Konstanty Kalinowski, or Wincenty Konstanty Kalinowski, was a Polish writer, journalist, lawyer and revolutionary. He was one of the leaders of Polish–Lithuanian Uprising of 1863. Considered as a national hero of present-day Poland, Lithuania and Belarus.
Konstanty Kalinowski
A sheet with a fragment of Kalinowski's "Letters from under the gallows" in Belarusian Łacinka
A tablet marking Kalinowski's execution site, Lukiškės Square, Vilnius
Belarusian commemorative stamp in honor of Kalinowski (1993)
The January Uprising was an insurrection principally in Russia's Kingdom of Poland that was aimed at putting an end to Russian occupation of part of Poland and regaining independence. It began on 22 January 1863 and continued until the last insurgents were captured by the Russian forces in 1864.
Poland - The Year 1863, by Jan Matejko, 1864, oil on canvas, 156 × 232 cm, National Museum, Kraków. Pictured is the aftermath of the failed January 1863 Uprising. Captives await transportation to Siberia. Russian officers and soldiers supervise a blacksmith placing shackles on a woman (Polonia). The blonde girl next to her represents Lithuania.
Russian army in Warsaw during martial law 1861
"The Battle" from the cycle of paintings "Polonia" dedicated to January Uprising of 1863 – Artur Grottger.
Battles of January Uprising in Congress Poland 1863–1864
