1.
Star Wars
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Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of characters a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. The franchise began in 1977 with the release of the film Star Wars and it was followed by the successful sequels The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, these three films constitute the original Star Wars trilogy. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, which received mixed-to-negative reactions, a sequel trilogy began in 2015 with the release of Star Wars, The Force Awakens. All seven films were nominated for Academy Awards and have been successes, with a combined box office revenue of over $7.5 billion. Spin-off films include Star Wars, The Clone Wars and Rogue One, Star Wars also holds a Guinness World Records title for the Most successful film merchandising franchise. In 2015, the value of the Star Wars franchise was estimated at USD $42 billion. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm for $4.06 billion and earned the rights to all subsequent Star Wars films. Walt Disney Studios owns digital distribution rights to all the Star Wars films, the events depicted in the Star Wars franchise take place in an unnamed fictional galaxy at an undetermined point in the distant past. Many species of creatures are depicted. Robotic droids are also commonplace and are built to serve their owners. Space travel is common, and many planets in the galaxy are members of a single galactic government. In the prequel trilogy, this is depicted in the form of the Galactic Republic, at the end of the trilogy and throughout the original trilogy. Preceding and during the trilogy, this government is the New Republic. One of the prominent elements of Star Wars is the Force and it is described in the first produced film as an energy field created by all living things surrounds us, penetrates us, binds the galaxy together. While the Force can be used for good, known as the side, it also has a dark side that, when pursued, imbues users with hatred, aggression. The sequel trilogy introduces the Knights of Ren, an order of practitioners of the side of the Force aligned with the First Order. The first film in the series, Star Wars, was released on May 25,1977 and this was followed by two sequels, The Empire Strikes Back, released on May 21,1980, and Return of the Jedi, released on May 25,1983
Star Wars
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A street performer in costume as
Darth Vader in
Amsterdam. Vader is one of the most iconic characters of the Star Wars franchise.
Star Wars
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The Star Wars logo as seen in all films
Star Wars
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George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars
Star Wars
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John Williams, composer of the musical
scores for all six films of the original and prequel trilogies.
2.
Star Wars Celebration
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Star Wars Celebration is a fan gathering to celebrate the Star Wars franchise. It began in 1999, when Lucasfilm held the Star Wars Celebration in Denver, Colorado to celebrate the release of Star Wars. Subsequent events have taken place to welcome Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith, the eighth such event, the sixth to be held in the United States, took place in August 2012 in Orlando, Florida. The Star Wars Celebration was held from April 30-May 2,1999, at the Wings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum in Denver, Colorado, just three weeks before the release of The Phantom Menace. An event for the fans, by the fans, Star Wars Celebration took place in the hometown of the Official Star Wars Fan Club, headed by Dan Madsen. The Fan Club is based here in Denver, says Madsen, from May 3–5,2002, Star Wars Celebration II was held to celebrate the upcoming release of Attack of the Clones. The convention was moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, to use of the larger Indiana Convention Center. Downtown Indianapolis was invaded by multitudes of Star Wars fans, the initial projection of 15-20,000 people per day based on advance ticket sales was well surpassed, and reached critical mass on Saturday. The estimated final tally was a little over 75,000 people for the three-day event, the two places that received the most traffic were the Fan Club store and the autograph section, specifically for Carrie Fisher. Highlights of the event included the Rick McCallum Spectacular and Saturday nights Star Wars 25th Anniversary Concert, the Star Wars Celebration returned to Indianapolis from April 21–24,2005, to commemorate the release of the final film in the saga, Revenge of the Sith. With over 34,000 fans in attendance over the course of four days, Celebration III brought actor panels, costume contests, fan films, the Lucasfilm archive provided many important props and costumes for display. With approximately 10,000 fans in attendance, Lucas personally answered several dozen fans questions about the saga. On May 26,2006, StarWars. com announced Star Wars Celebration IV to be held May 24–28,2007 to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the first Star Wars film, c4 was located at the Los Angeles Convention Center in Los Angeles. In addition, there were collector and costuming panels, including sneak peeks of the upcoming Clone Wars animated series, fans were the first to see the footage of this series on Sunday morning as well. An estimated 35,000 people walked through the doors for Celebration IV over the Memorial Day weekend, after the event, Lucasfilm sued the hosting entity, GenCon, for a variety of reasons, forcing GenCon into Chapter 11 bankruptcy. On September 25,2006 StarWars. com announced Star Wars Celebration Europe to be held July 13–15,2007 to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the first Star Wars film, CE was to be located at Earls Court in London. But on November 22,2006 StarWars. com announced due to Advance interest in Celebration Europe the event would be moved to the larger venue located at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre in London. The event also had on some of the largest restored Star Wars Arcade collection, estimated at around 30 to 40 machines
Star Wars Celebration
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Members of the
501st Stormtrooper Legion march at C3
Star Wars Celebration
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Star Wars Celebration main entrance
3.
Star Wars: The Force Awakens
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Star Wars, The Force Awakens is a 2015 American epic space opera film directed, co-produced, and co-written by J. J. Abrams. The Force Awakens was announced after The Walt Disney Companys acquisition of Lucasfilm in October 2012 and it was produced by Abrams, his longtime collaborator Bryan Burk, and Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy. Abrams and Lawrence Kasdan, co-writer of the trilogy films The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi. John Williams, composer for the six films, returned to compose the films score. Lucas served as consultant during the films early production. Filming began in April 2014 in Abu Dhabi and Iceland, with photography also taking place in Ireland and Pinewood Studios in England. It is the first live-action film in the franchise since Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, Star Wars, The Force Awakens was widely anticipated, and Disney backed the film with extensive marketing campaigns. It premiered in Los Angeles on December 14,2015, four days before its release worldwide. It received five Academy Award nominations and four British Academy Film Award nominations, two sequels, Star Wars, The Last Jedi and Episode IX, are scheduled for release in 2017 and 2019, respectively. Three decades after the destruction of the second Death Star, the First Order has risen from the fallen Galactic Empire, the Resistance, backed by the Republic and led by General Leia Organa, opposes them while searching for her brother, Luke Skywalker, to enlist his aid. Resistance pilot Poe Dameron meets village elder Lor San Tekka on the planet Jakku to obtain a map to Lukes location, stormtroopers commanded by Kylo Ren destroy the village and capture Poe, while Ren kills Tekka. Poes droid, BB-8, escapes with the map and encounters a scavenger named Rey near a junkyard settlement, Ren tortures Poe using the Force, and learns of BB-8. Stormtrooper FN-2187, unwilling to kill, frees Poe, and they escape in a stolen TIE fighter and they crash on Jakku, and Finn survives, but Poe is believed to have been killed in the crash. Finn encounters Rey and BB-8, but the First Order tracks them, Finn, Rey, and BB-8 flee the planet in the Millennium Falcon, which they steal from a junkyard. The Falcon is captured by a ship piloted by Han Solo and Chewbacca. Two rival gangs, seeking to settle debts with Han, board and attack, the gangs inform the First Order. At the First Orders Starkiller Base – a planet converted into a superweapon that harnesses energy from stars – Supreme Leader Snoke orders General Hux to use the weapon for the first time. Snoke questions Rens ability to deal with emotions relating to his father, Han Solo, the Falcon crew views BB-8s map and determines it is incomplete
Star Wars: The Force Awakens
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Theatrical release poster
Star Wars: The Force Awakens
Star Wars: The Force Awakens
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(L-R) Producer
Kathleen Kennedy, writer and director
J. J. Abrams and writer
Lawrence Kasdan speaking at the 2015
San Diego Comic-Con International
Star Wars: The Force Awakens
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The cast of Star Wars: The Force Awakens at the 2015 San Diego Comic Con International (L–R:
John Boyega,
Daisy Ridley,
Oscar Isaac,
Adam Driver,
Domhnall Gleeson,
Gwendoline Christie,
Carrie Fisher,
Mark Hamill and
Harrison Ford)
4.
Lawrence Kasdan
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Lawrence Edward Kasdan is an American screenwriter, director and producer. He is best known as co-writer of the films The Empire Strikes Back, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Kasdan co-wrote the Star Wars sequel trilogy film Star Wars, The Force Awakens, and will co-write the series Han Solo spin-off film. He has been nominated for three Oscars, twice for Best Original Screenplay for The Big Chill and Grand Canyon and once for Best Adapted Screenplay for The Accidental Tourist and he is the father of directors Jake Kasdan and Jon Kasdan, and the father-in-law of musician Inara George. Kasdan was born in Miami, Florida, the son of Sylvia Sarah, an employment counselor, and Clarence Norman Kasdan and his brother is the writer/producer Mark Kasdan. He was raised in Morgantown, West Virginia, where he graduated from Morgantown High School in 1966 and he graduated from the University of Michigan with an MA in Education, originally planning on a career as an English teacher. He won a Hopwood Award for writing during the time of his studies and he was a student of Professor Kenneth Thorpe Rowe. Kasdan made his debut with Body Heat, which he also wrote. Lucas later commissioned Kasdan to write the screenplay for Return of the Jedi, Kasdan is known for both writing and directing his films, which have ranged from Westerns and romantic comedies to thought-provoking dramas. He has received four Academy Award nominations, for screenplays to The Big Chill, Grand Canyon, Grand Canyon won the Golden Bear at the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival. The exception was 1995s French Kiss, which grossed $100 million, in 2001, Kasdan was the recipient of the Austin Film Festivals Distinguished Screenwriter Award. In 2006, Kasdan received the Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement from the Writers Guild of America, Kasdan directed the 2012 dramedy Darling Companion, starring Diane Keaton and Kevin Kline. In October 2013, it was announced that JJ Abrams had taken over screenwriting duties for Star Wars Episode VII, working alongside Kasdan, lawrence Kasdan at the Internet Movie Database
Lawrence Kasdan
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Kasdan at the 2015
San Diego Comic-Con International.
5.
J. J. Abrams
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Jeffrey Jacob J. J. Abrams is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, and composer. He is known for work in the genres of action, drama, Abrams wrote and/or produced feature films such as Regarding Henry, Forever Young, Armageddon, Cloverfield, and Star Wars, The Force Awakens. He created or co-created a number of TV drama series, including Felicity, Alias, Lost, Abrams won two Emmy Awards for Lost—Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series and Outstanding Drama Series. His directorial film work includes Star Trek and its sequel Star Trek Into Darkness, Mission, Impossible III, and Super 8. He also directed and co-wrote Star Wars, The Force Awakens, Abrams was born in New York City and raised in Los Angeles, the son of television producer Gerald W. Abrams and executive producer Carol Ann Abrams. His sister is screenwriter Tracy Rosen, Abramss first job in the movie business started at 15 when he wrote the music for Don Dohlers 1982 film Nightbeast. During his senior year at college, he teamed with Jill Mazursky to write a film treatment. Purchased by Touchstone Pictures, the treatment was the basis for Taking Care of Business, Abramss first produced film and he followed with Regarding Henry, starring Harrison Ford, and Forever Young, starring Mel Gibson. He also co-wrote with Mazursky the script for the comedy Gone Fishin starring Joe Pesci, Abrams worked on the screenplay for the 1998 film Armageddon with producer Jerry Bruckheimer and director Michael Bay. That same year, he made his first foray into television with Felicity and he also composed its opening theme music. Under his production company, Bad Robot, which he founded with Bryan Burk in 2001, Abrams created and executive-produced ABCs Alias and is co-creator and he later co-wrote the teleplay for Losts third season premiere A Tale of Two Cities. As with Felicity, Abrams also composed the theme music for Alias. In 2001, Abrams co-wrote and produced the thriller Joy Ride, in 2006, he served as executive producer of What About Brian and Six Degrees, also on ABC. Abrams directed and wrote the pilot for Lost and remained active producer for the first half of the season. That same year, he made his directorial debut in 2006 with Mission, Impossible III. Abrams spoke at the TED conference in 2007, in 2008, Abrams produced the monster movie Cloverfield. In 2009, he directed the fiction film Star Trek. In 2008, Abrams co-created, executive produced, and co-wrote the FOX science fiction series Fringe and he was featured in the 2009 MTV Movie Awards 1980s-style digital short Cool Guys Dont Look at Explosions, with Andy Samberg and Will Ferrell, in which he plays a keyboard solo
J. J. Abrams
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Abrams at the 2015
San Diego Comic-Con International
J. J. Abrams
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Abrams at the
Time 100 Gala (2010) in Manhattan
6.
Michael Arndt
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Michael Arndt is an American screenwriter. He is best known as the writer of the films Little Miss Sunshine, Toy Story 3 and Star Wars, Arndt won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Little Miss Sunshine and was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay for Toy Story 3. This made Arndt the first screenwriter ever to be nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and Best Adapted Screenplay for his first two screenplays and he has also been credited under the pseudonyms Michael deBruyn and Rick Kerb, which are mainly used for script revisions. Arndt was born in McLean, Virginia, Arndts father was a member of the Foreign Service, and as a result he lived in various countries, including Sri Lanka and India, he also lived in Virginia for a time. Arndt graduated from Langley High School in McLean, and also attended The Potomac School and he graduated from the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. Arndt was a reader for some time, and was a personal assistant to actor Matthew Broderick until late 1999. His identical twin brother, David, is a professor at St. Marys College of California, Arndt wrote the first draft of Little Miss Sunshine in three days between May 23–26,2000. From that initial draft, he made approximately 100 revisions over the course of a year, requesting input from friends and family. Arndt considered directing the film himself as a no-budget, DV feature due to his concern of the story being just too small, dayton and Faris were signed on by producer Marc Turtletaub, who purchased the script from Arndt for $250,000, on December 21,2001. The project was set up at Focus Features, where it was in stages of pre-production for approximately three years. During that time, Arndt was fired when he objected to centralizing the story on Richard Hoover, Arndt resumed work on the script, which continued through production and into post-production, The final scene of the movie was written and shot about eight weeks before, he said. Following its theatrical release on August 18,2006, Little Miss Sunshine won many prizes and he was later invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Arndt was one of several screenwriters brought on to perform script revisions for Men in Black 3, Arndt wrote the script for The Hunger Games sequel, The Hunger Games, Catching Fire, based on the best-selling novel of the same name by Suzanne Collins. In November 2012, Arndt was announced as the screenwriter for Star Wars, in October 2013, it was announced that Lawrence Kasdan and director J. J. Abrams were rewriting Arndts script. Closet screenwriter Arndt comes into light, archived from the original on August 15,2007. Michael Arndt at the Internet Movie Database Interview with Michael Arndt about writing Little Miss Sunshine
Michael Arndt
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Arndt in 2007, speaking at
Cody's Books about
Little Miss Sunshine
7.
Adam Driver
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Adam Douglas Driver is an American actor. He made his Broadway debut in Mrs. Warrens Profession, in 2011, he returned to Broadway in Man and Boy and made his feature film debut in J. Edgar. Driver has appeared in supporting roles in a range of films, including Lincoln, Frances Ha. He starred in While Were Young and won the Volpi Cup for his role in Hungry Hearts, as well as several best actor awards for his performance in Jim Jarmuschs Paterson. Driver gained worldwide attention and acclaim for playing the villain Kylo Ren in Star Wars, The Force Awakens and he is also the founder of Arts in the Armed Forces, a nonprofit that performs theater for all branches of the military, both in the US and abroad. Driver was born in Fontana, San Bernardino County, California, on November 19,1983, the son of Nancy Wright, a paralegal and his fathers family is from Arkansas and his mothers family is from Indiana. His stepfather, Rodney G. Wright, is a minister at a Baptist church, when Driver was seven years old, he moved with his mother and older sister April to her hometown of Mishawaka, Indiana, where he grew up. Driver had an upbringing, and sang in choir at church. Shortly after the September 11 attacks, Driver joined the United States Marine Corps and was assigned to Weapons Company, 1st Battalion and he served for two years and eight months with no deployments before breaking his sternum while mountain biking. He was medically discharged before his unit deployed to Iraq for the Iraq War, after leaving the Marine Corps, Driver attended the University of Indianapolis for a year, he transferred to the Juilliard School to study drama. Driver said that he was seen as an intimidating and volatile figure to his classmates and he was a member of the Drama Divisions Group 38, along with his future wife Joanne Tucker. He graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 2009, following his graduation from Juilliard, Driver began acting in New York City, appearing in both Broadway and off-Broadway productions. Like many other aspiring actors, he worked as a busboy. Driver appeared in television shows and short films. He made his film debut in Clint Eastwoods J. Edgar. In 2012, Driver was cast in the current HBO hit comedy-drama series Girls, to date, he has received three nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his role. Apart from appearing in the short film Not Waving But Drowning and he played Samuel Beckwith in Steven Spielbergs Lincoln and played Lev Shapiro in Noah Baumbachs Frances Ha. Driver appeared in four films in 2013, Bluebird, The F Word, as musician Al Cody in the Coen Brothers Inside Llewyn Davis, for his role in Hungry Hearts, Driver won the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the 71st Venice International Film Festival
Adam Driver
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Driver at the 2015
San Diego Comic-Con International
Adam Driver
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Driver with wife Joanne Tucker at the 2014 Toronto Film Festival
8.
Voice acting
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Voice acting is the art of doing voice-overs or providing voices to represent a character or to provide information to an audience or user. Voice acting is also done for small handheld audio games, performers are called voice actors or actresses, voice artists, or voice talent. Their roles may also involve singing, although a voice actor is sometimes cast as the characters singing voice. Voice acting is recognised in Britain as a specialized dramatic profession, Voice artists are also used to record the individual sample fragments played back by a computer in an automated announcement. The voices for animated characters are provided by voice actors, for live action productions, voice acting often involves reading the parts of computer programs, radio dispatchers, or other characters who never actually appear on screen. With a radio drama or CD drama, there is freedom in voice acting, because there is no need to match a dub to the original actors. In the context of voice acting, narration is the use of commentary to convey a story to an audience. A narrator is a character or a non-personal voice that the creator of the story develops to deliver information to the audience. The voice actor who plays the narrator is responsible for performing the lines assigned to the narrator. In traditional literary narratives, narration is a story element, in other types of narratives, such as plays, television shows, video games. One of the most common uses for voice acting is within commercial advertising, the voice actor is hired to voice a message associated with the advertisement. This has different subgenres, television, radio, cinema, the subgenres are all different styles in their own right. Voiceover used in commercial adverts also is the area of voice acting where de-breathing is used. De-breathing means artificially removing breaths from the recorded voice and this is done to stop the audience being distracted in any way from the commercial message that is being put across. Dub localization is a type of voice-over and it is the practice of voice-over translation altering a foreign language film, art film or television series by voice actors. Voice-over translation is an audiovisual translation technique, in which, unlike in Dub localization, actor voices are recorded over the audio track. This method of translation is most often used in documentaries and news reports to translate words of foreign-language interviewees, automated dialogue replacement is the process of re-recording dialogue by the original actor after the filming process to improve audio quality or reflect dialogue changes. ADR is also used to change original lines recorded on set to clarify context, improve diction or timing, in the UK, it is also called post-synchronization or post-sync
Voice acting
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Voice actors in the
Sierra Leonean radio
soap opera Atunda Ayenda
Voice acting
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Actors dubbing a
television show in China while visitors look on, 1987.
9.
Disney Infinity 3.0
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It was developed by Avalanche Software, with additional help from Ninja Theory, Studio Gobo, Sumo Digital, and United Front Games. In contrast to how Disney Infinity 2.0 focused on Marvel characters, the game was announced on May 5,2015, and was released on August 28,2015 in Europe and on August 30,2015 in North America. Unlike the previous two games, this game was not released on handhelds and this game was the final video game published by Disney Interactive Studios and the end of the Disney Infinity series. Disney Infinity 3.0 features similar mechanics to Disney Infinity and Disney Infinity. Although sharing many key elements, the combat system has been redesigned to become more in-depth. The games combat system is influenced by the Star Wars, The Force Unleashed and its sequel, Kingdom Hearts, Devil May Cry, lightsabers have been integrated into combat, due to the inclusion of Star Wars characters. Characters who use lightsabers in combat can utilize additional weapons, for instance, playable character Luke Skywalker has the ability to use a blaster and a lightsaber, which used together can juggle enemies in the air. Full combos have been integrated, which allows the player to pause mid-combo, playable characters with the ability to use the Force, in Star Wars mythology, have the ability to push and pull enemies during combat. Special attacks, which were introduced in Disney Infinity, Marvel Super Heroes, have returned, only the bearer of a close-ranged type weapon, including the characters who have their own primary close-ranged weapons, and characters who can fly are able to perform an aerial combo. Instead of waiting for a bar to fill up for a special attack to be performed, a new feature allows the attack to be released early. Auto-lock when firing ranged weapons at targets has been enhanced, so no longer have to move closer to enemies in order to auto-lock on their positions. The Twilight of the Republic Playset storyline is based on the era of the Star Wars prequel trilogy, set during the events of Star Wars, The Clone Wars, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Anakin Skywalker, Yoda and Ahsoka Tano discover a reactivated Droid factory on the planet Geonosis. The four Jedi then decide to find out who is the mastermind behind the newly minted droid army, the Rise Against the Empire Playset storyline is based on the events of the classic Star Wars trilogy, with some differences. The Playset revolves around Luke Skywalker, his sister Leia, Han Solo, a playset based on Star Wars, The Force Awakens was released in December 2015, it was announced at the D23 Expo that the playset would feature Finn and Rey from the film. Kylo Ren and Poe Dameron were later confirmed as playable characters, in the Inside Out playset, Riley falls asleep watching a horror movie and chaos ensues in her subconscious. This scatters some of Rileys memories all over Imagination Land and the emotions must find, a play set featuring Marvel characters fighting each other on a series of levels. All Marvel characters from Disney Infinity 2.0 are playable in this playset, along with new characters introduced in 3.0, such as Hulkbuster, Ant-Man, Black Panther and this is also the first play set to utilize four-player local gameplay. In the Finding Dory playset, Dory learns of a flood at the Marine Life Institute that has washed the littlest fish into all the wrong tanks, together with Nemo, Marlin, Hank, Bailey and Destiny, she returns to rescue them and lead them out to safety
Disney Infinity 3.0
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A group of attendees at the
EB Games Expo 2015 play Disney Infinity 3.0 with featured Star Wars figurines.
Disney Infinity 3.0
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Disney Infinity 3.0
10.
Human (Star Wars)
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The first film in the series, Star Wars, was released on May 25,1977 and became a worldwide pop culture phenomenon, followed by five sequels and three prequels. Many species of creatures are depicted. The Falleen, a Star Wars species, are a race of human-like reptilian people who come from a world called Falleen in the Midrim region of the galaxy. They can change the color and hue of their skin to convey their emotional states, males of the race have strong pheromones which can attract women of most species easily. The females have the same talent, the Falleen seldom leave their world due to the belief that their species is superior to all others. A notable minor character from this race is Prince Xizor, another major villain was Darth Karrid of the Old Republic. They are probably the Yuuzhan Vong, who launched a siege on the galaxy from 25-30 ABY, the name Far-Outsiders is also used by the inhabitants of Zonama Sekot to describe the invaders that attacked their planet. The Ruling Families cant stop them, neither can any power in the region, suggesting that the term Far-Outsiders may apply to any unknown hostile race originating from outside the galaxy. Nym, a pirate from various Star Wars computer games was a Feeorin and it is said that Feeorins only grow stronger with age. Their homeworld was Odryn for a period of time in the Old Republic era, the controversial Jedi master Feln was a Feeorin leader. It has been stated in several Star Wars novels and comics that there are only roughly 1 million Feeorins left in the galaxy, not a well known species, the only reference is in Force Heretic 1-3 and Rogue Planet. They have icy blue skin, whitish hair, and live on Zonama Sekot, the planet provides them fleshy habitats constructed of its own mass. The Firrerreo are a species of near-humans from the planet Firrerre and they have two-toned hair and golden skin. In their culture, if someone says a Firrerreos name, the Firrerreo would be forced to serve the speaker and they no longer live on Firrerre, after the poisoning of their world by the Empire, they were loaded onto massive colony ships for a journey to another world. One of their own, a Force-sensitive named Hethrir, betrayed his people by the command of Darth Vader, after the deaths of Darth Vader and Palpatine, Hethrir returned and intercepted the colony ships. He disengaged the drives and left the sleeping Firrerre to drift in space and he plundered the ships for the valuable equipment onboard and took the children to sell as slaves. Hethrir kidnapped the children of Han Solo and Princess Leia Organa Solo, Anakin, Han was on a mission on the time and did not know of the kidnappings, so Princess Leia set out to find them herself. On her quest she stumbled upon the colony ships
Human (Star Wars)
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Jar Jar Binks, a Gungan
Human (Star Wars)
–
A Jawa with the
spore of a
sarlacc from "Fortune, Fate, and the Natural History of the Sarlacc",
Star Wars Tales 6 (2000).
11.
Jedi
–
The Jedi /ˈdʒɛˌdaɪ/ are the main protagonists in the Star Wars universe. They are depicted as an ancient monastic and academic meritocratic organization whose origin dates back to c.25,000 BBY. The Jedi Order mostly consists of polymaths, teachers, philosophers, scientists, engineers, physicians, diplomats and warriors, by serving others, the Jedi give of themselves through acts of charity, citizenship, and volunteerism. A Jedis ideology and strict way of life as a challenge to live up to is a recurring theme in the Star Wars universe. Their traditional weapon is the lightsaber, a device which generates a blade-like plasma controlled by a crystal, the fictional organization has inspired a real-world new religious movement, Jediism. As depicted in the canon, the Jedi study and utilize the Force, in order to help, like their counterparts, the Sith, their main weapon is the lightsaber. By training the mind and the body the Jedi seek to improve themselves by gaining unfettered access to the Force while also seeking to improve those individuals, the film Rogue One suggests that it relates to the planet Jedha, source of the kyber crystals used in lightsabers. George Lucas acknowledged Jedi concepts have been inspired by many sources, the work of the mythologist Joseph Campbell, especially his book The Hero with a Thousand Faces, directly influenced Lucas, and was what drove him to create the modern myth of Star Wars. The Lost Twenty was the given to a group of Jedi Masters—numbering twenty in total—who left the Jedi Order throughout its history. The first twelve of these ‘Lost Twenty’ left the Jedi Order before the Third Great Schism, these twelve Masters later became Dark Jedi who eventually founded the first Sith Empire. In the years preceding the Clone Wars, Jedi Master Dooku left the Jedi Order as a result of differences with his fellow Jedi, to commemorate these former Jedi, memorial statue busts were displayed at the Jedi Temple on Coruscant. The prequel films depict the Jedi in their prime, dealing with the presence of the dark side of the Force and determined to fight their mortal enemies. Once corrupted, Vader helps Palpatine hunt down and destroy all of the Jedi, leaving very few left, such as Jedi Masters Yoda. The first person to be issued this order was Clone Commander Cody, Darth Vader led Operation, Knightfall against the Jedi Temple with the 501st Legion while the rest of the clone army around the galaxy carried out Order 66. Palpatine convinced the people of the Republic that Jedi were corrupted warmongers responsible for prolonging the Clone Wars, Darth Vader continued to hunt and execute surviving Jedi by the thousands during the first 10 years of the Empires history. The Jedi are first introduced in the 1977 motion picture Star Wars as an order of monks who serve as the guardians of peace and justice in the galaxy. Obi-Wan Kenobi explains that the Galactic Empire had all but exterminated the Jedi some twenty years before the events of the film, Darth Vader is also established as the Jedis main enemy. By the end of the film, Luke is on the path to becoming a Jedi, the third film in the original trilogy, Return of the Jedi, ends with Luke redeeming Vader and helping to destroy the Empire, thus fulfilling his destiny as a Jedi
Jedi
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The Jedi were considered scholars of erudite lore, keepers of the peace, and the guardians of justice in the galaxy, with Jedi Masters often working together on missions with their respective Padawan apprentices in order to pass their knowledge and employ their abilities on the field.
12.
Han Solo
–
Han Solo is a character in the Star Wars franchise. In the original trilogy, Han and his co-pilot, Chewbacca. During the course of the Star Wars story, he becomes a figure in the Alliance. Star Wars creator George Lucas described the character as a loner who realizes the importance of being part of a group and helping for the common good. Han owes crime lord Jabba the Hutt a great deal of money and has a price on his head, Han and his passengers are attacked by Imperial stormtroopers, but escape by accelerating to light speed. When they arrive at Alderaan, however, they discover that the planet has been destroyed, the Falcon is then captured and held within the Death Star, a moon-sized battle station constructed by the Empire. Han and company hide from detection inside the Falcons smuggling bays and they discover that Princess Leia Organa is a prisoner on board, and Luke convinces Han to help rescue her by promising him a huge reward. They rescue Leia and escape, though Obi-Wan is killed by Sith Lord Darth Vader, after delivering Luke, Leia, C-3PO, and R2-D2 to the Rebel Alliance, Han and Chewbacca receive a payment for their services and prepare to leave. Luke asks Han to stay and help the Rebels attack the Death Star, Han has a change of heart and returns to save Lukes life during the films climactic battle scene, ultimately enabling Luke to destroy the Death Star. For his heroics, Han is presented with a medal of honor, Han helps Chewbacca join his family on the Wookiee homeworld Kashyyyk. He faces Imperial forces on Kashyyyk, and later joins Luke, Leia, R2-D2, C-3PO, Chewbacca, Han returns with the Rebel Alliance to Echo Base on the frozen planet of Hoth. While out on patrol with Luke, they witness a meteor strike the surface, Han returns to base while Luke decides to investigate. Han informs Leia and the General of Echo Base that he must leave in order to clear his debt with Jabba, before he can depart, it is discovered that Luke has not returned from his reconnaissance. Han rides out alone into the frozen Hoth wastelands, soon finding Luke badly injured, using his friends lightsaber, Han cuts open his tauntaun, providing Luke warmth while he builds a shelter until they can be rescued the next morning. Later, Han and Chewbacca are sent out to investigate another meteor strike and they discover that the meteor is actually an Imperial Probe Droid. The two succeed in destroying the probe, but not before the Empire is alerted to the location of Echo Base, when the Empire attacks Echo Base, Han, Chewie, Leia, and C-3PO narrowly escape on board the Millennium Falcon. Han evades a squad of Imperial TIE fighters by flying through an asteroid field, Han and Leia fall in love during the long journey. They manage to hide from the Imperial fleet long enough to escape, bounty hunter Boba Fett secretly follows the Falcon during this getaway
Han Solo
–
Harrison Ford as Han Solo in
Star Wars
13.
Princess Leia
–
Princess Leia Organa of Alderaan, later known as General Leia Organa, is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise, portrayed in films by Carrie Fisher. Introduced in the original Star Wars film in 1977, Leia is princess of the planet Alderaan, a member of the Imperial Senate and she thwarts the sinister Sith Lord Darth Vader and helps bring about the destruction of the Empires cataclysmic superweapon, the Death Star. In The Empire Strikes Back, Leia commands a Rebel base and evades Vader as she falls in love with the smuggler, Han Solo. In Return of the Jedi, Leia leads the operation to rescue Han from the crime lord Jabba the Hutt, and is revealed to be Vaders daughter and the twin sister of Luke Skywalker. The prequel film Revenge of the Sith establishes that the mother is Senator Padmé Amidala of Naboo. Leia is adopted by Senator Bail and Queen Breha Organa of Alderaan, in The Force Awakens, Leia is the founder and General of the Resistance against the First Order and has a son with Han named Ben, who goes by the name Kylo Ren. She becomes the Chief of State of the New Republic and a Jedi Master, One of the more popular Star Wars characters, Leia has been called a 1980s icon, a feminist hero and model for other adventure heroines. She has appeared in many works and merchandising, and has been referenced or parodied in several TV shows. Her cinnamon buns hairstyle from Star Wars and metal bikini from Return of the Jedi have become cultural icons, Leia was created by Star Wars creator George Lucas. In 1999, Lucas explained his early development of Leia, Luke and Obi-Wan Kenobi, The first talked about a princess, the second version involved a father, his son, and his daughter, the daughter was the heroine of the film. Now the daughter has become Luke, Mark Hamills character, There was also the story of two brothers where I transformed one of them into a sister. The older brother was imprisoned, and the sister had to rescue him. In the fourth draft it was established that Leia Organa came instead from Alderaan, Fisher was 19 when she was cast as Princess Leia, with actresses including Amy Irving, Cindy Williams and Jodie Foster also up for the role. Asked about Streep in 2015, Fisher said, Bullshit, but Jodie Foster was up for it. That one I knew the most, the second draft of the Return of the Jedi screenplay contained dialogue in which Obi-Wan tells Luke he has a twin sister. She and their mother were sent to the protection of friends in a distant system, the mother died shortly thereafter, and Lukes sister was adopted by Bens friends, the governor of Alderaan and his wife. Fisher explained in 1983, Leias real father left her mother when she was pregnant, I was adopted and grew up set apart from other people because I was a princess. Composer John Williams created a musical leitmotif for Leia which recurs throughout the Star Wars saga, Princess Leias Theme was recorded as a concert suite for the score of the 1977 film
Princess Leia
–
Promotional photo of Fisher wearing Princess Leia's characteristic hairstyle in Star Wars (1977)
Princess Leia
–
Lady of Elche
Princess Leia
–
Hopi girl, 1922
Princess Leia
–
Princess Leia (played by Carrie Fisher) in her iconic "metal bikini" slave outfit from Return of the Jedi (1983)
14.
Luke Skywalker
–
Luke Skywalker is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the original film trilogy of the Star Wars franchise created by George Lucas. The character, portrayed by Mark Hamill, is an important figure in the Rebel Alliances struggle against the Galactic Empire. The now non-canon Star Wars expanded universe depicts him as a powerful Jedi Master, husband of Mara Jade, in 2015, the character was selected by Empire magazine as the 50th greatest movie character of all time. On their list of the 100 Greatest Fictional Characters, Fandomania. com ranked the character at number 14, Luke Skywalker was initially called Anakin Starkiller, and went through multiple design changes. The character was at one point designed as a 60-year-old grizzled war hero, later as a Jedi Master, the last name Starkiller remained for the first few months of production, Hamill on-camera using the name Luke Starkiller the sole time he referred to himself during filming. Starkiller was dropped due to what Lucas called unpleasant connotations, after Hamill was involved in a car accident, the Wampa attack at the beginning of The Empire Strikes Back was written in to explain his facial injuries. An alternative ending pitched by George Lucas for Return of the Jedi was Luke assuming his fathers role as Darth Vader after the latters death, though Lawrence Kasdan favored the idea, Lucas ultimately declined, since the films were made for children. Another conclusion to the featured the character disappearing into the wilderness akin to Clint Eastwood in the spaghetti westerns. During the filming of the original Star Wars trilogy, George Lucas informed Hamill that he would be needed to reprise the role when he was middle aged, Lucas further explained that his role as Luke would be handing Excalibur to the next generation. Hamill had no reaction at the time, as he thought of making Star Wars films decades in the future as an abstract concept, Hamill learned of the sequel trilogy over the summer of 2012 at a Star Wars celebration during lunch where Lucas told him one was in development. Hamill recalled shaving his beard to portray The Trickster in The Flash, Hamill attended meetings for script readings, and helped conceal Lukes role in the film, instead of dialogue, he read stage directions. Abrams said it allowed him to remain involved and that his reading helped make an experience for everyone. In the prequel film, Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, Luke is born to Senator Padmé Amidala along with his twin sister, Luke Skywalker lives on a moisture farm on Tatooine with his Uncle Owen and Aunt Beru. Luke takes his first steps toward his destiny when he buys the droids C-3PO, when R2-D2 goes missing, Luke goes out to find him and encounters Obi-Wan Kenobi, an old hermit. Luke discovers that R2-D2 contains a message for Obi-Wan from Princess Leia Organa of Alderaan beseeching him to help her defeat the Galactic Empire, Obi-Wan says that he and Lukes father were once Jedi Knights, and that his father was murdered by a traitorous Jedi named Darth Vader. Obi-Wan presents Luke with his fathers lightsaber and offers to him to Alderaan and train him in the ways of the Force. Luke changes his mind when he returns home to find that Imperial stormtroopers have killed his aunt, Obi-Wan deactivates the tractor beam and he later sacrifices his life in a duel with Vader so that Luke and his friends can board the Falcon and escape. During the films battle scene, Luke joins the Rebel Alliance in attacking the Death Star
Luke Skywalker
–
Mark Hamill as Luke Skywalker in
Return of the Jedi
15.
Darth Vader
–
Darth Vader, also known by his birth name Anakin Skywalker, is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. The character was created by George Lucas and has been portrayed by numerous actors and his appearances span the first six Star Wars films, as well as Rogue One, and his character is heavily referenced in Star Wars, The Force Awakens. He is also an important character in the Star Wars expanded universe of television series, video games, novels, literature and comic books. Originally a Jedi prophesied to bring balance to the Force, he falls to the side of the Force and serves the evil Galactic Empire at the right hand of his Sith master. He is also the father of Luke Skywalker and Princess Leia Organa, grandfather of Kylo Ren, Darth Vader has become one of the most iconic villains in popular culture, and has been listed among the greatest villains and fictional characters ever. The American Film Institute listed him as the third greatest movie villain in history on 100 Years. 100 Heroes and Villains, behind Hannibal Lecter and Norman Bates, however, other critics consider him a tragic hero, citing his original motivations for the greater good before his fall to the dark side. After the success of the original Star Wars, series creator George Lucas hired science fiction author Leigh Brackett to write the sequel with him and they held story conferences and, by late November 1977, Lucas had produced a handwritten treatment. The treatment is similar to the film, except that Vader does not reveal he is Lukes father. In the first draft that Brackett would write from this, Lukes father appears as a ghost to instruct Luke, Lucas was disappointed with the script, but Brackett died of cancer before he could discuss it with her. With no writer available, Lucas had to write the next draft himself, in this draft, he made use of a new plot twist, Vader claiming to be Lukes father. According to Lucas, he found this draft enjoyable to write, the new plot element of Lukes parentage had drastic effects on the series. Anakin battled Kenobi on the site of a volcano and was badly wounded, meanwhile, Kenobi hid Luke on Tatooine while the Galactic Republic became the tyrannical Galactic Empire and Vader systematically hunted down and killed the Jedi. This change in character would provide a springboard to the Tragedy of Darth Vader storyline that underlies the prequel trilogy, after deciding to create the prequel trilogy, Lucas indicated the series would be a tragic one depicting Anakins fall to the dark side. He also saw that the prequels could form the beginning of one story that started with Anakins childhood. This was the step towards turning the film series into a saga. For the first prequel, Star Wars, Episode I – The Phantom Menace, Movie trailers focused on Anakin and a one-sheet poster showing him casting Vaders shadow informed otherwise unknowing audiences of the characters eventual fate. The movie ultimately achieved a goal of introducing audiences to Anakin
Darth Vader
–
David Prowse as Darth Vader in
The Empire Strikes Back.
Darth Vader
–
Ralph McQuarrie, the designer of Darth Vader, visiting
ILM in 2008.
Darth Vader
–
Sebastian Shaw as Anakin Skywalker, unmasked and redeemed in the special edition of
Return of the Jedi.
Darth Vader
–
Hayden Christensen as Anakin Skywalker in
Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith.
16.
Bail Organa
–
This list of characters from the Star Wars franchise contains only those which are considered part of the official Star Wars canon. C-3PO and R2-D2 are the characters to appear in all films to date
Bail Organa
–
Jedi Master Kit Fisto
17.
Breha Organa
–
This list of characters from the Star Wars franchise contains only those which are considered part of the official Star Wars canon. C-3PO and R2-D2 are the characters to appear in all films to date
Breha Organa
–
Jedi Master Kit Fisto
18.
Shmi Skywalker
–
The Skywalker family is a fictional family in the Star Wars series. Within the series universe, the Skywalkers are a bloodline with strong inherent capabilities related to the Force. In terms of the internal chronology, the Skywalkers first appeared in the 1999 film Star Wars. In this film, Jedi Knight Qui-Gon Jinn discovers Shmi Skywalker and her son Anakin as slaves on the planet Tatooine, Qui-Gon finds that Anakin has a higher count of midi-chlorians than any Jedi, even Yoda, counting to about 20,000. Shmi informs Qui-Gon that Anakin has no father, leading Qui-Gon to suggest that Anakin is a product of midi-chlorians, as the film progresses, Anakin leaves Tatooine to begin his Jedi training. Star Wars, Episode II – Attack of the Clones reveals that, in Anakins absence, Shmi has married Cliegg Lars, Owen tells Anakin they are stepbrothers. As a Jedi Knight, Anakin secretly marries Padmé Amidala, in Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith Padme gives birth to twins, Luke and Leia. Luke is raised by Beru and Owen Lars, while Leia is raised by Senator Bail Organa and Queen Breha Organa on Alderaan. Shmi Skywalker is a character in the Star Wars universe. She appears in Star Wars, Episode I – The Phantom Menace and Star Wars and she is the mother of Anakin Skywalker, paternal grandmother to Luke Skywalker and Leia Organa and maternal great-grandmother to Kylo Ren. Her first name is derived from Lakshmi, a Hindu goddess, in The Phantom Menace, she and her son are introduced as slaves of junk merchant Watto on the desert world Tatooine. She welcomes Jedi Master Qui-Gon Jinn into their home, and tells him that Anakin has no father, Qui-Gon helps Anakin win his freedom, but cannot get Shmi out of slavery. She allows Anakin to leave with Qui-Gon, assuring her son that they will meet again. In Attack of the Clones, Anakin, now a teenaged Jedi apprentice and he travels to Tatooine to find her, and, upon arriving, learns that she had been freed by and married to moisture farmer Cliegg Lars, but had recently been abducted by Tusken Raiders. He finds her one of their encampments, but its too late—beaten and tortured beyond help. Heartbroken and enraged, Anakin slaughters every single Tusken in the camp and his mothers death ignites a strong anger in Anakin, and sets him on the path to becoming Darth Vader. Anakin Skywalker is the son of Shmi Skywalker and no father, Anakin is discovered on Tatooine by Jedi Master Qui-Gon Jinn who is sure that the boy is the Chosen One of Jedi Prophecy, who will bring balance to the Force. After the death of Qui-Gon, he becomes the Padawan of Obi-Wan Kenobi and he also forms a close bond with Padmé Amidala, the young senator of Naboo
Shmi Skywalker
–
Shmi Skywalker, as seen in The Phantom Menace.
19.
Original trilogy (Star Wars)
–
Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of characters a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. The franchise began in 1977 with the release of the film Star Wars and it was followed by the successful sequels The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, these three films constitute the original Star Wars trilogy. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, which received mixed-to-negative reactions, a sequel trilogy began in 2015 with the release of Star Wars, The Force Awakens. All seven films were nominated for Academy Awards and have been successes, with a combined box office revenue of over $7.5 billion. Spin-off films include Star Wars, The Clone Wars and Rogue One, Star Wars also holds a Guinness World Records title for the Most successful film merchandising franchise. In 2015, the value of the Star Wars franchise was estimated at USD $42 billion. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm for $4.06 billion and earned the rights to all subsequent Star Wars films. Walt Disney Studios owns digital distribution rights to all the Star Wars films, the events depicted in the Star Wars franchise take place in an unnamed fictional galaxy at an undetermined point in the distant past. Many species of creatures are depicted. Robotic droids are also commonplace and are built to serve their owners. Space travel is common, and many planets in the galaxy are members of a single galactic government. In the prequel trilogy, this is depicted in the form of the Galactic Republic, at the end of the trilogy and throughout the original trilogy. Preceding and during the trilogy, this government is the New Republic. One of the prominent elements of Star Wars is the Force and it is described in the first produced film as an energy field created by all living things surrounds us, penetrates us, binds the galaxy together. While the Force can be used for good, known as the side, it also has a dark side that, when pursued, imbues users with hatred, aggression. The sequel trilogy introduces the Knights of Ren, an order of practitioners of the side of the Force aligned with the First Order. The first film in the series, Star Wars, was released on May 25,1977 and this was followed by two sequels, The Empire Strikes Back, released on May 21,1980, and Return of the Jedi, released on May 25,1983
Original trilogy (Star Wars)
–
A street performer in costume as
Darth Vader in
Amsterdam. Vader is one of the most iconic characters of the Star Wars franchise.
Original trilogy (Star Wars)
–
The Star Wars logo as seen in all films
Original trilogy (Star Wars)
–
George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars
Original trilogy (Star Wars)
–
John Williams, composer of the musical
scores for all six films of the original and prequel trilogies.
20.
Dark side of the Force
–
The Force is a metaphysical and ubiquitous power in the Star Wars fictional universe. It is wielded by characters in the films and in many of its spin-off books, games. In the story, the Jedi utilize the light side of the Force, the Force has been compared to aspects of several world religions, and the iconic phrase May the Force be with you has become part of the popular culture vernacular. George Lucas created the concept of the Force to address character and he also wanted to awaken a certain kind of spirituality in young audiences, suggesting a belief in God without endorsing any specific religion. He developed the Force as a religious concept, distill the essence of all religions, premised on the existence of God and distinct ideas of good. Lucas said there is a choice between good and bad, and the world works better if youre on the good side, the power of the Force of Others is kept secret by the Jedi Bendu of the Ashla, an aristocratic cult in the second draft. The second draft offers an explanation of the Force of Others and introduces its Ashla light side. The Ashla and Bogan are mentioned 10 and 31 times, respectively, in the second draft, Luke Starkillers mission is to retrieve the Kiber Crystal, which can intensify either the Ashla or Bogan powers. The films shorter third draft has no references to the Ashla, Lucas finished the fourth and near-final draft on January 1,1976. Producer Gary Kurtz, who studied comparative religion in college, had discussions with Lucas about religion. Kurtz told Lucas he was unhappy with drafts in which the Force was connected with the Kiber Crystal, Lucas and screenwriter Leigh Brackett decided that the Force and the Emperor would be the main concerns in The Empire Strikes Back. The focus on the Emperor was later shifted to the film, Return of the Jedi. Lucas based the concept on symbiogenesis, calling midi-chlorians a loose depiction of mitochondria, and its really a way of saying we have hundreds of little creatures who live on us, and without them, we all would die. They are necessary for us, we are necessary for them, using them in the metaphor, saying society is the same way, says we all must get along with each other. After selling Lucasfilm to Disney in 2012, Lucas said his biggest concern about the future was the Force being muddled into a bunch of gobbledegook. When writing The Force Awakens with Lawrence Kasdan, J. J. Abrams respected that Lucas had established midi-chlorians effect on some characters ability to use the Force. Abrams retained the idea of the Force having a light and a dark side, Star Wars Rebels producer Dave Filoni cites several influences on how the Force is used in the show. Filoni credits the films for better developing the concept of the Force
Dark side of the Force
–
Jedi Master
Yoda telekinetically stops a senatorial platform in
Revenge of the Sith.
Dark side of the Force
–
Updated scene of
Anakin Skywalker,
Yoda and
Obi-Wan Kenobi appearing as Force Ghosts in
Return of the Jedi
21.
The Force (Star Wars)
–
The Force is a metaphysical and ubiquitous power in the Star Wars fictional universe. It is wielded by characters in the films and in many of its spin-off books, games. In the story, the Jedi utilize the light side of the Force, the Force has been compared to aspects of several world religions, and the iconic phrase May the Force be with you has become part of the popular culture vernacular. George Lucas created the concept of the Force to address character and he also wanted to awaken a certain kind of spirituality in young audiences, suggesting a belief in God without endorsing any specific religion. He developed the Force as a religious concept, distill the essence of all religions, premised on the existence of God and distinct ideas of good. Lucas said there is a choice between good and bad, and the world works better if youre on the good side, the power of the Force of Others is kept secret by the Jedi Bendu of the Ashla, an aristocratic cult in the second draft. The second draft offers an explanation of the Force of Others and introduces its Ashla light side. The Ashla and Bogan are mentioned 10 and 31 times, respectively, in the second draft, Luke Starkillers mission is to retrieve the Kiber Crystal, which can intensify either the Ashla or Bogan powers. The films shorter third draft has no references to the Ashla, Lucas finished the fourth and near-final draft on January 1,1976. Producer Gary Kurtz, who studied comparative religion in college, had discussions with Lucas about religion. Kurtz told Lucas he was unhappy with drafts in which the Force was connected with the Kiber Crystal, Lucas and screenwriter Leigh Brackett decided that the Force and the Emperor would be the main concerns in The Empire Strikes Back. The focus on the Emperor was later shifted to the film, Return of the Jedi. Lucas based the concept on symbiogenesis, calling midi-chlorians a loose depiction of mitochondria, and its really a way of saying we have hundreds of little creatures who live on us, and without them, we all would die. They are necessary for us, we are necessary for them, using them in the metaphor, saying society is the same way, says we all must get along with each other. After selling Lucasfilm to Disney in 2012, Lucas said his biggest concern about the future was the Force being muddled into a bunch of gobbledegook. When writing The Force Awakens with Lawrence Kasdan, J. J. Abrams respected that Lucas had established midi-chlorians effect on some characters ability to use the Force. Abrams retained the idea of the Force having a light and a dark side, Star Wars Rebels producer Dave Filoni cites several influences on how the Force is used in the show. Filoni credits the films for better developing the concept of the Force
The Force (Star Wars)
–
Jedi Master
Yoda telekinetically stops a senatorial platform in
Revenge of the Sith.
The Force (Star Wars)
–
Updated scene of
Anakin Skywalker,
Yoda and
Obi-Wan Kenobi appearing as Force Ghosts in
Return of the Jedi
22.
Galactic Empire (Star Wars)
–
The Galactic Empire, often referred to simply as the Empire, is a fictional dictatorship featured in the Star Wars franchise. It was first introduced in the 1977 film Star Wars and also appears in its two sequels, The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi and is the main antagonist faction of the original trilogy. By the time of the trilogy, which starts three decades following the events of the original trilogy, the government has collapsed and is remembered as the Old Empire. Palpatine is also secretly the Sith Lord Darth Sidious who intends to purge the Jedi, Palpatines Sith identity is only known by a small few throughout his life. Palpatine claims that the Jedi attempted to assassinate him and overthrow the Galactic Senate, the Senate that he has manipulated overwhelmingly applauds Palpatines decision. Emperor Palpatine proceeds to purge the Jedi, who had been the upholders of peace and justice in the Republic, by the time of Episode IV, A New Hope, the Empire has transformed into a fully totalitarian regime, opposed by the Rebel Alliance. The Galactic Empire was born out of the collapsing Old Republic, the crisis on Naboo allows Palpatine to be elected Chancellor. When the extent of the Separatist threat becomes clear in Episode II, the Old Republic Senate and this conflict allows Palpatine to remain in office long after his term as Chancellor officially expires. Palpatine promises to return his powers to the Senate once peace and his first order is to create an army of clone troopers resulting in the construction of a massive military. He takes advantage of the conflict to increase his political power, the Jedi begin to distrust the Chancellors motives, fearing he has come under the influence of a Dark Lord of the Sith named Darth Sidious. Palpatine insists to the Jedi that the war, and thus his emergency powers and their concerns are shared by several Senators, who suspect Palpatine may not return his emergency powers to the Senate as promised. Among them are two who had long supported Palpatine, Padmé Amidala and Bail Organa, the film eventually reveals that Palpatine and Sidious are one and the same, and that he has been manipulating the Republic and the Separatists against each other. When the Jedi apprentice Anakin Skywalker discovers Palpatine is actually the mysterious Sith lord Darth Sidious, Windu then leaves with three other Masters to arrest Palpatine, instructing Anakin to remain at the temple. Mace Windu, with a cadre of Jedi, enters Palpatines office and declares that he is under arrest, Palpatine dispenses with his false modest persona and reveals his power-hungry nature, retorting I am the Senate. Palpatine quickly produces a lightsaber and dispatches all but Windu, when Anakin arrives, Windu is standing over the disarmed Palpatine, prepared to strike. Anakin intervenes on Palpatines behalf by cutting off Windus hand, allowing Palpatine to send Windu plunging to his death with a blast of Force lightning, Anakin then submits to the dark side of the Force, becoming Palpatines third Sith apprentice, Darth Vader. Palpatine declares the Jedi to be traitors and enemies of the Republic, and issues Order 66, led by Darth Vader, the Grand Army of the Republic, who once took orders from the Jedi, all but exterminate the Jedi Order in a massive galaxy-wide slaughter. Secure in his power and position, Palpatine reorganizes the Republic into the Galactic Empire, a deleted scene in the film establishes that the two are among the main founders of the Rebel Alliance, which later arises in A New Hope
Galactic Empire (Star Wars)
–
Augustus in the robes and cloak of his position as
Pontifex Maximus
Galactic Empire (Star Wars)
–
Emblem of the Galactic Empire
Galactic Empire (Star Wars)
–
Reichsfuhrer SS Heinrich Himmler in black SS uniform, visiting a
concentration camp. Star Wars and History published by Lucasfilm says that
Darth Vader 's relationship with
Palpatine is alike
Himmler 's relationship with
Hitler. Mary Henderson in Star Wars: The Magic of Myth contends that
Darth Vader 's all-black uniform and his devout obedience to the Emperor has allusion to
Nazi Germany 's SS.
23.
Lucasfilm
–
LLC is an American film and television production company based in the Letterman Digital Arts Center in San Francisco, California. The studio is best known for creating and producing the Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises, as well as its leadership in developing special effects, sound and computer animation for film. Lucasfilm was founded by filmmaker George Lucas in 1971 in San Rafael, California, the Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm in 2012 at a valuation of $4.06 billion. Lucasfilm was founded by filmmaker George Lucas in 1971, and incorporated as Lucasfilm Ltd. on September 12,1977, on July 8,2005, Lucasfilms marketing, online, and licensing units moved into the new Letterman Digital Arts Center located in the Presidio in San Francisco. It shares the complex with Industrial Light & Magic, Lucasfilm had planned an expansion at Skywalker Ranch in Marin County, California, but shelved the plan in 2012 due to opposition from neighbors. However, it plans to expand elsewhere. Skywalker Sound remains the only Lucasfilm division based at Skywalker Ranch, in January 2012, Lucas announced his retirement from producing large-scale blockbuster films and instead re-focusing his career on smaller, independently budgeted features. She would in June 2013 and is now chairperson of Lucasfilm, on September 5,2012, Micheline Chau, who served as president and COO of Lucasfilm for two decades, announced that she was retiring. With her departure, senior executives for each of the Lucasfilm divisions will report directly to Kathleen Kennedy, Chau was credited with keeping the Lucasfilm and Star Wars brands strong, especially through animation spin-offs and licensing initiatives. Lucas told Iger he was considering retirement and planned to sell the company, on October 30,2012, Disney announced a deal to acquire Lucasfilm for $4.05 billion, with approximately half in cash and half in shares of Disney stock. Kathleen Kennedy, co-chairman of Lucasfilm, became president of Lucasfilm, additionally she serves as the brand manager for Star Wars, working directly with Disneys global lines of business to build, further integrate, and maximize the value of this global franchise. Kennedy serves as producer on new Star Wars feature films, with George Lucas originally announced as serving as creative consultant, the company also announced the future release of new Star Wars films, starting with Star Wars, The Force Awakens in 2015. Disney also acquired Lucasfilms portfolio of entertainment technologies, the intent was for Lucasfilm employees to remain in their current locations. Star Wars merchandising would begin under Disney in the fiscal year 2014, starting with Star Wars Rebels, certain products will be co-branded with the Disney brand, akin to what Disney has done with Pixar. On December 4,2012, the Disney-Lucasfilm merger was approved by the Federal Trade Commission, on December 18,2012, Lucasfilm Ltd. was reincorporated as Lucasfilm Ltd. LLC, and on December 21,2012, the deal was announced to be completed, in April 2013, the development arm of the LucasArts division was closed down and most of its staff was laid off. However, LucasArts remained open with a staff of fewer than ten employees so it could retain its function as a video game licensor. On May 6,2013, Disney announced a deal with Electronic Arts to produce Star Wars games for the core gaming market
Lucasfilm
–
Lucasfilm headquarters at the
Letterman Digital Arts Center
24.
The Walt Disney Company
–
The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929
The Walt Disney Company
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The
Walt Disney Studios (corporate headquarters).
The Walt Disney Company
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The building in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Los Feliz which was home to the studio from 1923 to 1926
The Walt Disney Company
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Original poster for Flowers and Trees (1932).
The Walt Disney Company
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The original Animation Building at the Walt Disney Studios.
25.
George Lucas
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George Walton Lucas Jr. is an American filmmaker and entrepreneur. He is best known as the creator of the Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises, as well as the founder of Lucasfilm and he was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Lucasfilm, before selling it to The Walt Disney Company in 2012. Upon graduating from the University of Southern California in 1967, Lucas co-founded American Zoetrope with fellow filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola, Lucas wrote and directed THX1138, based on his earlier student short Electronic Labyrinth, THX1138 4EB, which was a critical success but a financial failure. His next work as a writer-director was the film, American Graffiti, inspired by his teen years in early 1960s Modesto, California, the film was critically and commercially successful, and received five Academy Award nominations including Best Picture. Following the first Star Wars film, Lucas produced and co-wrote the following installments in the trilogy, The Empire Strikes Back, along with Steven Spielberg, Lucas co-created and wrote the Indiana Jones films Raiders of the Lost Ark, Temple of Doom, and The Last Crusade. Lucas also produced and/or wrote a variety of films through Lucasfilm in the 1980s and 1990s, Lucas also returned to directing with the Star Wars prequel trilogy, consisting of The Phantom Menace, Attack of the Clones, and Revenge of the Sith. He later collaborated on the story for the Indiana Jones sequel Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, five of Lucass seven features are among the 100 highest-grossing movies at the North American box office, adjusted for ticket-price inflation. Lucas is one of the American film industrys most financially successful filmmakers, Lucas is considered a significant figure in the New Hollywood era. Lucas was born and raised in Modesto, California, the son of Dorothy Ellinore Lucas and George Walton Lucas and he is of German, Swiss-German, English, Scottish, and distant Dutch and French descent. Growing up, Lucas had a passion for cars and motor racing, on June 12,1962, while driving his souped-up Autobianchi Bianchina, another driver broadsided him, flipping over his car, nearly killing him, causing him to lose interest in racing as a career. He attended Modesto Junior College, where he studied anthropology, sociology and he also began shooting with an 8 mm camera, including filming car races. At this time, Lucas and his friend John Plummer became interested in Canyon Cinema, screenings of underground, avant-garde 16 mm filmmakers like Jordan Belson, Stan Brakhage, and Bruce Conner. Lucas and Plummer also saw classic European films of the time, including Jean-Luc Godards Breathless, François Truffauts Jules et Jim, thats when George really started exploring, Plummer said. Through his interest in racing, Lucas met renowned cinematographer Haskell Wexler, another race enthusiast. Wexler, later to work with Lucas on several occasions, was impressed by Lucas talent, George had a very good eye, and he thought visually, he recalled. Lucas then transferred to the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts, USC was one of the earliest universities to have a school devoted to motion picture film. During the years at USC, Lucas shared a room with Randal Kleiser. Along with classmates such as Walter Murch, Hal Barwood, and John Milius and he also became good friends with fellow acclaimed student filmmaker and future Indiana Jones collaborator, Steven Spielberg
George Lucas
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Lucas in 2009
George Lucas
–
Director
Jim Henson (left) and Lucas (right) working on
Labyrinth in 1986.
George Lucas
–
Lucas at the Time 100 2006 gala
26.
ODESSA
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Odessa or Odesa is the third most populous city of Ukraine and a major seaport and transportation hub located on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. Odessa is also a center of the Odessa Oblast and a multiethnic cultural center. Odessa is sometimes called the pearl of the Black Sea, the South Capital, the predecessor of Odessa, a small Tatar settlement, was founded by Hacı I Giray, the Khan of Crimea, in 1440 and originally named after him as Hacıbey. After a period of Lithuanian control, it passed into the domain of the Ottoman Sultan in 1529, in 1794, the city of Odessa was founded by a decree of the Empress Catherine the Great. From 1819 to 1858, Odessa was a free port, during the Soviet period it was the most important port of trade in the Soviet Union and a Soviet naval base. On 1 January 2000, the Quarantine Pier at Odessa Commercial Sea Port was declared a free port, during the 19th century, it was the fourth largest city of Imperial Russia, after Moscow, Saint Petersburg and Warsaw. Its historical architecture has a style more Mediterranean than Russian, having heavily influenced by French. Some buildings are built in a mixture of different styles, including Art Nouveau, Renaissance, the city of Odessa hosts both the Port of Odessa and Port Yuzhne, a significant oil terminal situated in the citys suburbs. Another notable port, Chornomorsk, is located in the same oblast, together they represent a major transport hub integrating with railways. Odessas oil and chemical processing facilities are connected to Russian and European networks by strategic pipelines, the city was named in compliance with the Greek Plan of Catherine the Great. It was named after the ancient Greek city of Odessos, which was believed to have been located here. Although Odessa is located in between the ancient Greek cities of Tyras and Olbia, Odessos is believed to be the predecessor of the present day city of Varna, Catherines secretary of state Adrian Gribovsky claimed in his memoirs that the name was his suggestion. Some expressed doubts about this claim, while others noted the reputation of Gribovsky as an honest and modest man, Odessa was the site of a large Greek settlement not later than the middle of the 6th century BC. Some scholars believe it to be a settlement established by Histria. Whether the Bay of Odessa is the ancient Port of the Histrians cannot yet be considered a settled question based on the available evidence, archaeological artifacts confirm extensive links between the Odessa area and the eastern Mediterranean. In the Middle Ages successive rulers of the Odessa region included various nomadic tribes, the Golden Horde, the Crimean Khanate, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Yedisan Crimean Tatars traded there in the 14th century. During the reign of Khan Hacı I Giray of Crimea, the Khanate was endangered by the Golden Horde and the Ottoman Turks and, in search of allies, the site of present-day Odessa was then a fortress known as Khadjibey. It was part of the Dykra region, however, most of the rest of the area remained largely uninhabited in this period
ODESSA
–
Odesa (Одеса) Odessa (Одесса)
ODESSA
ODESSA
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Remains of ancient Greek settlement [
citation needed] (under glass roof) on Primorsky Boulevard in Odessa
ODESSA
–
Russian and
Cossack troops take the fortress of Khadjibey, defeating the Ottomans and thus providing the impetus to found Odessa.
27.
Schutzstaffel
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The Schutzstaffel was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Party in Nazi Germany. It began with a guard unit known as the Saal-Schutz made up of NSDAP volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. In 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed, under his direction, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the most powerful organizations in Nazi Germany. From 1929 until the collapse in 1945, the SS was the foremost agency of security, surveillance. The two main constituent groups were the Allgemeine SS and Waffen-SS, the Allgemeine SS was responsible for enforcing the racial policy of Nazi Germany and general policing, whereas the Waffen-SS consisted of combat units of troops within Nazi Germanys military. A third component of the SS, the SS-Totenkopfverbände, ran the concentration camps, additional subdivisions of the SS included the Gestapo and the Sicherheitsdienst organizations. The SS was the organization most responsible for the killing of an estimated 5.5 to 6 million Jews. Members of all of its branches committed war crimes and crimes against humanity during World War II, the SS was also involved in commercial enterprises and exploited concentration camp inmates as slave labor. After Nazi Germanys defeat, the SS and the NSDAP were judged by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg to be criminal organizations, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, the highest-ranking surviving SS officer at the time, was found guilty of crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials and hanged in 1946. By 1923, the Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler had created a volunteer guard unit known as the Saal-Schutz to provide security at their meetings in Munich. The same year, Hitler ordered the formation of a bodyguard unit dedicated to his personal service. He wished it to be separate from the mass of the party, including the paramilitary Sturmabteilung. The new formation was designated the Stabswache, originally the unit was composed of eight men, commanded by Julius Schreck and Joseph Berchtold, and was modeled after the Erhardt Naval Brigade, a Freikorps of the time. The unit was renamed Stoßtrupp in May 1923, the Stoßtrupp was abolished after the failed 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, an attempt by the NSDAP to seize power in Munich. In 1925, Hitler ordered Schreck to organize a new bodyguard unit and it was tasked with providing personal protection for Hitler at NSDAP functions and events. That same year, the Schutzkommando was expanded to an organization and renamed successively the Sturmstaffel. Officially, the SS marked its foundation on 9 November 1925, the new SS was to provide protection for NSDAP leaders throughout Germany. Hitlers personal SS protection unit was enlarged to include combat units
Schutzstaffel
–
Adolf Hitler inspects the
Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler upon arrival at
Klagenfurt, April 1938.
Heinrich Himmler is standing slightly behind Hitler's right
Schutzstaffel
–
SS flag
Schutzstaffel
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Nazi supporters and stormtroopers in Munich during the
Beer Hall Putsch, 1923
Schutzstaffel
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Heinrich Himmler, head of all SS organisations, stated, "Once the Führer himself has made a decision and given the order, it must be carried out, not only according to the word and the letter, but also in spirit."
28.
Argentina
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Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a federal republic in the southern half of South America. With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2, Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second largest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country is subdivided into provinces and one autonomous city, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system, Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands, and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The earliest recorded presence in the area of modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century, Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776. The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with waves of European immigration radically reshaping its cultural. The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the seventh wealthiest developed nation in the world by the early 20th century, Argentina retains its historic status as a middle power in international affairs, and is a prominent regional power in the Southern Cone and Latin America. Argentina has the second largest economy in South America, the third-largest in Latin America and is a member of the G-15 and it is the country with the second highest Human Development Index in Latin America with a rating of very high. Because of its stability, market size and growing high-tech sector, the description of the country by the word Argentina has to be found on a Venice map in 1536. In English the name Argentina probably comes from the Spanish language, however the naming itself is not Spanish, Argentina means in Italian of silver, silver coloured, probably borrowed from the Old French adjective argentine of silver > silver coloured already mentioned in the 12th century. The French word argentine is the form of argentin and derives of argent silver with the suffix -in. The Italian naming Argentina for the country implies Argentina Terra land of silver or Argentina costa coast of silver, in Italian, the adjective or the proper noun is often used in an autonomous way as a substantive and replaces it and it is said lArgentina. The name Argentina was probably first given by the Venitian and Genoese navigators, in Spanish and Portuguese, the words for silver are respectively plata and prata and of silver is said plateado and prateado. Argentina was first associated with the silver mountains legend, widespread among the first European explorers of the La Plata Basin. The first written use of the name in Spanish can be traced to La Argentina, a 1602 poem by Martín del Barco Centenera describing the region, the 1826 constitution included the first use of the name Argentine Republic in legal documents. The name Argentine Confederation was also used and was formalized in the Argentine Constitution of 1853. In 1860 a presidential decree settled the name as Argentine Republic
Argentina
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The
Cave of the Hands in
Santa Cruz province, with indigenous artwork dating from 13,000–9,000 years ago
Argentina
Argentina
–
The surrender of Beresford to
Santiago de Liniers during the
British invasions of the Río de la Plata
Argentina
–
Portrait of General
José de San Martin,
Libertador of Argentina,
Chile and
Peru
29.
World War II
–
World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
World War II
–
Clockwise from top left: Chinese forces in the
Battle of Wanjialing, Australian
25-pounder guns during the
First Battle of El Alamein, German
Stuka dive bombers on the
Eastern Front in December 1943, a U.S. naval force in the
Lingayen Gulf,
Wilhelm Keitel signing the
German Instrument of Surrender, Soviet troops in the
Battle of Stalingrad
World War II
–
The
League of Nations assembly, held in
Geneva,
Switzerland, 1930
World War II
–
Adolf Hitler at a German
National Socialist political rally in
Weimar, October 1930
World War II
–
Italian soldiers recruited in 1935, on their way to fight the
Second Italo-Abyssinian War
30.
Teaser campaign
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These advertisements are called teasers or teaser ads. A teaser trailer for a film, television program, video game or similar, is usually released long in advance of the product. An early example of the trailer was the one for the 1978 Superman film by Richard Donner. The film was nearly a year late, it was designed to re-invigorate interest in the release. Teaser campaigns, or teaser advertising, can be defined as a set of communication activities designed to arouse interest without giving too much away. By doing this, brands can gain knowledge on how consumers are responding to aspects of the product before it is finalized and make changes if needed. Teasers can also be used to attention to a unique element of a brand rather than separate it completely from the market. Teaser campaigns allow brands to introduce themselves in a controlled and desired way in an attempt to change the publics current perception of the brand. Teaser campaigns from known brands give space for both the advertiser and the consumer to feel out the market before rebranding. When companies decided to present a product to the again in a different light, teasers can be successful in rebranding and creating fresh excitement for their products. Teaser campaigns are the creative advertising strategy which bodes well if a brand wants to be perceived as innovative. Through inter-related advertising content, the brand has the chance to reveal to the small parts of the final message at its own pace. Often, the messages the audience are receiving are so imaginative, a good example of this was internet campaign “Got Milk”. This served as a sort of public service announcement to increase nutritional awareness, teaser campaigns increase business to consumer interaction through dialogue. The advertisements start discussions between consumers, media outlets and on social media, teaser campaigns are a good way to create a business to consumer bond by forcing the audience to follow the campaigns journey in order to piece together the message. Film teasers are usually made for big-budget and popularly themed movies and their purpose is less to tell the audience about a movies content than simply to let them know that the movie is coming up in the near future, and to add to the hype of the upcoming release. Teaser trailers are made while the film is still in production or being edited. Often they contain no dialogue and some have made for use in the trailer only
Teaser campaign
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The Da Vinci Code Eurostar in
Paris
.jpg)
