1.
Concert
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A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience. A recital is a concert by a soloist or small group which follows a program, a recitalist is a musician who gives frequent recitals. The invention of the piano recital has been attributed to Franz Liszt. The performance may be by a musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, choir. Indoor concerts held in the largest venues are sometimes called arena concerts or amphitheatre concerts, informal names for a concert include show and gig. Regardless of the venue, musicians perform on a stage. Concerts often require live event support with professional audio equipment, before recorded music, concerts provided the main opportunity to hear musicians play. The nature of a concert varies by musical genre, individual performers, concerts by a small jazz combo or small bluegrass band may have the same order of program, mood, and volume—but vary in music and dress. In a similar way, a musician, band, or genre of music might attract concert attendees with similar dress, hairstyle. For example, concert goers in the 1960s often had hair, sandals. Regular attendees to a concert venue might also have a style that comprises that venues scene. Other Types of concerts, To plan or arrange by mutual agreement, some performers or groups put on very elaborate and expensive shows. To create a memorable and exciting atmosphere and increase the spectacle, some singers, especially popular music, augment concert sound with pre-recorded accompaniment, back-up dancers, and even broadcast vocal tracks of the singers own voice. Activities during these concerts can include dancing, sing-alongs, and moshing, concerts involving a greater number of artists, especially those that last for multiple days, are known as festivals. Unlike other concerts, which remain in a single genre of music or work of a particular artist, festivals often cover a broad scope of music. Due to their size, festivals are almost exclusively held outdoors, new platforms for festivals are becoming increasingly popular such as Jam Cruise, which is a festival held on a cruise ship, as well as Mayan Holidaze, which is a destination festival held in Tulum. Often concert tours are named, to differentiate different tours by the same artist, different segments of longer concert tours are known as legs. In the largest concert tours it is becoming common for different legs to employ separate touring production crews and equipment
2.
Walnut Creek, California
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Walnut Creek is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States, located 16 miles east of the city of Oakland in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Its active downtown neighborhood features hundred-year-old buildings and extensive high-end retail establishments, restaurants, as of 2014, the citys total estimated population is 67,673. Diablo, and the Tactan at Danville and Walnut Creek, on San Ramon Creek, todays Walnut Creek is located amidst the earlier site of four Mexican land grants. One of these land grants – measuring 18,000 acres – belonged to Juana Sanchez de Pacheco, Ygnacio Sibrian, one of the grandsons, created the first roofed home in the valley in about 1850. The grant was called Rancho Arroyo de Las Nueces y Bolbones, named after the principal waterway, the Arroyo de las Nueces was named for the occurrence in the valley of the native species of walnut tree, the California Walnut. With the coming of American settlers following the Mexican-American War, a settlement called The Corners emerged, named because it was the place where roads from Pacheco. The site of this first American settlement is today at the intersection of Mt. Diablo Boulevard. The first town settler was William Slusher, who built a dwelling on the bank of Walnut Creek, in the year 1855, Milo Hough of Lafayette built the hotel named Walnut Creek House in the corners. A blacksmith shop and a store soon joined the hotel, two decades later, the community changed its name from The Corners to Walnut Creek. In December 1862 a United States Post Office was established, the downtown street patterns laid out in 1871–1872 by pioneer Homer Shuey on a portion of one of his familys large cattle ranches are still present today. Walnut Creek began to grow with the arrival of Southern Pacific Railroad service in 1891, on October 21,1914, the town and the surrounding area of 500 acres ), were incorporated as the 8th city in Contra Costa County. A branch line of the Southern Pacific railroad ran through Walnut Creek until the late 1970s, the East Bay Regional Park Districts Iron Horse Trail, used by walkers, runners and bikers, runs over what were portions of that branch line. The mainline of the Sacramento Northern Railway passed through Walnut Creek, today, the Pittsburg/Bay Point – SFO Line line of the Bay Area Rapid Transit serves Walnut Creek with a station adjacent to Highway 680. Walnut Creek is located at 37°54′23″N 122°03′54″W, portions lie in both the San Ramon Valley and the Ygnacio Valley below the western slopes of Mount Diablo. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 19.8 sq mi,0.06 percent of which is water. Walnut Creek owns more open space per capita than any community in the state of California. In 1974, Walnut Creek voters approved a $6.7 million bond measure that allowed the city to purchase 1,800 acres of undeveloped hillsides, ridge lines, and park sites. Walnut Creek owns parts of Lime Ridge Open Space, Shell Ridge Open Space, Acalanes Ridge Open Space, the East Bay Regional Park District operates Diablo Foothills Regional Park and Castle Rock Regional Recreation Area, both in Walnut Creek
3.
Heavy metal music
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Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as metalheads or headbangers. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with such as Mötley Crüe. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre and these include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop. Heavy metal is characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound. Metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter, or omit one or more of these attributes, the typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purples Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ, in 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III, by the 1990s, in. almost every subgenre of heavy metal synthesizers were used. The electric guitar and the power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a use of high volumes. Guitar solos are an element of the heavy metal code. That underscores the significance of the guitar to the genre, most heavy metal songs featur at least one guitar solo, which is a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity. One exception is nu metal bands, which tend to omit guitar solos, with rhythm guitar parts, the heavy crunch sound in heavy metal. Palm muting the strings with the hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more sound and it emphasizes the low end
4.
Hard rock
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Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
5.
Acoustic music
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Acoustic music is music that solely or primarily uses instruments that produce sound through acoustic means, as opposed to electric or electronic means. The retronym acoustic music appeared after the advent of electric instruments, such as the guitar, electric violin, electric organ. It has its origins in the music of the 1960s. The trend has also dubbed as acoustic rock in some cases. Navigating the Music Industry, Current Issues & Business Models, Music and the Modern Condition, Investigating the Boundaries
6.
Recorder (musical instrument)
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The recorder is a woodwind musical instrument in the group known as internal duct flutes—flutes with a whistle mouthpiece. It is distinguished from other duct flutes by having a thumb-hole for the hand and seven finger-holes. It is the most prominent duct flute in the classical tradition. Recorders are made in different sizes with compasses corresponding to different vocal ranges, the sizes most commonly in use today are the soprano, alto, tenor and bass. Recorders are traditionally constructed from wood and ivory, although the use of plastics is now common, other characteristics of their construction, such as bore profile and fingering systems, have varied over time and between instruments. The recorder is first documented in the Middle Ages, and continued to enjoy popularity in the renaissance and baroque periods. It was revived in the 20th century as part of the historically informed performance movement, today, there are many professional recorder players who demonstrate the instruments full solo range and a large community of amateurs. The sound of the recorder is described as clear and sweet. It is notable for its response and its corresponding ability to produce a wide variety of articulations. This ability, coupled with its open finger holes, allow it to produce a variety of tone colors. Acoustically, its tone is relatively pure and odd harmonics predominate in its sound, the instrument has been known by its modern English name at least since the 14th century. David Lasocki reports the earliest use of recorder in the accounts of the Earl of Derby in 1388. By the 15th century, the name had appeared in English literature, the instrument name recorder derives from the Latin recordārī, by way of Middle French recorder and MFr recordeur, itself derived from MFr recorder. Thus, the recorder cannot have been named after the sound of birds, the name of the instrument is also uniquely English, in Middle French there is no equivalent noun sense of recorder referring to a musical instrument. Partridge indicates that the use of the instrument by jongleurs led to its association with the verb, recorder the minstrels action, the reason we know this instrument as the recorder and not one of the other instruments played by the jongleurs is uncertain. Until about 1695, the recorder and flute overlapped, but from 1673 to the late 1720s in England. Until at least 1765, some still used flute to mean recorder. Until the mid 18th century, musical scores written in Italian refer to the instrument as flauto and this distinction, like the English switch from recorder to flute, has caused confusion among modern editors, writers and performers
7.
Tenacious D
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Tenacious D is an American comedy rock duo that was formed in Los Angeles, California in 1994. Composed of lead vocalist and guitarist Jack Black and lead guitarist and vocalist Kyle Gass, Tenacious Ds studio releases, and its live performances, feature a full band lineup, including such musicians as guitarist John Konesky and bassist John Spiker. Drummer Dave Grohl has played on every studio release, the band first gained popularity in 1997 when they starred in their eponymous television series and began to support large rock acts. In 2001, they released Tenacious D, their debut album featuring a full band, the first single, Tribute, was the bands most successful achieving their only Top 10 in any chart, until they released The Metal, which was shown on Saturday Night Live. In 2006, they starred in, and recorded the soundtrack for, in support of the film, the band went on a world tour, appearing for the first time with a full band. They released their newest album Rize of the Fenix on May 15,2012, Tenacious Ds music showcases Blacks theatrical vocal delivery and Gass acoustic guitar playing abilities. Critics have described their fusion of vulgar absurdist comedy with music as mock rock. Jack Black and Kyle Gass initially met in Los Angeles in 1985, Black admits the duo did not see eye to eye due to animosity between the two as Gass – who was the main musician for the Actors Gang – felt threatened by Black. This all changed in 1989 in Edinburgh, Scotland, during the Edinburgh Fringe of 1989 and they were performing Tim Robbins and Adam Simons play Carnage. They would also work on productions at the group together regularly too. The two were just friends between 1989 and 1994 and did not play any concerts or record any music and their second song came about when Black was listening to Metallicas One in 1994 and told Gass that it was the best song in the world. Gass told Black that they couldnt write the best song in the world but Black put a twist on it and said they could write a tribute. Gass played an A minor chord at his apartment and the two spent three full days crafting the song, when it was done Gass mentioned they knew they had something, the song was comedic and evolved their comedy music persona. At their first concert, at Als Bar, the only played their one song Tribute. Black and Gass gave them the choice between Pets or Meat, Balboas Biblical Theatre and The Axe Lords Featuring Gorgazons Mischief. Tenacious D—a basketball term used by commentators to describe robust defensive positioning in basketball —did not get the majority of votes, however, cross, with Mr. Show writer Bob Odenkirk, continued his involvement with Tenacious D by producing three half-hour shows based on the band. The series, entitled Tenacious D, premiered on HBO in 1997, according to Gass, the series was cancelled after HBO requested ten episodes with the stipulation that he and Black would have to relinquish their role as executive producers, and only write songs. After the series aired, the continued to perform live
8.
Zelt-Musik-Festival
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The Zelt-Musik-Festival has taken place every June and July since 1983 in Freiburg im Breisgau. It lasts three weeks and counts up to 120.000 visitors each year, there is music, art, theater, cabaret and sport in different tents and on open-air stages. According to the organizer it is the biggest and oldest music festival in Baden-Württemberg, over the years, more than 600 regional and international artists offered a diverse program consisting of classic, jazz, rock, pop and world music, cabaret and children’s program. Also, many newcomers have been promoted, what makes the festival unique is that the admission is free. Visitiors can enter the two large tents – the circus tent and the spiegeltent- and two additional open-air tents as well as one stage in one of the tents, on these stages there are free all-day concerts, art and youth-culture events. Since 2008, the ZMF has been working with the Jugend-Bildungswerk’s program called Youngstars in Action, the ZMF is famous for the diverse offer of music genres
9.
Freiburg im Breisgau
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Freiburg im Breisgau is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany with a population of about 220,000. In the south-west of the country, it straddles the Dreisam river, historically, the city has acted as the hub of the Breisgau region on the western edge of the Black Forest in the Upper Rhine Plain. The city is known for its medieval minster and Renaissance university, as well as for its standard of living. The city is situated in the heart of the major Baden wine-growing region, according to meteorological statistics, the city is the sunniest and warmest in Germany and held the all-time German temperature record of 40.2 °C from 2003 to 2015. Freiburg was founded by Konrad and Duke Berthold III of Zähringen in 1120 as a market town, hence its name. Frei means free, and Burg, like the modern English word borough, was used in those days for a city or town. The German word Burg also means a town, as in Hamburg. Thus, it is likely that the name of place means a fortified town of free citizens. This town was located at a junction of trade routes between the Mediterranean Sea and the North Sea regions, and the Rhine and Danube rivers. In 1200, Freiburgs population numbered approximately 6,000 people, at about that time, under the rule of Bertold V, the last duke of Zähringen, the city began construction of its Freiburg Münster cathedral on the site of an older parish church. Begun in the Romanesque style, it was continued and completed 1513 for the most part as a Gothic edifice, in 1218, when Bertold V died, then Egino V von Urach, the count of Urach assumed the title of Freiburgs count as Egino I von Freiburg. The city council did not trust the new nobles and wrote down its established rights in a document, at the end of the thirteenth century there was a feud between the citizens of Freiburg and their lord, Count Egino II of Freiburg. Egino II raised taxes and sought to limit the freedom, after which the Freiburgers used catapults to destroy the counts castle atop the Schloßberg. The furious count called on his brother-in-law the Bishop of Strasbourg, Konradius von Lichtenberg, the bishop responded by marching with his army to Freiburg. According to an old Freiburg legend, a butcher named Hauri stabbed the Bishop of Strasbourg to death on 29 July 1299. It was a Pyrrhic victory, since henceforth the citizens of Freiburg had to pay an annual expiation of 300 marks in silver to the count of Freiburg until 1368, in 1366 the counts of Freiburg made another failed attempt to occupy the city during a night raid. Eventually the citizens were fed up with their lords, and in 1368 Freiburg purchased its independence from them, the city turned itself over to the protection of the Habsburgs, who allowed the city to retain a large measure of freedom. Most of the nobles of the city died in the battle of Sempach, the patrician family Schnewlin took control of the city until the guildsmen revolted
10.
Germany
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Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed
11.
Grammy Award
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A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
12.
Jack Black
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Thomas Jacob Jack Black is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer, and singer. His acting career has been extensive, starring primarily in comedy films and he has been nominated for two Golden Globe Awards. Black is the lead vocalist of the rock group Tenacious D which he formed in 1994 with friend Kyle Gass. They have released the albums Tenacious D, The Pick of Destiny and his mother was born Jewish, while his father converted to Judaism. Black was raised in the Jewish faith, attending Hebrew school, on a guest appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, he said his surname may have come from the occupational name of blacksmith. Blacks parents divorced when he was 10, Black moved to Culver City with his father, as a child, Black appeared in a commercial for the Activision game Pitfall. in 1982. This was shown during his appearances as an adult actor on Jimmy Kimmel Live. For high school, Blacks parents enrolled him at the Poseidon School, Black also attended the Crossroads School, where he excelled in drama. He later attended UCLA but dropped out during his year to pursue a career in entertainment. Fellow UCLA student, Tim Robbins, later cast Black in Bob Roberts, Black gained recurring roles on the HBO sketch comedy series, Mr. Show. Black first acted in a commercial at age 13 for the video game Pitfall. Blacks adult career began with acting on prime time television and he played roles on shows including Life Goes On, Northern Exposure, Mr. Show, Picket Fences, The Golden Palace, and The X-Files. Black appeared in the unaired TV pilot Heat Vision and Jack, directed by Ben Stiller and he was accompanied by his friend who had merged with a motorcycle, voiced by Owen Wilson. Black later took on roles in Airborne, Demolition Man, Waterworld, The Fan, The Cable Guy. Tim Robbins Dead Man Walking, The Jackal, Enemy of the State and he had a small role in True Romance as a security guard, but the scene was deleted. In 2000, Black appeared in the movie High Fidelity as an employee in John Cusacks record store. He soon gained leading roles in such as Shallow Hal, Nacho Libre, Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny, Year One. He received particular praise for his role in the well-received School of Rock, earning critical acclaim
13.
Elf (film)
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Elf is a 2003 American Christmas comedy film directed by Jon Favreau and written by David Berenbaum. It stars Will Ferrell, James Caan, Zooey Deschanel, Mary Steenburgen, Daniel Tay, Edward Asner and it was released in the United States on November 7,2003 by New Line Cinema. The story is one of Santas elves who learns of his true identity as a human and goes to New York City to meet his biological father. The film received reviews from critics and earned $220.4 million worldwide on a $33 million budget. It inspired the 2010 Broadway musical Elf, The Musical and NBCs 2014 stop-motion animated television special Elf, on Christmas Eve in 1973, an orphaned infant boy stows away on Santa Claus sack. When discovered back at the North Pole, he is adopted by Papa Elf, Papa Elf names his son Buddy. Buddy grows up at the North Pole believing he is an elf, when Buddy accidentally learns that he is human, Papa Elf explains that he was born to Walter Hobbs and Susan Wells, and was given up for adoption without Walter knowing. Susan died and Walter works at a book publisher in New York City at the Empire State Building. Santa notes that Walter is on the naughty list due to his greed and selfishness, but suggests Buddy could help redeem him, Buddy has trouble acclimating to the customs of the human world. Buddy finds his fathers office, but Walter has him ejected after Buddy mentions Susan Wells, after following a security guards sarcastic suggestion to go back to Gimbels due to his elf outfit, the Gimbels manager mistakes him for an employee at Santa Land. He meets Jovie, an employee to whom he is attracted. Knowing that Santa will arrive the day, Buddy stays behind and spends the night decorating Santa Land. The next day, Buddy is appalled that the stores Santa is not real and rips off the fake beard, causing them to fight. Walter bails Buddy out of prison and takes him to Dr. Leonardo for a DNA test, the doctor convinces him to take Buddy home to meet his step-mother Emily and 12-year-old half-brother Michael. Walter and Michael are annoyed by Buddys childlike behavior, but Emily insists that they take care of him until he recovers, Buddy wins Michael over by helping him defeat a gang of bullies in a snowball fight and Michael encourages Buddy to ask Jovie out. One night, Buddy goes on a date with Jovie and wins her over, on Christmas Eve, Buddy bursts into Walters office during a meeting with Finch to tell Walter about his love, and mistakes Finch for an elf because of his dwarfism. Finch loses his temper and attacks Buddy before storming out, causing Walter to yell at Buddy, eugene and Morris find a notebook Finch left that is filled with ideas for childrens books. Walter pitches these ideas to Greenway, but Michael bursts in to tell Walter that Buddy ran away, Greenway refuses to reschedule, Walter quits his job and leaves to find Buddy
14.
Kung Fu Panda
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Kung Fu Panda is a 2008 American computer-animated action comedy martial arts film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Set in a version of ancient China populated by talking animals. The idea for the film was conceived by Michael Lachance, a DreamWorks Animation executive, the computer animation in the film was more complex than anything DreamWorks had done before. As with most DreamWorks animated films, Hans Zimmer scored Kung Fu Panda and he visited China to absorb the culture and get to know the China National Symphony Orchestra as part of his preparation. A sequel, Kung Fu Panda 2, was released on May 26,2011, along with a series, Kung Fu Panda. A second sequel called Kung Fu Panda 3 was released on January 29,2016, Kung Fu Panda premiered in the United States on June 6,2008. The film received acclaim upon release. Kung Fu Panda opened in 4,114 theaters, grossing $20.3 million on its day and $60.2 million on its opening weekend. The story is set in the Valley of Peace, a land in ancient China inhabited by anthropomorphic animals. Po, a giant panda, is a kung fu fanatic who idolizes the Furious Five, Tigress, Monkey, Mantis, Viper, and Crane, a quintet of kung fu students trained by the red panda Master Shifu. As he helps his goose adoptive father Mr. Ping in his noodle restaurant, Shifu is alarmed and sends his messenger, the goose Zeng, to prevent Tai Lungs escape. He then holds a kung fu tournament for the Furious Five so that Oogway may identify the Dragon Warrior, forced to take a cumbersome noodle cart to the tournament, Po arrives as the arena doors close and is unable to enter. To the audiences surprise, Pos confusion, and the Furious Fives dismay, Oogway proclaims Po as the Dragon Warrior. Unwilling to accept that Oogways decision was intentional, Shifu tries to get rid of Po by ridiculing him into quitting kung fu training coupled with a training regime. The Furious Five similarly mock and disdain of Po as an upstart with no skill in kung fu, after receiving encouragement from Oogway, Po endures his grueling training and slowly begins to befriend the Five with his tenacity, culinary skill, and good humor. Meanwhile, Tai Lung escapes from prison as foreseen by Oogway, Shifu learns of Tai Lungs escape from Zeng and informs Oogway, who extracts a promise from Shifu to believe in Po and then ascends to the sky in a cloud of peach blossoms. Still unable to grasp the basics of kung fu, Po despairingly admits that he has no chance of defeating Tai Lung, Shifu, however, discovers that Po is capable of impressive physical feats when motivated by food. Using food as positive reinforcement, Shifu successfully trains Po to incorporate these feats into a kung fu style
15.
Friends
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Friends is an American television sitcom, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22,1994, to May 6,2004, lasting ten seasons. With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Marta Kauffman, Kauffman and Crane began developing Friends under the title Insomnia Cafe between November and December 1993. They presented the idea to Bright, and together they pitched a seven-page treatment of the show to NBC, after several script rewrites and changes, including a title change to Six of One and Friends Like Us, the series was finally named Friends. Filming took place at Warner Bros, All ten seasons of Friends ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings, ultimately reaching the No.1 spot with its eighth season. Friends received acclaim throughout its run, becoming one of the most popular shows of all time. The series was nominated for 62 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning the Outstanding Comedy Series award in 2002 for its eighth season. The show ranked no.21 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, in 1997, the episode The One with the Prom Video was ranked no.100 on TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time. In 2013, Friends ranked no.24 on the Writers Guild of Americas 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time, Rachel Green flees her wedding day and seeks out childhood friend Monica Geller, a New York City chef. Episodes typically depict the friends comedic and romantic adventures and career issues, the six characters each have many dates and serious relationships, such as Monica with Richard Burke and Ross with Emily Waltham. The series featured six main characters throughout its run, Jennifer Aniston portrays Rachel Green, Rachel first moves in with Monica in season one after nearly marrying Barry Farber, whom she realizes she does not love. Rachel and Ross Geller are later involved in a relationship throughout the series. Rachel’s first job is as a waitress at the coffeehouse Central Perk, Rachel and Ross have a daughter named Emma in The One Where Rachel Has a Baby, Part Two at the end of season eight. In the final episode of the series, Ross and Rachel finally confess their love for each other, Courteney Cox portrays Monica Geller, the mother hen of the group and a chef, known for her perfectionist, bossy, competitive, and obsessive-compulsive nature. Monica is often teased by the others for having been extremely overweight as a child. Monica works as a chef in various restaurants throughout the show, Monica’s first serious relationship is with long-time family friend Richard Burke, who is twenty-one years her senior. The couple maintains a relationship for some time, until Richard expresses that he does not want to have children. Lisa Kudrow portrays Phoebe Buffay, a masseuse and self-taught musician
16.
Seinfeld
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Seinfeld is an American sitcom that originally ran for nine seasons on NBC, from 1989 to 1998. It was created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld, the latter starring as a version of himself. It is often described as being a show about nothing, as many of its episodes are about the minutiae of daily life, Seinfeld was produced by Castle Rock Entertainment. In syndication, the series has been distributed by Sony Pictures Television since 2002, a favorite among critics, the series led the Nielsen ratings in seasons six and nine, and finished among the top two every year from 1994 to 1998. In 2002, TV Guide named Seinfeld the greatest television program of all time, E. named it the number 1 reason the 90s ruled. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America named Seinfeld the No.2 Best Written TV Series of All Time and that same year, Entertainment Weekly named it the No.3 best TV series of all time and TV Guide ranked it at No.2. Main Jerry Seinfeld – Jerry is a minor celeb stand-up comedian who is depicted as the voice of reason amidst the general insanity generated by the people in his world. The in-show character is a mild germaphobe and neat freak, as well as an avid Superman, New York Mets, Jerrys apartment is the center of a world visited by his eccentric friends and a focus of the show. Plot lines often involve Jerrys social interactions and romantic relationships around New York City and he typically finds minor, pedantic reasons to break up with women, including a habit of eating peas one at a time, oversized man hands and an irritating laugh. Other plot lines involve his longtime enemy Newman and his overbearing relatives, Elaine Benes – Elaine is Jerrys ex-girlfriend and later friend. She is attractive and genial, while also being humorous, arrogant and she sometimes has a tendency to be too honest with people, which often gets her into trouble. She usually gets caught up in her boyfriends quirks, eccentric employers unusual behaviors and idiosyncrasies, and she tends to make poor choices in men she chooses to date and is often overly reactionary. First she works at Pendant Publishing with Mr. Lippman, is hired as a personal assistant for Mr. Pitt. One of Elaines trademark moves is her forceful shove while exclaiming Get Out, when she receives good, objectionable or surprising news. Another is her memorable Little Kicks dance move, which is described as a full body heave accompanied by a double-fisted thumbs-up and she hates The English Patient, which is met with significant social disapproval. Elaine is popularly described as an amalgamation of Davids and Seinfelds girlfriends during their days in New York as struggling comedians. Cosmo Kramer – Kramer is Jerrys wacky neighbor and his trademarks include his humorous upright pompadour hairstyle, vintage clothes, and energetic sliding bursts through Jerrys apartment door. Kramer was heavily based on a neighbor of Davids during his amateur comedic years in Manhattan and this is seen in his success with women and employers
17.
Brain Dead (1990 film)
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Brain Dead is a 1990 horror/psychological thriller starring Bill Pullman, Bill Paxton and George Kennedy and written by Charles Beaumont. Dr. Rex Martin is a top neurosurgeon, who is active in studying brain malfunctions that cause mental illnesses, as Martin begins the surgical procedure, he starts to experience the same paranoid dreams as Halsey. The episodes grow in intensity until it becomes unclear whether Martin is a doctor imagining hes the patient, Martin floats further and further from reality, caught between his loyalty to his business colleagues and his own humanity. The best one they discovered was one written by Charles Beaumont for Roger Corman in the 1960s, adam Simon liked it and updated it for modern times. The Dream Master Dreamscape eXistenZ Paprika Strange Days Inception Brain Dead at the Internet Movie Database Brain Dead at AllMovie Brain Dead at Box Office Mojo Brain Dead at Rotten Tomatoes
18.
Good Charlotte
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Good Charlotte is an American pop punk band from Waldorf, Maryland, that formed in 1996. After a four-year-long hiatus, the announced its comeback on November 3,2015. Each original member of the band attended La Plata High School in Maryland, the band made a name for itself in nearby Washington, D. C. playing the WHFS annual rock show HFStival in 1998 and 1999. The band mainly played out small bars which soon earned the group attention, the band also released two demos and two EPs along their career. Good Charlottes debut studio album Good Charlotte was released in 2000 and was the start of the music career. The album contains three singles, Little Things, Motivation Proclamation, and Festival Song, Aaron Escolopio was the bands drummer for this album, but left the band before The Young and the Hopeless to join his brothers band Wakefield, and was replaced by Nate Foutz. 2002s The Young and the Hopeless sold 4.9 million copies, the bands breakthrough single, titled Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous, topped both pop and rock charts around the globe. Singles that were released from the album include The Anthem, Girls & Boys, The Young and the Hopeless, the band cited Rancid, Social Distortion, and The Clash as influences for the album. The album eventually went on to triple platinum certification from the RIAA. The band also became popular on MTV, where the music videos were played in heavy rotation on both MTV and MTV2. Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous received the Viewers Choice Award at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards, after a few months of touring, Nate Foutz returned to join his band for the bands summer tour. The band hired drummers during the recording, release and touring of The Young, in 2003, the band added Chris Wilson as a drummer, he was introduced to the band through mutual friends from the group The Used. Good Charlottes third album, The Chronicles of Life and Death, was released by Epic Records in 2004, the album received mixed reactions from both the music press and Good Charlottes fan base. The album sold 2.2 million copies, the album has been widely considered a departure from the bands previous two albums, mixing new elements such as lyrical topics into Good Charlottes youthful sound. Singles released from the album include the two hits Predictable and I Just Wanna Live, as well as The Chronicles of Life and Death, the only single from The Chronicles of Life and Death which managed to chart on the U. S. Hot 100 was the hit I Just Wanna Live, All of the singles released from the album went top 30 in the UK, except for We Believe. The band would go on tour with Sum 41. In May 2005, after much speculation from fans, it was confirmed that Chris Wilson had left the band citing personal health reasons
19.
Foo Fighters
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Foo Fighters is an American rock band, formed in Seattle, Washington in 1994. It was founded by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl as a project following the dissolution of Nirvana after the death of Kurt Cobain. The group got its name from the UFOs and various phenomena that were reported by Allied aircraft pilots in World War II. The band began with performances in Portland, Oregon, Goldsmith quit during the recording of the groups second album, The Colour and the Shape, when most of the drum parts were re-recorded by Grohl himself. Smears departure followed soon afterward, though he would rejoin them in 2005 and they were replaced by Taylor Hawkins and Franz Stahl, respectively, although Stahl was fired before the recording of the groups third album, There Is Nothing Left to Lose. The band briefly continued as a trio until Chris Shiflett joined as the lead guitarist after the completion of There Is Nothing Left to Lose. The band released its album, One by One, in 2002. The group followed that release with the two-disc In Your Honor, Foo Fighters released its sixth album, Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace, in 2007. The bands seventh album, Wasting Light, produced by Butch Vig was released in 2011. In November 2014, the eighth studio album, Sonic Highways, was released as an accompanying soundtrack to the Grohl-directed 2014 miniseries of the same name. Over the course of the career, four of its albums have won Grammy Awards for Best Rock Album. As of 2015, the eight albums have sold 12 million copies in the U. S. and 30 million worldwide. Foo Fighters frontman Dave Grohl joined the grunge group Nirvana as its drummer in 1990, during tours, he took a guitar with him and wrote songs. Grohl held back these songs from the rest of the band, he said in 1997, I was in awe of, I thought it was best that I kept my songs to myself. Grohl occasionally booked studio time to record demos and covers of songs he liked, frontman Kurt Cobain was found dead in his Seattle home on April 8,1994, and Nirvana subsequently disbanded. Grohl received offers to work with artists, press rumors indicated he might be joining Pearl Jam and he almost accepted a permanent position as drummer in Tom Petty. Ultimately Grohl declined and instead entered Robert Lang Studios in October 1994 to record fifteen of the forty songs he had written. With the exception of a part on X-Static, played by Greg Dulli of the Afghan Whigs, Dave Grohl played every instrument
20.
Learn to Fly
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Learn to Fly is the first single from the Foo Fighters third album There Is Nothing Left to Lose, released in 1999. The Learn to Fly single was released as a two disc CD set in the UK and Australia, as well as in Europe, and promotional singles were also released in other countries such as the US for radio play. In the US it was the bands first appearance on the Billboard Hot 100 charting at number 19 and it is also their highest charting on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart along with the 1996 hit Big Me, reaching number 13. The music video for the song was directed by Jesse Peretz, the music video for the song takes place on an commercial airliner, parodying the movie Airplane. and by extension, the films Airport 1975 and its sequel Airport 77. Two airline mechanics smuggle and hide their narcotic known as World Domination brand Erotic Sleeping Powder in the coffee-maker and this ends up incapacitating everyone who drinks the coffee. The take-off sequence, in addition to the crew members hiding ulterior criminal motives, are a near shot-by-shot homage to the film Airport 77, the band, having avoided the coffee, mirroring Karen Blacks role in Airport 1975, find themselves forced to land the plane. For the video, each band member portrays himself as well as other roles. By August 16 it had gained more than 33 million views, on July 31 Dave Grohl responded, in Italian, thanking the makers for the beautiful video and adding Thank you so much. On November 3,2015, in response, Foo Fighters performed 27-song concert in Cesena for approximately 3,000 people, starting their set with Learn to Fly. In August 2015, nearly 16 years after its release, the single entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 69. The group assembled for the stunt have performed subsequently under the name Rockin 1000, a live version recorded in Sydney Australia on January 24,2000 was released on the Australian Generator single and CD1 of Breakout. Disc 1 Learn to Fly Iron and Stone Have a Cigar Disc 2 Learn to Fly Make a Bet Have a Cigar Promo Learn to Fly 7in Vinyl 1. Have a Cigar Dave Grohl - vocals, guitar Taylor Hawkins - drums Nate Mendel - bass Learn to Fly Official music video on YouTube
21.
Michael Richards
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Richards began his career as a stand-up comedian, first entering the national spotlight when he was featured on Billy Crystals first cable TV special. He went on to become a regular on ABCs Fridays. Prior to Seinfeld, he made numerous guest appearances on a variety of television shows, such as Cheers. His film credits include So I Married an Axe Murderer, Airheads, Young Doctors in Love, Problem Child, Coneheads, UHF, during the run of Seinfeld, he made a guest appearance in Mad About You. After Seinfeld, Richards starred in his own sitcom, The Michael Richards Show, when Seinfeld ended in 1998, Richards returned to stand-up comedy. Subsequent to significant media coverage of the event he announced his retirement from stand-up early in 2007, in 2013, Richards returned to television when he played the role of Frank in the sitcom Kirstie, co-starring Kirstie Alley and Rhea Perlman. Richards was born in Culver City, California, the son of Phyllis, a medical records librarian, and William Richards and his father died in a car crash when Michael was two and his mother never remarried. Richards graduated from Thousand Oaks High School and he was drafted into the United States Army in 1970. He trained as a medic and was stationed in West Germany, after being honorably discharged he used the benefits of the G. I. Bill to enroll in the California Institute of the Arts, and he also had a short-lived improv act with Ed Begley, Jr. During this period, he enrolled at Los Angeles Valley College, Richards got his big TV break in 1979, appearing in Billy Crystals first cable TV special. In 1980, he began as one of the cast members on ABCs Fridays television show, the film Man on the Moon featured a re-enactment of the Andy Kaufman incident in which Richards was portrayed by actor Norm Macdonald. In 1989, Richards had a role in Weird Al Yankovics comedy film UHF as janitor Stanley Spadowski. On television, Richards also appeared in Miami Vice, Cheers, hoberman said that ABC wanted Richards to play Adrian Monk, but he turned it down. In 1989, he was cast as Cosmo Kramer in the NBC television series Seinfeld, although it got off to a slow start, by the mid-1990s, the show had become one of the most popular sitcoms in television history. The series ended its run in 1998 at #1 in the Nielsen ratings. In the setting of Seinfeld, Kramer is usually referred to by his last name only and is the neighbor of the eponymous character. Kramers first name, Cosmo, was revealed in the sixth-season episode The Switch, Richards won more Emmys than any other cast member on Seinfeld
22.
Year One (film)
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Year One is a 2009 American comedy film directed by Harold Ramis, and produced by Judd Apatow. The film stars Jack Black and Michael Cera, the film was released in North America on June 19,2009 by Columbia Pictures, where it received negative reviews from critics and underperformed at the box office. The film would be Ramis last as an actor, writer, Zed is a hunter and Oh is a gatherer. After being informed that Zed ate from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, after Zed burns down the village by accident, Oh decides to go with Zed on his journey to discover all the world has to offer. Along the way, they encounter Cain and Abel, Cain kills Abel and informs Zed and Oh that they must escape with him or else he will be accused of killing Abel. Afterwards, Zed and Oh find that the girls want to lay with, Maya and Eema. They try to buy the freedom, but Cain ends up selling Zed. The next morning, Zed and Oh discover that the Sodomites have left with the slaves and they head off to save the slaves. They come to a mountain and find Abraham about to kill his son Isaac, Zed stops them, claiming that the Lord sent him to do so. Abraham takes them to his Hebrew village and tells them about the cities of Sodom, Zed and Oh head off for Sodom after Abraham decides to circumcise them. As they arrive in Sodom, they are captured, Cain, now a Sodomite soldier, saves them from being sodomized, calling them his brothers. The two recalled that they were sold by Cain as slaves and Cain apologizes and offers them food, while being given a tour of the city by Cain, Zed and Oh are offered by Cain to become guards. Shortly after they become guards and are patrolling the city they see the princess Inanna and that night, at a party, Zed is invited by the princess to talk with her. Inside the palace, Zed sees Maya and Eema serving as slaves, Zed meets Princess Inanna and she asks him to enter the Holy of Holies and tell her what it is like, thinking that Zed is the Chosen One. Inside the temple, Zed encounters Oh, who is hiding from the high priest, there, they get into a heated argument and are then imprisoned for going inside the temple. The two are sentenced to be stoned to death but Zed convinces the Sodomites to have mercy, the king then announces that he will be sacrificing his daughter and two virgins as a gift to the gods. Zed interrupts the ceremony, claiming he is the Chosen One, a riot starts, Oh saves Eema and Abraham arrives with the Hebrews to overthrow the king. Oh and Eema lay with other inside the palace, which not only consummates their relationship
23.
Shallow Hal
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Shallow Hal is a 2001 American romantic comedy film starring Gwyneth Paltrow and Jack Black about a shallow man who falls in love with an overweight woman. The motion picture was directed by the Farrelly brothers and filmed in and around Charlotte, North Carolina as well as Sterling and Princeton, the supporting cast features Jason Alexander, Tony Robbins, and Laura Kightlinger. Hal Larson is a man whose fixation on the physical beauty of women gets in the way of seeing their inner beauty. Hal and his equally shallow friend, Mauricio Wilson, spend their nights obnoxiously hitting on women at nightclubs. Hals work life is steady, but he is dismayed after being passed over for a long-sought promotion and his love life is nonexistent, as we see when he tries to ask his attractive neighbor, Jill, out for a date. Jill isnt interested, she finds Hal too shallow, Hal becomes trapped in an elevator with famous American life coach Tony Robbins. While waiting for the elevator to be repaired, Robbins sympathizes with Hals disappointment and he hypnotizes Hal into only seeing a persons inner beauty. Hal does not realize hes been hypnotized and later meets Rosemary, Rosemary is morbidly obese, but Hal sees a slender and beautiful trophy blonde. He is immediately smitten by her and his boss is not certain about Hal dating his daughter, thinking that Hal may be trying to climb to the top of the corporate ladder. Used to being overlooked due to her appearance, Rosemary initially interprets Hal’s interest as mocking, after apologizing to him, they begin to date, which includes a bike ride with Walt. Mauricio, worried about Hals new taste in women, convinces Robbins to give him the phrase to undo the hypnosis. Mauricio phones Hal, who is on a date with Rosemary, and says the trigger phrase, while at the restaurant, Rosemary tells Hal shes signed up with the Peace Corps for a 14 month mission in Kiribati. Hal begins to avoid Rosemary, who becomes melancholic without him around, distraught that he was not seeing the real Rosemary, Hal accepts a dinner invitation from his neighbor, Jill. The two dine together and Jill tells Hal that she has observed him overcoming his shallow nature and is interested in dating him now. Hal realizes his feelings for Rosemary who has, coincidentally, arrived at the same restaurant with her family and sees Hal. Assuming the worst, Rosemary leaves in tears, not recognizing Rosemary, Hal walks right by her on his way to the pay phone to, ironically, reassure her of his feelings, after refusing to date Jill because of his feelings for Rosemary. Confused and distraught, Rosemary calls Hal a psycho over the phone, five days later Steve informs Hal that Rosemary’s Peace Corps partner, Ralph, wants to be in a relationship with her again. Hal attempts to find Rosemary, but instead encounters a patient named Cadence at the hospital where Rosemary volunteers
24.
Saving Silverman
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Saving Silverman is a 2001 comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan and starring Jason Biggs, Steve Zahn, Jack Black and Amanda Peet. Neil Diamond has a role playing himself. Outside North America, the film was titled Evil Woman, Darren Silverman, Wayne LeFessier, and J. D. McNugent, best friends since fifth grade and Neil Diamond fans throughout, form a Neil Diamond tribute band called Diamonds in the Rough. Darren meets a beautiful but domineering psychologist who is showing signs of being abusive, Judith Fessbeggler. Unfortunately, six weeks into their relationship, Judith is still making Darren watch her change clothes, Judith isolates Darren from his friends, demands that Darren quit the band, receive humiliating medical procedures, and attend relationship counseling under her care. Wayne and J. D. decide to save Darren from her by attempting to bribe her, arm wrestle her, and shock her with faked photographs of Darren cheating, all to no avail. The friends, undaunted, try to reunite Darren with his one and only, Sandy Perkus, when Darren and Judith announce their engagement, Wayne and J. D. kidnap Judith. However, Judith eventually discovers the identity of her captors, when they visit Coach Norton in jail his advice is that they should just kill her. The duo attempt to shoot Judith, but end up deciding against it, Sandys feelings for Darren are reawakened, but the pairs attempted date is ruined by Darrens preoccupation with Judith. Sandy, disheartened, returns to the convent, but Darren snaps out of it, chained to an engine block in Waynes garage, Judith convinces J. D. he is gay. She knocks him unconscious to steal his keys and escape, only to be tranquilized with a gun by Wayne. Returned to the garage, Judith seduces Wayne into releasing one of her hands and she runs to Darrens house in time to see him kiss Sandy, but shames him into confessing his engagement to Judith. Sandy, disheartened, returns to the convent again, Darren has Wayne and J. D. arrested. After escaping from jail with the help of Coach Norton, J. D. and they convince her that Darren still loves her. They then kidnap Neil Diamond to help Darren and Sandy reunite, the couples then wed on stage at Neil Diamonds concert, Darren to Sandy, Wayne to Judith, and J. D. to Coach. As the film closes, the entire cast sings Holly Holy, saving Silverman was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia at a cost of USD$22 million. Neil Diamond said humorously that I was dragged into this project kicking and screaming, the film opened at No.3 at the North American box office making $7.4 million USD in its opening weekend. The film grossed a total of $19,402,030
25.
The Cable Guy
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The Cable Guy is a 1996 American black comedy film directed by Ben Stiller, starring Jim Carrey and Matthew Broderick. It was released in the United States on June 14,1996, the film co-stars Leslie Mann, Jack Black, George Segal, Diane Baker, Eric Roberts, Owen Wilson, Janeane Garofalo, David Cross, Andy Dick, Amy Stiller, and Bob Odenkirk. After a failed proposal to his girlfriend Robin Harris, Steven M. Kovacs moves into his own apartment. Taking advice from his friend Rick, Steven bribes cable guy, Ernie Chip Douglas, to him free movie channels. Chip gets Steven to hang out with him the next day, Chip takes Steven to the satellite dish responsible for sending out television signals. Steven tells his problems with Robin to Chip, who advises him to admit his faults to Robin, Steven takes Chips advice, and Robin agrees to watch the movie with him. Chip begins acting suspiciously, running into Steven and his friends at the gym. When Robin arrives to watch the movie, the cable is out, due to Chip, Chip fixes the cable under the condition that they hang out again, to which Steven agrees. Chip takes Steven to Medieval Times, where Chip arranges for them to battle in the arena, Chip behaves aggressively, nearly killing Steven, who eventually bests him in combat. When they arrive at Stevens home, Chip reveals that hes installed a home theater system in his living room. Chip and Steven later host a party and with Chips help, Steven sleeps with Heather, Chip tracks down Robin, who is on a date with another man. When the man goes to the bathroom, Chip severely beats him and he later upgrades Robins cable, saying that it is on Steven and Robin decides to get back together as a result. Steven tells Chip that they cannot be friends, hurting Chip and he gets Steven arrested for possession of stolen property, although Steven is released on bail. During a dinner with his family and Robin, Steven is horrified to see Chip in attendance, Steven tells him to leave, but Chip tells him to play along or he will show everyone a picture of Steven with the prostitute. The evening goes from bad to worse, with Steven punching Chip after the latter implies he slept with Robin, Steven is fired from his job when Chip sends out a video of Steven insulting his boss that was recorded on a hidden camera in his apartment. Chip calls Steven that night, telling him he is paying Robin a visit, Steven tracks them down to the satellite dish, where Chip holds Robin hostage. After a physical altercation and a chase, Steven is able to save Robin, as the police arrive, Chip goes into a speech on how he was raised by television and apologizes to Steven for being a bad friend. Chip survives the fall, but injures his back, as Steven and Robin reunite, Steven forgives Chip and asks for his real name
26.
Extreme Movie
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Extreme Movie is a 2008 American satirical comedy film composed of sketches focusing on teen sex. The ensemble cast includes Frankie Muniz, Ryan Pinkston, Jamie Kennedy, Danneel Harris, Andy Milonakis, Matthew Lillard, Rob Pinkston, the film is a series of vignettes with Matthew Lillards sex advice is intercut within every couple segments. Mike tries to impress his crush, Stacy, Fred meets a girl online and they arrange for menacing action, only for Fred to break into the wrong apartment. The promiscuous Betty going to the level with Chuck. Justin buys a vibrating vagina and falls in love with it, all the time while crushing on another girl, a Real Sex-esque skit where a girl admits to having sex with two black men on camera. Two guys, Barry and Leon, create a woman on their computer, jessica, in an attempt to become horny, puts her vibrating cell phone in her vagina, only for it to fall in. Len wakes up to find a girl and another guy in his bed, and his parents home as well, sex education teacher Mr. Matthews teaches his class with no rules and a lot of embarrassment, usually centering on Mike. Ronny, obsessed with Abraham Lincoln, creates a time machine, the film was theatrically released internationally by Dimension Films. In the United States, it received a release by Dimension Extreme on December 5,2008. Extreme Movie at the Internet Movie Database Extreme Movie at Box Office Mojo Extreme Movie at Rotten Tomatoes
27.
Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny
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The film was released on November 22,2006 and was a box office bomb. The soundtrack, The Pick of Destiny, was released in 2006 as the bands second studio album. As a young man, JB leaves his religious family and oppressive Midwestern town for Hollywood on a quest to form the worlds most awesome rock band. There he meets acoustic guitarist KG, who is performing on the street and they create their own band, Tenacious D, named for birthmarks found on their derrieres. Soon JB and KG learn the deepest secret of rock, all the rock legends used the guitar pick, The Pick of Destiny. It was created by a wizard from a piece of Satans tooth. The pick gives its holder unnatural abilities with stringed instruments, infatuated by the prospect of becoming the next great rock star, JB immediately sets Tenacious D on a quest to steal the Pick of Destiny from a rock history museum. Along the way, the band splits up, when KG decides that sex comes first in sex, drugs and rock n roll. But soon, JB and KG come back together when they realize they need each other as friends, the two manage to steal the Pick of Destiny due to incompetent security at the rock museum. After a pep-talk from the owner, they decide they are good enough to go onto the contest without the pick, not knowing that the owner is Satan in human form. Coming back outside, they are confronted by Satan, who is made whole when he places the Pick of Destiny back on his broken tooth and he threatens to take Tenacious D back to Hell with him. To save their lives, Tenacious D challenge Satan to a rock-off, as the bargain goes, if Tenacious D wins, Satan must return to hell on his own and pay their rent. But if Satan wins, he gets to take KG back with him, ultimately, they lose, and Satan attempts to shoot KG with a bolt of energy. JB jumps in the way, and the bolt bounces off his guitar, JB is able to send him back to Hell with a magical incantation. The two turn Satans horn into the Bong of Destiny and the closes with the two smoking from it as they write new songs. It debuted with a mere $3 million during its opening weekend at number eleven, Jack Black agreed to a paycut from his $12 Million USD per Film to $1 Million USD that would be split between Kyle Gass and Jack Black. Michael Phillips criticized the frequency of the drug-use by saying, This may be the problem, pot rarely helped anybodys comic timing. Stephen Holden of The New York Times suggested that the film could be viewed as a rock n roll comedy
28.
Karaoke
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The music is typically an instrumental version of a well-known popular song. Lyrics are usually displayed on a screen, along with a moving symbol, changing color, or music video images. In China and Cambodia, a box is called a KTV. It is also a used by recording engineers translated as ghost orchestra meaning there is no vocal track. The global karaoke market has been estimated to be worth nearly $10 billion, the concept of creating studio recordings that lack the lead vocal has been around for nearly as long as recording itself. The primary difference between Karaoke and sing-along songs is the absence of the lead vocalist, sing-alongs fundamentally changed with the introduction of new technology. There are various disputes about who first invented the name karaoke, One claim is that the karaoke styled machine was invented by Japanese musician Daisuke Inoue in Kobe, Japan, in 1971. Although the audio company Clarion was the first commercial producer of the machine they may have invented the machine. In Japan, it has long been common to provide entertainment at a dinner or a party. Japanese drummer Daisuke Inoue was asked frequently by guests in the Utagoe Kissa, realizing the potential for the market, Inoue made a tape recorder-like machine that played songs for a 100-yen coin each. Instead of giving his karaoke machines away, Inoue leased them out so that stores did not have to buy new songs on their own, Karaoke machines were initially placed in restaurants and hotel rooms, soon, new businesses called karaoke boxes, with compartmented rooms, became popular. In 2004, Daisuke Inoue was awarded the tongue-in-cheek Ig Nobel Peace Prize for inventing karaoke, Karaoke soon spread to the rest of Asia and other countries all over the world. In-home karaoke machines soon followed but lacked success in the American and Canadian markets, home theater systems took off, and karaoke went from being the main purpose of the stereo system to a side feature. As more music became available for machines, more people within the industry saw karaoke as a profitable form of lounge. It is not uncommon for some bars to have performances seven nights a week, commonly with high-end sound equipment superior to the small. Dance floors and lighting effects are becoming common sights in karaoke bars. Lyrics are often displayed on television screens around the bar. A basic karaoke machine consists of a player, microphone inputs, a means of altering the pitch of the played music
29.
Wild Hogs
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Wild Hogs is a 2007 American biker comedy road film directed by Walt Becker and starring Tim Allen, John Travolta, Martin Lawrence and William H. Macy. It was released nationwide in the United States and Canada on March 2,2007, Doug is a dentist who has trouble relating to his son Billy, Dudley is a single clumsy computer programmer who is afraid to talk to women. Bobby is a plumber whose wife has made him return to work after having taken a year off to unsuccessfully write a book. They find escape from their routines on weekends by riding motorcycles together posing as a biker gang called the Wild Hogs. One day, when Woody finds out his wife is divorcing him and leaving him bankrupt, he, after encountering several misadventures, they end up at a local bar, where they meet a much larger biker gang called the Del Fuegos, headed by Jack Blade. When the Del Fuegos hear the Wild Hogs riding back past the bar, they attempt to pursue them, Jack inadvertently drops his lit cigarette onto the ground, igniting the fuel leaking from the bikes which then causes the bar to explode. Woody, after witnessing the explosion from afar, convinces the others to keep riding. Eventually, the Wild Hogs run out of gas and end up in Madrid, New Mexico, as a result, the townspeople first mistake them for Del Fuegos. When the Wild Hogs explain their actions, they learn that the Del Fuegos have been terrorizing the town frequently, although Woody is still antsy about the Del Fuegos, the others convince him to stay in the town overnight. During their stay in the town, Dudley falls in love with Maggie, while out searching for the Wild Hogs, Jacks closest biker members Red & Murdock spot the group and report their location to Jack. The Wild Hogs are hailed as heroes amongst the towns residents, the next day, Woody persuades the others that they must leave, but their departure is ruined when the Del Fuegos arrive. Jack threatens to attack the town unless the Wild Hogs pay for the damage done to their bar, Woody admits to the Wild Hogs what he really did to get Dudleys bike back as well as the real reason for the trip, upsetting the others. Jack and the rest of the Del Fuegos take over Maggies diner, the others attempt to rescue Dudley but fail. They then decide to fight the Del Fuego gang letting Jack, Red, Murdock, damien lectures Jack for letting four posers hold off an entire biker gang, questioning aloud just which side was the posers. He also adds that the bar was merely an insurance scam, damien tells the Del Fuegos to leave town and ride the open road until they remember what riding is really about, mentioning as he leaves that Jack takes after his mother. He then acknowledges the Wild Hogs by telling them his motto, Ride hard, Doug and Bobbys wives arrive, and Doug reconciles with his son. Bobbys wife orders him to return with her, but he refuses and convinces her to let him finish the ride, the Wild Hogs leave and arrive in California, where everyone except for Dudley crashes into a surfboard while he laughs. During the credits, it is revealed that the Wild Hogs called Extreme Makeover, the Del Fuegos react in joy at their new bar while the Wild Hogs watch the event on TV
30.
Lower Learning
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Lower Learning is a 2008 American comedy film starring Jason Biggs, Eva Longoria, Rob Corddry, Ryan Newman, Monica Potter, and Andy Pessoa. It was directed by Mark Lafferty and written by Lafferty and Shahin Chandrasoma, the music was composed by Ryan Shore. Geraldine Ferraro Elementary, one of the worst schools in the state, is in danger of being closed, the school suffers from low test results, drunken teachers, and a corrupt Principal. The Vice Principal, Tom Willoman, decides to try to save the school, when he finds out that the school inspector is a childhood friend, he recruits her to help him save the school by rallying the teachers and students against the principal. The film was released on DVD on December 2,2008, Lower Learning at the Internet Movie Database Lower Learning at AllMovie Lower Learning at Box Office Mojo Lower Learning at Rotten Tomatoes
31.
Demon
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A demon is a supernatural, mythological and often malevolent being prevalent in religion, occultism, literature, fiction, mythology and folklore. The original Greek word daimon does not carry the negative connotation initially understood by implementation of the Koine δαιμόνιον, the Ancient Greek word δαίμων daimōn denotes a spirit or divine power, much like the Latin genius or numen. Daimōn most likely came from the Greek verb daiesthai, the Greek conception of a daimōn notably appears in the works of Plato, where it describes the divine inspiration of Socrates. To distinguish the classical Greek concept from its later Christian interpretation, the Greek terms do not have any connotations of evil or malevolence. In fact, εὐδαιμονία eudaimonia, means happiness, far into the Byzantine period Christians eyed their cities old pagan statuary as a seat of the demons presence. It was no longer beautiful, it was infested, the term had first acquired its negative connotations in the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek, which drew on the mythology of ancient Semitic religions. This was then inherited by the Koine text of the New Testament, the Western medieval and neo-medieval conception of a demon derives seamlessly from the ambient popular culture of Late Antiquity. The Hellenistic daemon eventually came to include many Semitic and Near Eastern gods as evaluated by Christianity, the supposed existence of demons remains an important concept in many modern religions and occultist traditions. Demons are still feared largely due to their power to possess living creatures. In the contemporary Western occultist tradition, a demon is a metaphor for certain inner psychological processes. According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, In Chaldean mythology the seven evil deities were known as shedu, storm-demons and they were represented as winged bulls, derived from the colossal bulls used as protective jinn of royal palaces. From Chaldea, the term shedu traveled to the Israelites, the writers of the Tanach applied the word as a dialogism to Canaanite deities. There are indications that demons in popular Hebrew mythology were believed to come from the nether world, various diseases and ailments were ascribed to them, particularly those affecting the brain and those of internal nature. Examples include catalepsy, headache, epilepsy and nightmares, there also existed a demon of blindness, Shabriri who rested on uncovered water at night and blinded those who drank from it. Demons supposedly entered the body and caused the disease while overwhelming or seizing the victim, to cure such diseases, it was necessary to draw out the evil demons by certain incantations and talismanic performances, at which the Essenes excelled. In mythology, there were few defences against Babylonian demons, the mythical mace Sharur had the power to slay demons such as Asag, a legendary gallu or edimmu of hideous strength. As referring to the existence or non-existence of shedim there are converse opinions in Judaism, there are practically nil roles assigned to demons in the Jewish Bible. In conclusion, Jews are not obligated to believe in the existence of shedim, the word shedim appears only in two places in the Tanakh
32.
Reaper (TV series)
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Reaper is an American comedy television series that focuses on Sam Oliver, a reaper who works for the Devil by retrieving souls that have escaped from Hell. The series originally ran on The CW from September 25,2007 to May 26,2009, produced by ABC Studios and The Mark Gordon Company, Reaper aired on Tuesday nights at 8, 00PM Eastern/7, 00PM Central on The CW. However, the rights for the show have been given to Fox for its broadcast in Asia, Sam Oliver lives at home with his parents in the Seattle area. Sam dropped out of college and took a job at the Work Bench. He spent the rest of his hanging out, playing video games. On Sams 21st birthday, his parents behave very strangely, and Sam himself sees hellish visions and his father eventually claims that many years ago, he was very sick, and in return for restoring his health, he and his wife promised their firstborn child to the Devil. Vessels appear inside a wooden box sent for Sam to open. Examples throughout the series have included a Dirt Devil vacuum cleaner, a Taser gun, although Sam initially balks, Satan tells him that should he refuse, then Sams mothers soul is forfeit. Unwilling to sacrifice his mother, and convinced that he is doing good in the world by tracking down evil souls, with the help of his slacker friends Sock and Ben, he begins his new life tracking down the corrupted souls trying to escape their own eternal punishment. Reaper premiered on September 25,2007 in the U. S. airing on Tuesday nights at 9, 00PM Eastern/8, 00PM Central on the CW, following Beauty and the Geek. The series had a full 18 episode order for the 2007-2008 season, Reaper stopped airing new episodes after the tenth episode due to the industry-wide 2007-2008 Writers Guild of America strike. It resumed new pre-strike episodes for three weeks on Thursdays in March, and began airing episodes on April 22,2008. On May 12,2008, Reaper was officially renewed for a 13-episode second, on May 19,2009, Reaper was officially cancelled by The CW. However, ABC Studios was still in negotiations with CW affiliates to syndicate the show, Tyler Labine who plays Sock posted on his Facebook account that Reaper is officially cancelled and will not be returning. The pilot script which was written by creators/executive producers Michele Fazekas, Mark Gordon and Deborah Spera also joined the project as executive producers under the formers production banner at Touchstone Television, The Mark Gordon Company. The network green-lighted a pilot order for the script in January 2007, the CW gave the series an early pick-up and a 13-episode order on May 15,2007. While initially not making a season order, The CW eventually ordered an additional 3 episodes. Additional episodes were ordered to fill in the first season after the strike was resolved
33.
Kevin Smith
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Kevin Patrick Smith is an American filmmaker, actor, comedian, public speaker, comic book writer, author, and podcaster. He came to prominence with the comedy film Clerks, which he wrote, directed, co-produced. Jay and Silent Bob have appeared in Smiths follow-up films Mallrats, Chasing Amy, Dogma, and Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back which were set primarily in his home state of New Jersey. Smith also directed and produced such as the buddy cop action comedy Cop Out, the horror film Red State, and the horror comedy Tusk. Smith is the owner of Jay and Silent Bobs Secret Stash and he also hosts the movie-review television show Spoilers. As a podcaster, Smith co-hosts several shows on his own SModcast Podcast Network, including SModcast, Fatman on Batman, Smith is well known for participating in long, humorous Q&A sessions that are often filmed for DVD release, beginning with An Evening with Kevin Smith. Kevin Smith was born on August 2,1970 in Red Bank, New Jersey, the son of Grace, a homemaker, and Donald E. Smith and he has an older sister, Virginia, and an older brother, Donald Smith, Jr. He was raised in a Catholic household, in the nearby clamming town of Highlands, as a child, Smiths days were scheduled around Donalds late shifts at the post office. Donald grew to despise his job, which greatly influenced Smith, Smith vowed never to work at something that he did not enjoy. Smith later attended Henry Hudson Regional High School, where as a B and C student, he would videotape school basketball games, an overweight teen, he developed into a comedic observer of life in order to successfully socialize with friends and girls. After high school, Smith attended the New School in New York, but did not graduate On his 21st birthday, Smith went to see Richard Linklaters comedy Slacker. Smith relates, It was the movie that got me off my ass, it was the movie that lit a fire under me, and I had never seen a movie like that before ever in my life. To finance the film, Smith maxed out more than a credit cards and sold his much-treasured comic book collection. He cast friends and acquaintances in the major parts. Clerks was screened at the Sundance Film Festival in 1994, where it won the Filmmakers Trophy, at a restaurant following the screening, Miramax executive Harvey Weinstein invited Smith to join him at his table, where he offered to buy the movie. In May 1994, it went to the Cannes International Film Festival, released in October 1994 in two cities, the film went on to play in 50 markets, never playing on more than fifty screens at any given time. Despite the limited release, it was a critical and financial success, initially, the film received an NC-17 rating from the MPAA, solely for the sexually graphic language. Smiths second film, Mallrats, which marked Jason Lees debut as a leading man and it received a critical drubbing and earned merely $2.2 million at the box office, despite playing on more than 500 screens
34.
2 Broke Girls
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2 Broke Girls is an American television sitcom created for Warner Bros. Television by Michael Patrick King and Whitney Cummings and it premiered in the United States on CBS on September 19,2011. Set in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City, since its debut, the series has received a polarized response from critics and audiences alike. The on-screen chemistry between the two lead characters has been praised, while others have condemned the shows reliance on sexualized humor and it was nominated for three 2012 Emmy Awards, winning for Art Direction. On March 25,2016, the show was renewed for a sixth season, the two work together at a Brooklyn diner, soon becoming roommates and friends while building toward their dream of one day opening a cupcake shop. Among those working with them at the restaurant are their boss, Han Lee, Oleg, an upbeat but perverted Ukrainian cook, and Earl, a 75-year-old cashier. Also featured starting late in the first season is their neighbor and part-time boss Sophie, during most of the first season Max is also a part-time nanny for the twin babies of Peach Landis, who during the season adopts Carolines horse Chestnut. At the end of episode a tally shows how much they have made toward their goal of $250,000. Early in the season, Sophie lends the girls $20,000. During the third season, the girls reopen the business in the room of the diner. Max also enrolls in, and Caroline goes to work for, the Manhattan School of Pastry, Caroline has a brief affair with the Pastry School Head Chef Nicholas, which eventually leads to Nicholas closing down the school and moving back to France with his wife. They also attempt to get Dekes parents to invest in the school, planning to run it by themselves. During Season 4, the start their Cupcake T-shirt Business which succeeds briefly before going into the red. Max and Caroline end up in an elite class Pastry Shop called The High in order to more money to return the loan they took for their Cupcake T-shirt business. In Season 5, Caroline sells her story to a film producer for $250,000. She uses most of the money to expand their old space into the adjacent pizza shop. The remaining $30,000 is used to purchase part ownership in the diner in order to help Han pay off his debts from gambling on ladies tennis. While in Hollywood with Caroline consulting on her life story script, Max meets her second love interest in the series
35.
Foil (literature)
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In fiction, a foil is a character who contrasts with another character —usually the protagonist— in order to highlight particular qualities of the other character. In some cases, a subplot can be used as a foil to the main plot and this is especially true in the case of metafiction and the story within a story motif. The word foil comes from the old practice of backing gems with foil in order to make them shine more brightly, a foil usually either differs dramatically or is extremely similar but with a key difference setting them apart. The concept of a foil is also widely applied to any comparison that is made to contrast a difference between two things. In Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, the two characters, Dr. Frankenstein and his creature are both together literary foils, functioning to compare one to the other. In Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, Marys absorption in her studies places her as a foil to her sister Lydia Bennets lively, similarly, in Shakespeares play Julius Caesar, the character Brutus has foils in the two characters Cassius and Mark Antony
36.
Late Night with Conan O'Brien
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Late Night with Conan OBrien is an American late-night talk show hosted by Conan OBrien that aired 2,725 episodes on NBC between 1993 and 2009. The show featured varied comedic material, celebrity interviews, and musical, Late Night aired weeknights at 12,37 am Eastern/11,37 pm Central and 12,37 am Mountain in the United States. From 1993 until 2000, Andy Richter served as OBriens sidekick, following his departure, the shows house musical act was The Max Weinberg 7, led by E Street Band drummer Max Weinberg. In 2004, as part of a deal to secure a new contract, Jimmy Fallon began hosting his version of Late Night on March 2,2009. Upon Johnny Carsons retirement from The Tonight Show in 1992, executives at NBC announced that Carsons frequent guest-host Jay Leno would be Carsons replacement, NBC later said that Lettermans high ratings for Late Night were the reason they kept him where he was. Letterman was bitterly disappointed and angry at not having been given The Tonight Show job and, at Carsons advice, CBS signed Letterman to host his own show opposite The Tonight Show. He moved his show over to CBS virtually unchanged, taking most of the staff, skits, however, NBC owned the rights to the Late Night name, forcing Letterman to re-christen his show Late Show with David Letterman. NBC was not prepared to replace both Letterman and Late Night, aside from the name, it needed to build a new show. Both Dana Carvey and Garry Shandling declined to host it, Saturday Night Live producer Lorne Michaels was brought in to develop the new show and comedians Jon Stewart, Drew Carey, and Paul Provenza auditioned to host. Michaels suggested to Conan OBrien, a writer for The Simpsons and former writer for Saturday Night Live. Despite having about 40 seconds of television-performance experience as an extra on Saturday Night Live sketches. His guests were Jason Alexander and Mimi Rogers, and the took place on the set of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. OBrien was offered the show on April 26, and made his first meaningful television appearance later that day when Leno introduced him on Tonight, on the final episode of his 16-year run, OBrien stated that he owed his career to Lorne Michaels. OBriens Late Night debuted on September 13,1993, with Andy Richter chosen as OBriens sidekick, the premiere episode featured John Goodman, Drew Barrymore, and Tony Randall. The episode featured a cold open of OBriens walk to the studio with constant reminders that he was expected to live up to Letterman, after seeming to be unaffected by the comments, OBrien arrives at his dressing room and cheerfully prepares to hang himself. However, a warning that the show is about to start causes him to abandon his plans, OBriens inexperience was apparent and the show was generally considered mediocre by critics in terms of the hosts ability. The Chicago Sun-Times Lon Grankhe called OBrien nervous, unprepared and generally geeky and Tom Shales wrote As for OBrien and he giggles and titters, jiggles about and fiddles with his cuffs. He has dark, beady little eyes like a rabbit, hes one of the whitest white men ever
37.
Juilliard School
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The Juilliard School located in the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, is a performing arts conservatory established in 1905. It is informally referred to as Juilliard, the school trains about 850 undergraduate and graduate students in dance, drama, and music. It is widely regarded as one of the leading music schools. In 2016, QS Quacquarelli Symonds ranked it as the worlds best institution for Performing Arts in their global ranking of the discipline. The Institute opened in the former Lenox Mansion, Fifth Avenue and 12th Street and it moved in 1910 to 120 Claremont Avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, onto a property purchased from Bloomingdale Insane Asylum. In 1920, the Juilliard Foundation was created, named after textile merchant Augustus D. Juilliard, in 1924, the foundation purchased the Vanderbilt family guesthouse at 49 E. 52nd Street and established the Juilliard Graduate School. In 1926, the Juilliard School of Music was created through a merger of the Institute of Musical Art, the two schools shared a common Board of Directors and President but retained their distinct identities. The conductor and music-educator Frank Damrosch continued as the Institutes dean, in 1937, Hutcheson succeeded Erskine as president of the two institutions, a job he held until 1945. In 1946, the Institute of Musical Art and the Juilliard Graduate School completely merged to form a single institution, the president of the school at that time was William Schuman, the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Music. Schuman established the Juilliard String Quartet in 1946 and the Dance Division in 1951, William Schuman graduated from Columbias Teachers College and attended the Juilliard Summer School in 1932,1933 and 1936. While attending Juilliard Summer School, he developed a dislike for traditional music theory and ear training curricula, finding little value in counterpoint. L&M was Schumans reaction against more formal theory and ear training, the general mandate was to give the student an awareness of the dynamic nature of the materials of music. The quality and degree of each students education in harmony, music history or ear training was dependent on how each composer-teacher decided to interpret this mandate, William Schuman resigned as president of Juilliard after being elected president of Lincoln Center in 1962. Peter Mennin, another composer with experience at the Peabody Conservatory, was elected as his successor. Mennin made significant changes to the L&M program—ending ear training and music history, in 1968, Mennin hired John Houseman to manage a new Drama Division, and in 1969 oversaw Juilliards relocation from Claremont Avenue to Lincoln Center. Polisis many accomplishments include philanthropic successes, broadening of the curriculum, in 2001, the school established a jazz performance training program. In 1999, the Juilliard School was awarded the National Medal of Arts, in 2006, Juilliard received a trove of precious music manuscripts from board chair and philanthropist Bruce Kovner. Many of the manuscripts had been unavailable for generations,2, and manuscripts of Brahmss Symphony No.2 and Piano Concerto No.2
38.
Academic degree
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An academic degree is a qualification awarded on successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university. These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, typically including bachelors, master’s and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates, and professional degrees. The most common degree is the bachelors degree, although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees while in others a higher-level first degree is more usual. The degrees awarded by European universities—the bachelor’s degree, the licentiate, the degree. The doctorate appeared in medieval Europe as a license to teach at a medieval university and its roots can be traced to the early church when the term doctor referred to the Apostles, church fathers and other Christian authorities who taught and interpreted the Bible. The right to grant a licentia docendi was originally reserved to the church required the applicant to pass a test, to take oath of allegiance. The Third Council of the Lateran of 1179 guaranteed the access – now largely free of charge – of all able applicants, at the university, doctoral training was a form of apprenticeship to a guild. The traditional term of study before new teachers were admitted to the guild of Master of Arts, originally the terms master and doctor were synonymous, but over time the doctorate came to be regarded as a higher qualification than the master degree. The earliest doctoral degrees reflected the historical separation of all higher University study into three fields. Over time, the D. D. has gradually become less common outside theology, Studies outside theology, law, and medicine were then called philosophy, due to the Renaissance conviction that real knowledge could be derived from empirical observation. The degree title of Doctor of Philosophy is of a later time. Studies in what once was called philosophy are now classified as sciences and humanities, Master of Arts were eligible to enter study under the higher faculties of Law, Medicine or Theology, and earn first a bachelors and then master or doctors degrees in these subjects. Thus a degree was only a step on the way to becoming a qualified master – hence the English word graduate. The naming of degrees eventually became linked with the subjects studied, scholars in the faculties of arts or grammar became known as master, but those in theology, medicine, and law were known as doctor. As study in the arts or in grammar was a prerequisite to study in subjects such as theology, medicine and law. The practice of using the doctor for PhDs developed within German universities. The French terminology is tied closely to the meanings of the terms. The baccalauréat is conferred upon French students who have completed their secondary education
39.
The Sunday Times
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The Sunday Times is the largest-selling British national newspaper in the quality press market category. It is published by Times Newspapers Ltd, a subsidiary of News UK, Times Newspapers also publishes The Times. The two papers were founded independently and have been under common ownership only since 1966 and they were bought by News International in 1981. The Sunday Times occupies a dominant position in the quality Sunday market, its circulation of just under one million equals that of its rivals, The Sunday Telegraph and The Observer. While some other national newspapers moved to a format in the early 2000s. It sells more than twice as many copies as its sister paper, The Times, the Sunday Times has acquired a reputation for the strength of its investigative reporting – much of it by its award-winning Insight team – and also for its wide-ranging foreign coverage. It has a number of writers, columnists and commentators including Jeremy Clarkson. It was Britains first multi-section newspaper and remains substantially larger than its rivals, a typical edition contains the equivalent of 450 to 500 tabloid pages. Besides the main section, it has standalone News Review, Business, Sport, Money. There are three magazines and two tabloid supplements and it publishes The Sunday Times Bestseller List of books in Britain, and a list of the 100 Best Companies to Work For, focusing on UK companies. It also organises The Sunday Times Oxford Literary Festival, held annually, and The Sunday Times Festival of Education, the paper began publication on 18 February 1821 as The New Observer, but from 21 April its title was changed to the Independent Observer. On 20 October 1822 it was reborn as The Sunday Times, in January 1823, White sold the paper to Daniel Whittle Harvey, a radical politician. The paper was bought in 1887 by Alice Cornwell, whose father George Cornwell made a fortune in mining in Australia and she then sold it in 1893 to Frederick Beer, who already owned Observer. Beer appointed his wife, Rachel Sassoon Beer, as editor and she was already editor of Observer – the first woman to run a national newspaper – and continued to edit both titles until 1901. There was a change of ownership in 1903, and then in 1915 the paper was bought by William Berry and his brother, Gomer Berry, later ennobled as Lord Camrose. In 1943, the Kemsley Newspapers Group was established, with The Sunday Times becoming its flagship paper, at this time, Kemsley was the largest newspaper group in Britain. On 12 November 1945, Ian Fleming, who later created James Bond, joined the paper as foreign manager, the following month, circulation reached 500,000. On 28 September 1958 the paper launched a separate Review section, in 1959 the Kemsley group was bought by Lord Thomson, and in October 1960 circulation reached one million for the first time
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