1.
Governor of Iowa
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The Governor of Iowa is the chief executive of the U. S. state of Iowa. The governor is the head of the branch of Iowas state government and is charged with enforcing state laws. The governor has the power to approve or veto bills passed by the Iowa State Legislature, to convene the legislature. The governor is also the commander-in-chief of the military forces. There have been 41 governors of Iowa, the longest-serving governor is Terry Branstad, who served from 1983 to 1999, was elected again in 2010 and took office on January 14,2011. He is the governor in U. S. history. The shortest-serving governor was Robert D. Fulton, who served 16 days, for the period before Iowa Territory was formed, see the list of Governors of Wisconsin Territory. Iowa Territory was formed on July 4,1838, from Wisconsin Territory and it had three governors appointed by the President of the United States. The first governor did not arrive for six weeks after the territory had created, in the interim. The southeast portion of Iowa Territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Iowa on December 3,1846, the first state constitution of 1846 created the office of governor, to have a four-year term, with no specific start date for the term. The original constitution of 1857 reduced this term to two years, but an amendment in 1972 increased this back to four years. The 1857 constitution set the start of the term to the second Monday in the January following the election, the office of lieutenant governor was created in the 1857 constitution, elected for the same term as the governor. An amendment in 1988 specified that the lieutenant governor would be elected on the ticket as the governor. If the office of governor becomes vacant, the office devolves upon the lieutenant governor for the remainder of the term or vacancy, prior to 1857, if the office of governor became vacant, the state secretary of state would act as governor. There is no limit on the number of terms a governor may serve. Parties Democratic Whig Republican As of January 2017, there are four former U. S. governors of Iowa who are living at this time. The most recent U. S. governor of Iowa to die was Leo Hoegh, the most recently serving U. S. governor of Iowa to die was Harold Hughes, on October 23,1996. General Constitutions Specific List of Governors of Iowa at NNDB. com Governor of Iowa
2.
Terry Branstad
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Terry Edward Branstad is an American politician who is the 42nd Governor of Iowa, in office since January 2011. Branstad was also the states 39th governor from 1983 to 1999, currently serving his sixth, four-year term, he is a member of the Republican Party. Branstad is the governor in American history. In his 2010 return to politics, Branstad won a primary election for the Republican nomination to run for governor in the general election. He faced incumbent Governor Chet Culver, a Democrat and four party candidates on November 2,2010. Branstad entered the 2010 Iowa governor race as the front runner for both the primary and general elections, Independent polling in 2009 indicated that his favorability ratings hovered in the 70% range. He was widely seen as the front runner for the Republican nomination and he won the Republican primary with 50. 4% of the popular vote,9.5 percentage points ahead of his nearest competitor. In the election on November 4,2014, Branstad was elected to an unprecedented sixth term as Iowa governor. On December 14,2015, he became the governor in U. S. history. On December 8,2016, Branstad accepted President Donald Trumps nomination of him for the post of United States Ambassador to China. Should he take office as China Ambassador, Lt. Gov. Kim Reynolds will replace Branstad as Iowa Governor, Branstad was born in Leland, Iowa, the son of Rita L. and Edward Arnold Branstad, a farmer. His mother was Jewish, and his father was from a Norwegian American Lutheran family, Branstad himself was raised Lutheran, through his mother, Branstad is a second cousin of Supreme Court nominee Merrick Garland. Branstad received a bachelor of arts in political science from the University of Iowa in 1969 and a juris doctorate from Drake University Law School in 1974. Branstad served three terms in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1973 to 1979 and served as the 41st Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 1979 to 1983, the year he was elected Governor of Iowa. When elected governor at age 36, Branstad was the youngest chief executive in Iowa’s history and he served as Chairman of the National Governors Association during 1989–1990, and also was Chair of the Midwestern Governors Association. In 1997, he chaired the Education Commission of the States, the Republican Governors Association, in 1983, he vetoed a bill that would allow a state lottery. Iowa’s unemployment rate went from 8. 5% when he took office to a record low 2. 5% by the time he left office in 1999, in his first year as governor, the state budget had a $90 million deficit. It took several years until the budget was balanced and he said that he did not have enough support in the legislature to approve budget reforms until 1992
3.
Patty Judge
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Patty Jean Poole Judge is an American politician who had served as the Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 2007 to 2011, and previously the Iowa Secretary of Agriculture from 1999 to 2007. She unsuccessfully ran for re-election as Lieutenant Governor in 2010 after being elected to the office in 2006 with Chet Culver as Governor. On March 4,2016, she announced her candidacy for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate seat currently held by Chuck Grassley. She lost the 2016 Iowa Senate election to incumbent Chuck Grassley, Secretary Judge was born in Fort Madison, Iowa. She graduated from Albia High School and she received a Registered Nursing degree from Iowa Methodist School of Nursing which merged in the 1960s to be part of St. Lukes Regional Medical Center. She also attended the University of Iowa, as a registered nurse Patty has worked in public health. She developed the first in-service education program and first utilization review program for the Monroe County Hospital, with her interest in economic development she was prompted to earn a real estate brokers license and set up a small business specializing in the selling and appraising of farms. During the farm crisis of the 1980s she was a mediator for the Iowa Farmer Creditor Mediation Service, Judge is a lifelong resident of southern Iowa. She was raised in Albia, Iowa and she and her husband John have owned a cow-calf farm in Monroe County for thirty-five years. Her husband also served in the Iowa Senate and they have three sons and four grandchildren. In 2011 Judges son Joe, a High School U. S. Joe was unsuccessful in this attempt, Secretary Judge was elected to the Iowa State Senate from Iowas 46th District in 1992 and then re-elected in 1996. During her time in the Senate she served in the roles of Assistant Majority Leader and she was the Ranking Member of the Agriculture Committee. Other committees she served on were the Senate Natural Resources, Ways and Means, Appropriations, Small Business and Economic Development, Judge was first elected to the office of Iowa Secretary of Agriculture in 1998 and then re-elected in 2002. She holds the honor of being the first woman to serve as Iowa Secretary of Agriculture, Patty brought to the office a strong background in production agriculture, personnel management, finance, and the management of state government. On November 7,2006, she was elected Lieutenant Governor of Iowa, Culver and Judge lost in their bid for re-election in 2010. Judge announced on December 30,2012, that she declined to run for lieutenant governor in 2014, in 2015, Judge was appointed the Co-Chair of a new bi-partisan PAC whose sole purpose is to make candidates visiting Iowa aware of the need for the Renewable Fuel Standard. Judge has long seen as a champion of Agricultural issues. Judge has since met with potential candidates to show them the importance of the RFS
4.
Iowa Senate
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The Iowa Senate is the upper house of the Iowa General Assembly. There are 50 seats in the Iowa Senate, representing 50 single-member districts across the state populations of approximately 60,927 per constituency. Each Senate district is composed of two House districts, the Senate meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines. Unlike the lower house, the Iowa House of Representatives, Senators serve four-year terms, there are no term limits for the Senate. The President of the Senate presides over the body, whose powers include referring bills to committee, recognizing members during debate, unlike the more powerful Speaker of the Iowa House of Representatives, the Senate President cannot appoint committee chairmanships or shuffle committee memberships. The Lieutenant Governor of Iowa was the officer of the Senate until 1988. The other partisan Senate leadership positions, such as the Majority and Minority leaders, are elected by their party caucuses to head their parties in the chamber. The President of the Senate is Republican Jack Whitver of the 19th District, the Majority Leader is Republican Bill Dix of the 25th District. The Minority Leader is Democratic Rob Hogg of the 33rd District, samuel J. Kirkwood, two time Governor of Iowa, two time U. S. Senator, U. S. Secretary of the Interior. Tom Vilsack, Governor of Iowa from 1999 to 2007, briefly Democratic candidate for the President of the United States in 2008, george A. Wilson, Governor of Iowa from 1939 to 1943. Patty Judge, Iowa Secretary of Agriculture from 1999 to 2007, Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 2007 to 2011 Steve King, current U. S. House Representative, Senator who has been serving since 2015
5.
Jeff Angelo
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Jeff M. Angelo was the Iowa State Senator from the 48th District. He served in the Iowa Senate 1997–2009 and was an assistant minority leader, Angelo was re-elected in 2004 with 14,981 votes, defeating Democratic opponent Steve Waterman. On September 17,2007, he announced would not seek re-election in 2008, Angelo is married to his wife Debbie and together they have two children and live in downtown Des Moines Iowa. In 1984, Angelo received his PA from Lutheran Broadcast Center
6.
Joni Ernst
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Joni Kay Ernst /ˈdʒoʊni ˈɜːrnst/ is an American politician who is the junior United States Senator from Iowa, elected in the November 2014 election. She previously served as a Republican member of the Iowa Senate from 2011 to 2014, Ernst is the first woman to represent Iowa in the United States Congress and the first female veteran from any state to serve in the United States Senate. Ernst was born Joni Kay Culver in Montgomery County, Iowa and she was valedictorian of her class at Stanton High School. Ernst earned a degree in psychology from Iowa State University. While in college, Ernst took part in an exchange to the Soviet Union. Ernst served as officer and attained the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Iowa National Guard. Near the end of her career, she served as the officer of the 185th Combat Sustainment Support Battalion at Camp Dodge. Upon her retirement from the military in 2015, Ernst had served 23 years between the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard and she spent 12 months in Kuwait in 2003–04 as the company commander of the 1168th Transportation Company during the Iraq War. Ernst was elected the Montgomery County Auditor in 2004 and re-elected in 2008, Ernst was elected to the Iowa State Senate in a special election in 2011 and re-elected in 2012. She represented District 12, which serves the southwest part of the state, Ernst was a member of the Education, Appropriations, Veterans Affairs, Rules and Administration and Health and Human Services committees of the Iowa State Senate. Following her election to the U. S. Senate, she resigned from the Iowa State Senate effective November 28,2014, in July 2013, Ernst announced that she would seek the Senate seat held by retiring Democratic Senator Tom Harkin. Ernst received the endorsement of Iowa Lieutenant Governor Kim Reynolds in October 2013 and she was also endorsed by 23 current and former state legislators. In March the Ernst campaign was endorsed by former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, in May 2014, she was endorsed by the U. S. Chamber of Commerce. After it aired, a Suffolk University poll in early April showed her with a narrow lead, by May, she was being described by the media as the strong front-runner. Ernst stated, If had any sort of service like I have, I have not been AWOL, I will never be AWOL. The other 105 missed votes represented 57 percent of the Iowa Senate votes that session, on October 23, Ernst cancelled a scheduled meeting with the Des Moines Registers editorial board, citing as a reason the newspapers negative editorials about her. The newspapers editorial board endorsed Ernsts opponent, Democrat Bruce Braley, on June 16,2014, in an event organized by Americans for Prosperity, at a panel titled The Senate, A Window of Policy Opportunity for Principled Leaders, Ernst thanked the group for its fundraising. In July 2014, Ernsts campaigning was temporarily paused while she participated in two weeks of National Guard duty, on August 29, Ernst and Braley announced their agreement to hold three televised debates in Davenport, Des Moines, and Sioux City
7.
St. Charles, Iowa
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St. Charles is a city in Madison County, Iowa, United States. The population was 653 at the 2010 census and it is part of the Des Moines–West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area. St. Charles was platted in 1852 and it was named after the city of St. Charles, Missouri. St. Charles was incorporated as a city in 1876, St. Charles is located at 41°17′16″N 93°48′29″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 0.54 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 653 people,258 households, the population density was 1,209.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 270 housing units at a density of 500.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 97. 1% White,1. 7% African American, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 5% of the population. 23. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age in the city was 35.9 years. 28. 9% of residents were under the age of 18,5. 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24,26. 8% were from 25 to 44,25. 4% were from 45 to 64, and 13% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49. 3% male and 50. 7% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 619 people,246 households, and 171 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,101.6 people per square mile, there were 253 housing units at an average density of 450.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 99. 52% White,0. 16% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 81% of the population. 26. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.08. In the city, the population was out with 28. 6% under the age of 18,6. 6% from 18 to 24,32. 3% from 25 to 44,20. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 105.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males, the median income for a household in the city was $42,333, and the median income for a family was $45,000
8.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
9.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution and it was founded by anti-slavery activists, modernists, ex-Whigs, and ex-Free Soilers in 1854. The Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern States for most of the period between 1860 and 1932, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883
10.
Terrace Hill
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Terrace Hill, also known as Hubbell Mansion, Benjamin F. Allen House, and Iowa Governors Mansion, is the official residence of the Governor of Iowa. Located at 2300 Grand Avenue in Des Moines, Iowa, it is an example of Second Empire architecture, the home measures 18,000 square feet. It sits on a hill overlooking downtown Des Moines, and has a 90-foot tower that offers a view of the city. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2003, Terrace Hill was built by Benjamin Franklin Allen, the first millionaire in Iowa, as a home for his family. The architect for this project was William Boyington, a popular Chicago architect, construction began in 1866, and was finished in 1869. The total cost of the project was $250,000 for the Mansion, the Carriage House, the original furnishings, the house had very modern features for its time, which included hot and cold running water, indoor restrooms, an elevator, and gas lights. When the house was first built, it was on the edge of Des Moines. As a result, Terrace Hill is now nearly in the center of the city, from the time Iowa became a state in 1846 until 1947, no official residence was provided for the Governor aside from Governor William L. Harding. At first the Iowa government considered building a new home to serve as the Governors residence, the Hubbell family—the owners of Terrace Hill—then offered the home to the state for use as a residence for the Governor and his family. In the fall of 1976, Robert D, Ray became the first Governor to use Terrace Hill as his residence when he moved there with his wife Billie Ray and their three daughters. Governors Terry Branstad, Tom Vilsack, and Chet Culver have occupied Terrace Hill since then, Terrace Hill is located at 2300 Grand Avenue, south of Interstate 235. Most visitors stop first at the Carriage House, which is located near the house, nowadays the building is used as a reception area for most visitors who arrive to tour the home. It also contains permanent and unique changing exhibits - such as a permanent display on the owners of the house. The first floor of Terrace Hill is a formal area, the rooms on the first floor were used often for reception of important guests, a tradition which continues. The Vestibule is the area to the mansion. Formerly, a servant would greet guests in the Vestibule and they would enter through two sets of doors there that weigh more than 200 pounds each. From there, guests would be taken to the Reception Room, guests would wait while their presence was announced to the owners, and the host or hostess would greet them in that room. Across the hall is the Drawing Room, at one time it was used for weddings and funerals of the homes residents
11.
Northwest Missouri State University
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Northwest Missouri State University is a state university in Maryville, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1905 as a college, it offers both undergraduate and graduate programs. The campus, based on the design for Forest Park at the 1904 St. Louis Worlds Fair, is the official Missouri State Arboretum, the school is governed by a state-appointed Board of Regents and headed by President Dr. John Jasinski. The Northwest Bearcats compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association and Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association for mens and womens sports and they have won six NCAA Division II football national championships and finished four times as runner-up. The Northwest Bearcats cheerleading squad have won three Universal Cheerleaders Association Division II National Champions, the Northwest Bearcat Mens Basketball team has won one national championship. Becoming the first Division II school to win both a football and basketball championship in the academic year. In 1905 the Missouri Legislature created five districts in the state to establish normal schools, Maryville won the competition for the Northwest district with an offer to donate 86 acres and $58,000 on the site of a Methodist Seminary. The other districts in the network were to be at Kirksville, Cape Girardeau, Springfield, the original mission of the school, initially known as the Fifth District Normal School, was to teach elementary school teachers. Classes began on June 13,1906 with a lab school teaching Maryvilles children in kindergarten through third grade, the school was later expanded to a full-fledged high school before dropping back to its current configuration of kindergarten through sixth grade. In 1919 the school was renamed Northwest Missouri State Teachers College, in 1949 the name was shrunk to Northwest Missouri State College by the Board of Regents. In 1969, Missouri Governor Warren Hearnes pushed for switching St. Joseph Junior College from a school into a four-year state college. Opening a new state school within 45 miles of Maryville was perceived in Maryville as an attempt to kill the school. Those fears came to the forefront in 1988 when Shalia Aery, commissioner of education under Governor John Ashcroft. On August 14,1972, Northwest was elevated to university status so that it could offer masters degrees and its name changed to Northwest Missouri State University. The university currently holds four Missouri Quality Awards, granted in 1997,2001,2005, Northwest is the only educational institution to receive multiple Missouri Quality Awards. In 1987, Northwest unveiled its Electronic Campus Program, the first such program among public U. S. colleges, the campus design was inspired by the Forest Park design for the 1904 St. Louis Worlds Fair which evolved into the campus for Washington University. In 1993 the state legislature designated Northwest the official Missouri State Arboretum, the defining landmark of the campus is the Administration Building, very similar to Brookings Hall at Washington University in St. Louis. Brookings Hall served as the Administration Building of the 1904 St. Louis Worlds Fair, the master St. Louis design was created by Cope & Stewardson, famed for designing schools throughout the country based on the Oxford University style
12.
Upper Iowa University
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The university offers distance education programs that include 15 centers in the U. S. an online program, an independent study program, and centers in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia. UIU has a student enrollment of more than 6,000 students with a 24,1 student-to-faculty ratio. It operates on two terms per semester, allowing students to take two classes per term. UIU is the only NCAA Division II Athletics Program in the state of Iowa and a member of the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference. In 1854, Elizabeth Alexander, a living near what is now Fayette, Iowa, proposed the idea of a college to her husband, Robert. Their son-in-law, Samuel Robertson, donated $5,000 and 10 acres of land, in 1856, the first Board of Trustees meeting was held, articles of Incorporation were adopted, and classes began January 7,1857. The university was affiliated with the Methodist Church until 1928, in 1861, a company of male students and faculty members enlisted in the Army to fight in the American Civil War. Student-soldiers participated in 17 major battles, carrying a flag hand-sewn by UIU women students, by 1920, a systematic program of extension work throughout northeast Iowa had begun, with Upper Iowa referred to as a pioneer in the field. Those students who joined the service to fight in World War II took advantage of the G. I, bill to complete their education, which dramatically increased Upper Iowa enrollment between 1947 and 1950. Record enrollments were also seen after the Vietnam War, in 1972, Upper Iowa launched an external degree program that included Independent Study and Online Programs. In 1984 to present, UIU expanded to locations across the U. S. It was also during 1994 to 2003 that UIU underwent an aggressive landscaping and building renovation that brought changes to its Fayette campus and this included the construction of Lee Tower Residence Halls, the acquisition of a new physical plant building and the construction of a recreation center. In 2004, the new Andres Center for Business and Education was built, Upper Iowas traditional 100-acre residential campus is in Fayette, Iowa. Fayette County is ranked at 26th in the Midwest list of “Best Places to Live, the Fayette campus is primarily for undergraduate students, but a masters degree in education is also offered, along with two-week IXEL classes in the summer. Students can choose from 40 majors, with the most popular being Elementary Education and Teaching, Marketing/Marketing Management, General, the Pleggenkuhle Prairie, donated by the Pleggenkuhle family to UIU, is 3 acres of virgin prairie northwest of Hawkeye. It is used as a tool for students to learn about the prairie ecosystem and to conduct prescribed burns. The academic facilities on the Fayette campus are state-of-the-art due to a renovation of the old buildings over the past decade. The Fayette campus has free wireless Internet access, the recreational facilities include free student events, a free fitness center, and free golf at the local 18-hole course
13.
Iowa State University
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Iowa State University of Science and Technology is a public flagship land-grant and space-grant research university located in Ames, Iowa, United States. Iowa State is classified as a Research University with very high activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Iowa State is also a member of the Association of American Universities, Iowa State has also been designated an Innovation and Economic Prosperity University, a designation awarded to only 54 public universities in the U. S. D. Level, plus a degree program in Veterinary Medicine. Iowa State Universitys athletic teams, the Cyclones, compete in Division I of the NCAA and are a member of the Big 12 Conference. The Cyclones field 16 varsity teams and have won numerous NCAA national championships, in 1856, the Iowa General Assembly enacted legislation to establish the Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm. This institution was established on March 22,1858, by the General Assembly. Story County was chosen as the location on June 21,1859, beating proposals from Johnson, Kossuth, Marshall, the original farm of 648 acres was purchased for a cost of $5,379. Iowa was the first state in the nation to accept the provisions of the Morrill Act of 1862, Iowa subsequently designated Iowa State as the land-grant college on March 29,1864. From the start, Iowa Agricultural College focused on the ideals that higher education should be accessible to all and these ideals are integral to the land-grant university. The institution was coeducational from the first preparatory class admitted in 1868, the formal admitting of students began the following year, and the first graduating class of 1872 consisted of 24 men and two women. The Farm House, the first building on the Iowa State campus, was completed in 1861 before the campus was occupied by students or classrooms. It became the home of the superintendent of the Model Farm and in later years, Iowa States first president, Adonijah Welch, briefly stayed at the Farm House and penned his inaugural speech in a second floor bedroom. The colleges first farm tenants primed the land for agricultural experimentation, the Iowa Experiment Station was one of the universitys prominent features. Practical courses of instruction were taught, including one designed to give a training for the career of a farmer. Courses in mechanical, civil, electrical, and mining engineering were also part of the curriculum, in 1870, President Welch and I. P. Robert, professor of agriculture, held three-day farmers institutes at Cedar Falls, Council Bluffs, Washington, and Muscatine. These became the earliest institutes held off-campus by a land grant institution and were the forerunners of 20th century extension, in 1872, the first courses were given in domestic economy and were taught by Mary B. Iowa State became the first land grant university in the nation to offer training in economy for college credit
14.
Iowa elections, 2014
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A general election was held in the U. S. state of Iowa on November 4,2014. Primary elections were held on June 3,2014, incumbent Republican Governor Terry Branstad ran for re-election to a second consecutive and sixth overall term as governor. He was challenged in the Republican primary by Tom Hoefling, a political activist, State Senator Jack Hatch is running for the Democrats. In Iowa, nominees for lieutenant governor are chosen at party conventions and they then run on a ticket with the gubernatorial nominee. Incumbent Republican Lieutenant Governor Kim Reynolds is running for re-election to a term in office. Attorney and lobbyist Adam Gregg is running for the Republicans, incumbent Republican Secretary of State Matt Schultz, who has served in the position since 2011, did not run for re-election to a second term in office. He instead ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for Iowas 3rd congressional district, former Republican Secretary of State Paul Pate and Democratic political consultant and former gubernatorial aide Brad Anderson are running. Incumbent Democratic State Treasurer Michael Fitzgerald, who has served in the position since 1983, is running for re-election to a term in office. The Republican nominee is Sam Clovis, a radio host who finished second in the Senate primary, attorney and former Des Moines School Board member Jon Neiderbach is running for the Democrats. Incumbent Republican Secretary of Agriculture Bill Northey, who has served in the position since 2007, is running for re-election to a term in office. Polk County Soil and Water Conservation District Commissioner Sherrie Taha is running for the Democrats, incumbent Democratic Senator Tom Harkin is retiring rather than run for re-election to a sixth term in office. Representative Bruce Braley is the only Democratic to file to run, all of Iowas four seats in the United States House of Representatives will be up for election in 2014 and are contested. The 25 odd-numbered Iowa Senate seats are up for election in 2014, such candidates file during the general election filing period, which runs from July 28 – August 15,2014
15.
Clarke County, Iowa
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Clarke County is a county located in the U. S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,286, the county was formed on January 13,1846. It was named for James Clarke, a Governor of the Iowa Territory, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 432 square miles, of which 431 square miles is land and 0.6 square miles is water. There were 4,086 housing units, of which 3,701 were occupied, as of the census of 2000, there were 9,133 people,3,584 households, and 2,498 families residing in the county. The population density was 21 people per square mile, there were 3,934 housing units at an average density of 9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 96. 64% White,0. 11% Black or African American,0. 33% Native American,0. 35% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,1. 96% from other races, and 0. 58% from two or more races. 4. 04% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,25. 90% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the family size was 3.01. In the county, the population was out with 26. 30% under the age of 18,7. 60% from 18 to 24,26. 50% from 25 to 44,22. 50% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39 years, for every 100 females there were 97.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.00 males, the median income for a household in the county was $34,474, and the median income for a family was $42,171. Males had an income of $29,648 versus $20,522 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,409, about 6. 20% of families and 8. 50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12. 10% of those under age 18 and 7. 70% of those age 65 or over. Murray Osceola Weldon Woodburn The population ranking of the table is based on the 2010 census of Clarke County. † county seat National Register of Historic Places listings in Clarke County, Iowa
16.
Ranking Member
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In United States politics, a ranking member is the second-most senior member of a congressional or state legislative committee from the majority party. Another usage refers to the most senior member of a congressional or state legislative committee from the minority party and this second usage, often used by the media, should properly be referred to as the ranking minority member. On many committees the ranking minority member, along with the chairman, when party control of a legislative chamber changes, a committees ranking minority member is likely, though not assured, to become the next chairman of the committee, and vice versa. Four Senate committees refer to the ranking minority member as Vice Chairman, the following committees follow the Chairman/Vice Chairman structure for the majority and minority parties
17.
United States Ambassador to China
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The United States Ambassador to China is the chief American diplomat to Peoples Republic of China. The United States has sent diplomatic representatives to China since 1844, commissioners represented the United States in China from 1844 to 1857. Until 1898, the Qing Empire did not have a system in place for the Emperor to accept the Letters of Credence of foreign representatives, from 1858 to 1935, the U. S. representative in China was formally Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to China. The American legation in Nanjing was upgraded to an Embassy in 1935, during the republican era, the U. S. recognized the Beiyang Government in Beijing from 1912 to 1928 and the Nationalist Government in Nanjing from 1928 onwards. However, in 1973, the U. S. established a Liaison Office in Beijing to represent its interests in mainland China, in 1976, the Chief of the Liaison Office was promoted to the rank of Ambassador. In December 1978, the U. S. severed official relations with the Republic of China and in January 1979, Liaison Office in Beijing was upgraded to an embassy on March 1,1979. The American Institute in Taiwan was established in 1979 to serve as the unofficial U. S. representative to Taiwan, jon M. Huntsman, Jr. served as U. S. Ambassador to China from 2009 until April 30,2011. On March 7,2011, President Obama announced his intention to nominate Commerce Secretary Gary Locke as Huntsmans replacement, lockes nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 27,2011 by unanimous consent. On December 18,2013, Politico reported that the White House had selected long-time U. S, senator Max Sieben Baucus from Montana to be the next Ambassador. On February 6,2014, the Senate voted and confirmed Max Baucus to be Ambassador to the Peoples Republic of China, on December 8,2016, Iowa Governor Terry Branstad accepted President Donald Trumps nomination of him for the post of United States Ambassador to China. S. The United States did not recognize the new government of the Peoples Republic of China upon its founding in October 1949, for a list of de facto U. S. Ambassadors to Taiwan since 1979, see list of AIT Directors at American Institute in Taiwan, between May 1973 and March 1979 prior to the official establishment of diplomatic relations, the United States dispatched a head of U. S. The United States established diplomatic relations with the Peoples Republic of China, the American Embassy at Taipei closed February 28,1979, while the American Liaison Office at Beijing was redesignated the American Embassy on March 1,1979. state. gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/index. htm. United States Department of State, Chiefs of Mission for China United States Department of State, China United States Embassy in Beijing
18.
Supreme Court of Iowa
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The Iowa Supreme Court is the highest court in the U. S. state of Iowa. As constitutional head of the Iowa Judicial Branch, the Court is composed of a Chief Justice, the Court holds its regular sessions in Des Moines in the Iowa Judicial Branch Building located at 1111 East Court Avenue on the state Capitol grounds just south of the Iowa State Capitol. In 1846, Iowa became the 29th state to join the United States, following the constitution of the federal government, the powers of the government in Iowa were divided into the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch. The Iowa Constitution of 1857 increased the judicial districts from four to 11, the Iowa Supreme Court is an appellate court. An appellate court decisions of trial courts in which appeals have been allowed. An appellate court does not preside over trials, Appellate court hearings do not involve witnesses, juries, new evidence, or court reporters. Instead, a court reviews the written record of the trial court to determine whether any significant legal errors occurred. The Rules of Appellate Procedure list the requirements for filing an appeal, the seven-member Iowa Supreme Court has many important responsibilities. The Court is the court of last resort or the highest court in the Iowa state court system and its opinions are binding on all other Iowa state courts. The Iowa Supreme Court has the power to admit persons to practice as attorneys in the courts of Iowa, to prescribe rules to supervise attorney conduct. The Court is responsible for promulgating rules of procedure and practice used throughout the state courts, the Iowa Supreme Court has supervisory and administrative control over the judicial branch and over all judicial officers and court employees. Justices are appointed by the governor from a list of nominees submitted by the State Judicial Nominating Commission, a justice serves an initial term of office that is one year after appointment and until January 1 following the next judicial retention election after expiration of such year. The regular term of office of justices retained at election is eight years, a justice must retire upon reaching the age of 72. The justices elect the chief justice, mark Cady is the current Chief Justice on the Court. The Court had three vacancies following the defeat of three justices in the November 2,2010, retention election and those vacancies were filled in February 2011 by the appointments of Edward Mansfield, Thomas D. Waterman, and Bruce Zager. In March 2011, the Court voted for Justice Cady to continue as Chief Justice, the first decision by the Iowa Supreme Court freed a black slave named Ralph in 1858. The US Supreme Court could have followed the Iowa reasoning in the Dred Scott decision, the North Western Union Packet Co. in 1873, ruling against racial discrimination in public accommodations 91 years before the U. S. Supreme Court reached the same decision. On April 3,2009, in Varnum v, at the next judicial retention election in 2010, voters removed all three justices facing reelection
19.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
20.
Chet Culver
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Chester John Chet Culver is American politician who served as the 41st Governor of Iowa, holding the position from 2007 to 2011. He was also elected as the Federal Liaison for the Democratic Governors Association for 2008-2009 and he founded the Chet Culver Group, an energy sector consulting firm, in 2011. Culver was born in Washington, D. C and he is the son of Ann and John Culver, a former U. S. Culver attended Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School in Bethesda, Maryland before attending Virginia Tech on a football scholarship and he earned a B. A. degree in political science in 1988. Later, he received a M. A. degree in Education from Drake University in 1994, after college, Culver moved to Iowa and worked as a staff member for the state Democratic Party. He worked with Bonnie Campbell on her 1990 campaign for attorney general. Culver previously worked as a lobbyist under the guidance of Campbells husband, from 1991 to 1995, Culver worked as a consumer and environmental advocate in the attorney generals office. After completing his masters degree, he took a job as a teacher in Des Moines, working first at Roosevelt High School and then Hoover High School, he taught government and history. Culver coached sophomore football and eighth grade boys basketball during his tenure, in 1998, Culver ran for Iowa Secretary of State and won. At the age of 32, he was the youngest Secretary of State in the United States at the time and he was reelected to a second term in 2002 by a large margin. While serving at this post, he created the Iowa Student Political Awareness Club, during his tenure, Culver received accolades for modernizing the office, increasing voter registration, and ensuring voter accessibility for people with disabilities. In 2005, Culver announced his candidacy for Governor of Iowa, Culvers main opponents for the Democratic nomination were former director of the Iowa Department of Economic Development Mike Blouin and seven-term State Representative Ed Fallon. Secretary of Agriculture Patty Judge was also running for the nomination, Culver won the Democratic primary with 39% of the vote. Culver is also the first Democratic governor in Iowa since Nelson G. Kraschel in 1937 to be elected to succeed another Democrat, Culver ran unsuccessfully for re-election with Incumbent Lieutenant Governor Patty Judge. He was challenged by Republican four-term former governor Terry Branstad, who was running with State Senator Kim Reynolds, one of Culvers first initiatives was to sign legislation easing limits on types of stem cell research in Iowa. The new legislation allows medical researchers to create stem cells through cloning. While allowing for research, it prohibits reproductive cloning of humans. Culver said lifting the ban will give hope to suffering from diseases such as cancer, diabetes, Parkinsons
21.
Voter turnout
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Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election. Eligibility varies by country, and the population should not be confused with the total adult population. Age and citizenship status are often among the criteria used to determine eligibility, after increasing for many decades, there has been a trend of decreasing voter turnout in most established democracies since the 1980s. In general, low turnout is attributed to disillusionment, indifference, low turnout is usually considered to be undesirable. As a result, there have been efforts to increase voter turnout. In spite of significant study into the issue, scholars are divided on the reasons for the decline and its cause has been attributed to a wide array of economic, demographic, cultural, technological, and institutional factors. Different countries have very different voter turnout rates, for example, turnout in the United States 2012 presidential election was about 55%. In both Belgium, which has compulsory voting, and Malta, which not, participation reaches about 95%. The chance of any one vote determining the outcome is low, some studies show that a single vote in a voting scheme such as the Electoral College in the United States has an even lower chance of determining the outcome. Other studies claim that the Electoral College actually increases voting power, Studies using game theory, which takes into account the ability of voters to interact, have also found that the expected turnout for any large election should be zero. Since P is virtually zero in most elections, PB is also near zero, for a person to vote, these factors must outweigh C. Experimental political science has found that even when P is likely greater than zero, enos and Fowler conducted a field experiment that exploits the rare opportunity of a tied election for major political office. Informing citizens that the election to break the tie will be close has little mobilizing effect on voter turnout. Riker and Ordeshook developed the understanding of D. Other political scientists have since added other motivators and questioned some of Riker, all of these concepts are inherently imprecise, making it difficult to discover exactly why people choose to vote. Recently, several scholars have considered the possibility that B includes not only a personal interest in the outcome, note that this motivation is distinct from D, because voters must think others benefit from the outcome of the election, not their act of voting in and of itself. There are philosophical, moral, and practical reasons that people cite for not voting in electoral politics. High voter turnout is often considered to be desirable, though among scientists and economists specializing in public choice
22.
Swing (politics)
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An electoral swing analysis shows the extent of change in voter support, typically from one election to another, expressed as a positive or negative percentage. A multi-party swing is an indicator of a change in the preference between candidates or parties. A swing can be calculated for the electorate as a whole, a swing is particularly useful for analysing change in voter support over time, or as a tool for predicting the outcome of elections in constituency-based systems. A swing is calculated by comparing the percentage of the vote in an election to the percentage of the vote belonging to the same party or candidate at the previous election. One-party swing = Percentage of vote − percentage of vote, examples include the comparison between the 2006 and 2007 Ukrainian Parliamentary elections and the win of AAP in the 2015 Delhi elections. The above charts show the change in support for each of the six major political parties by electoral district. In many nation states media, including in Australia and the United Kingdom, an assumption underlies extrapolated national calculations, that all districts will experience the same swing as shown in a poll or in a places results. The term swing makes reference in Australia, to wit in the voting system. The UK uses the two-party swing, adding one partys increase in share of the vote to the percentage-point fall of another party, so if Party Ones vote rises by 4 points and Party Twos vote falls 5 points, the swing is 4.5 points. For disambiguation suffixes such as, must be added where three parties stand, otherwise a problem when deciding which swing is meant and which swing is best to publish arises where a lower party takes first or second, or where a party loses one of the top two places. By contrast, a state is the direct equivalent of a safe seat. The extent of change in outcome is heavily influenced by the voting system in use. Some websites provide a pie chart based or column-based multi party swingometer where ± x%, ± x%, ± x% and this tool or illustration provides likely outcomes wherever more than two political parties have a significant influence on which politicians are elected
23.
Jack Hatch
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Jack G. Hatch is an Iowa State Senator, business owner and candidate for Governor of Iowa in the 2014 election. A Democrat, Hatch has served in the Iowa Senate since 2003, prior to his election to the Iowa Senate, Hatch served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1985-1993 and 2001-2003. Hatch, who struggled with dyslexia as a child, was born in Hartford, Hatch moved to Des Moines in 1968 as a freshman at Drake University. He graduated from Drake his B. S. in 1972, while a student at Drake, Hatch was elected student body president for the 1971-72 school year. In that school year he founded and organized the Ralph Nader inspired Iowa Student Public Interest Research group, after a petition drive on 13 college and university campuses, ISPIRG became a consumer-led interest group. Today, the still exists as Iowa PIRG. Prior to his election, Hatch organized the largest student volunteer program in the Midwest, the program sent more 750 students per year into inner-city tutoring programs and clinics offering counseling to mental health patients. Upon graduation he received the Orin E. Scott Award for the student of the year. Hatch is married to Sonja Roberts, together they live in the historic Sherman Hill neighborhood of Des Moines. They have two daughters, Reagan,31, who is employed at Wells Fargo, and Caslon,23, who is a reporter for KTUU, Hatch currently represents the 33rd District of the Iowa Senate. His district includes much of the city of Des Moines, Hatch currently serves on the Appropriations committee, the Economic Growth committee, the Human Resources committee, the Labor and Business Relations committee, and the State Government committee. He also chairs the Health and Human Services Appropriations Subcommittee, throughout his career, Hatch has helped write most of Iowas major legislation over the past three decades. Hatch has primarily focused on relating to healthcare, education, children and families. Hatch also led the states health care reform establishing Hawk-i. Hatchs work reforming Iowa’s healthcare system gained him national prominence when, in 2009, in that capacity, he led state legislators, in advising the President and Congress on national proposals for health reform. Hatch was re-elected in 2006 and in 2010, running unopposed both times, in 1997, together with his wife Sonja, Hatch founded Hatch Development Group, a company that builds affordable housing in low-income neighborhoods. Working with neighborhood leaders, city and county officials, lenders and investors, Hatch designed, built, prior to serving in the Iowa Senate, Hatch twice served in the Iowa House of Representatives and served as the state director for U. S. Sen. Tom Harkin. In 2013, Hatch announced his candidacy for Governor of Iowa, Hatch faced Republican incumbent Terry Branstad
24.
Monica Vernon
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Monica Vernon is an American politician. She is a former member of the Cedar Rapids City Council. Vernon was elected to the Cedar Rapids City Council in 2007 as a Republican to represent District 2, in 2009, she switched her party affiliation to the Democratic Party. In 2014, Vernon was defeated in the Democratic primary election for Iowas 1st congressional district and that same year, she was an unsuccessful candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Iowa, running alongside Jack Hatch. In 2016, she won the Democratic nomination in Iowas 1st congressional district and she was defeated by incumbent Republican Rod Blum in the general election. Vernon was born on the Francis E. Warren Air Force Base in Cheyenne and she graduated from Regis Catholic High School in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Vernon attended the University of Iowa and received her B. A. in journalism in 1980, Vernon received her M. B. A. from the Tippie College of Business at the University of Iowa in 1999. She later worked as a professor at the University of Iowa. Vernon worked as director of college relations at Dickinson State University from 1980 to 1981. She was a reporter for The Gazette from 1981 through 1983, from 1983 through 1985, she was the director of public information for Mount Mercy University. From 1985 through 1987, she was a research consultant for Frank N. Magid Associates. In 1987, Vernon founded the Vernon Research Group, a market research firm. Vernon was the president and CEO until it was purchased in 2013 by The Gazette Company. In 2007, Vernon was elected to represent Cedar Rapids 2nd district on the City Council, in 2009, Vernon switched her party registration to the Democratic Party and supported a one cent local option sales and services tax to help with flood recovery. After the Iowa flood of 2008, Vernon, as a member of the city council, in the fall of 2013, Vernon announced she was running for Congress in Iowas 1st congressional district. She came in second behind former Iowa House Speaker Pat Murphy in the primary for the seat vacated by Bruce Braley. That seat was won by Republican Rod Blum. After that loss, in June 2014, Jack Hatch asked Vernon to join him on the Democratic ticket as his lieutenant governor running mate in the Iowa gubernatorial election,2014, Hatch and Vernon ran against Republican incumbent Terry Branstad and lost 59% to 37%
25.
The Des Moines Register
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The Des Moines Register is the daily morning newspaper of Des Moines, Iowa. A separate edition of the Register is sold throughout much of Iowa, the first newspaper in Des Moines, the Iowa Star, was founded in 1849. In 1855, the Iowa Citizen began publication, it was renamed the Iowa State Register in 1860, in 1902, the Register merged with the Des Moines Leader, a descendant of the Star, to become the Des Moines Register and Leader. In 1903, Des Moines banker Gardner Cowles, Sr. purchased the Register and Leader, under the ownership of the Cowles family, the Register became Iowas largest and most influential newspaper, eventually adopting the slogan The Newspaper Iowa Depends Upon. Newspapers were distributed to all four corners of the state by train, during the 1960s, circulation of the Register peaked at nearly 250,000 for the daily edition and 500,000 for the Sunday edition–more than the population of Des Moines at the time. In 1935, the Register & Tribune Company founded radio station KRNT-AM, named after the newspapers nickname, the R n T. In 1955, the company, renamed Cowles Communications some years earlier, founded Des Moines third television station, KRNT-TV, Cowles eventually acquired other newspapers, radio stations and television stations, but almost all of them were sold to other companies by 1985. In 1943, the Register became the first newspaper to sponsor a statewide opinion poll when it introduced the Iowa Poll, Sports coverage was increased under sports editor Garner Sec Taylor – for whom Sec Taylor Field at Principal Park is named – in the 1920s. For many years the Register printed its sports sections on peach-colored paper, another Register tradition – the sponsorship of RAGBRAI – began in 1973 when writer John Karras challenged columnist Donald Kaul to do a border-to-border bicycle ride across Iowa. The liberal-leaning editorial page has brought Donald Kaul back for Sunday opinion columns, other local columns have faded and given way to Gannett-distributed material. In 1985, faced with declining circulation and revenues, the Cowles family sold off its various properties to different owners, at the time of sale, only The New York Times had won more Pulitzer Prizes for national reporting. Many of the Registers news stories and editorials focus on Des Moines, the Register opened a new printing and distribution facility on the south side of Des Moines in 2000. The news & advertising offices remained in downtown Des Moines, the old building was sold in late 2014 and will be redeveloped into a combination of apartments and retail space. In the three decades before the Cowles family acquired the Register in 1903, the Register was a voice of pragmatic conservatism. However, Garner Cowles Sr. who served as a Republican in the Iowa General Assembly and was a delegate to the 1916 Republican National Convention, was an advocate of progressive Republicanism. The new owners presented a variety of viewpoints, including Darling cartoons that frequently made fun of progressive politicians, Garner Cowles Sr. served in the administration of President Herbert Hoover. The publishers strongly supported Republican Wendell Willkies 1940 presidential campaign against Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt, the newspaper also supported Republican Dwight Eisenhowers campaigns for the Republican nomination and general election in 1952, and again in 1956. Although the Register endorsed presidential candidates Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964, Hubert Humphrey in 1968, the paper was a severe critic of George W. Bushs warrantless wiretapping strategy, claiming that in doing so, President Bush has declared war on the American people
26.
DMOZ
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DMOZ was a multilingual open-content directory of World Wide Web links. The site and community who maintained it were known as the Open Directory Project. It was owned by AOL but constructed and maintained by a community of volunteer editors, DMOZ used a hierarchical ontology scheme for organizing site listings. Listings on a similar topic were grouped into categories which included smaller categories. It was announced on February 28,2017 that DMOZ would close down on March 14,2017, DMOZ was founded in the United States as Gnuhoo by Rich Skrenta and Bob Truel in 1998 while they were both working as engineers for Sun Microsystems. Skrenta had developed TASS, an ancestor of tin, the popular threaded Usenet newsreader for Unix systems, the original category structure of the Gnuhoo directory was based loosely on the structure of Usenet newsgroups then in existence. The Gnuhoo directory went live on June 5,1998, then objected to the use of Hoo in the name, prompting a proposed name change, to ZURL. Prior to switching to ZURL, NewHoo was acquired by Netscape Communications Corporation in October 1998, Netscape released Open Directory data under the Open Directory License. Netscape was acquired by AOL shortly thereafter and DMOZ was one of the assets included in the acquisition, by the time Netscape assumed stewardship, the Open Directory Project had about 100,000 URLs indexed with contributions from about 4500 editors. On October 5,1999, the number of URLs indexed by DMOZ reached one million, according to an unofficial estimate, the URLs in DMOZ numbered 1.6 million in April 2000, surpassing those in the Yahoo. DMOZ achieved the milestones of indexing two million URLs on August 14,2000, three million listings on November 18,2001 and four million on December 3,2003. As of April,2013 there were 5,169,995 sites listed in over 1,017,500 categories, on October 31,2015, there were 3,996,412 sites listed in 1,026,706 categories. In January 2006, DMOZ began publishing reports to inform the public about the development of the project. The first report covered the year 2005, monthly reports were issued subsequently until September 2006. These reports gave greater insight into the functioning of the directory than the statistics provided on the front page of the directory. The number of listings and categories cited on the front page included Test and Bookmarks categories, there were about 7330 active editors during August 2006. 75,151 editors had contributed to the directory as of March 31,2007, as of April 2013, the number of contributing editors had increased to 97,584. On October 20,2006, DMOZs main server suffered a failure that prevented editors from working on the directory until December 18,2006
27.
Bob Vander Plaats
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Robert Lee Bob Vander Plaats is an American politician and political activist. He is currently the president and CEO of The Family Leader, a conservative organization. Vander Plaats graduated from Western Christian High School in Hull, Iowa and he later attended Northwestern College in Orange City with a basketball scholarship, graduating and becoming a teacher and coach in Boone and Jefferson high schools. He was principal at Marcus-Meriden-Cleghorn High School and later Sheldon High School, later he earned masters and specialist degrees in the area of Educational Leadership from Drake University. Vander Plaats served as president of Opportunities Unlimited before moving on in the role with MVP Leadership. In 2002, Vander Plaats unsuccessfully ran for the Iowa GOP gubernatorial nomination, Vander Plaats was a candidate for the 2006 Iowa Republican gubernatorial nomination, competing against Iowa Congressman Jim Nussle. As the race progressed, he withdrew his candidacy for Governor in favor of being Nussles running mate in the general election. Calls by GOP party higher-ups for Vander Plaats to get out of the race were due to Vander Plaats reporting only $459,000 cash on hand compared to Nussles $2,500,000. The Republican ticket of Nussle/Vander Plaats lost the election to the Democratic ticket of Culver/Judge and he formally announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination on Labor Day of 2009. In the Iowa gubernatorial election of 2010, incumbent Democratic Governor Chet Culver ran for re-election, the Republican candidates were Vander Plaats, state representative Rod Roberts, and former governor Terry Branstad. Vander Plaats ran on his credentials in the primary. He supported having representatives from “public school, home school and private school on the Iowa Board of Education. ”He also pledged to sign an executive order designed to stop county clerks from handing out marriage licenses to same-sex couples. This last issue drew some controversy, as both of his opponents maintained that the governor did not have that authority, as did most legal scholars. In the Republican primary on June 8,2010, Vander Plaats lost to Branstad, Roberts was third with 9 percent of the vote. Vander Plaats served as the Iowa state chair of Republican Presidential candidate, on many occasions, Huckabee called Vander Plaats the next Governor of Iowa, suggesting that Vander Plaats would run for Governor again in 2010. In 2010, Vander Plaats successfully led the campaign against the retention of three members of the Iowa Supreme Court who had voted to overturn Iowas Defense of Marriage Act in Varnum v. Brien, in December 2011, Vander Plaats endorsed Rick Santorum for President. The Family Leader denied the report, in February 2007 Vander Plaats released his first book, Light from Lucas. This story of his son was published by Tyndale House Publishers
28.
Iowa gubernatorial election, 2014
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The 2014 Iowa gubernatorial election took place on November 4,2014, to elect the Governor of Iowa. Republican incumbent Terry Branstad was running for re-election to a sixth overall, since he was re-elected, on December 14,2015, he became the longest-serving governor in American history. Branstad went on to win a sixth term as governor by defeating Democratic challenger. Branstad won 59. 1% of the vote to Hatchs 37. 3%. Branstad won every county except Johnson County, narcisse continued his campaign, and declared his intention to run for the nomination as a write-in candidate
29.
Mike Pence
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Michael Richard Mike Pence is an American politician, lawyer, and the 48th Vice President of the United States. He previously served as the 50th Governor of Indiana from 2013 to 2017, born and raised in Columbus, Indiana, Pence graduated from Hanover College and earned a law degree from the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law before entering private practice. After losing two bids for a U. S. congressional seat in 1988 and 1990, he became a conservative radio and he served as the chairman of the House Republican Conference from 2009 to 2011. Pence positioned himself as an ideologue and supporter of the Tea Party movement, noting he was a Christian, a conservative. Pence signed bills intended to restrict abortions, including one that prohibited abortions if the reason for the procedure was the race, gender. He later signed an additional bill acting as an amendment intended to protect LGBT people. Michael Richard Mike Pence was born June 7,1959, in Columbus, Indiana, one of six children of Nancy Jane and Edward J. Pence and his family were Irish Catholic Democrats. He was named after his grandfather, Richard Michael Cawley, who emigrated from County Sligo, Ireland, to the United States through Ellis Island and became a bus driver in Chicago and his maternal grandmothers parents were from Doonbeg, County Clare. Pence graduated from Columbus North High School in 1977 and he earned a BA degree in history from Hanover College in 1981, and a JD degree from the Indiana Universitys Robert H. McKinney School of Law in Indianapolis in 1986. While at Hanover, Pence joined the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, after graduating from Hanover, Pence was an admissions counselor at the college from 1981 to 1983. In his childhood and early adulthood, Pence was a Roman Catholic, kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. While in college, Pence became an evangelical, born-again Christian, after graduating from law school in 1986, Pence was an attorney in private practice. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in 1988 and in 1990. He became the president of the Indiana Policy Review Foundation, a self-described free-market think tank in 1991, Pence left the Indiana Policy Review Foundation in 1993, a year after beginning to host The Mike Pence Show, a talk radio program based in WRCR-FM in Rushville, Indiana. Pence called himself Rush Limbaugh on decaf since he considered himself politically conservative while not as outspoken as Limbaugh, the show was syndicated by Network Indiana and aired weekdays 9 a. m. to noon on 18 stations throughout the state, including WIBC in Indianapolis. From 1995 to 1999, Pence also hosted a political talk show from Indianapolis. In 1988, Pence ran for Congress against Democratic incumbent Phil Sharp and he ran against Sharp again in 1990, quitting his job in order to work full-time in the campaign, but once again was unsuccessful. During the race, Pence used political donations to pay the mortgage on his house, his credit card bill, groceries, golf tournament fees
30.
Vice President of the United States
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The executive power of both the vice president and the president is granted under Article Two, Section One of the Constitution. The vice president is elected, together with the president. The Office of the Vice President of the United States assists, as the president of the United States Senate, the vice president votes only when it is necessary to break a tie. Additionally, pursuant to the Twelfth Amendment, the president presides over the joint session of Congress when it convenes to count the vote of the Electoral College. Currently, the president is usually seen as an integral part of a presidents administration. The Constitution does not expressly assign the office to any one branch, causing a dispute among scholars whether it belongs to the executive branch, the legislative branch, or both. The modern view of the president as a member of the executive branch is due in part to the assignment of executive duties to the vice president by either the president or Congress. Mike Pence of Indiana is the 48th and current vice president and he assumed office on January 20,2017. The formation of the office of vice president resulted directly from the compromise reached at the Philadelphia Convention which created the Electoral College, the delegates at Philadelphia agreed that each state would receive a number of presidential electors equal to the sum of that states allocation of Representatives and Senators. The delegates assumed that electors would typically choose to favor any candidate from their state over candidates from other states, under a plurality election process, this would tend to result in electing candidates solely from the largest states. Consequently, the delegates agreed that presidents must be elected by a majority of the number of electors. To guard against such stratagems, the Philadelphia delegates specified that the first runner-up presidential candidate would become vice president, the process for selecting the vice president was later modified in the Twelfth Amendment. Each elector still receives two votes, but now one of those votes is for president, while the other is for vice president. The requirement that one of those votes be cast for a candidate not from the electors own state remains in effect. S, other statutorily granted roles include membership of both the National Security Council and the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. As President of the Senate, the president has two primary duties, to cast a vote in the event of a Senate deadlock and to preside over. For example, in the first half of 2001, the Senators were divided 50-50 between Republicans and Democrats and Dick Cheneys tie-breaking vote gave the Republicans the Senate majority, as President of the Senate, the vice president oversees procedural matters and may cast a tie-breaking vote. As President of the Senate, John Adams cast 29 tie-breaking votes that was surpassed by John C. Calhoun with 31. Adamss votes protected the presidents sole authority over the removal of appointees, influenced the location of the national capital, on at least one occasion Adams persuaded senators to vote against legislation he opposed, and he frequently addressed the Senate on procedural and policy matters
31.
Paul Ryan
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Paul Davis Ryan Jr. is an American politician who is the 54th and current Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. Ryan is a member of the Republican Party who has served as the U. S, Representative for Wisconsins 1st congressional district since 1999. Ryan previously served as Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, from January 3 to October 29,2015 and he was the Republican Party nominee for Vice President of the United States, running alongside former Governor Mitt Romney of Massachusetts in the 2012 election. Ryan, together with Democratic Senator Patty Murray, negotiated the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 and he named lobbyist John David Hoppe as his Chief of Staff. Paul Davis Ryan, Jr. was born in Janesville, Wisconsin, the youngest of four children of Elizabeth A. Betty, who became an interior designer, and Paul Davis Ryan. His father was of Irish ancestry and his mother of German, one of Ryans paternal ancestors settled in Wisconsin prior to the Civil War. His great-grandfather, Patrick William Ryan, founded a company in 1884. Ryans grandfather, Stanley M. Ryan, was appointed U. S. Attorney for the Western District of Wisconsin, as class president Ryan was a representative of the student body on the school board. Following his second year, Ryan took a job working the grill at McDonalds and he was on his high schools ski, track, and varsity soccer teams and played basketball in a Catholic recreational league. He participated in academic and social clubs including the Model United Nations. Ryan and his family went on hiking and skiing trips to the Colorado Rocky Mountains. When he was 16, Ryan found his 55-year-old father lying dead in bed of a heart attack. Following the death of his father, Ryans grandmother moved in with the family, from the time of his fathers death until his 18th birthday, Ryan received Social Security survivors benefits, which were saved for his college education. His mother remarried, to Bruce Douglas and he often visited the office of libertarian professor Richard Hart to discuss the theories of these economists and of Ayn Rand. Hart introduced Ryan to National Review, and with Harts recommendation Ryan began an internship in the D. C. office of Wisconsin Senator Bob Kasten where he worked with Kastens foreign affairs adviser and he attended the Washington Semester program at American University. Ryan worked summers as a salesman for Oscar Mayer and once got to drive the Wienermobile, Ryan was a member of the College Republicans, and volunteered for the congressional campaign of John Boehner. He was a member of the Delta Tau Delta social fraternity, Betty Ryan reportedly urged her son to accept a congressional position as a legislative aide in Senator Kastens office, which he did after graduating in 1992. In his early working on Capitol Hill, Ryan supplemented his income by working as a waiter, as a fitness trainer
32.
Greg Abbott
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Gregory Wayne Greg Abbott is an American lawyer and politician who currently serves as the 48th Governor of Texas since January 2015. During the Governorship of his predecessor, Rick Perry, Abbott was the 50th Attorney General of Texas and is a Republican, Abbott was only the second Republican to serve as Attorney General of Texas since Reconstruction. Prior to assuming the office of Attorney General, he was a justice on the Texas Supreme Court, Abbott was born on November 13,1957 in Wichita Falls, of English descent. His mother, the former Doris Lechristia Jacks, was a homemaker, when he was six years old they moved to Longview and the family lived in the East Texas city for six years. At the beginning of high school, Abbotts family moved to Duncanville. In his sophomore year in school, his father died of a heart attack. He graduated from Duncanville High School and he was on the track team in high school and won every meet he entered his senior year. He was in the National Honor Society and was voted Most Likely to Succeed, in 1981, he earned a Bachelor of Business Administration in finance from the University of Texas at Austin, where he was a member of the Delta Tau Delta fraternity and the Young Republicans’ Club. He met his wife, Cecilia Phelan, while attending UT Austin, in 1984, he earned his J. D. degree from the Vanderbilt University Law School in Nashville, Tennessee. He commented about his marriage, that San Antonio is also where Cecilia and our marriage wasn’t just the joining of two families. It was a uniting of cultures, My Anglo heritage and Cecilia’s Irish and we may have come from different cultures but we realized that we share the same foundation, “Dos casas. The story of my family is as old as the story of Texas itself and he went into private practice, working for Butler and Binion, LLC between 1984 and 1992. Abbott’s political career began in Houston, where he served as a trial judge in the 129th District Court for three years. Abbott became a paraplegic when an oak tree fell on him while he was jogging following a storm in 1984 and he had two steel rods implanted in his spine, underwent extensive rehabilitation at TIRR Memorial Hermann in Houston, and has used a wheelchair ever since. He sued the homeowner and negotiated a settlement worth more than US$10 million. Governor George W. Bush appointed Abbott to the Texas Supreme Court, in 1996, Abbott had no Democratic opponent but was challenged by Libertarian John B. Hawley of Dallas. In 1998, Abbott defeated Democrat David Van Os 60–40%, in 2001, Abbott went back to private practice and worked for Bracewell & Giuliani LLC. He was also a professor at University of Texas School of Law
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Governor of Texas
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The Governor of Texas is the head of the executive branch of Texass government and the commander-in-chief of the states military forces. The governor has the power to approve or veto bills passed by the Texas Legislature. The governor may grant pardons in cases other than impeachment or in the case of treason, the current Governor is Greg Abbott. The states first constitution in 1845 established the office of governor, the 1861 secessionist constitution set the term start date at the first Monday in the November following the election. The Reconstruction constitution of 1869 removed the limit on terms, Texas remains one of 14 states with no term limit. The present constitution of 1876 shortened terms back to two years, but a 1972 amendment increased it again to four years, the gubernatorial election is held every four years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November and does not coincide with the presidential elections. Despite the lack of limits, no Texas governor in the 19th or 20th centuries ever served more than seven. Former Governor Rick Perry, who served from 2000 to 2015, has now surpassed both records, becoming the first Texas governor to serve three consecutive terms. When Perry won the election on November 2,2010, he joined Shivers, Price Daniel. In case of a vacancy in the office of governor, the lieutenant governor becomes governor, one governor of Texas won his partys nomination and was elected President of the United States, George W
34.
Scott Walker (politician)
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Scott Kevin Walker is an American politician who is the 45th and current Governor of Wisconsin. First elected governor in the 2010 Wisconsin general election, he won a 2012 recall election and was reelected governor in the 2014 Wisconsin gubernatorial election and he also served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and as the Milwaukee County Executive. Born in Colorado Springs, Colorado, Walker was raised in Iowa and in Delavan, Wisconsin and he left Marquette before graduating to take a full-time job with the American Red Cross. Walker was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1992, representing a district in western Milwaukee County, Walker campaigned for Governor of Wisconsin in 2006 and ran again in 2010, defeating Democrat Tom Barrett in the general election. Shortly after his inauguration in 2011, Walker introduced a plan which limited the collective bargaining of most Wisconsin public employees. The response to Walkers policies included protests at the Wisconsin State Capitol, in the 2012 recall election, Walker again defeated Barrett, becoming the first American governor to survive a recall effort. In 2014, Walker defeated his Democratic challenger, businesswoman and Madison school board member Mary Burke, Walker was a candidate for his partys nomination to the 2016 presidential election. Walker was born on November 2,1967, in Colorado Springs, Colorado, the family moved to Plainfield, Iowa, in 1970, where Llew worked as pastor in the local Baptist Church, TBC, and served on the municipal council. When Walker was ten years old, the moved to Delavan, Wisconsin. While at the event, he met U. S. president Ronald Reagan and had a photo taken with him, Walker has credited the experience with solidifying his interest in public service and giving him the political bug. He attained the highest rank, Eagle Scout, in the Boy Scouts of America, in 1986, Walker worked as a volunteer for Tommy Thompsons gubernatorial campaign, and in the fall of that year, enrolled at Marquette University. Within a few weeks of beginning studies, Walker became a student senator, Walkers committee recommended impeachment of those being investigated, leading many to resign, and earning Walker enemies, a number of whom, according to Politifact, continue to taunt him today. In 1988, he ran for student government president, touting a 19-point resume and his opponent was impeached shortly after taking office but Walker did not apply for the position. While at Marquette, Walker led the pro-life Students for Life group at the university, in spring 1990 Walker discontinued his studies at Marquette, earning only 94 of the 128 minimum credits needed to graduate. He left in good standing with a 2. 59/4.0 grade point average, in 1990, at age 22, Walker ran for Milwaukees 7th District seat in the Wisconsin State Assembly. He won the Republican nomination, but lost in the election to incumbent Democrat Gwen Moore. In 1993, Walker moved to Wauwatosa, a suburb of Milwaukee and he defeated Democrat Chris Ament, son of then-Milwaukee County Executive Tom Ament. During the campaign, Walker backed welfare reform and opposed the expansion of mass transit and he supported a cap on state spending and said that the law on resolving labor disputes with local government employees needed to be reformed
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Governor of Wisconsin
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The Governor of Wisconsin is the highest executive authority in the government of the U. S. state of Wisconsin. The position was first filled by Nelson Dewey on June 7,1848, prior to statehood, there were four Governors of Wisconsin Territory. The current governor is Republican Scott Walker, any bill passed by the Wisconsin State Legislature must be presented to the governor, who either signs it into law, or vetoes it. In the event of a veto, the bill is returned the legislature, in 1930, the Wisconsin Constitution was amended to give the governor line-item veto power, which allows portions of appropriations bills to be struck out without rejecting the entire bill. The partial veto may still be overridden by the legislature, in 1990 a further amendment specified that the line-item veto does not give the governor power to veto individual letters of appropriations bills, thereby forming new words. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the militia of the state, the governor of Wisconsin is elected in a direct election—the candidate with the most votes becomes governor. In order to be eligible for the office of governor of Wisconsin, a candidate must be a citizen of the United States, there is no limit to the number of terms a governor may hold. The governor may be removed from office through an impeachment trial or through a recall election, an impeachment trial is carried out by the Wisconsin State Assembly, if a majority of its members agree to the impeachment. A governor may choose to resign from office. Four governors have resigned for reasons, and none have been removed from office through impeachment, although Arthur MacArthur. In 2012, Scott Walker became the governor in Wisconsin history to face a recall election. He retained his seat, defeating Milwaukee mayor Tom Barrett by seven percentage points, prior to this amendment, there were nine incidents in which the elected governor and lieutenant governor were not of the same political party. There have been 44 Governors of Wisconsin and 45 individual governorships, one governor, Philip La Follette, served non-consecutive terms. Four parties have had their candidates elected governor, the Democratic, the Whig, the Republican, additionally two governors—Louis Harvey and Walter Samuel Goodland—died while in office, and Orland Loomis, who was elected governor, died before taking office. Frankenstein veto List of Governors of Wisconsin General ^ Wisconsin Constitution, State of Wisconsin Blue Book 2005–2006. Archived from the original on October 25,2007
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