Kāśī was an ancient kingdom of India whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The inhabitants of the Kāśī were named the Kāsikas in Pāli and the Kāśeyas and Kāśikas in Sanskrit.
A silver vimshatika coin of Kāśī under the Kosala occupation, circa 525–465 BCE.
The Mahājanapadas were sixteen kingdoms and aristocratic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE, during the second urbanisation period.
Pottery of the Northern Black Polished Ware culture (c. 500–200 BCE)
Silver coin of Avanti mahajanapada (4th century BCE)
Coin of Early Gandhara Janapada: AR Shatamana and one-eighth Shatamana (round), Taxila-Gandhara region, c. 600–300 BCE
Coin of Takshashila portraying a tree flanked by a hill surmounted by a crescent and a Nandipada above a swastika.