected success for Toulouse, the club finished fourth in the Ligue 1 table with 64 points, and secured a spot in the new Europa League. After a difficult season the year in which the club struggled to avoid relegation. The 2008–09 season also marked the emergence of striker André-Pierre Gignac, Toulouse play their home matches at the Stadium Municipal. Built in 1937, the stadium presently has a capacity of 35,472, the stadium was used as a venue for the 1998 FIFA World Cup and 2007 Rugby Union World Cup. The violet is a reference to one of two Toulouse nicknames, la Cité des violettes, the one being la Ville rose. The teams logo displays the gold and blood-red Occitan cross, the symbol of Occitania, the Derby de la Garonne is a derby match between Girondins de Bordeaux and Toulouse. The name of the derby derives from the fact that Bordeaux, the consistency and competitiveness of the rivalry developed following Toulouses return to Ligue 1 after being administratively relegated to the Championnat National in 2001. Note, Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules, players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality
Toulouse FC
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Toulouse fans celebrate qualifying for the
2007-08 UEFA Champions League
Toulouse FC
Toulouse FC
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Toulouse playing
Lille at the
Stadium Municipal
9.
Morocco national football team
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The Morocco national football team nicknamed the Lions of the Atlas, is the national team of Morocco. It is currently managed by Hervé Renard, winners of the African Nations Cup in 1976, they were the first African team to win a group at the World Cup, which they did in 1986, finishing ahead of Portugal, Poland, and England. They were also the first African team to make it to second round losing to eventual runners-up West Germany 1–0 in 1986. They also came two minutes of moving out of the group stage of the 1998 World Cup, Kjetil Rekdals late winning goal for Norway against Brazil eliminating them. After a decade-long drought, glory came back in 2012 for the Moroccan national team in when they were victorious in the 2012 Arab Nations Cup, moroccos national football team participated four times in the FIFA World Cup. Their best performance was the 1986 edition when they advanced to the second round, in 1998, the team narrowly missed repeating the same achievement. Source, FIFA The following players were called up for the matches against Burkina Faso. Caps and goals updated as of 28 March 2017 after the match against Burkina Faso, the following players have been called up for the team in the last 12 months
Morocco national football team
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Morocco
10.
1958 FIFA World Cup
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The 1958 FIFA World Cup, the sixth staging of the World Cup, was hosted by Sweden from 8 to 29 June. The tournament was won by Brazil, who beat Sweden 5–2 in the final for their first title, the tournament is also notable for marking the debut on the world stage of a then largely unknown 17-year-old Pelé. Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Sweden expressed interest in hosting the tournament, swedish delegates lobbied other countries at the FIFA Congress held in Rio de Janeiro around the opening of the 1950 World Cup finals. Sweden was awarded the 1958 tournament unopposed on 23 June 1950, the hosts and the defending champions qualified automatically. Of the remaining 14 places, nine were allocated to Europe, FIFA had imposed a rule that no team would qualify without playing at least one match, something that had happened in several previous World Cups. Wales won the play-off and qualified, on 8 February 1958, in Solna, Lennart Hyland and Sven Jerring presented the results of the draw where the qualified teams were divided into four groups. It also marked the debuts of the Soviet Union and Northern Ireland, Argentina appeared for the first time since 1934. This would be Paraguays last finals appearance until 1986, Northern Irelands last until 1982 and this FIFA World Cup finals remains the only occasion on which Italy failed to qualify. Other teams that failed to qualify included Uruguay, Spain and Belgium, two points were awarded for a win and one point for a draw. If the first two teams finished on equal points then goal average would decide who was placed first and second, as in 1954, if the second and third placed teams finished on the same points, then there would be a play-off with the winner going through. If a play-off resulted in a draw, goal average from the games would be used to determine who went through to the next round. If the goal averages were equal then lots would have been drawn and these arrangements had not been finalised by the time the tournament started and were still being debated as it progressed. This was the first time that goal average was available to teams in a World Cup. It was used to separate the teams finishing first and second in one of the groups, however all three playoffs finished with decisive results and so it was not needed to separate the teams involved in a tied playoff. Almost all the matches kicked off simultaneously in each of the three rounds of the phase, as did the quarter-finals and semi-finals. The exceptions were Swedens three group matches, all of which were televised by Sveriges Radio, these started at other times so Swedes could attend other matches without missing their own teams. Apart from these, one match per round was televised, many Swedes bought their first television for the World Cup. The official ball was the Top-Star VMbollen 1958 model made by Sydsvenska Läder & Remfabriks AB in Ängelholm and it was chosen from 102 candidates in a blind test by four FIFA officials
1958 FIFA World Cup
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1958 FIFA World Cup official logo
1958 FIFA World Cup
–
The official 1958 FIFA World Cup poster.
1958 FIFA World Cup
–
Solna (Stockholm)
1958 FIFA World Cup
11.
FIFA World Cup
–
The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. The current champion is Germany, which won its title at the 2014 tournament in Brazil. 32 teams, including the qualifying host nation, compete in the tournament phase for the title at venues within the host nation over a period of about a month. The 20 World Cup tournaments have been won by eight different national teams, Brazil have won five times, and they are the only team to have played in every tournament. The worlds first international match was a challenge match played in Glasgow in 1872 between Scotland and England, which ended in a 0–0 draw. The first international tournament, the edition of the British Home Championship. After FIFA was founded in 1904, it tried to arrange an international football tournament between nations outside the Olympic framework in Switzerland in 1906 and these were very early days for international football, and the official history of FIFA describes the competition as having been a failure. At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, football became an official competition, planned by The Football Association, Englands football governing body, the event was for amateur players only and was regarded suspiciously as a show rather than a competition. Great Britain won the gold medals and they repeated the feat in 1912 in Stockholm. With the Olympic event continuing to be contested only between teams, Sir Thomas Lipton organised the Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy tournament in Turin in 1909. The Lipton tournament was a championship between clubs from different nations, each one of which represented an entire nation. Lipton invited West Auckland, a side from County Durham. West Auckland won the tournament and returned in 1911 to successfully defend their title, in 1914, FIFA agreed to recognise the Olympic tournament as a world football championship for amateurs, and took responsibility for managing the event. This paved the way for the worlds first intercontinental football competition, at the 1920 Summer Olympics, contested by Egypt and 13 European teams, Uruguay won the next two Olympic football tournaments in 1924 and 1928. Those were also the first two world championships, as 1924 was the start of FIFAs professional era. On 28 May 1928, the FIFA Congress in Amsterdam decided to stage a championship itself. With Uruguay now two-time official football world champions and to celebrate their centenary of independence in 1930, indeed, no European country pledged to send a team until two months before the start of the competition. Rimet eventually persuaded teams from Belgium, France, Romania, in total,13 nations took part, seven from South America, four from Europe and two from North America
FIFA World Cup
–
The 2014 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony
FIFA World Cup
–
Estadio Centenario, the location of the first World Cup final in 1930 in
Montevideo,
Uruguay
12.
FIFA World Cup 1958
–
The 1958 FIFA World Cup, the sixth staging of the World Cup, was hosted by Sweden from 8 to 29 June. The tournament was won by Brazil, who beat Sweden 5–2 in the final for their first title, the tournament is also notable for marking the debut on the world stage of a then largely unknown 17-year-old Pelé. Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Sweden expressed interest in hosting the tournament, swedish delegates lobbied other countries at the FIFA Congress held in Rio de Janeiro around the opening of the 1950 World Cup finals. Sweden was awarded the 1958 tournament unopposed on 23 June 1950, the hosts and the defending champions qualified automatically. Of the remaining 14 places, nine were allocated to Europe, FIFA had imposed a rule that no team would qualify without playing at least one match, something that had happened in several previous World Cups. Wales won the play-off and qualified, on 8 February 1958, in Solna, Lennart Hyland and Sven Jerring presented the results of the draw where the qualified teams were divided into four groups. It also marked the debuts of the Soviet Union and Northern Ireland, Argentina appeared for the first time since 1934. This would be Paraguays last finals appearance until 1986, Northern Irelands last until 1982 and this FIFA World Cup finals remains the only occasion on which Italy failed to qualify. Other teams that failed to qualify included Uruguay, Spain and Belgium, two points were awarded for a win and one point for a draw. If the first two teams finished on equal points then goal average would decide who was placed first and second, as in 1954, if the second and third placed teams finished on the same points, then there would be a play-off with the winner going through. If a play-off resulted in a draw, goal average from the games would be used to determine who went through to the next round. If the goal averages were equal then lots would have been drawn and these arrangements had not been finalised by the time the tournament started and were still being debated as it progressed. This was the first time that goal average was available to teams in a World Cup. It was used to separate the teams finishing first and second in one of the groups, however all three playoffs finished with decisive results and so it was not needed to separate the teams involved in a tied playoff. Almost all the matches kicked off simultaneously in each of the three rounds of the phase, as did the quarter-finals and semi-finals. The exceptions were Swedens three group matches, all of which were televised by Sveriges Radio, these started at other times so Swedes could attend other matches without missing their own teams. Apart from these, one match per round was televised, many Swedes bought their first television for the World Cup. The official ball was the Top-Star VMbollen 1958 model made by Sydsvenska Läder & Remfabriks AB in Ängelholm and it was chosen from 102 candidates in a blind test by four FIFA officials
FIFA World Cup 1958
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1958 FIFA World Cup official logo
FIFA World Cup 1958
–
The official 1958 FIFA World Cup poster.
FIFA World Cup 1958
–
Solna (Stockholm)
FIFA World Cup 1958
13.
FIFA 100
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The FIFA100 is a list of the world-renowned Brazilian striker Pelés choice of the greatest living footballers. The list contains 123 professional male and 2 female players, at the time the FIFA100 was selected,50 of the players were still active, with the remaining 75 retired from the game. Some football observers have questioned the methodology of the list. David Mellor, politician turned football pundit, wrote in his column in the Evening Standard that he felt the selections were politically motivated rather than made on purely footballing grounds and he suggested that the selections looked as if they came from the pen of Sepp Blatter rather than Pelé. As evidence for this, Mellor noted the geographical spread of the selected players. Such assertions were also forwarded by BBC columnist Tim Vickery, one of Pelés old team-mates, the former Brazil midfielder Gérson, reacted to his omission from the FIFA100 by tearing up a copy of the list on a Brazilian television programme. Marco van Basten and Uwe Seeler refused to part in the project on a point of principle. Following is the list of the FIFA100 greatest living footballers as nominated by Pelé, Players active at the time of announcement are marked by. Players who are active are in italics. World Soccers Greatest Players of the 20th Century World Team of the 20th Century The FIFA100
FIFA 100
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Pelé in 2008
14.
FIFA
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The Fédération Internationale de Football Association is the international governing body of association football, futsal, and beach soccer. FIFA is responsible for the organisation of major international tournaments, notably the World Cup which commenced in 1930. FIFA was founded in 1904 to oversee international competition among the associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden. Headquartered in Zürich, its membership now comprises 211 national associations, although FIFA does not control the rules of football, it is responsible for both the organization of a number of tournaments and their promotion, which generate revenue from sponsorship. In 2013, FIFA had revenues of over 1.3 billion U. S. dollars, for a net profit of 72 million and those among these officials who were also indicted in the U. S. are expected to be extradited to face charges there as well. Many officials were suspended by FIFAs ethics committee including Sepp Blatter, in early 2017 reports became public about FIFA president Gianni Infantino attempting to prevent the re-elections of both chairmen of the ethics committee during the FIFA congress in May 2017. The need for a body to oversee association football became apparent at the beginning of the 20th century with the increasing popularity of international fixtures. The French name and acronym are used even outside French-speaking countries, the founding members were the national associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Also, that day, the German Association declared its intention of affiliating through a telegram. The first president of FIFA was Robert Guérin, Guérin was replaced in 1906 by Daniel Burley Woolfall from England, by then a member of the association. Membership of FIFA expanded beyond Europe with the application of South Africa in 1909, Argentina in 1912, Canada and Chile in 1913, and the United States in 1914. During World War I, with players sent off to war and the possibility of travel for international fixtures severely limited. Post-war, following the death of Woolfall, the organisation was run by Dutchman Carl Hirschmann and it was saved from extinction, but at the cost of the withdrawal of the Home Nations, who cited an unwillingness to participate in international competitions with their recent World War enemies. The Home Nations later resumed their membership, the FIFA collection is held by the National Football Museum at Urbis in Manchester, England. The first World Cup in the world was in 1930 in Montevideo, FIFA is headquartered in Zürich, and is an association established under the Law of Switzerland. FIFAs supreme body is the FIFA Congress, a made up of representatives from each affiliated member association. Each national football association has one vote, regardless of its size or footballing strength, the Congress assembles in ordinary session once every year, and extraordinary sessions have been held once a year since 1998. The congress makes decisions relating to FIFAs governing statutes and their method of implementation and application, only the Congress can pass changes to FIFAs statutes
FIFA
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FIFA headquarters
FIFA
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Map of the members of FIFA according to their confederation
15.
French people
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The French are an ethnic group and nation who are identified with the country of France. This connection may be legal, historical, or cultural, modern French society can be considered a melting pot. To be French, according to the first article of the French Constitution, is to be a citizen of France, regardless of origin, race. The debate concerning the integration of this view with the underlying the European Community remains open. A large number of foreigners have traditionally been permitted to live in France, indeed, the country has long valued its openness, tolerance and the quality of services available. Application for French citizenship is often interpreted as a renunciation of previous state allegiance unless a dual citizenship agreement exists between the two countries, the European treaties have formally permitted movement and European citizens enjoy formal rights to employment in the state sector. Seeing itself as a nation with universal values, France has always valued. However, the success of such assimilation has recently called into question. There is increasing dissatisfaction with, and within, growing ethno-cultural enclaves, the 2005 French riots in some troubled and impoverished suburbs were an example of such tensions. However they should not be interpreted as ethnic conflicts but as social conflicts born out of socioeconomic problems endangering proper integration, the name France etymologically derives from the word Francia, the territory of the Franks. The Franks were a Germanic tribe that overran Roman Gaul at the end of the Roman Empire, in the pre-Roman era, all of Gaul was inhabited by a variety of peoples who were known collectively as the Gaulish tribes. Gaul was militarily conquered in 58-51 BCE by the Roman legions under the command of General Julius Caesar, the area then became part of the Roman Empire. Over the next five centuries the two cultures intermingled, creating a hybridized Gallo-Roman culture, the Gaulish vernacular language disappeared step by step to be replaced everywhere by Vulgar Latin, which would later develop under Frankish influence into the French language in the North of France. With the decline of the Roman Empire in Western Europe, a federation of Germanic peoples entered the picture, the Franks were Germanic pagans who began to settle in northern Gaul as laeti, already during the Roman era. They continued to filter across the Rhine River from present-day Netherlands, at the beginning, they served in the Roman army and reached high commands. Their language is spoken as a kind of Dutch in northern France. Another Germanic people immigrated massively to Alsace, the Alamans, which explains the Alemannic German spoken there and they were competitors of the Franks, thats why it became at the Renaissance time the word for German in French, Allemand. By the early 6th century the Franks, led by the Merovingian king Clovis I and his sons, had consolidated their hold on much of modern-day France, the Vikings eventually intermarried with the local people, converting to Christianity in the process
French people
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Louis XIV of France "The Sun-King"
French people
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Row 1:
Joan of Arc
French people
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Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix
French people
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French people in Paris, August 1944
16.
Spanish people
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Within Spain there are a number of nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the countrys complex history and diverse culture. There are several commonly spoken languages, most notably Basque. There are many populations outside Spain with ancestors who emigrated from Spain, the Roman Republic conquered Iberia during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. As a result of Roman colonization, the majority of languages, with the exception of Basque. The Germanic Vandals and Suebi, with part of the Iranian Alans under King Respendial conquered the peninsula in 409 AD. The Iberian Peninsula was conquered and brought under the rule of the Arab Umayyads in 711 and by the Berber North African dynasties the Almohads, in the early 16th century the Kingdom of Navarre was also conquered. In parallel, a wave of emigration began to the Americas began with over 16 million people emigrating to the Americas during the colonial period. In the post-colonial period, a further 3.5 million Spanish left for the Americas, particularly Argentina, Uruguay, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, as a result, Spanish-descendants in Latin America number in the hundreds of millions. Spain is home to one of the largest communities of Romani people, the Spanish Roma, which belong to the Iberian Kale subgroup, are a formerly-nomadic community, which spread across Western Asia, North Africa, and Europe, first reaching Spain in the 15th century. The population of Spain is became increasingly diverse due to recent immigration, the earliest modern humans inhabiting Spain are believed to have been Neolithic peoples who may have arrived in the Iberian Peninsula as early as 35, 000–40,000 years ago. In more recent times the Iberians are believed to have arrived or developed in the region between the 4th millennium BC and the 3rd millennium BC, initially settling along the Mediterranean coast, celts settled in Spain during the Iron Age. Some of those tribes in North-central Spain, which had contact with the Iberians, are called Celtiberians. In addition, a known as the Tartessians and later Turdetanians inhabited southwestern Spain. The seafaring Phoenicians, Greeks, and Carthaginians successively founded trading colonies along the Mediterranean coast over a period of several centuries, the Second Punic War between the Carthaginians and Romans was fought mainly in what is now Spain and Portugal. The Roman Republic conquered Iberia during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC transformed most of the region into a series of Latin-speaking provinces, hispania emerged as an important part of the Roman Empire and produced notable historical figures such as Trajan, Hadrian, Seneca and Quintilian. The Germanic Vandals and Suebi, with part of the Iranian Alans under King Respendial, the Suebi became the first Germanic kingdom to convert officially to Roman Catholicism in 447 AD. under king Rechiar. After two centuries of domination by the Visigothic Kingdom, the Iberian Peninsula was invaded by a Muslim force under Tariq Bin Ziyad in 711 and this army consisted mainly ethnic Berbers from the Ghomara tribe, which were reinforced by Arabs from Syria once the conquest was complete. Muslim Iberia became part of the Umayyad Caliphate and would be known as Al-Andalus, the Berbers of Al Andalus revolted as early as 740 AD, halting Arab expansion across the Pyrenees into France
Spanish people
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Lady of Elche, a piece of
Iberian sculpture from the 4th century BC
Spanish people
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1st row:
Isabella I of Castile
Spanish people
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A young
Hispano-Roman nobleman from the 1st century BC
Spanish people
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People of
Granada
17.
Casablanca
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Casablanca is the largest city in Morocco, located in the central-western part of the country bordering the Atlantic Ocean. It is the largest city in the Maghreb, as well as one of the largest and most important cities in Africa, Casablanca is Moroccos chief port and one of the largest financial centers on the continent. The 2012 census recorded a population of about 4 million in the prefecture of Casablanca, Casablanca is considered the economic and business center of Morocco, although the national political capital is Rabat. The leading Moroccan companies and international corporations doing Moroccan business have their headquarters, recent industrial statistics show Casablanca retains its historical position as the main industrial zone of the country. The Port of Casablanca is one of the largest artificial ports in the world, Casablanca also hosts the primary naval base for the Royal Moroccan Navy. The original name of the city was Anfa, in Berber language, after the Portuguese took control of Anfa in the 15th century AD, they rebuilt it, changing the name to Casa Branca. It derives from the Portuguese word combination meaning White House, the present name, which is the Spanish version, came when the Portuguese kingdom was integrated in personal union to the Spanish kingdom. During the French protectorate in Morocco, the name remained Casablanca, in the 18th century, an earthquake destroyed most of the town. It was rebuilt by the Sultan who changed the name into the local Arabic which is Ad-dar Al Baidaa, the city is still nicknamed Casa by many locals and outsiders to the city. In many other cities with a different dialect, it is called Ad-dar Al-Bida, a famous boulevard inside Casablanca City is called Anfa Boulevard. Anfa is generally considered the old original city of Casablanca. The area which is today Casablanca was founded and settled by Berbers by at least the seventh century BC and it was used as a port by the Phoenicians and later the Romans. In his book Description of Africa, Leo Africanus refers to ancient Casablanca as Anfa and he believed Anfa was the most prosperous city on the Atlantic Coast because of its fertile land. Barghawata rose as an independent state around this time, and continued until it was conquered by the Almoravids in 1068. Following the defeat of the Barghawata in the 12th century, Arab tribes of Hilal and Sulaym descent settled in the region, mixing with the local Berbers, during the 14th century, under the Merinids, Anfa rose in importance as a port. The last of the Merinids were ousted by a revolt in 1465. The Portuguese used the ruins of Anfa to build a fortress in 1515. The town that grew up around it was called Casa Branca, as Portugal broke ties with Spain in 1640, Casablanca came under fully Portuguese control once again
Casablanca
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Casablanca in 1572, still called Anfa on this painting, by the time the Portuguese renamed it "Casa Branca" which would eventually became Casablanca
Casablanca
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Casablanca الدار البيضاء (Arabic) Anfa / ⴰⵏⴼⴰ (Berber)
Casablanca
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Casablanca in 1930
Casablanca
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Architecture of Casablanca, influenced by French styles
18.
Stade de Reims
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Stade de Reims is a French association football club based in Reims. The club was formed in 1910 under the name Société Sportive du Parc Pommery and currently play in Ligue 2, Reims plays its home matches at the Stade Auguste Delaune, a renovation of the old complex located within the city. The team is managed by Olivier Guégan and captained by defender Mickaël Tacalfred, Reims is one of the most successful clubs in French football history having won six Ligue 1 titles, two Coupe de France trophies, and five Trophée des champions titles. However, since the 1980s, Reims have struggled to get back to their zenith, the club hovered between Ligue 2 and the Championnat National for over thirty years after their relegation from the top flight in the 1978–79 season. In 2012 they were promoted back to Ligue 1, eventually being relegated again in 2016, the club adopted its current name on 18 June 1931. The club reached Division 1 for the first time in the 1945–46 season, during the same year, the club promoted defender Robert Jonquet to the senior team and signed Roger Marche from Olympique de Charleville. Together, the two went on to become, arguably, the clubs most famous players in its history, Reims won its first Division 1 championship in 1949. The following season, the won the Coupe de France defeating Racing Paris 2–1 in the final. After the season, manager Henri Roessler departed the club and longtime player Batteux took the reins, the teams subsequent rise in the sport led to the signings of Raymond Kopa and Raoul Giraudo. In 1953, Reims won its league title winning the league by four points. That same year, the won the Latin Cup becoming the first French football club to attained the honour. The victory was cited as a coup for France after the country finished three years as runners-up in the competition. After the 1954 season, Marche left to play for the Racing team in Paris, in 1955, Reims won its third title in six seasons. The championship led to the qualification for the newly created European Cup. In the inaugural edition of the European Cup, Reims reached the final where the team was defeated 4–3 by Spanish club Real Madrid, Reims controlled the match from the outset scoring two goals in the first ten minutes. However, two first half goals by Alfredo Di Stéfano and Héctor Rial for Madrid cancelled out Reims early attacks, in the second half, Reims took the lead through Michel Hidalgo, but within minutes, the match was re-drawn courtesy of a goal from Marquitos. Rials game-winner in the 79th minute ended Reims hopes of winning the first edition of the European Cup, after early struggles, the additions paid off with the club winning its third title of the decade in the 1957–58 season. The team also won the Coupe de France after beating Nîmes Olympique 3–1 in the final, in the 1958–59 edition of the European Cup, Reims returned to the final to face, for the second time, Real Madrid
Stade de Reims
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Stade Reims
19.
Raymond Kopa
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Raymond Kopa was a French footballer, integral to the French national team of the 1950s. At club level he was part of the legendary Real Madrid team of the 1950s, often considered one of the leading players of his generation, Kopa was a free-role advanced playmaker who was quick, agile and known for his love of dribbling. He was also a playmaker, as well as a prolific scorer. In 1958, Kopa was awarded the Ballon dOr, in 1970 he became the first football player to receive the Légion dhonneur, and in 2004, Pelé named him one of the 125 Greatest Living Footballers at a FIFA Awards Ceremony. Kopa was born to a family of Polish immigrants and his grandparents were originally from Krakow and migrated to Germany, where his parents were born. They then migrated to France after the First World War and his surname was shortened to Kopa whilst he was at school. At the age of 14 he followed in the footsteps of his grandfather, father and brother by working in the mines of Nœux-les-Mines. During this time Kopa lost a finger in a mining accident, Kopa married Christiane, the sister of a team-mate of his at Angers. After retiring from the game he launched his own sportswear brand, Kopa died in March 2017, aged 85. Kopa had first attracted attention in Spain when he played for France against Spain in a match in Madrid in March 1955, Kopa was transferred to Real Madrid for the 1956/57 season, where he was soon joined by Ferenc Puskás. Playing with the Spanish giants, Kopa won the Spanish league in 1957 and 1958, Kopa was also the first French player to win the European Cup when Madrid defeated Fiorentina 2–0 in the 1957 final. He would go on to be European champion again in 1958 and 1959, the last against former side Stade de Reims, in the 1959–60 season, Kopa returned to France to finish his career with Reims, where he won further Championnats in 1960 and 1962. In total, he scored 75 goals in 346 matches in Frances top flight, with the France national football team, Kopa scored 18 goals in 45 games between 1952 and 1962. The French team finished third in the tournament
Raymond Kopa
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Raymond Kopa in 1963
Raymond Kopa
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Raymond Kopa in 2005
20.
Real Madrid
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Real Madrid Club de Fútbol, commonly known as Real Madrid, or simply as Real outside Spain frontiers, is a professional football club based in Madrid, Spain. Founded in 1902 as Madrid Football Club, the team has worn a white home kit since inception. The word Real is Spanish for Royal and was bestowed to the club by King Alfonso XIII in 1920 together with the crown in the emblem. The team has played its matches in the 85, 454-capacity Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in downtown Madrid since 1947. Unlike most European sporting entities, Real Madrids members have owned and operated the club throughout its history. The club was estimated to be worth €3.24 billion in 2015, the club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world. Real Madrid is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never relegated from the top division, along with Athletic Bilbao. The club holds many long-standing rivalries, most notably El Clásico with Barcelona, Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s, winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times. This success was replicated in the league, where the club won five times in the space of seven years. In domestic football, the club has won a record 32 La Liga titles,19 Copa del Rey, nine Supercopa de España, a Copa Eva Duarte, and a Copa de la Liga. Real Madrid was recognised as the FIFA Club of the 20th Century on 23 December 2000, the club received the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit in 2004. The club is ranked first in the latest IFFHS Club World Ranking, setting a new ranking-points record, the club also leads the current UEFA club rankings. They founded Football Club Sky in 1897, playing on Sunday mornings at Moncloa and it split into two clubs in 1900, New Foot-Ball de Madrid and Madrid Football Club. On 6 March 1902, after a new Board presided by Juan Padrós had been elected, three years after its foundation, in 1905, Madrid FC won its first title after defeating Athletic Bilbao in the Spanish Cup final. The club became one of the sides of the Royal Spanish Football Federation on 4 January 1909. After moving between grounds the team moved to the Campo de ODonnell in 1912, in 1920, the clubs name was changed to Real Madrid after King Alfonso XIII granted the title of Real to the club. In 1929, the first Spanish football league was founded, Real Madrid led the first league season until the last match, a loss to Athletic Bilbao, meant they finished runners-up to Barcelona. Real Madrid won its first League title in the 1931–32 season, Real won the League again the following year, becoming the first team to have won the championship twice
Real Madrid
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Julián Palacios, the first president of the club in 1900–1902
Real Madrid
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Real Madrid
Real Madrid
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Real Madrid team in 1905
Real Madrid
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King
Alfonso XIII allowed the club to use the title of Real (royal)
21.
Ligue 1
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Ligue 1, is a French professional league for mens association football clubs. At the top of the French football league system, it is the primary football competition. Administrated by the Ligue de Football Professionnel, Ligue 1 is contested by 20 clubs, seasons run from August to May. Teams play 38 matches each, totaling 380 matches in the season, most games are played on Saturdays and Sundays, with a few games played during weekday evenings. Play is regularly suspended the last weekend before Christmas for two weeks before returning in the week of January. The name lasted until 2002 before switching to its current name, AS Saint-Étienne is the most successful club with ten league titles in France while Olympique Lyon is the club that has won the most consecutive titles. With the presence of 67 seasons in Ligue 1, Olympique de Marseille hold the record for most seasons among the elite, the current champions are Paris Saint-Germain, who won their sixth title in the 2015–16 season. Prior to 1930, professionalism in French football was non-existent, in July 1930, the National Council of the French Football Federation voted 128–20 in support of professionalism in French football. The founding fathers of professionalism in French football are Georges Bayrou, Emmanuel Gambardella, professionalism was officially implemented in 1932. In order to create a professional football league in the country. In order to participate in the competition, clubs were subjected to three important criteria, The incoming club must have had positive results in the past, the incoming club must be able to pull in enough revenue to balance its finances. The incoming club must be able to recruit at least eight professional players. Jooris feared his league would fold and proposed it become the division of the new league. The leagues inaugural season of the league, called National, was held in 1932–1933. The 20 clubs were inserted into two groups of 10 with the three of each group suffering relegation to Division 2. The two winners of each group would face each other in a final held at a neutral venue. The first final was held on 14 May 1933 and it matched the winner of Group A, Olympique Lillois, against the runner-up of Group B, Cannes. Antibes, the winner of Group B, was supposed to take part in the final but was suspected of bribery by the French Football Federation and was forced into disqualification, in the first final, Lillois were crowned the inaugural champions following the clubs 4–3 victory
Ligue 1
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Ligue 1
22.
Hat-trick
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A hat-trick or hat trick in sports is the achievement of a positive feat three times in a game, or another achievement based on the number three in some sports. In association and rugby football, the scoring of two goals or tries by one individual in a match is referred to as a brace. The term first appeared in 1858 in cricket, to describe H. H. Stephensons taking three wickets with three consecutive deliveries, fans held a collection for Stephenson, and presented him with a hat bought with the proceeds. The term was used in print for the first time in 1865, the term was eventually adopted by many other sports including hockey, association football, water polo and team handball. A hat-trick occurs in association football when a player scores three goals in a game, whereas scoring two goals constitutes a brace. In common with other official record-keeping rules, goals in a penalty shootout are excluded from the tally, the extra time in a knockout cup match may also be calculated towards a players potential hat-trick. The fastest recorded time to score a hat-trick is 70 seconds, the previous Guinness world record of 90 seconds was held by Tommy Ross playing for Ross County against Nairn County on 28 November 1964. The first hat-trick in a game was by Scottish player John McDougall. American player Bert Patenaude scored the first hat-trick in the FIFA World Cup, two hat-tricks have been scored in a final, by Geoff Hurst for England in the 1966 final during extra time against West Germany, and Carli Lloyd against Japan in the 2015 Womens World Cup final. Football has also extended the term to include the phrase perfect hat-trick, achieved when a player scores one right-footed goal, one left-footed goal and one headed goal within one match. In Germany, the term Hattrick refers to when a player scores three goals in a row in one half without the break or a goal scored by another player interfering the performance. In recent years, hat trick has been often used to describe when a player hits three home runs in a game. This new usage appears be the transposition of the term, by Canadian baseball fans, from ice hockey. For example, on 29 August 2015, Toronto Blue Jays fans celebrated Edwin Encarnacións third home run of the game by throwing hats onto the field, a hat-trick occurs in cricket when a bowler dismisses three batsmen with consecutive deliveries. Only wickets attributed to the count towards a hat-trick, run outs do not count. Hat-tricks are rare, and as such are treasured by bowlers, in Test cricket history there have been just 42 hat-tricks, the first achieved by Fred Spofforth for Australia against England in 1879. In 1912, Australian Jimmy Matthews achieved the feat twice in one game against South Africa, lasith Malinga achieved a hat-trick while playing for Sri Lanka against Australia on 22 August 2011 in the last match of the five-ODI series in Colombo. He is the bowler to take three hat-tricks in any form of international cricket
Hat-trick
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Hats on the
Verizon Center ice after
Alexander Ovechkin 's hat trick, 7 February 2010.
23.
Luxembourg national football team
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The Luxembourg national football team is the national football team of Luxembourg, and is controlled by the Luxembourg Football Federation. The team plays most of its matches at the Stade Josy Barthel in Luxembourg City. Luxembourg has participated in FIFA World Cup qualifiers since those for the 1934 World Cup, as of 2016, they never qualified for any of these major tournaments. The national side of Luxembourg did compete in six Olympic football events between 1920 and 1952, Luxembourg played their first ever international match on 29 October 1911, in a friendly match against France, it resulted in a 1–4 defeat. Their first victory came on 8 February 1914, also in a match against France, the national side of Luxembourg competed in six Olympic football events between 1920 and 1952, and survived the preliminary round twice. In between, Luxembourg started participating at qualifiers for the FIFA World Cup, but as of 2014 they still never qualified. After their last Olympic tournament in 1952, the team also started playing in qualifying groups for UEFA European Championships. The only time that the team was close to qualify was for a European or World Championship was for the Euro 1964, in the first qualification round they defeated the Netherlands with a score of 3–2 on aggregate after two matches. A Dutch newspaper commented this stunt after the match with David Luxembourg won with 2–1. In the round of eight, Luxembourg and Denmark fought for a spot in the final tournament, the winner was decided after three matches, Denmark was the winner with a total score of 6–5. When the national team win a competitive match, they are often celebrated by national media and fans. In modern times, the team played games in entirely red strips, in accordance with their nickname. The Luxembourg national team plays its home matches at the Stade Josy Barthel in Luxembourg City. At this location, the team played 235 games by August 2015. It is also used for rugby union and athletics, originally called Stade Municipal after its construction in 1928–1931, it was entirely rebuilt in 1990. Since July 1993, it has carried the name of Josy Barthel, the stadium is also home to the biggest athletics club in the country, CAL Spora Luxembourg. The spectator capacity is 8,000, some seats are under cover, the following players have also been called up to the Luxembourg squad during last 12 months. At the Summer Olympics,1920 ·1924 ·1928 ·1936 ·1948 ·1952 As of 28 March 2017, *Two of these seven matches, played against the Indonesian clubs Pardedetex and NIAC Mitra are not regarded as full internationals by the Luxembourg Football Federation
Luxembourg national football team
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The Luxembourg national football team in 1920
Luxembourg national football team
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Luxembourg
Luxembourg national football team
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Stade Josy Barthel
Luxembourg national football team
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Current Luxembourg manager Luc Holtz
24.
Germany national football team
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The Germany national football team is the mens football team that has represented Germany in international competition since 1908. It is governed by the German Football Association, founded in 1900, ever since the DFB was reinaugurated in 1949 the team has represented the Federal Republic of Germany. Both have been absorbed along with their records by the current national team, the official name and code Germany FR was shortened to Germany following the reunification in 1990. Germany is one of the most successful teams in international competitions, having won a total of four World Cups. They have also been three times in the European Championships, four times in the World Cup, and a further four third-place finishes at World Cups. East Germany won Olympic Gold in 1976, Germany is the only nation to have won both the mens and womens World Cups. At the end of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Germany earned the highest Elo rating of any football team in history. Germany is also the only European nation that has won a FIFA World Cup in the Americas, the current manager of the national team is Joachim Löw. Germanys first championship title was won in Switzerland. At that time the players were selected by the DFB, as there was no dedicated coach, the first manager of the Germany national team was Otto Nerz, a school teacher from Mannheim, who served in the role from 1926 to 1936. After a poor showing at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, in 1937 he put together a squad which was soon nicknamed the Breslau Elf in recognition of their 8–0 win over Denmark in the then German city of Breslau, Lower Silesia. In the 1938 World Cup that began on 4 June, this united German team managed only a 1–1 draw against Switzerland and that early exit stands as Germanys worst World Cup result. During World War II, the team played over 30 international games between September 1939 and November 1942, when national team games were suspended, as most players had to join the armed forces. After the Second World War, Germany was banned from competition in most sports until 1950, the DFB was not a full member of FIFA, and none of the three new German states — West Germany, East Germany, and Saarland — entered the 1950 World Cup qualifiers. The Federal Republic of Germany, which was referred to as West Germany, with recognition by FIFA and UEFA, the DFB maintained and continued the record of the pre-war team. Switzerland was once again the first team that played West Germany in 1950, West Germany qualified for the 1954 World Cup. The Saarland, under French control between 1947 and 1956, did not join French organisations, and was barred from participating in pan-German ones and it sent their own team to the 1952 Summer Olympics and to the 1954 World Cup qualifiers. In 1957, Saarland acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany, in 1949, the communist German Democratic Republic was founded
Germany national football team
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Helmut Rahn scored the winning goal in the 1954 FIFA World Cup final.
Germany national football team
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Germany
Germany national football team
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1974 FIFA World Cup Final on 7 July 1974, in
Munich (
Olympiastadion).
Germany national football team
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Gerd Müller in 2006
25.
FIFA World Cup awards
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At the end of each FIFA World Cup final tournament, several awards are attributed to the players and teams which have distinguished from the rest, in different aspects of the game. Two other awards were given between 1994 and 2006, the Most Entertaining Team award for the team that has entertained the public the most, during the World Cup final tournament, as determined by a poll of the general public. An All-Star Team comprising the best players of the tournament chosen by the study group. Those who finish as runners-up in the vote receive the Silver Ball and Bronze Ball awards as the second, FC Barcelona is the club with the most players that have won the Golden Ball award. The Golden Boot or Golden Shoe Award goes to the top goalscorer of the FIFA World Cup, while every World Cup had a ranking of the goalscorers, the first time an award was given was in 1982, under the name Golden Shoe. It was rechristened Golden Boot in 2010, FIFA sometimes lists the top goalscorers of previous Cups among the Golden Boot winners. If there is more than one player, the tie-breaker since 2006 goes to the player who has played the least amount of time. 1 FIFA initially credited Nejedlý with only four goals, which would make him joint top scorer with Angelo Schiavio of Italy, however, FIFA changed it to five goals in November 2006, making Nejedlý the outright top scorer. 2 FIFA initially credited Leônidas with eight goals,3 There was controversy regarding the number of goals Brazilian Ademir had scored in 1950, as a result of incomplete data concerning the Final Round game Brazil vs. Spain. The 5–0 goal had been credited to Jair, but is now credited to Ademir 4 Salenko is the player to win the award playing for a team that were eliminated in the group stages. His six goals are the international goals he ever scored. 5 Despite the assist tiebreaker, Salenko and Stoichkov remained tied with 6 goals and one assist each,6 Romário and Andersson surpassed the other two players with five goals by having three assists each. 7 Both runners-up had the number of assists, and each received the Silver Shoe. 8 During the tournament, after the group match against Costa Rica, Ronaldo logged a protest against the crediting of a goal as an own goal. 9 Eight players had scored three goals, Ronaldo, Crespo and Zinedine Zidane stood out for having one assist, and then the two recipients were determined by less playtime. 10 Müller, Villa, Sneijder and Diego Forlán tied with five goals, Müller won by virtue of having more assists than the rest. Villa won the Silver Boot due to playing fewer minutes than Sneijder,11 Neymar, Lionel Messi and Robin van Persie all had four goals in the tournament. Neymar received the Bronze Boot for playing fewer minutes than his competitors, the Golden Glove Award is awarded to the best goalkeeper of the tournament
FIFA World Cup awards
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Peru's FIFA Fair Play trophy award. Peru won the award after receiving no yellow or red cards in the tournament.
26.
Miroslav Klose
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Miroslav Josef Klose is a German retired professional footballer who last played as a striker for Italian club Lazio and the German national team. He is currently a member of the German national sides coaching staff, Klose is best known for his performances with the German national team. He was part of the German squad that won the 2014 FIFA World Cup, having finished second and third in the competition. He also scored four times in the 2010 World Cup and twice at the 2014 World Cup, Klose is also the top scorer of all time for Germany, who have never lost a game in which Klose scored. He retired from Germanys national team on 11 August 2014 shortly after Germanys victory at the 2014 World Cup, at club level, Klose has been a less prolific but usually reliable goalscorer. Starting his career at FC08 Homburg, he played in the Bundesliga for Kaiserslautern, Werder Bremen and Bayern Munich and he won two league titles with Bayern, along with cup competitions at Bayern, Werder Bremen and Lazio. Klose was born in the Silesian city of Opole, Poland, both of his parents were professional athletes. His father, Josef Klose, was a footballer who played for Odra Opole. His mother, Barbara Jeż, was a member of the Poland womens national handball team, in 1986, then eight-year-old Miroslav joined his father in Kusel, Rhineland-Palatinate, knowing only two words of German. Klose developed his skill and passion in football from the club, SG Blaubach-Diedelkopf. He was also trained as an apprentice to become a carpenter, Klose and his wife Sylwia have twin sons, Luan and Noah. In a 2007 interview with Der Spiegel, he stated that he and his wife speak Polish to their children at home, Klose has not held Polish citizenship since the age of eighteen, as he then opted for a German passport. In 1998, his career in the game began when he was 20 with a switch to the reserves at former Bundesliga outfit FC Homburg. Twelve months later, he moved to FC Kaiserslautern and he played for the second team, and made his first appearance in Bundesliga in April 2000. He scored 16 goals in 2001–02 season and was shy of two goals to become the top scorer. In March 2004, Klose signed a contract with German Bundesliga club Werder Bremen for a fee of €5 million. He made his debut on 6 August 2004, as a substitute for Paraguayan striker Nelson Valdez in a 1–0 home win against Schalke 04. On 29 August 2004, Klose scored his first goal, an equaliser, on 26 June 2007, FC Bayern Munichs club president Karl-Heinz Rummenigge confirmed that his team had reached an agreement with Werder Bremen regarding the transfer of Klose to the Munich team
Miroslav Klose
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Klose playing for
Germany in 2012
Miroslav Klose
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Miroslav Klose at Werder Bremen
Miroslav Klose
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Luca Toni and Klose (18), Olympiastadion,
Hertha BSC vs. Bayern Munich, 2009
Miroslav Klose
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Klose during the 2006 FIFA World Cup
27.
Badou Zaki
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Ezzaki Badou, nicknamed Zaki as a player, is a Moroccan retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper, and the current manager of Algerian club CR Belouizdad. Born in Sidi Kacem, Zaki represented Association Salé, Wydad Casablanca, RCD Mallorca and Fath Union Sport during a 17-year professional career. With the Spaniards, for which he signed in 1986 after being named by France Football as African Footballer of the Year, Zaki appeared for the Moroccan national team in the 1986 FIFA World Cup and four Africa Cup of Nations. In the former tournament, held in Mexico, he helped his country to the round-of-16, additionally, in 2006, Zaki was selected by the Confederation of African Football as one of the best 200 African footballers of the last 50 years. Zaki retired in 1993 at the age of 34, immediately becoming a manager. In 2002, after coaching a host of clubs, including former sides FUS and WAC, he was appointed at the helm of Morocco and he left by mutual consent in February 2016. com Ezzaki Badou – FIFA competition record
Badou Zaki
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Zaki in 2009
28.
1982 World Cup
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The 1982 FIFA World Cup, the 12th FIFA World Cup, was held in Spain from 13 June to 11 July 1982. The tournament was won by Italy, after defeating West Germany 3–1 in the final in the Spanish capital of Madrid and it was Italys third World Cup win and first since 1938. The holders Argentina were eliminated in the group round. Algeria, Cameroon, Honduras, Kuwait and New Zealand made their first appearances in the finals, in the first round of Group 3, Hungary defeated El Salvador 10–1, equalling the largest margin of victory ever recorded in the finals. Spain was chosen as the host nation by FIFA in London, hosting rights for the 1974 and 1978 tournaments were awarded at the same time. West Germany agreed a deal with Spain by which Spain would support West Germany for the 1974 tournament, for the first time, the World Cup finals expanded from 16 to 24 teams. This allowed more teams to participate, especially from Africa and Asia, teams absent from the finals were 1974 and 1978 runners-up Netherlands, Mexico, and the three times 1970s participants Sweden. Northern Ireland qualified for the first time since 1958, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, El Salvador, England, and the Soviet Union were back in the Finals after a 12-year absence. Yugoslavia were also back after having missed the 1978 tournament, Algeria, Cameroon, Honduras, Kuwait, and New Zealand all participated in the World Cup for the first time. As of 2014, this was the last time that El Salvador, Kuwait, there was some consideration given as to whether England, Northern Ireland and Scotland should withdraw from the tournament due to the Falklands War between Argentina and the United Kingdom. A directive issued by the British sports minister Neil Macfarlane in April, at the start of the conflict and this directive was not rescinded until August, following the end of hostilities. Macfarlane reported to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher that some players and officials were uneasy about participating due to the casualties being suffered by British forces, FIFA advised the British Government that there was no prospect of Argentina being asked to withdraw. It also became apparent that no other countries would withdraw from the tournament, the 1982 competition used a unique format. The first round was a group stage containing six groups of four teams each. Two points were awarded for a win and one for a draw, the top two teams in each group advanced. In the second round, the remaining teams were split into four groups of three teams each, with the winner of each group progressing to the knockout semi-final stage. The composition of the groups in the round was predetermined before the start of the tournament. In the aggregate, Groups A and B were to one team from each of Groups 1 through 6
1982 World Cup
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1982 FIFA World Cup statue in Riazor Stadium,
La Coruña.
1982 World Cup
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1982 FIFA World Cup official logo
1982 World Cup
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Official ball of Spain '82 signed by the winning team of Italy
1982 World Cup
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Madrid
29.
Cameroon national football team
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The Cameroon national football team, nicknamed in French Les Lions Indomptables, is the national team of Cameroon. It is controlled by the Fédération Camerounaise de Football and has qualified seven times for the FIFA World Cup, however, the team has only made it once out of the group stage. They were the first African team to reach the quarter-final of the World Cup, in 1990 and they have also won five Africa Cup of Nations titles. Cameroon played its first match against Belgian Congo in 1956, losing 3–2 and they first qualified for the Africa Cup of Nations in 1970, but were knocked out in the first round. Two years later, as host nation, the Indomitable Lions finished third after being knocked out by their neighbours and they would not qualify for the competition for another ten years. Cameroon qualified for its first FIFA World Cup in 1982, with the increase of 16 to 24 teams Cameroon qualified along with Algeria to represent Africa in Spain. Cameroon was drawn into Group 1 with eventual winners Italy, Poland, in their first game, Cameroon faced Peru and drew 0–0. They then had a goalless draw with Poland before a surprise 1–1 draw with Italy. Despite being unbeaten they failed to qualify for the second round, two years later, Cameroon qualified for the 1984 Africa Cup of Nations, held in the Ivory Coast. They finished second in their group before beating Algeria on penalties in the semi-final. In the final, Cameroon beat Nigeria 3–1 with goals from René NDjeya, Théophile Abega, Cameroon qualified for the 1990 World Cup by surpassing Nigeria and beating Tunisia in the final round playoff. In the final tournament, Cameroon were drawn into Group B with Argentina, Romania, Cameroon defeated defending champions Argentina in the opening game 1–0 with a goal scored by François Omam-Biyik. Cameroon later defeated Romania 2–1 and lost to the Soviet Union 0–4, in the second round, Cameroon defeated Colombia 2–1 with the 38-year-old Roger Milla scoring two goals in the extra time. In the quarter-finals, Cameroon faced England, England, however, equalized in the 83rd minute with a penalty from Gary Lineker, while Lineker again found the net via a 105th-minute penalty to make the eventual scoreline 3–2 for England. The team was coached by Russian manager and former player Valeri Nepomniachi, the 1994 World Cup in the United States saw the adjustment of representation for three African teams qualify. Cameroon qualified with Nigeria and Morocco, in the final tournament, Cameroon were drawn into Group B with Sweden, Brazil and Russia. After a 2–2 draw against Sweden, Cameroon were determined to make an impact, however, a 3–0 loss to Brazil and a heavy 6–1 loss to Russia knocked them out. In their last game against Russia, the then 42-year-old Roger Milla became the oldest player to play, the team was coached by French-born Henri Michel
Cameroon national football team
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Cameroon
30.
French Football Federation
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The French Football Federation is the governing body of association football in France, as well as the overseas departments and the overseas collectivities and also in Monaco. It was formed in 1919 and is based in the capital, the FFF was a founding member of FIFA and is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the game of football in France, both professional and amateur. The French Football Federation is a member of UEFA and joined FIFA in 1907 after replacing the USFSA. The Fédération Française de Football was formed on 7 April 1919 following the transformation of the Comité Français Interfédéral into the Fédération Française de Football Association, the USFSA later developed friction with FIFA and the IOC, which led to disorganization and in 1913, became semi-affiliated with the CFI. On 7 April 1919, the CFI transformed themselves into the Fédération Française de Football with Jules Rimet being installed as the federations first president and its legal status is placed under the French Association loi de 1901 jurisdiction. The FFF has been affiliated to FIFA since 1907, when the CFI succeeded the USFSA as Frances representative, two years later after the CFIs transformation, the USFSA officially merged with the federation. On 28 June 2010, the current president, Jean-Pierre Escalettes. On 23 July, Fernand Duchaussoy was installed as the interim president and, on 18 December. On 18 June 2011, following as election, Nöel Le Graët was named as the federations 12th president, to defend the moral and material interests of French football. To maintain all appropriate relations with foreign associations affiliated with FIFA, as well as their sporting organizations, the LFP, however, still operate under the authority of the federation. The federation is responsible for appointing the management of the mens, womens. In 2010, the FFF had 2,107,924 licenses, the federation unveiled its new crest in 2007. The French Football Federation runs numerous competitions, the most famous of which is the annual Coupe de France, the Coupe de France is managed under the authority of the Federal Commission of the Coupe de France, which is directly attached to the Federal Council of the FFF. The federation also governs youth leagues, such as the Championnat National of the under-19s, the FFF also oversee the organization of the Coupe Gambardella and the Coupe Nationale for the under-15 and under-13 club teams. The federation organizes all three divisions of football in France and oversee the Challenge de France, the womens premier cup competition. Located 50 km southwest of Paris in Clairefontaine-en-Yvelines, Clairefontaine is arguably the finest football academy in the world and it has a high reputation of producing some of the most gifted French players including Nicolas Anelka, Louis Saha, William Gallas and national team top scorer Thierry Henry. Registration for new players at an academy begins in October the year before players enroll at the academy when prospective applicants are 12 years of age. Players have until December to register with their club for acceptance into the academy, the first set of trials are carried out by each district within its respective region
French Football Federation
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French Football Federation
Luxembourg
Spain
Paraguay
Yugoslavia
Scotland
Northern Ireland
Brazil
West Germany
Greece
Austria
Italy
Portugal
Chile
