1.
San Diego Comic-Con
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San Diego Comic-Con International is a multi-genre entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego, California. The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International, San Diego and it is a four-day event held during the summer at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego. On the Wednesday evening prior to the opening of the event, there is a preview for professionals, exhibitors. Comic-Con International also produces two other conventions, WonderCon, held in Los Angeles, and the Alternative Press Expo and it is also the home of the Will Eisner Awards. In 2010, it filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with more than 130,000 attendees, the convention was founded in 1970 by Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, Mike Towry, Barry Alfonso, Bob Sourk, and Greg Bear. Detroit, Michigan-born, comics fan Shel Dorf, had, in the mid-1960s, mounted the Detroit Triple-Fan Fairs, one of the first commercial comics-fan conventions. When he moved to San Diego, California, in 1970, he organized a convention on March 21,1970. Dorf went on to be associated with the convention as president or manager, variously, Alf co-chaired the first convention with Krueger and became chairman in 1971. Following the initial gathering, Dorfs first three-day San Diego comics convention, other locations in the conventions early years included the El Cortez Hotel, the University of California, San Diego, and Golden Hall, before being moved to the San Diego Convention Center in 1991. I was quietly walking the floor stunned and in awe of just how much bigger it really was, the convention is organized by a panel of 13 board members,16 to 20 full-time and part-time workers, and 80 volunteers who assist via committees. Comic Con International is an organization, and proceeds of the event go to funding it, as well as the Alternative Press Expo. The convention logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Josh Beatman in 1995, in September 2010, the convention announced that it would stay in San Diego through 2015. In 2015, working with Lionsgate, a channel was created to host Comic-Con related content. According to the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau, the convention has a regional economic impact of $162.8 million. Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, there are previews of upcoming feature films, like most comic-book conventions, Comic-Con features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as studios and TV networks, as well as comic-book dealers. And like most comics conventions, Comic-Con includes an area, as well as the Artists Alley where comics artists can sign autographs. Despite the name, artists alleys can include writers and even models, academics and comic industry professionals annually hold the Comics Arts Conference at Comic-Con, presenting scholarly studies on comics as a medium
2.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
3.
Pennsylvania
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Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə/, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle, Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest, the 5th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The states five most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, the state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary. The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States, it came into being in 1681 as a result of a land grant to William Penn. Part of Pennsylvania, together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden and it was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12,1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the states largest city of Philadelphia, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg, was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washingtons headquarters during the winter of 1777–78. Pennsylvania is 170 miles north to south and 283 miles east to west, of a total 46,055 square miles,44,817 square miles are land,490 square miles are inland waters, and 749 square miles are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States, Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, the northeast includes the former anthracite coal mining communities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City, and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest, the state has 5 regions, namely the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Erie Plain. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, with the exception of the corner, has a humid continental climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that covers much of Delaware. Moving toward the interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increase. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches of snowfall annually, the state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into fall. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, the Tuscarora Nation took up temporary residence in the central portion of Pennsylvania ca. Both the Dutch and the English claimed both sides of the Delaware River as part of their lands in America
4.
Kyra Sedgwick
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Kyra Minturn Sedgwick Bacon is an American actress and producer. She is best known for her role as Deputy Chief Brenda Leigh Johnson on the TNT crime drama The Closer. Sedgwicks role in the series won her a Golden Globe Award in 2007, the series ended on August 13,2012, following the completion of its seventh season. She is also known for her role as Madeline Wuntch on the successful sitcom Brooklyn Nine Nine. Sedgwick was nominated for a Golden Globe award for her performance in Something to Talk About and she also has one of the starring roles in the critically acclaimed 2016 comedy-drama movie The Edge of Seventeen. Sedgwick was born in New York City, the daughter of Patricia, a teacher and educational/family therapist, and Henry Dwight Sedgwick V. Her father was Episcopalian and of English heritage, and her mother was Jewish, Sedgwick has identified herself as Jewish and has stated that she participates in Passover seders. Sedgwick is also a sister of actor Robert Sedgwick, half-sister of jazz guitarist Mike Stern, the first cousin once removed of actress Edie Sedgwick, and she is also the aunt of R&B/pop singer George Nozuka and his younger singer-songwriter brother Justin Nozuka. Sedgwicks parents separated when she was 4 and divorced when she was 6, her mother subsequently married Ben Heller, Sedgwick went to high school with Matthew Broderick. When both were guests on WWHL, both revealed they actually dated on and off, Broderick even went as far to say he knows Sedgwicks mother well. Sedgwick graduated from Friends Seminary and attended Sarah Lawrence College before transferring to the University of Southern California, Sedgwick made her debut at the age of 16 on the television soap opera Another World. In 1988 she made an impression in a TV version of Lanford Wilsons Lemon Sky. She starred in the Emmy Award–winning 1992 made-for-TV film Miss Rose White as a Jewish immigrant who comes to terms with her ethnicity and she played the parts of Mae Coleman in 2003s Secondhand Lions and Stella Peck in the 2007 film The Game Plan. She also starred alongside her husband Kevin Bacon in the 2004 film The Woodsman and she dubbed the voice of Batwoman in the animated movie Batman, Mystery of the Batwoman. Sedgwick starred in the television series The Closer from 2005 to 2012, in 2007 she began earning roughly US$300,000 per episode. Over the life of the series she was nominated for and won awards for her starring role as Deputy Chief Brenda Leigh Johnson. She received a Golden Globe award in 2007 for her performance as lead actress, in 2009, Sedgwick was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Television. The Closer ended on August 13,2012, following the completion of its seventh season, a sequel series starring most of the same cast called Major Crimes continues in its place
5.
Edmund Bacon (architect)
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Edmund Norwood Bacon was an American urban planner, architect, educator, and author. Bacon was born in West Philadelphia, the son of Helen Atkinson and he grew up in the Philadelphia suburbs and graduated from Swarthmore High School in 1928. After college, while traveling the world on an inheritance, Bacon found work as an architect in Shanghai, China. After a year in China, he returned to Philadelphia where he worked for architect William Pope Barney, saarinen sent Bacon to Flint, Michigan to guide a WPA traffic survey. This project transformed into a permanent position for Bacon at the Flint Institute for Planning, Bacon became very active in civic life in Flint, helping to establish the Flint Housing Association and reforming the citys Planning Commission. During his time in Flint, Bacon witnessed the 1936-37 Flint Sit-Down Strike, Bacon gained close contacts with individuals who were active in establishing the Federal Housing Authority, such as Catherine Bauer and Lewis Mumford. Through these contacts he helped secure federal housing dollars for Flint, however, the local real-estate industry came to see this Federal funding for public housing as a threat to their business. The funding was turned down, and Bacon was effectively run out of Flint in 1939, from Flint, Bacon returned to Philadelphia to serve as Managing Director of the Philadelphia Housing Association. He served in the United States Navy aboard the USS Shoshone in the Pacific in World War II, in 1949, Bacon succeeded Mitchell as Executive Director of the Philadelphia City Planning Commission. His face graced the cover of TIME magazine in 1964, and in 1965 and that same year, Bacon was appointed by President Johnson to serve as a member of the White Houses Conference on Recreation and Natural Beauty. In 1967, he wrote Design of Cities, still considered an important architectural text and it was during his tenure at the City Planning Commission that Bacon and his staff conceived and implemented numerous large- and small-scale design ideas that shaped todays Philadelphia. These design concepts became Penn Center, Market East, Penns Landing, Society Hill, Independence Mall, not all of the concepts that Bacon supported materialized. Three of the four expressways were built, however, the Crosstown Expressway faced significant local opposition and was never built, other concepts conceived during Bacons tenure, such as Schuylkill River Park, included in the 1963 Center City Plan, came into being many years later. After Bacons retirement from the Planning Commission in 1970, he served as president for the private planning firm Mondev U. S. A. That custom, known as the Gentlemens Agreement, was broken forever by developer Willard G. Rouse IIIs One Liberty Place. I think its very, very destructive that he and he alone has chosen to destroy a historical tradition that set a fine and disciplined form for the city. Bacon was present at the groundbreaking, which place in May 1985. Of course, Rouse was not capable of changing the custom
6.
Michael Bacon (musician)
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Michael Bacon is an American singer-songwriter, musician and film score composer. He is the brother of actor Kevin Bacon. Bacon, one of six children, was born in Philadelphia, Michael attended and graduated from prestigious Julia Masterman Laboratory and Demonstration School, Philadelphia in June 1965. He went off to New York to enter Lehman College and graduated with very high notes, Michael is an accomplished guitarist, keyboardist and cellist. In the late 1990s and into the 2000s, Bacon performed with his Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award-winning brother, Kevin, in a duo ensemble, called The Bacon Brothers, which he formed. The duo have written and performed together for several decades, including several commercial numbers and maintain that they will continue to work together. The Bacon Brothers were featured on the July–August 2006 cover of Making Music Magazine, in 2008, Michael composed the soundtrack for the PBS mini series The Jewish Americans. Bacon has composed hundreds of songs for shows and motion pictures. In January 2006, Michael appeared on an episode of Queer Eye with his brother Kevin, the episode featured him as the episodes straight guy and makeover recipient, and ended with both Bacon Brothers performing. Bacon has been married to Betsy Maguire since 1972, they have one child and he earned a degree in music from Lehman College, he studied composition and orchestration with Pulitzer Prize-winning composer John Corigliano. By Carl Colby Boy Interrupted 2009 Sundance -dir. by Dana Perry Red Betsy -feature dir, by Kevin Bacon Brothers in Arms - The Story of the Crew of Patrol Craft 94 feature doc. with John Kerry Berga, Soldiers of Another War -Guggenheim Prods. Award Winner Short Documentary Bill Whiteford and Susan Hadary D-Day Remembered 1995 Acad, award Nominee Long Documentary Guggenheim Prods. A Time for Justice 1995 Acad, award Winner- Short Documentary- Guggenheim Prods. Losing Chase starring Helen Mirren and Kyra Sedgwick dir, a Place in the Land 1998 Acad. Award Nominee Short Documentary Guggenheim Prods, hugh Bush Shadow of Hate 1996 Acad. Award nominee- Guggenheim Productions Pen Pals dir, Mary Kotzke Who Shot Patakango, bob Brooks In a Pigs Eye starring David Canary dir. John Saffron The Johnstown Flood 1993 Acad, award winner Short Documentary- Guggenheim Prods. Robert Oppenheimer The Adirondacks George H. W
7.
Footloose (1984 film)
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Footloose is a 1984 American musical drama film directed by Herbert Ross. It tells the story of Ren McCormack, an upbeat Chicago teen who moves to a town in which, as a result of the efforts of a local minister, dancing. The film is based on events that took place in the small, rural. Ren McCormack, a raised in Chicago, moves with his mother to the small town of Bomont to live with his aunt. Soon after arriving, Ren befriends Willard Hewitt, and from him learns the city council has banned dancing and rock music. He soon begins to fall for a teenage girl named Ariel, who has an abusive boyfriend, Chuck Cranston, and a strict father, Shaw Moore. After trading insults with Chuck, Ren is challenged to a game of chicken involving tractors, Ren wins when his shoelace becomes stuck and prevents him from jumping from the tractor. Rev. Moore distrusts Ren, and he grounds Ariel, forbidding her to see him, Ren and his classmates want to do away with the no-dancing law and have a senior prom. Later, Ren teaches Willard to dance, although Reverend Moore is moved, the council votes against Rens proposal. Vi, Moores wife, is supportive of the movement and explains to Moore that he cannot be everyones father, and she also says that dancing and music are not the problem. Moore feels betrayed that even his wife does not believe in him, however, he has a change of heart after seeing some of the townsfolk burning books that they think are dangerous to the youth of the community. Realizing the situation has gotten out of hand, Moore stops the book-burning, rebukes the book-burners, and sends them home to think about what they are doing. The following Sunday, Moore asks his congregation to pray for the school students putting on a senior prom. Shaw and Vi listen outside, dancing for the first time in years, Chuck and his friends arrive and start a fight with Willard, who with Ren knocks them out. The movie ends with Ren, Ariel, Willard, Rusty, michael Cimino was hired by Paramount to direct the film when negotiations with Ross initially stalled. Tom Cruise and Rob Lowe were both slated to play the lead, the casting directors were impressed with Cruise because of the famous underwear dance sequence in Risky Business, but he was unavailable for the part because he was filming All the Right Moves. Lowe auditioned three times and had dancing ability and the neutral teen look that the wanted. Bacon had been offered the role for the Stephen King movie Christine at the same time that he was asked to do the screen test for Footloose
8.
JFK (film)
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JFK is a 1991 American conspiracy-thriller film directed by Oliver Stone. It examines the events leading to the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the film was adapted by Stone and Zachary Sklar from the books On the Trail of the Assassins by Jim Garrison and Crossfire, The Plot That Killed Kennedy by Jim Marrs. Stone described this account as a counter-myth to the Warren Commissions fictional myth, the film became embroiled in controversy. After a slow start at the box office, the film picked up momentum. JFK was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two for Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing. It was the most successful of three films Stone made about American presidents, followed by Nixon with Anthony Hopkins in the title role and W. with Josh Brolin as George W. Bush. The film opens with footage, including the farewell address in 1961 of outgoing President Dwight D. Eisenhower. This is followed by a summary of John F. Kennedys years as president, emphasizing the events that, in Stones thesis and this builds to a reconstruction of the assassination on November 22,1963. New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison subsequently learns about potential links to the assassination in New Orleans, Kennedys suspected assassin Lee Harvey Oswald is killed by Jack Ruby, and Garrison closes the investigation. The investigation is reopened in 1966 after Garrison reads the Warren Report, Garrison and his staff interrogate several witnesses to the Kennedy assassination, and others involved with Oswald, Ruby, and Ferrie. One such witness is Willie OKeefe, a male prostitute serving five years in prison for soliciting, as well as briefly meeting Oswald, OKeefe was romantically involved with a man called Clay Bertrand. Garrisons staff also test the single bullet theory by aiming an empty rifle from the window through which Oswald was alleged to have shot Kennedy and they conclude that Oswald was too poor a marksman to make the shots, indicating someone else, or multiple marksmen, were involved. In 1968, Garrison meets a figure in Washington D. C. who identifies himself as X. X explains that the President was killed because he wanted to pull the United States out of the Vietnam War, X encourages Garrison to keep digging and prosecute New Orleans-based international businessman Clay Shaw for his alleged involvement. Upon interrogating Shaw, the businessman denies any knowledge of meeting Ferrie, OKeefe or Oswald, some of Garrisons staff begin to doubt his motives and disagree with his methods, and leave the investigation. Garrisons marriage is strained when his wife Liz complains that he is spending time on the case than with his own family. After a sinister phone call is made to their daughter, Liz accuses Garrison of being selfish, in addition, the media launches attacks on television and in newspapers attacking Garrisons character and criticizing the way his office is spending taxpayers money. Some key witnesses become scared and refuse to testify while others, before his death, Ferrie tells Garrison that he believes people are after him, and reveals there was a conspiracy around Kennedys death
9.
A Few Good Men
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It was adapted for the screen by Aaron Sorkin from his play of the same name but includes contributions by William Goldman. The film revolves around the court-martial of two U. S, Marines charged with the murder of a fellow Marine and the tribulations of their lawyers as they prepare a case to defend their clients. Marines Lance Corporal Harold Dawson and Private Louden Downey are facing a court-martial, Santiago compared unfavorably to his fellow Marines, had poor relations with them, and failed to respect the chain of command in attempts at being transferred to another base. Galloway asks to defend them, but instead, the case is given to Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee, initially, friction exists between Galloway, who resents Kaffees tendency to plea bargain, and Kaffee, who resents Galloways interference. Kaffee and the prosecutor, his friend Captain Jack Ross, negotiate a bargain and they insist they were ordered by Kendrick to shave Santiagos head, minutes after Kendrick publicly ordered the platoon not to touch the would-be victim, and did not intend their victim to die. Kaffee is finally won over by Galloway and takes the case to court, however, the defense also suffers setbacks when a cross-examination reveals Downey was not actually present when Dawson and he supposedly received the code red order. Without Markinsons testimony, Kaffee believes the case lost and returns home in a drunken stupor, Galloway, however, convinces Kaffee to call Jessup as a witness despite the risk of being court-martialled for smearing a high-ranking officer. But, if he ordered his men to leave Santiago alone and if Marines always obey orders, as he justifies his actions, Jessup is arrested, Kendrick is later arrested for his actions, too. Soon afterwards, Dawson and Downey are cleared of the murder charge, Dawson accepts the verdict, but Downey does not understand what they had done wrong. Dawson explains they had failed to stand up for those too weak to fight for themselves, as the two prepare to leave, Kaffee tells Dawson he does not need a patch on his arm to have honor. Dawson, who had previously shown contempt for Kaffee for not understanding the Marine ethos, recognizes him as an officer and renders a salute. Tom Cruise as Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee, USN, JAG Corps Jack Nicholson as Colonel Nathan R. T. Walsh as Lieutenant Colonel Matthew Andrew Markinson, USMC J. A. She was going to Guantanamo Bay to defend a group of Marines who came close to killing a fellow Marine in a hazing ordered by a superior officer, Sorkin took that information and wrote much of his story on cocktail napkins while bartending at the Palace Theatre on Broadway. In 1988, Sorkin sold the rights for his play to producer David Brown before it premiered. Brown had read an article in The New York Times about Sorkins one-act play Hidden in This Picture, William Goldman did an uncredited rewrite of the script that Sorkin liked so much, he incorporated the changes made into the stage version. Brown was producing a few projects at TriStar Pictures, and he tried to interest them in making A Few Good Men into a film, Brown later got a call from Alan Horn at Castle Rock Entertainment, who was anxious to make the film. Rob Reiner, a partner at Castle Rock, opted to direct it. The film had a budget of $33,000,000
10.
Apollo 13 (film)
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Apollo 13 is a 1995 American docudrama space adventure film directed by Ron Howard. It stars Tom Hanks, Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Gary Sinise, the film depicts astronauts Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise aboard Apollo 13 for Americas third Moon landing mission. Released to cinemas in the United States on June 30,1995, Apollo 13 was nominated for nine Academy Awards, in total, the film grossed over $355 million worldwide during its theatrical releases. The film was positively received by critics. Astronaut Jim Lovell hosts a party where guests watch Neil Armstrongs televised first human steps on the Moon. Afterwards Lovell, who had orbited the Moon on Apollo 8, three months later, as Lovell conducts a VIP tour of NASAs Vertical Assembly Building, his boss Deke Slayton informs him that his crew will fly Apollo 13 instead of 14. Lovell, Ken Mattingly, and Fred Haise train for their new mission, a few days before launch, Mattingly is exposed to the measles, and the flight surgeon demands his replacement with Mattinglys backup, Jack Swigert. Lovell resists breaking up his team, but relents when Slayton threatens to bump his crew to a later mission, as the launch date approaches, Marilyn has a nightmare about her husbands safety, but goes to the Kennedy Space Center the night before launch to see him off. On April 11,1970, Flight Director Gene Kranz gives the go-ahead from Houstons Mission Control Center for the Apollo 13 launch, as the Saturn V rocket climbs through the atmosphere, a second stage engine cuts off prematurely, but the craft reaches its Earth parking orbit. Three days into the mission, the crew makes a television transmission, after Swigert turns on the liquid oxygen tank stirring fans as requested, one of the tanks explodes, emptying its contents into space and sending the craft tumbling. The other tank is found to be leaking. In Houston, Kranz rallies his team to come up with a plan to bring the astronauts home safely, controller John Aaron recruits Mattingly to help him invent a procedure to restart Odyssey for the landing on Earth. As Swigert and Haise watch the Moon pass beneath them, Lovell laments his lost chance of walking on its surface, with Aquarius running on minimal electrical power, the crew suffers freezing conditions, and Haise contracts a urinary infection and a fever. Swigert suspects Mission Control is withholding their inability to get home, Haise angrily blames Swigerts inexperience for the accident. When carbon dioxide approaches dangerous levels, ground control must quickly invent a way to make the Command Modules square filters work in the Lunar Modules round receptacles. With the guidance systems on Aquarius shut down, the crew must make a difficult, when the crew jettisons the Service Module, they are surprised to see the extent of the damage. As they release Aquarius and re-enter the Earths atmosphere, no one is sure that Odysseys heat shield is intact, the tense period of radio silence due to ionization blackout is longer than normal, but the astronauts report all is well and splash down in the Pacific Ocean. He wonders if and when mankind will return to the Moon, however, by the time Howard acquired the directors position, Costners name never came up in serious discussion, and Hanks had already been interested in doing a film based on Apollo 13
11.
Mystic River (film)
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Mystic River is a 2003 American mystery drama film directed and scored by Clint Eastwood. It stars Sean Penn, Tim Robbins, Kevin Bacon, Laurence Fishburne, Marcia Gay Harden, the screenplay by Brian Helgeland was based on the novel of the same name by Dennis Lehane. The film was produced by Robert Lorenz, Judie G. Hoyt and it is the first film on which Eastwood was credited as composer of the score. The film opened to critical acclaim. It was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Supporting Actress, Sean Penn won Best Actor and Tim Robbins won Best Supporting Actor, making Mystic River the first film to win both awards since Ben-Hur in 1959. Three boys, Jimmy Markum, Sean Devine, and Dave Boyle, the men hold Dave captive and sexually abuse him for four days, until he escapes. Twenty-five years later, the boys are grown and, while they live in Boston, have drifted apart. Jimmy is an ex-con running a store, Sean is a detective with the Massachusetts State Police. The two are still neighbors and related by marriage, jimmys 19-year-old daughter Katie is secretly dating Brendan Harris, a boy Jimmy despises. She and Brendan are planning to run together to Las Vegas. Katie goes out for the night with her girlfriends and Dave sees her at a local bar and that night, Katie is murdered, and Dave comes home with an injured hand and blood on his clothes, which his wife Celeste helps him clean up. Dave claims he fought off a mugger, bashed his head into the concrete, Sean spearheads the investigation into Katies murder. His pregnant wife, Lauren, has left him. Over the course of the film, Sean and his partner, Sergeant Whitey Powers, Sean discovers that the gun used to kill Katie was also used in a liquor store robbery during the 1980s by Just Ray Harris, the father of Katies boyfriend. Harris has been missing since 1989, but Brendan claims he still sends his family every month. Brendan also feigns ignorance about Rays gun but Sean believes it was still in the house, Sergeant Powers suspects Dave as a possible perpetrator because he was one of the last people to see Katie alive. He also has a hand and, although he continues to tell his wife he got it while being mugged. Dave continues to behave strangely, which upsets his wife to the point she is afraid he will hurt her, while Jimmy and his associates conduct their investigation, Daves wife eventually tells Jimmy about Daves behavior, the bloody clothing, and her suspicions
12.
Sleepers
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Sleepers is a 1996 American legal crime drama film written, produced, and directed by Barry Levinson, and based on Lorenzo Carcaterras 1995 novel of the same name. The film starred Kevin Bacon, Jason Patric, Brad Pitt, Robert De Niro, Dustin Hoffman, Minnie Driver, Lorenzo Shakes Carcaterra, Tommy Marcano, Michael Sullivan, and John Reilly are childhood friends in Hells Kitchen, New York City in the mid-1960s. The local priest, Father Robert Bobby Carillo, serves as a figure to the boys. However, they start running small errands for a local gangster, in the summer of 1967, their lives take a turn when they accidentally almost kill a man after pulling a prank on a hot dog vendor. As punishment, the boys are sentenced to the Wilkinson Home for Boys in Upstate New York, Tommy, Michael and John sentenced to 12-18 months, there, the boys are systematically abused and raped by guards Sean Nokes, Henry Addison, Ralph Ferguson, and Adam Styler. The horrifying abuse changes the boys and their friendship forever, during the boys stay at the facility, they participate in Wilkinsons annual football game between the guards and inmates, one that the latter lose on purpose to avoid reprisals from the former. Michael convinces Rizzo, an inmate, that they should play as hard as they can to show the guards they can fight back. Rizzo agrees, and helps to win the game, as a result of this, Shakes, Tommy, Michael, and John are all beaten and thrown into solitary confinement for several weeks, and the guards beat Rizzo to death. By the spring of 1968, shortly before Shakes release from Wilkinson, he insists that they should report the abuse. They all therefore vow never to speak of the horrors and abuse the guards put them through once they are all out, thirteen years later, John and Tommy, now career criminals, encounter Nokes by chance in a Hells Kitchen pub and kill him in front of witnesses. Michael, who has become an assistant district attorney, arranges to be assigned to the case and he and Shakes, who is writing for a newspaper, forge a plan to free John and Tommy and get revenge on the guards who abused them. They also hire Danny Snyder, a lawyer and alcoholic, to defend John. Michaels plan will work if he can discredit Nokes and place John. Ferguson, when called in court as a witness for Nokes character, is forced to admit that he, Nokes, to clinch the case, however, they need a key witness who can give John and Tommy an alibi. As a result, John and Tommy are acquitted, Michael, Shakes, John, Tommy and Carol meet at a bar to celebrate - the last time they would all be together again. Shakes remains a newspaper reporter, living in Hells Kitchen, Michael quits the district attorneys office, moves to the English countryside, becomes a carpenter and never marries. John drinks himself to death and Tommy is murdered, both die before age 30, Carol stays in the city as a social worker and has a son, whom she names after all of the four boys. As Marlboro/Mess hall guard Larry Hryb as Scorekeeper The film received positive reviews
13.
Fox Broadcasting Company
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The Fox Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. It is the third largest major network in the world based on total revenues, assets. Launched on October 9,1986 as a competitor to the Big Three television networks, Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets, although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U. S. network. Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U. S, the network is named after sister company 20th Century Fox, and indirectly for producer William Fox, who founded one of the movie studios predecessors, Fox Film. Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters, 20th Century Fox had been involved in television production as early as the 1950s, producing several syndicated programs. Following the demise of the DuMont Television Network in August of that year after it became mired in financial problems. 20th Century Fox would also produce original content for the NTA network, KTTV in Los Angeles, KRIV in Houston, WFLD-TV in Chicago, and KRLD-TV in Dallas. In October 1985, 20th Century Fox announced its intentions to form a television network that would compete with ABC, CBS. The plans were to use the combination of the Fox studios, organizational plans for the network were held off until the Metromedia acquisitions cleared regulatory hurdles. Then, in December 1985, Rupert Murdoch agreed to pay $325 million to acquire the remaining equity in TCF Holdings from his original partner, Marvin Davis. These first six stations, then broadcasting to a reach of 22% of the nations households. Except for KDAF, all of the original owned-and-operated stations are part of the Fox network today. Like the core O&O group, Foxs affiliate body consisted of independent stations. The Fox Broadcasting Company launched at 11,00 p. m. Eastern and its inaugural program was a late-night talk show, The Late Show, which was hosted by comedian Joan Rivers. By early 1987, Rivers quit The Late Show after disagreements with the network over the creative direction. The network expanded its programming into prime time on April 5,1987, with Children and the sketch comedy series The Tracey Ullman Show. Fox added one new show per week over the several weeks, with the drama 21 Jump Street. On July 11, the network rolled out its Saturday night schedule with the premiere of the drama series Werewolf
14.
The Following
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The Following is an American television drama series created by Kevin Williamson, and jointly produced by Outerbanks Entertainment and Warner Bros. The second season introduces Hardys niece, who help in finding Carroll after his fake death while also dealing with a new cult. The series was broadcast on the commercial broadcast television network Fox, in its first two seasons, it starred Kevin Bacon and James Purefoy in leading roles, as well as Shawn Ashmore, Natalie Zea, and Valorie Curry. The first season, comprising 15 episodes, premiered on January 21,2013, on March 4,2013, the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on January 19,2014, and concluded on April 28,2014. The series renewal for a season was announced on March 7,2014. On May 8,2015, Fox canceled The Following after three seasons, the final episode aired on May 18,2015. The Followings first season centers on former FBI agent Ryan Hardy and his attempts to re-capture serial killer Joe Carroll, the third season follows Hardys life after Carrolls arrest and shows Hardys in a better place. He is close with his niece and has a girlfriend, weston, however, follows a different path and chooses to hunt down Mark Gray, and he doesnt blame Hardy for his choice. Carroll is now on death row, waiting to be executed, however, there is a new player in the game, another serial killer who proves to be just as dangerous and capable as Joe Carroll. Williamson knew he wanted to produce a show that would be gory, to slip gory scenes past the Standards and Practices department at Fox Broadcasting, Williamson explained, There are tricks. Okay, in the same episode theres an actor cutting someone in the jugular, so I sent a little email to Kevin Reilly, and within 15 minutes the broadcast-and-standards people were like, Its okay. Williamson wanted to cast a tough guy with a side in the role of Ryan Hardy. When his agent suggested Bacon himself, Williamson discovered that Bacon had spent the past four years trying to find a program he would like to do. Bacon described his attraction to the role as stemming from the way it centered on a life-or-death situation, the lighthouse scenes in the first seasons finale were filmed at the Fire Island Lighthouse in Fire Island, New York. Including other digital sources, the episode was watched by a total of 20.34 million viewers. The Followings first season was given 62/100 on Metacritic based on 32 reviews and he added, The dramas strongest elements override this flaw. Both Bacon and Purefoy are so intensely earnest, The Following quickly supersedes its patent Silence of the Lambs setup, the moments that focus on Carrolls criminal cult give the series its real power, and the modern-day variations on Charlie Mansons kill-crazy crew are genuinely spooky. But the show still feels slack, is it a case of a serial-killer cliché too far
15.
HBO
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Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
16.
Taking Chance
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The film was selected for showing at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival and premiered on HBO on February 21,2009. The film opens on a screen, with white letters describing the date and place, as we hear radio chatter about a suspicious vehicle followed by the sound of an explosion. We then cut to see two Marines driving, wearing blue uniforms, to an unmarked house in the middle of the night. Finally we cut to Lt. Colonel Michael Strobl searching on his computer the casualty report for the Middle East, after a couple clips of Michael running through the woods, service members coffins getting put into an airplane, and some driving. We find the Lt. Col. at work giving a presentation to several other Marines. Then the Lt. Col. makes his way home with his family for a short while, then the camera cuts to five Marines in woodland MarPat camouflage taking US Flag draped coffins off of an airplane in the rain. After a short clip of the Lt. Col. eating dinner with his family, we find him looking at the casualty report yet again but this time he writes down some information. The movie then cuts to him in an interview with a higher ranking Marine and he says it is because the PFC is from his hometown, then we see him discuss his choice with his wife. After the morticians are shown, the film cuts to the Lt. Col. leaving and telling his wife goodbye. He then arrives at Dover Port Mortuary where he gets his instructions along with other Marines on how to go about escorting a fallen Marine. After the instruction, all the service member escorts who are awaiting their turn to head outside. The Lt. Col. then gets told that Phelps isnt ready to be transported yet due to the amount of casualties and he is told that PFC Phelpss private effects are not to leave his side, under any circumstances. The Lt. Col. then verifies that the body in the van is in fact the PFC and then begins his drive to the airport where he has a talk with Rich Brewer of the Dover Port Mortuary. They talk about the military and how the driver knew two men from his school who enlisted, one of whom returned after sustaining severe injuries. Lt. Col. Strobl arrives at the airport, where he first renders honors to the PFC as he is offloaded to a cargo area, before saying a curbside goodbye to the driver. Lt. Col. Strobl heads to the counter, where the ticketing agent tells him that he has been upgraded to First Class. As he goes through security, he tells a somewhat annoyed TSA agent that he cant put Phelps personal items into the x-ray scanner and he also says that he wont take off his Marine Dress Uniform Jacket to go through the metal detector because it would degrade the uniform. Eventually he is screened in private, with the TSA agent using a metal-detector wand and he then renders honors to the PFC again as the coffin is loaded onto the airplane
17.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
18.
Screen Actors Guild Award
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The statuette given, a nude male figure holding both a mask of comedy and a mask of tragedy, is called The Actor. It is 16 inches tall, weighs over 12 pounds, is cast in solid bronze, SAG Awards have been one of the major awards events in Hollywood since 1995. It is considered an indicator of success at the Academy Awards, the awards have been telecast since 1998 on TNT, and since 2007 have been simulcast on TBS. The inaugural SAG Awards aired live on February 25,1995 from Universal Studios Stage 12, the second SAG awards aired live from the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, while subsequent awards have been held at the Shrine Exposition Center
19.
The Guardian
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The Guardian is a British daily newspaper, known from 1821 until 1959 as the Manchester Guardian. Along with its sister papers The Observer and The Guardian Weekly, The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, the Scott Trust became a limited company in 2008, with a constitution to maintain the same protections for The Guardian. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than to the benefit of an owner or shareholders, the Guardian is edited by Katharine Viner, who succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. In 2016, The Guardians print edition had a daily circulation of roughly 162,000 copies in the country, behind The Daily Telegraph. The newspaper has an online UK edition as well as two international websites, Guardian Australia and Guardian US, the newspapers online edition was the fifth most widely read in the world in October 2014, with over 42.6 million readers. Its combined print and online editions reach nearly 9 million British readers, notable scoops include the 2011 News International phone hacking scandal, in particular the hacking of murdered English teenager Milly Dowlers phone. The investigation led to the closure of the UKs biggest selling Sunday newspaper, and one of the highest circulation newspapers in the world, in 2016, it led the investigation into the Panama Papers, exposing the then British Prime Minister David Camerons links to offshore bank accounts. The Guardian has been named Newspaper of the Year four times at the annual British Press Awards, the paper is still occasionally referred to by its nickname of The Grauniad, given originally for the purported frequency of its typographical errors. The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by cotton merchant John Edward Taylor with backing from the Little Circle and they launched their paper after the police closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, a paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo Massacre protesters. They do not toil, neither do they spin, but they better than those that do. When the government closed down the Manchester Observer, the champions had the upper hand. The influential journalist Jeremiah Garnett joined Taylor during the establishment of the paper, the prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty. Warmly advocate the cause of Reform, endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy and. Support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, in 1825 the paper merged with the British Volunteer and was known as The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer until 1828. The working-class Manchester and Salford Advertiser called the Manchester Guardian the foul prostitute, the Manchester Guardian was generally hostile to labours claims. The Manchester Guardian dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators –, if an accommodation can be effected, the occupation of the agents of the Union is gone. CP Scott made the newspaper nationally recognised and he was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylors son in 1907. Under Scott, the moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting William Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886
20.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
21.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence
22.
Social network
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A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social actors, sets of dyadic ties, and other social interactions between actors. The social network perspective provides a set of methods for analyzing the structure of whole social entities as well as a variety of theories explaining the patterns observed in these structures. The study of these structures uses social network analysis to local and global patterns, locate influential entities. Social networks and the analysis of them is an inherently interdisciplinary academic field which emerged from social psychology, sociology, statistics, georg Simmel authored early structural theories in sociology emphasizing the dynamics of triads and web of group affiliations. Jacob Moreno is credited with developing the first sociograms in the 1930s to study interpersonal relationships and these approaches were mathematically formalized in the 1950s and theories and methods of social networks became pervasive in the social and behavioral sciences by the 1980s. Social network analysis is now one of the major paradigms in contemporary sociology, together with other complex networks, it forms part of the nascent field of network science. The social network is a theoretical construct useful in the sciences to study relationships between individuals, groups, organizations, or even entire societies. The term is used to describe a structure determined by such interactions. The ties through which any given social unit connects represent the convergence of the social contacts of that unit. This theoretical approach is, necessarily, relational, thus, one common criticism of social network theory is that individual agency is often ignored although this may not be the case in practice. Precisely because many different types of relations, singular or in combination, form these network configurations, in the late 1890s, both Émile Durkheim and Ferdinand Tönnies foreshadowed the idea of social networks in their theories and research of social groups. Tönnies argued that groups can exist as personal and direct social ties that either link individuals who share values and belief or impersonal, formal. Major developments in the field can be seen in the 1930s by several groups in psychology, anthropology, in psychology, in the 1930s, Jacob L. Moreno began systematic recording and analysis of social interaction in small groups, especially classrooms and work groups. In anthropology, the foundation for social theory is the theoretical and ethnographic work of Bronislaw Malinowski, Alfred Radcliffe-Brown. In sociology, the work of Talcott Parsons set the stage for taking a relational approach to understanding social structure. Later, drawing upon Parsons theory, the work of sociologist Peter Blau provides a strong impetus for analyzing the relational ties of social units with his work on social exchange theory, by the 1970s, a growing number of scholars worked to combine the different tracks and traditions. In general, social networks are self-organizing, emergent, and complex and these patterns become more apparent as network size increases. However, a network analysis of, for example, all interpersonal relationships in the world is not feasible and is likely to contain so much information as to be uninformative
23.
Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon
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Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon is a parlour game based on the six degrees of separation concept, which posits that any two people on Earth are six or fewer acquaintance links apart. Movie buffs challenge each other to find the shortest path between an actor and prolific character actor Kevin Bacon. It rests on the assumption that anyone involved in the Hollywood film industry can be linked through their roles to Bacon within six steps. The game requires a group of players to try to connect any such individual to Kevin Bacon as quickly as possible, in 2007, Bacon started a charitable organization named SixDegrees. org. In a January 1994 Premiere magazine interview about the film The River Wild, on April 7,1994, a lengthy newsgroup thread headed Kevin Bacon is the Center of the Universe appeared. The game was created in early 1994 by three Albright College students, Craig Fass, Brian Turtle, and Mike Ginelli. According to an interview with the three in the spring 1999 issue of the magazine, The Albright Reporter, they were watching Footloose during a heavy snowstorm. When the film was followed by The Air Up There, they began to speculate on how many movies Bacon had been in, in the interview, Brian Turtle said, It became one of our stupid party tricks I guess. People would throw names at us and wed connect them to Kevin Bacon, the trio wrote a letter to talk show host Jon Stewart, telling him that Kevin Bacon was the center of the entertainment universe and explaining the game. They appeared on The Jon Stewart Show and The Howard Stern Show with Bacon to explain the game, Bacon admitted that he initially disliked the game because he believed it was ridiculing him, but he eventually came to enjoy it. The three inventors released a book, Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon, with a written by Bacon. A board game based on the concept was released by Endless Games, Bacon also appeared in a commercial for the Visa check card that parodied the game. In the commercial, Bacon wants to write a check to buy a book, but the clerk asks for his ID, sanjay, who recently removed the appendix of Kim, who dumped you sophomore year. So you see, were practically brothers, J. Simpson both hung out with people named Kato, Simpson and Robert Wagner co-starred in The Towering Inferno, Wagner and Bacon co-starred in Wild Things. Bacon spoofed the concept himself in a cameo he performed for the independent film We Married Margo, playing himself in a 2003 episode of Will and Grace, Bacon connects himself to Val Kilmer through Tom Cruise and jokes Hey, that was a short one. The headline of The Onion, a newspaper, on October 30,2002, was Kevin Bacon Linked To Al-Qaeda. Bacon provides the commentary for the NY Skyride attraction at the Empire State Building in New York City. At several points throughout the commentary, Bacon alludes to his connections to Hollywood stars via other actors with whom he has worked
24.
Bucknell University
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Bucknell University is a private liberal arts college located alongside the West Branch Susquehanna River in the town of Lewisburg, in central Pennsylvania, United States. The university consists of the College of Arts and Sciences, School of Management, and it offers nearly 50 majors and over 60 minors. It is primarily a school, and has about 50 graduate students. Students come from all 50 states and from more than 66 countries, Bucknell has nearly 200 student organizations and a large Greek presence. The schools mascot is Bucky the Bison and the school is a member of the Patriot League in NCAA Division I athletics, more than 4,000 subscribers ultimately contributed, including a small boy who gave 12 cents. In 1846, the school preparatory to the University opened in the basement of the First Baptist Church in Lewisburg, known originally as the Lewisburg High School, it became in 1848 the Academical and Primary Department of the University at Lewisburg. In 1850, the department moved into the first building completed on campus, built for $8,000, the building housed both womens and mens studies until the opening of the Female Institute in 1852. While studying together, women were required to face east while men faced west, the schools first commencement was held on August 20,1851, for a graduation class of seven men. Among the board members attending was James Buchanan, who would become the 15th President of the United States, stephen Taylor officiated as his last act before assuming office as president of Madison University. One day earlier, the trustees had elected Howard Malcom as the first president of the university, although the Female Institute began instruction in 1852, it wasn’t until 1883 that college courses were opened to women. Bucknell, though, was committed to educational opportunities for women. Within five years of opening, enrollment had grown so sharply that the university built a new hall–Larison Hall–to accommodate the Female Institute, women could venture into town only in the company of a female teacher who had a minimum of six years’ experience in handling girls. In 1881, facing dire financial circumstances, the university turned to William Bucknell and his donation of $50,000 saved the university from ruin. In 1886, in recognition of Bucknells support of the school, Bucknell Hall, the first of several buildings given to the university by Bucknell, was initially a chapel and for more than a half century the site of student theatrical and musical performances. Today, it houses the Stadler Center for Poetry, the 40 years from 1890 until 1930 saw a steady increase in the number of faculty members and students. When the Depression brought a drop in enrollment in 1933, several members of the faculty were loaned to found a new institution, Bucknell Junior College in Wilkes-Barre, today, that institution is a four-year university, Wilkes University, independent of Bucknell since 1947. Significant new construction in the 1970s included the Elaine Langone Center, the Gerhard Fieldhouse, during the early 1980s, the capacity of the Bertrand Library was doubled and facilities for engineering were substantially renovated. In 1988, the Weis Center for the Performing Arts was completed, New facilities for the sciences included the renovation of the Olin Science Building, the construction of the Rooke Chemistry Building in 1990 and the completion of a new Biology Building in 1991
25.
Cosmopolitan (magazine)
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Cosmopolitan is an international fashion magazine for women. Often referred to as Cosmo, its content as of 2011 includes articles on issues, relationships, sex, health, careers, self-improvement, celebrities, fashion. Published by Hearst Corporation, Cosmopolitan has 64 international editions, is printed in 35 languages, Cosmopolitan began as a family magazine, launched in 1886 by Schlicht & Field of New York as The Cosmopolitan. There was also a department for the members of the family. Cosmopolitans circulation reached 25,000 that year, but by November 1888, John Brisben Walker acquired the magazine in 1889. That same year, he dispatched Elizabeth Bisland on a race around the world against Nellie Bly to draw attention to his magazine. Under John Brisben Walkers ownership, E. D. Walker, formerly with Harpers Monthly, took over as the new editor, introducing colour illustrations, serials and book reviews. It became a market for fiction, featuring such authors as Annie Besant, Ambrose Bierce, Theodore Dreiser, Rudyard Kipling, Jack London, Willa Cather. The magazines circulation climbed to 75,000 by 1892, in 1897, Cosmopolitan announced plans for a free correspondence school, No charge of any kind will be made to the student. All expenses for the present will be borne by the Cosmopolitan, No conditions, except a pledge of a given number of hours of study. When 20,000 immediately signed up, Walker could not fund the school, also in 1897, H. G. Wells The War of the Worlds was serialized, as was his The First Men in the Moon. Olive Schreiner contributed an article about the Boer War. And Colorado - New Tricks in an Old Game, Jack Londons novella, The Red One, was published in the October 1918 issue, and a constant presence from 1910-18 was Arthur B. Reeve, with 82 stories featuring Craig Kennedy, the scientific detective, Magazine illustrators included Francis Attwood, Dean Cornwell, Harrison Fisher, and James Montgomery Flagg. Hearst formed Cosmopolitan Productions, a company based in New York City from 1918 to 1923, then Hollywood until 1938. Cosmopolitan magazine was titled as Hearsts International Combined with Cosmopolitan from 1925 until 1952. In 1911, Hearst had bought a middling monthly magazine called World To-Day, in June 1914 it was shortened to Hearsts and was ultimately titled Hearsts International in May 1922. In order to spare serious cutbacks at San Simeon, Hearst merged the magazine Hearsts International with Cosmopolitan effective March 1925, after Hearst died in 1951, the Hearsts International disappeared from the magazine cover altogether in April 1952
26.
Fraternities and sororities
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Fraternities and sororities are social organizations at colleges and universities. A form of the fraternity, they are prominent in the United States, and the Philippines, with smaller numbers existing in France, the United Kingdom, Canada. Similar organizations exist in countries as well, including the Studentenverbindungen of German-speaking countries. Similar, but much less common, organizations also exist for secondary school students, in modern usage, the term Greek letter organization is often synonymous with the terms fraternity and sorority. Traditional fraternities of the type described in this article are often called social fraternities, generally, membership in a fraternity or sorority is obtained while an undergraduate student but continues, thereafter, for life. Some of these organizations can accept graduate students as well as undergraduates, the first fraternity in North America to incorporate most of the elements of modern fraternities was Phi Beta Kappa, founded at the College of William and Mary in 1775. The founding of Phi Beta Kappa followed the establishment of two other secret student societies that had existed at that campus as early as 1750. In 1779 Phi Beta Kappa expanded to include chapters at Harvard, by the early 19th century, the organization transformed itself into a scholastic honor society and abandoned secrecy. In 1825 Kappa Alpha Society, the oldest extant fraternity to retain its characteristic, was established at Union College. In 1827, Sigma Phi and Delta Phi were also founded at the same institution, the foundation of this triad established Union College as the Mother of Fraternities. Fraternities represented the intersection between dining clubs, literary societies, and secret initiatory orders such as Freemasonry, as fraternity membership was punishable by expulsion at many colleges at this time, the house was located deep in the woods. The first residential home to be built by a fraternity is believed to have been Alpha Delta Phis chapter at Cornell. Alpha Tau Omega became the first fraternity to own a house in the South when, in 1880. Chapters of many fraternities followed suit, purchasing and less often, Phi Sigma Kappas chapter home at Cornell, completed in 1902, is the oldest such house still occupied by its fraternal builders. The term sorority was invented by a professor of Latin who felt the word fraternity was inappropriate for a group of ladies, the first organization to use the term sorority was Gamma Phi Beta, established in 1874. The development of fraternities for women during this time was an accomplishment in the way of womens rights. By mere existence these organizations were defying the odds, the women were able to advance their organizations despite many factors working against them. Today both social and multicultural sororities are present on more than 650 college campuses across the United States, the National Panhellenic Conference serves as the umbrella organization for 26 national sororities, representing over 4 million women at both the collegiate level and in alumni associations
27.
Animal House
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National Lampoons Animal House is a 1978 American comedy film from Universal Pictures. It was produced by Ivan Reitman and Matty Simmons, directed by John Landis, and stars John Belushi, Tim Matheson, John Vernon, Verna Bloom, Thomas Hulce, and Donald Sutherland. The film, a direct spin-off from National Lampoon, is about a group of fraternity members who challenge the authority of the dean of Faber College. The screenplay was adapted by Douglas Kenney, Chris Miller, and Harold Ramis from stories written by Miller, upon its initial release, Animal House received generally mixed reviews from critics, but Time and Roger Ebert proclaimed it one of the years best. The film, along with 1977s The Kentucky Fried Movie, also directed by Landis, was responsible for defining and launching the gross out film genre. As of 2017, it was considered by fans and critics as one of the greatest comedy films ever made. In 2001 the United States Library of Congress deemed Animal House culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant and it was No.1 on Bravos 100 Funniest Movies. It was No.36 on AFIs 100 Years,100 Laughs list of the 100 best American comedies. In 2008 Empire magazine selected it as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time, in 1962, Faber College freshmen Lawrence Larry Kroger and Kent Dorfman seek to join a fraternity. Larry and Kent are invited to pledge and given the fraternity names Pinto and Flounder respectively, by Bluto and he directs the clean-cut, smug Omega president Greg Marmalard to find a way for him to remove the Deltas from campus. Bluto and D-Day steal the answers to an upcoming test from the trash, the Deltas fail the exam, and their grade-point averages fall so low that Wormer tells them he needs only one more incident to revoke their charter. To cheer themselves up, the Deltas organize a party and bring in Otis Day. Wormers wife attends at Otters invitation and has sex with him, Pinto hooks up with Clorette, a girl he met at the supermarket. They make out, but do not have sex because she passes out drunk, Pinto takes her home in a shopping cart and later discovers that she is the mayors daughter. Outraged by his wifes escapades and the threat of personal violence, Wormer organizes a kangaroo court. To take their minds off this action, Otter, Boon, Flounder, Otter is successful in picking up four young women from Emily Dickinson College as dates for himself and his Delta brothers. He elicits sympathy by posing as the fiancé of a woman at the college who died in a recent kiln explosion. They stop at a bar where Days band is performing
28.
Search for Tomorrow
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Search for Tomorrow is an American television soap opera. It began its run on CBS on September 3,1951, Search for Tomorrow was created by Roy Winsor and was first written by Agnes Nixon for the series first thirteen weeks and later by Irving Vendig. Search for Tomorrow aired as a serial from its debut in 1951 until 1968. Procter & Gamble used the show to advertise mainly Joy dishwashing liquid and Spic, as the shows ratings increased, other sponsors began buying commercial time. Both Joy and Spic and Span continued to be the primary products Procter & Gamble advertised on the show, well into the 1960s. At the time, Search for Tomorrow and The Guiding Light, throughout its entire thirty-five year run, Search for Tomorrows title sequence featured clouds passing through the sky. In fact, the sequence consisted entirely of that until 1981, the only noticeable change was the slightly altered S in Search starting in 1967, at the time of the shows color switch. In late 1981, the show using a videotaped opening sequence with a shot of a seagull flying over the ocean. In the shows final months, the featured a montage of cast clips, bookended with sky shots. The theme music for the early years sounded a little like Beyond the Blue Horizon to some, which would have seemed quite appropriate for this show given the sequence. From October 7,1974 to February 25,1986, Search for Tomorrow used a pop ballad theme, Well Search for Tomorrow by Jon Silbermann, Jack Cortner, and John Barranco. 1986 marked the debut of a new theme for the show by Bill Chinnock. The version of this tune that played during the opening and end credits, for much of the shows run on CBS, the announcer was Dwight Weist. When Weist departed the show to found his own public relations/casting company and her job carried over into the first few years of NBCs run until Hal Simms took over in 1985, for the remainder of the series. Simms involvement was limited to the opening credit sponsorship announcements, for the shows duration, Search for Tomorrow was centered on a midwestern housewife named Joanne Gardner, who lived in a fictional town called Henderson. In the earlier years, Joannes friends and next-door neighbors, Stuart and Marge Bergman received much screen time as they commiserated with Joanne, at the beginning of the series, Stu and Marge had a young daughter named Janet. After Keith died in 1952, Joanne started managing a hotel, local thugs in town saw Joanne as soft because she was a woman, and they attempted to take over the business as a front for Mafia dealings. Joannes friend Rose Peabody, who was selling information to the Mafia, tried to poison a pot of soup that Joanne made, in the end, she could not go through with it and poured the soup down the drain
29.
Guiding Light
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Guiding Light was created by Irna Phillips, and began as an NBC Radio serial on January 25,1937. On June 2,1947, the series was transferred to CBS Radio, before starting on June 30,1952 and it continued to be broadcast concomitantly on radio until June 29,1956. The series was expanded from 15 minutes to a half-hour during 1968, the series broadcast its 15, 000th CBS episode on September 6,2006. On April 1,2009, it was announced that CBS had canceled Guiding Light after a 72-year run due to low ratings. The show taped its final Procter & Gamble scenes for CBS on August 11,2009, on October 5,2009, CBS replaced Guiding Light with an hour-long revival of Lets Make a Deal, hosted by Wayne Brady. Guiding Light has had a number of plot sequences during the long history. These plot sequences include complex storylines, and different writers and casting, the series was created by Irna Phillips, who based it on personal experiences. These sermons originated the idea of the creation of The Guiding Light, the original radio series was first broadcast as 15-minute episodes on NBC Radio, starting on January 25,1937. The series was transferred to CBS Radio during 1947, the Guiding Light was broadcast first by CBS Television on June 30,1952. With the transition to television, the characters became the Bauers. These episodes were also 15 minutes long, during the period from 1952 to 1956, The Guiding Light existed as both a radio and television serial, with actors recording their performances twice for each day that the shows were broadcast. The radio broadcast of The Guiding Light ceased production during 1956, the Guiding Light ranked as the number one-rated soap opera during both 1956 and 1957, before being replaced during 1958 by As the World Turns. After Irna Phillips was transferred to As the World Turns during 1958, the first television producer of The Guiding Light was Luci Ferri Rittenberg, who produced the show over 20 years. Agnes Nixon relinquished her role as chief writer during 1965 to work for the series Another World, on March 13,1967, The Guiding Light was first broadcast in color. On September 9,1968, the program was expanded from 15 to 30 minutes, the show also became a bit more topical during the 1960s, with such storylines as Bert Bauers diagnosis of uterine cancer in 1962. A number of new characters were introduced during the mid- to late 1960s, including Dr. Sara McIntyre, who remained a major character through the early 1980s. Charlotte was murdered by Kit on August 26,1973, and then Kit herself was shot by Dr. Joe Werner in self-defense on April 24,1974, after she had attempted to poison Dr. Sara McIntyre. A pivotal character, off-and-on, until the spring of 1998, the role of Roger was originally proposed to be blonde, fair-skinned preppy type, a man who was dating his bosss daughter Holly
30.
Friday the 13th (1980 film)
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Friday the 13th is a 1980 American slasher film directed by Sean S. Cunningham and written by Victor Miller. Prompted by the success of John Carpenters Halloween, the film was made on a budget of $550,000 and released by Paramount Pictures in the United States. When originally released, the film received reviews from film critics. In the years followed, retrospective reviews for the film have been more positive. In the summer of 1958 at Camp Crystal Lake, two camp counselors named Barry and Claudette sneak away from a campfire and into a storage barn, before they are able to have sex, an unseen assailant enters the barn and murders them both. Twenty one years later, newly hired counselor Annie Phillips enters a small diner, a friendly truck driver named Enos agrees to drive Annie halfway, while an elderly man named Crazy Ralph warns Annie against going, believing the camp has a death curse. During the drive, Enos tells Annie about a boy that drowned at Crystal Lake in 1957. After Enos drops her off, Annie hitches another ride from a second driver. At the camp, counselors Ned, Jack, Bill, Marcie, Brenda and Alice, along with the owner Steve Christy, refurbish the cabins, as a thunderstorm approaches, Steve leaves the campground to gather supplies. When Steve returns, he appears to recognize the killer before he is stabbed in the stomach. As Alice and Bill are the ones left, they leave to investigate after discovering a bloody axe in Brendas bed, the phones disconnected. When the power out, Bill goes to check on the generator and is killed off-screen. When Alice looks around for Bill, she finds his body pinned with arrows onto the shed door, seeing a vehicle pulling up, she rushes outside and is greeted by a middle-aged woman named Pamela Voorhees, who says she is an old friend of Steves. As Alice brings her inside, Pamela reveals that her son Jason was the boy who drowned in 1957, revealing herself as the killer, she turns violent and rushes toward Alice with a bowie knife. A chase ensues, in which Pamela attempts to kill Alice, following a confrontation in which Pamela is knocked out, Alice escapes to the shore, but Pamela finds her and attempts to kill her again. During the final struggle, Alice manages to decapitate her with a machete and she falls asleep inside a canoe, just as Alice awakens and sees police arriving, Jasons decomposing body suddenly emerges and drags her underwater. She then awakens in a hospital, where a police officer, when she asks about Jason, the officer says that there was no sign of any boy, to which Alice says Then hes still there. Friday the 13th was produced and directed by Sean S. Cunningham, Cunningham, inspired by John Carpenters Halloween, wanted Friday the 13th to be shocking, visually stunning and you jump out of your seat
31.
Phoenix Theater
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The Phoenix Theater is an all-ages nightclub located in Petaluma, California. The club has been in existence since 1905 and has changed in structure and purpose, mostly due to severe damage caused by several fires. The Phoenix Theater first opened in 1905 as the Hill Opera House, in the early 1920s, it was nearly destroyed by a fire forcing the theater to be shut down. By 1925, it had restored and opened as a movie theater. The building was purchased by California Movie Theater around 1935 and renamed California Theater, on August 5,1957, another fire took the roof of the building. The building was restored and renamed the Showcase Theater by the Tocchini family, the Tocchinis employed a boy named Tom Gaffey, who managed to be rehired by Ken Frankel after Frankel bought the theater in 1982. Gaffey was then named theater manager and he renamed the theater after the mythological phoenix because the building seemed to ‘rise from the ashes’. The Theater gained unwanted attention after a performance by the band Popsicle Love Sponge performed a questionable act with the body of what was believed to be a dead chicken. The late night shows ended, but the movies continued for a short time, in 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake caused moderate damage to the theaters interior resulting in a long-awaited renovations. In the late 1990s, its announced plans to sell the Phoenix Theater for demolition and reconstruction as an office building. The sale was in escrow when four employees from Cerent Corporation, who were all musicians and two of whom were former Phoenix Theater frequenters, intervened and took over the escrow
32.
Flux
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Flux is either of two separate simple and ubiquitous concepts throughout physics and applied mathematics. Within a discipline, the term is used consistently. Both concepts have mathematical rigor, enabling comparison of the underlying math when the terminology is unclear, for transport phenomena, flux is a vector quantity, describing the magnitude and direction of the flow of a substance or property. In electromagnetism, flux is a quantity, defined as the surface integral of the component of a vector field perpendicular to the surface at each point. As will be clear, the easiest way to relate the two concepts is that the surface integral of a flux according to the first definition is a flux according to the second definition. The word flux comes from Latin, fluxus means flow, as fluxion, this term was introduced into differential calculus by Isaac Newton. One could argue, based on the work of James Clerk Maxwell, the specific quote from Maxwell is, In the case of fluxes, we have to take the integral, over a surface, of the flux through every element of the surface. The result of operation is called the surface integral of the flux. It represents the quantity which passes through the surface, according to the first definition, flux may be a single vector, or flux may be a vector field / function of position. In the latter case flux can readily be integrated over a surface, by contrast, according to the second definition, flux is the integral over a surface, it makes no sense to integrate a second-definition flux for one would be integrating over a surface twice. Thus, Maxwells quote only makes sense if flux is being used according to the first definition and this is ironic because Maxwell was one of the major developers of what we now call electric flux and magnetic flux according to the second definition. This implies that Maxwell conceived as these fields as flows/fluxes of some sort, given a flux according to the second definition, the corresponding flux density, if that term is used, refers to its derivative along the surface that was integrated. By the Fundamental theorem of calculus, the flux density is a flux according to the first definition. Given a current such as electric current—charge per time, current density would also be a flux according to the first definition—charge per time per area. Concrete fluxes in the rest of this article will be used in accordance to their acceptance in the literature. In transport phenomena, flux is defined as the rate of flow of a property per unit area, the area is of the surface the property is flowing through or across. Here are 3 definitions in increasing order of complexity, each is a special case of the following. In all cases the frequent symbol j, is used for flux, q for the quantity that flows, t for time
33.
Second Stage Theatre
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Second Stage Theatre is a theater company founded in 1979 and located in Manhattan, New York City. It produces both new plays and revivals of contemporary American plays by new playwrights and established writers, in April 2015, the company bought the Helen Hayes Theatre, a Broadway theatre. The theatres mission is to give new life to contemporary American plays, Second Stage Theatre was founded in 1979 by Carole Rothman and Robyn Goodman with the purpose of giving new life to existing plays. Although the original idea of Second Stage was to give second stagings to plays that failed to find audiences, Rothman and Goodman soon began producing new works. In 1999, Second Stage moved into a new home on the corner of West 43rd Street, the building was originally a bank, the 1929 structure was redesigned for the stage by Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas. The McGinn/Cazale Theatre is now home to 2STs Uptown Series, a summer series dedicated to nurturing young playwrights often receiving their first professional production in New York City. It was announced on April 18,2015, that the sale of Helen Hayes Theatre, the sale price was $24.7 million. Second Stage will have its first production at the theatre during the 2017-18 season, after renovations, Second Stage will become one of only four nonprofit theatre companies that own and operate theatres on Broadway. The company will continue to lease and operate its original theatres on the Upper West Side, 2ST Uptown was created in 2002 as a program to help develop and provide a voice for a new generation of theatre artists. The series seeks to develop the skills of emerging playwrights by providing them with the support of an artistic institution. Many of the involved are making their New York City debuts. Because of this, Second Stage serves as a gateway for many young American theatre artists to step onto the New York scene, all plays are presented at the McGinn/Cazale Theatre, the series is curated by Second Stages Associate Artistic Director, Christopher Burney. In 2010 Next to Normal received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, in the following table, the seasons correspond to the year of the plays production, the ceremonies are traditionally held in the same or the following year as the production. Entries with a blue background have won the award, those with a background are the nominees. Winners Nominees Notes Official website Lortel Archives Tony Kizer Theatre at the Internet off-Broadway Database McGinn-Cazale Theatre at the Internet off-Broadway Database
34.
The Slab Boys Trilogy
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The Slab Boys Trilogy is a set of three plays by the Scottish playwright John Byrne. The trilogy was known as Paisley Patterns. The three plays which make up the trilogy are, The Slab Boys, Cuttin a Rug, the trilogy tells the story of a group of young, urban, working-class Scots during the period 1957–1972. The Slab Boys Trilogy was revived in 2003 by the Traverse Theatre starring Paul Thomas Hickey and this is the first time that the Traverse Theatre have ever done a revival and it was received to great critical success. In April 2008, the Traverse Theatre premièred Nova Scotia, the part of The Slab Boys story which follows the characters of Phil, Spanky. In The Slab Boys, all the takes place in the morning. The scene is the Slab Room of Carpet Manufacturers A. F. Stobo & Co. of Paisley, a town near Glasgow, Scotland. The company was based on Stoddards carpet factory in Elderslie near Paisley, the slab room is a small, paint-spattered dungeon where the apprentice designers, Phil, Spanky, and Hector, mix and grind colours for the design department. Coping with this task requires them to have a strong sense of humour. The Slab Boys was premiered at the Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh in 1978, the production received an Outer Critics Circle Award. The Slab Boys was released as a film in 1997, directed by the author and it starred Anna Massey, Tom Watson and Julie Wilson Nimmo. The Slab Boys is set in the Slab Room of A. F. Stobo & Co and this story focuses on a handful of young people who have to grow up fast in the tough working-class culture of 1950s industrial Scotland. The play is set in 1957, the year Byrne worked in Stoddards carpet factory as a boy. In 1958 he was accepted to the Art School, unlike the character Phil McCann and he described the factory as a ‘technicolour hell hole’. Byrne was raised in Ferguslie Park, Paisley not far from the carpet factory, the opening scene introduces the three incumbent slab boys bantering away on a Friday morning. Phil and Spanky are the Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid of the room and Hector is the target. Enter, Mr. Curry, the boss, who is trying to shame Phil. Unfortunately, Phil and Spanky are far too clever to fall for that old ruse and he used to be a slab boy, but has come up in the world and is now a designer
35.
Sean Penn
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Sean Justin Penn is an American actor, filmmaker, and political activist. He has won two Academy Awards, for his roles in the mystery drama Mystic River and the biopic Milk, Penn began his acting career in television with a brief appearance in episode 112 of Little House on the Prairie, directed by his father Leo Penn. He became known as a prominent leading actor with the drama Dead Man Walking, for which he earned his first Academy Award nomination, Penn made his feature film directorial debut with The Indian Runner, followed by the drama film The Crossing Guard and the mystery film The Pledge. Penn directed one of the 11 segments of 110901 September 11 and his fourth feature film, the biographical drama survival movie Into the Wild, garnered critical acclaim and two Academy Award nominations. In January 2016, Penn published an interview with Mexican drug lord Joaquín El Chapo Guzmán in Rolling Stone, Penn was born in Los Angeles County, California, to actor and director Leo Penn, and actress Eileen Ryan. His older brother is musician Michael Penn and his younger brother, actor Chris Penn, died in 2006. His paternal grandparents were Ashkenazi Jewish emigrants from Lithuania and Russia, while his mother is a Catholic of Irish, Penn was raised in a secular home and attended Santa Monica High School. He began making films with some of his childhood friends, including actors Emilio Estevez and Charlie Sheen. Penn appeared in a 1974 episode of the Little House on the Prairie television series as an extra when his father, Leo, Penn launched his film career with the action-drama Taps, where he played a military high school cadet. A year later, he appeared in the hit comedy Fast Times at Ridgemont High, in the role of surfer-stoner Jeff Spicoli, next, Penn appeared as Mick OBrien, a troubled youth, in the drama Bad Boys. The role earned Penn favorable reviews and jump-started his career as a serious actor, Penn played Andrew Daulton Lee in the film The Falcon and the Snowman, which closely followed an actual criminal case. Lee was a drug dealer by trade, convicted of espionage for the Soviet Union and originally sentenced to life in prison. Penn starred in the drama At Close Range which received critical acclaim and he stopped acting for a few years in the early 1990s, having been dissatisfied with the industry, and focused on making his directing debut. The Academy Awards first recognized his work in nominating him for playing a racist murderer on death row in the drama film Dead Man Walking and he was nominated again for his comedic performance as an egotistical jazz guitarist in the film Sweet and Lowdown. He received his nomination after portraying a mentally handicapped father in I am Sam. Penn finally won for his role in the Boston crime-drama Mystic River, in 2004, Penn played Samuel Bicke, a character based on Samuel Byck, who in 1974 attempted and failed to assassinate President Richard Nixon, in The Assassination of Richard Nixon. The same year, he was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts, next, Penn portrayed governor Willie Stark in an adaptation of Robert Penn Warrens classic 1946 American novel All the Kings Men. The film was a critical and commercial failure, named by a 2010 Forbes article as the biggest flop in the last five years, the film also earned Penn his fifth nomination and second win for the Academy Award for Best Actor
36.
Val Kilmer
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Val Edward Kilmer is an American actor. Originally a stage actor, Kilmer became popular in the mid-1980s after a string of appearances in comedy films, then the cult classic Real Genius, as well as the military action film Top Gun and the fantasy film Willow. Kilmer was born December 31,1959, in Los Angeles, the son of Gladys Swanette and Eugene Dorris Kilmer and his parents divorced in 1968 when he was 8 years old. In 1977 Kilmers younger brother Wesley drowned in a pool at age 15. Kilmers grandfather was a miner in New Mexico, near the border with Arizona. His mother was of Swedish descent and his fathers ancestry included English, Scots-Irish, French and German. Kilmer attended Berkeley Hall School, a Christian Science school in Los Angeles and he attended Chatsworth High School with Kevin Spacey and Mare Winningham, and also attended the Hollywood Professional School. He became the youngest person at the time to be accepted into the Juilliard Schools Drama Division, on May 5,2012, Kilmer was awarded an honorary doctorate of Fine Arts from William Woods University. In 1981, while at Juilliard, Kilmer co-authored and starred in the play How It All Began, Kilmer turned down a role in Francis Ford Coppolas 1983 film The Outsiders, as he had prior theatre commitments. In 1983 he appeared off Broadway in The Slab Boys with Kevin Bacon, also in 1983, Kilmer self-published a collection of his own poetry entitled My Edens After Burns, that included poems inspired by his time with Pfeiffer. The book of poems is difficult to obtain, and expensive, even second-hand copies fetch $300 and his big break came when he received top billing in the comedy spoof of spy movies Top Secret. Where he played an American rock and roll star, Kilmer sang all the songs in the film and released an album under the film characters name, Nick Rivers. While garnering more substantial roles and prestige, he gained a reputation as a ladies man, dating numerous women, some many years older, including Cher. During a brief hiatus, he backpacked throughout Europe before going on to play the character in the 1985 comedy Real Genius. He turned down a role in David Lynchs Blue Velvet before being cast as naval aviator Iceman in the action film Top Gun alongside Tom Cruise, Top Gun grossed a total of $344,700,000 worldwide and made Kilmer a major star. Kilmer starred in the Colorado Shakespeare Festival production of Hamlet]] in 1988, in 1989, Kilmer played the lead in both Kill Me Again, again opposite Whalley, and in TNTs Billy the Kid. After several delays, director Oliver Stone finally started production on the film The Doors, Kilmer spoke with Oliver Stone early on, concerned about what he might want to do with the story because Kilmer didnt believe in or want to promote substance abuse. Kilmer saw Morrison as having picked the wrong heroes, who had different issues, Kilmer saw Morrisons story as one that could be told a thousand different ways and didnt want to tell it by playing the role in the style of drugs, with which Oliver Stone agreed
37.
Barry Levinson
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Barry Levinson is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, and actor. Levinsons best-known works are comedy-drama and drama such as Diner, The Natural, Good Morning, Vietnam, Rain Man, Bugsy. He won the Academy Award for Best Director for his work on Rain Man, Levinson was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Violet Vi and Irvin Levinson, who worked in the furniture and appliance business. His family was of Russian Jewish descent, Levinsons first writing work was for variety shows such as The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine, The Lohman and Barkley Show, The Tim Conway Show, and The Carol Burnett Show. Diner was the first of a series of set in the Baltimore of Levinsons youth. The others were Tin Men, a story of aluminum-siding salesmen in the 1960s starring Richard Dreyfuss and Danny DeVito, the immigrant family saga Avalon and his biggest hit, both critically and financially, was Rain Man, a sibling drama starring Dustin Hoffman and Tom Cruise. The film won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director and it also won the Golden Bear at the 39th Berlin International Film Festival. Another of his films is the popular period baseball drama The Natural. Redford would later direct Quiz Show and cast Levinson as television personality Dave Garroway, Levinson also directed the classic war comedy Good Morning, Vietnam, starring Robin Williams, with whom he later collaborated on the fantasy Toys and the political comedy Man of the Year. Levinson also directed the critically acclaimed crime drama Bugsy, which starred Warren Beatty and was nominated for ten Academy Awards. He directed Dustin Hoffman again in Wag the Dog, a political comedy co-starring Robert De Niro about a war staged in a film studio, the film won the Silver Bear – Special Jury Prize at the 48th Berlin International Film Festival. Levinson partnered with producer Mark Johnson to form the production company Baltimore Pictures. The two parted ways in 1994 and he has a television production company with Tom Fontana and served as executive producer for a number of series, including Homicide, Life on the Street and the HBO prison drama Oz. Levinson also played a main role as a judge in the short-lived TV series The Jury. Levinson published his first novel, Sixty-Six, in 2003, like several of his films, it is semi-autobiographical and set in Baltimore in the 1960s. He directed two webisodes of the American Express ads The Adventures of Seinfeld and Superman, in 2004, Levinson was the recipient of the Austin Film Festivals Distinguished Screenwriter Award. Levinson directed a documentary PoliWood about the 2008 Democratic and Republican National Conventions, the documentary, produced by Tim Daly, Robin Bronk and Robert E. Baruc, had its premiere at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival. Levinson is in production on a film based on Whitey Bulger, in September 2013, Levinson was set to direct the film titled Rock the Kasbah, written by Mitch Glazer
38.
Diner (film)
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Diner is a 1982 American comedy-drama written and directed by Barry Levinson. The film is Levinsons screen directing debut, and the first of Levinsons four Baltimore Films set in his hometown during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s, Diner, Tin Men, Avalon, and Liberty Heights. The title refers to the Hilltop Diner, located at Reisterstown Road and Rogers Avenue, Baltimore, however, the Hilltop had been converted into a liquor store so the location in the film is in the Canton section of Baltimore. An element of the story includes the Baltimore Colts winning the 1959 NFL Championship Game, the semi-autobiographical film explores the changing relationships among these friends as they become adults through what is mostly a series of vignettes rather than a traditional narrative. Levinson encouraged improvisation among his cast to capture realistic camaraderie, the film inspired a 1983 CBS television pilot written and directed by Levinson. Mike Binder starred as Eddie, Paul Reiser returned as Modell, Michael Madsen took over as Boogie, a stage musical, with the book by Levinson and music by Sheryl Crow is being prepared, with plans for a Broadway production, originally opening in Autumn 2013. Kathleen Marshall is the director and choreographer, a creative workshop reading was held in December 2011, directed by Kathleen Marshall. A previously announced premiere at the Curran Theatre in San Francisco in October 2012 to November 2012 was cancelled, instead, the musical had a staged workshop in New York and then was expected to open on Broadway in April 2013. Holding themselves to uncompromising standards they happily discovered that their answer was yes, the musical opened at the Signature Theatre, Arlington, Virginia, in December 2014 through January 2015, with direction and choreography by Kathleen Marshall. Crow said, And to think we are going to premiere it so close to Baltimore, where the took place, at Signature Theatre. The cast for the Signature premiere included Matthew James Thomas as Fenwick, the film received positive reviews and currently has a 91% Fresh rating on review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes based on 34 reviews. Levinson also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay, the film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists,2000, AFIs 100 Years.100 Laughs – #57 Notes Diner at the Internet Movie Database Diner at Rotten Tomatoes
39.
Steve Guttenberg
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Steven Robert Steve Guttenberg is an American actor, author, businessman, producer, and director. He starred in 1984s Police Academy, after which he had starring roles in Hollywood films of the 1980s, including Cocoon, Three Men and a Baby. Guttenberg was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Ann Iris, an assistant, and Jerome Stanley Guttenberg. He had a Jewish upbringing in North Massapequa, New York, during high school, he attended a summer program at the Juilliard School where he studied under John Houseman, and he won a role in an off-Broadway production of The Lion in Winter. After his high school graduation, he moved to California to pursue an acting career, Guttenberg left for LA with $300 in his pocket, salami from his mother, and his fathers briefcase. As Guttenberg recounts, within weeks he was cast in a Kentucky Fried Chicken commercial playing opposite Colonel Sanders, Guttenbergs film career has spanned nearly four decades. In that time, he has served as an actor, director and his production company, Mr. Kirby Productions, is named after Gerald J. Kirby, his high school drama teacher. Guttenbergs first credit was the role in the 1977 California high school comedy The Chicken Chronicles. The picture, set in Beverly Hills in the Spring of 1969, was not a big box-office success and he also appeared in the 1978 film The Boys From Brazil, based on the Ira Levin best seller. In 1980 Guttenberg starred in the Nancy Walker-directed-Allan Carr produced movie Cant Stop the Music—a semi-autobiographical movie about the disco group Village People, in the 1980s, Guttenberg starred in three film franchises, Police Academy, Cocoon, and Three Men and a Baby. He also appeared in the films Diner, The Bedroom Window, Short Circuit, Guttenberg was seen less during the 1990s. He starred in It Takes Two with Kirstie Alley and Mary-Kate and he also starred alongside Kirsten Dunst in Disneys Tower of Terror, based on the attraction at the Disneys Hollywood Studios at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. His first film as director/producer/co-screenwriter/star was P. S and your Cat Is Dead, a film adaptation of a novel and Broadway play by James Kirkwood, Jr. He starred in Mojave Phone Booth as Barry, and Making Change as Trafton, in Single Santa Seeks Mrs. Claus and its sequel Meet the Santas, he played the starring role of Nick. During an interview on November 4,2009, Guttenberg mentioned that Disney was developing a sequel to Three Men and a Baby, entitled Three Men. Guttenberg stated that his co-stars, Ted Danson and Tom Selleck, Guttenberg also mentioned how he would like to make another Police Academy and Cocoon movie, saying they are surefire hits if they were to be made. In an interview published August 1,2010, Guttenberg revealed that David Diamond, eight days later, actor Bobcat Goldthwait released a statement urging Hollywood to reboot the Police Academy series with a new group of actors instead of the original cast members. Guttenbergs television films include the critically acclaimed Miracle on Ice, To Race the Wind, Something for Joey, prior to becoming well known, Guttenberg played the title role in the short-lived 1979 sitcom Billy as a teenage boy with a Walter Mitty complex
