Kedatuan
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Kedatuan were historical semi-independent city-states or principalities throughout ancient Maritime Southeast Asia in the present-day Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia. In a modern Indonesian/Malay
Kota Kapur inscription contains the word kadatuan çrivijaya.
Mandala (political model)
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In the historiography of premodern Southeast Asia, a mandala is a pattern of political organization characterized by overlapping spheres of influence rather than fixed territorial boundaries. Mandala
Kedatuan
…Mueang, a similar concept in mainland Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand and Laos Mandala, political model in ancient Southeast Asia…
Bunga mas (Flowers of Gold), tribute from northern Malay states in Malay peninsula for Siam. National Museum, Kuala Lumpur.)