1.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
2.
Norway
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The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him
3.
Counties of Norway
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Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called counties, until 1918, they were known as amter. The counties form the first-level subdivisions of Norway and are divided into 428 municipalities. Svalbard and Jan Mayen are outside the county division and ruled directly on national level, the capital Oslo is considered both a county and a municipality. In 2017 the government decided to abolish the current counties and to them with fewer, larger administrative regions. Below is a list of the Norwegian counties as they have been since 1919, note that the counties are administered both by appointees of the national government and to a lesser extent by their own elected bodies. The county numbers are from the numbering system ISO 3166-2, NO. The number 13 was dropped from the system when the city of Bergen was merged into Hordaland in 1972, from the consolidation to a single kingdom, Norway was divided into a number of geographic regions that had its own legislative assembly or Thing, such as Gulating and Frostating. The second-order subdivision of these regions was into fylker, such as Egdafylke and Hordafylke, in 1914, the historical term fylke was brought into use again to replace the term amt introduced during the union with Denmark. Current day counties often, but not necessarily, correspond to the historical areas. Finnmark, the Faroe Islands, the Orkney Islands, Shetland, the Hebrides, Isle of Man, Iceland and Greenland were Norwegian skattland, from the end of the 12th century, Norway was divided into several syssel. The head of the various syssel was the syslemann, who represented the king locally, the following shows a reconstruction of the different syssel in Norway c. 1300, including sub-syssel where these seem established, from 1308, the term len in Norway signified an administrative region roughly equivalent to todays counties. The historic len was an important administrative entity during the period of Dano-Norwegian unification after their amalgamation as one state, which lasted for the period 1536–1814. At the beginning of the 16th century the political divisions were variable, up to 1660 the four principal len were headquartered at the major fortresses Bohus Fortress, Akershus Fortress, Bergenhus Fortress and the fortified city of Trondheim. The sub-regions corresponded to the districts for the Lutheran church in Norway. Båhus len Akershus len Trondheim len Bergenhus len These four principal len were in the 1530s divided into approximately 30 smaller regions. From that point forward through the beginning of the 17th century the number of subsidiary len was reduced, from 1660 Norway had nine principal len comprising 17 subsidiary len, Len written as län continues to be used as the administrative equivalent of county in Sweden to this day. Each len was governed by a lenman, with the royal decree of February 19,1662, each len was designated an amt and the lenmann was titled amtmann, from German Amt, reflecting the bias of the Danish court of that period
4.
Districts of Norway
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The country Norway is historically divided into a number of districts. Many districts have deep roots, and only partially coincide with todays administrative units of counties and municipalities. The districts are defined by geographical features, often valleys, mountain ranges, fjords, plains, or coastlines, many such regions were petty kingdoms up to the early Viking age. A high percentage of Norwegians identify themselves more by the district live in or come from. Thus, dialects and regional commonality in folk culture tended to correspond to those same geographical units, the construction of railroads between distant parts of the country. The opening of dozens of new airports all over the country through the 1960s and 1970s, the release of private cars from government rationing and import restrictions from the 1950s onwards. A concrete display of the Norwegian habit of identifying themselves by district can be seen in the many regional costumes, called bunad, the following list is non-exhaustive and partially overlapping. The first name is the name in Bokmål, the second Nynorsk, helgeland Lofoten Ofoten Salten Vesterålen See also Finnmark, Hålogaland and Troms
5.
Hell, Norway
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Hell is a village in the Lånke area of the municipality of Stjørdal in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the part of the municipality, about 3 kilometres south of the municipal center of Stjørdalshalsen. The 1. 06-square-kilometre village has a population of 1,440, the population density of the village is 1,358 inhabitants per square kilometre. Hell is a post town with two post codes,7517 for delivery route addresses and 7570 for post-office boxes, Hell currently has a grocery store, gas station, a fast food shop and a retirement home. Until late 1995, the European route E6 highway was aligned through Hell, the new road now goes around the village. The village of Hell has become a minor tourist attraction because of its name, a smaller building on the railway station has been given the sign Gods-expedition, which is the archaic spelling of the word for goods handling. The name Hell stems from the Old Norse word hellir, which means overhang or cliff cave and it has a more used homonym in modern Norwegian that means luck. The Old Norse word Hel is the same as todays English Hell, in modern Norwegian the word for hell is helvete. Among English-speaking tourists, popular postcards depict the station with a heavy frost on the ground, temperatures in Hell can reach −25 °C during winter. British punk band The Boys recorded their album in the village. Hell railway station is situated at a junction where the Nordland Line north to Bodø branches off from the Meråkerbanen between Trondheim and Storlien, Sweden. Hell Station is currently a railway station. The Hell Kjøpesenter mall is located at Sandfærhus north of the Stjørdalselva river, rather than in Hell/Lånke, a blues festival takes place every year at Hell Station in September, Blues in Hell. The original festival started in 1992, then changed its name to Hell Music Festival in 2006 to open their doors for other than blues. The Hell Music Festival in 2007 failed to attract many concert-goers, however, in 2008 a new festival was started, entitled Blues in Hell, going back to the original concept. Since 2011 the circuit in the village has hosted a round of the FIA European Rallycross Championship, mona Grudt, Miss Norway 1990 and Miss Universe 1990, is from a small town near Hell. During the 1990 Miss Universe competition, she listed herself as The beauty queen from Hell as a publicity stunt, Hell, Norway at DMOZ Norway in Google Maps The weather in Hell
6.
Demonym
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A demonym is a word that identifies residents or natives of a particular place, which is derived from the name of that particular place. It is a neologism, previously gentilic was recorded in English dictionaries, e. g. the Oxford English Dictionary, thus a Thai may be any resident or citizen of Thailand, of any ethnic group, or more narrowly a member of the Thai people. Conversely, some groups of people may be associated with multiple demonyms, for example, a native of the United Kingdom may be called a British person, a Brit, or a Briton. In some languages, when a parallel demonym does not exist, in English, demonyms are capitalized and are often the same as the adjectival form of the place, e. g. Egyptian, Japanese, or Greek. Significant exceptions exist, for instance the adjectival form of Spain is Spanish, English widely includes country-level demonyms such as Ethiopian or Guatemalan and more local demonyms such as Seoulite, Wisconsinite, Chicagoan, Michigander, Fluminense, and Paulista. Some places lack a commonly used and accepted demonym and this poses a particular challenge to those toponymists who research demonyms. The word gentilic comes from the Latin gentilis and the English suffix -ic, the word demonym was derived from the Greek word meaning populace with the suffix for name. National Geographic attributes the term demonym to Merriam-Webster editor Paul Dickson in a recent work from 1990 and it was subsequently popularized in this sense in 1997 by Dickson in his book Labels for Locals. However, in What Do You Call a Person From, a Dictionary of Resident Names attributed the term to George H. Scheetz, in his Names Names, A Descriptive and Prescriptive Onymicon, which is apparently where the term first appears. Several linguistic elements are used to create demonyms in the English language, the most common is to add a suffix to the end of the location name, slightly modified in some instances. Cairo → Cairene Cyrenaica → Cyrene Damascus → Damascene Greece → Greek Nazareth → Nazarene Slovenia → Slovene Often used for Middle Eastern locations and European locations. Kingston-upon-Hull → Hullensian Leeds → Leodensian Spain → Spaniard Savoy → Savoyard -ese is usually considered proper only as an adjective, thus, a Chinese person is used rather than a Chinese. Monaco → Monégasque Menton → Mentonasque Basque Country → Basque Often used for French locations, mostly they are from Africa and the Pacific, and are not generally known or used outside the country concerned. In much of East Africa, a person of an ethnic group will be denoted by a prefix. For example, a person of the Luba people would be a Muluba, the plural form Baluba, similar patterns with minor variations in the prefixes exist throughout on a tribal level. And Fijians who are indigenous Fijians are known as Kaiviti and these demonyms are usually more informal and colloquial. In the United States such informal demonyms frequently become associated with mascots of the sports teams of the state university system. In other countries the origins are often disputed and these will typically be formed using the standard models above
7.
Daylight saving time
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Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
8.
Central European Summer Time
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It corresponds to UTC + two hours. Other names which have been applied to Central European Summer Time are Middle European Summer Time, Central European Daylight Saving Time, and Bravo Time. Since 1996 European Summer Time has been observed between 1,00 UTC on the last Sunday of March and 1,00 on the last Sunday of October, the following countries and territories use Central European Summer Time. In addition, Libya used CEST during the years 1951–1959, 1982–1989, 1996–1997, European Summer Time Other countries and territories in UTC+2 time zone Other names of UTC+2 time zone
9.
Hell Station
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Hell Station is a railway station located in the village of Hell in the Municipality of Stjørdal in the County of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway. It is located at the intersection of the Nordland Line and the Meråker Line, Hell Station serves, the Nordland Line between the cities Trondheim and Bodø. the Meråker Line between the village Hell and Storlien in Sweden. The Trøndelag Commuter Rail system Both services are operated by Class 92 units by the Norwegian State Railways, planned by architect Paul Armin Due, the present station building at Hell Station was opened in 1902. It replaced a building of 1881, whose architect was Peter Andreas Blix. The restaurant was taken over by Norsk Spisevognselskap on 1 October 1922, Due to its name, Hell Station has become a tourist attraction. The stations freight building still bears the old sign saying Hell Gods-Expedition, in Norwegian, Gods-Expedition or godsekspedisjon means freight service or cargo handling. Whilst associated with the religious concept Hell by English-speakers, the name Hell derives from Old Norse hellir, the Norwegian equivalent to English hell is hel or, more commonly, helvete
10.
Elvran Chapel
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Elvran Chapel is a chapel in the municipality of Stjørdal in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Elvran, the church is part of the Lånke parish in the Stjørdal deanery in the Diocese of Nidaros. The wooden church was built in 1893 to seat about 140 people
11.
Agriculture
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Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of human civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science, the history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural methodology, genetically modified organisms are an increasing component of agriculture, although they are banned in several countries. Agricultural food production and water management are increasingly becoming global issues that are fostering debate on a number of fronts, the major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials. Specific foods include cereals, vegetables, fruits, oils, meats, fibers include cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax. Raw materials include lumber and bamboo, other useful materials are also produced by plants, such as resins, dyes, drugs, perfumes, biofuels and ornamental products such as cut flowers and nursery plants. The word agriculture is a late Middle English adaptation of Latin agricultūra, from ager, field, Agriculture usually refers to human activities, although it is also observed in certain species of ant, termite and ambrosia beetle. To practice agriculture means to use resources to produce commodities which maintain life, including food, fiber, forest products, horticultural crops. This definition includes arable farming or agronomy, and horticulture, all terms for the growing of plants, even then, it is acknowledged that there is a large amount of knowledge transfer and overlap between silviculture and agriculture. In traditional farming, the two are often combined even on small landholdings, leading to the term agroforestry, Agriculture began independently in different parts of the globe, and included a diverse range of taxa. At least 11 separate regions of the Old and New World were involved as independent centers of origin, wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 105,000 years ago. Pigs were domesticated in Mesopotamia around 15,000 years ago, rice was domesticated in China between 13,500 and 8,200 years ago, followed by mung, soy and azuki beans. Sheep were domesticated in Mesopotamia between 13,000 and 11,000 years ago. From around 11,500 years ago, the eight Neolithic founder crops, emmer and einkorn wheat, hulled barley, peas, lentils, bitter vetch, chick peas and flax were cultivated in the Levant. Cattle were domesticated from the aurochs in the areas of modern Turkey. In the Andes of South America, the potato was domesticated between 10,000 and 7,000 years ago, along with beans, coca, llamas, alpacas, sugarcane and some root vegetables were domesticated in New Guinea around 9,000 years ago. Sorghum was domesticated in the Sahel region of Africa by 7,000 years ago, cotton was domesticated in Peru by 5,600 years ago, and was independently domesticated in Eurasia at an unknown time
12.
Forest
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A forest is a large area dominated by trees. Hundreds of more precise definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as density, tree height, land use, legal standing. According to the widely used Food and Agriculture Organization definition, forests covered four billion hectares or approximately 30 percent of the land area in 2006. Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem of Earth, and are distributed across the globe, Forests account for 75% of the gross primary productivity of the Earths biosphere, and contain 80% of the Earths plant biomass. Forests at different latitudes and elevations form distinctly different ecozones, boreal forests near the poles, tropical forests near the equator, higher elevation areas tend to support forests similar to those at higher latitudes, and amount of precipitation also affects forest composition. Human society and forests influence each other in both positive and negative ways, Forests provide ecosystem services to humans and serve as tourist attractions. Forests can also affect peoples health, human activities, including harvesting forest resources, can negatively affect forest ecosystems. Although forest is a term of common parlance, there is no universally recognised precise definition, there are three broad categories of forest definitions in use, administrative, land use, and land cover. Land use definitions are based upon the purpose that the land serves. For example, a forest may be defined as any land that is used primarily for production of timber, land cover definitions define forests based upon the type and density of vegetation growing on the land. Such definitions typically define a forest as an area growing trees above some threshold and these thresholds are typically the number of trees per area, the area of ground under the tree canopy or the section of land that is occupied by the cross-section of tree trunks. Under such land cover definitions, and area of land only be defined as forest if it is growing trees, areas that fail to meet the land cover definition may be still included under while immature trees are establishing if they are expected to meet the definition at maturity. Under land use definitions, there is variation on where the cutoff points are between a forest, woodland, and savanna. Under some definitions, forests require high levels of tree canopy cover, from 60% to 100%, excluding savannas. Other definitions consider savannas to be a type of forest, the term was not endemic to Romance languages, and cognates in Romance languages, such as Italian foresta, Spanish and Portuguese floresta, etc. are all ultimately borrowings of the French word. The exact origin of Medieval Latin foresta is obscure, uses of the word forest in English to denote any uninhabited area of non-enclosure are now considered archaic. The word was introduced by the Norman rulers of England as a term denoting an uncultivated area legally set aside for hunting by feudal nobility. These hunting forests were not necessarily wooded much, if at all, however, as hunting forests did often include considerable areas of woodland, the word forest eventually came to mean wooded land more generally
13.
Malvik
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Malvik is a village and a municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Trondheim Region, the administrative center of the municipality is the village of Hommelvik. Other villages in Malvik include Muruvika, Smiskaret, Sneisen, Vikhammer, while Malvik refers to the municipality as a whole, it also refers to the village of Malvik. Situated between Hommelvik and Vikhammer, this village is the centre of the municipality, and is where the historic Malvik Church is located. The urban area of the municipality is 3.02 square kilometres, the population density is 2,170 inhabitants per square kilometre. The municipality of Malvik was established in 1891 when it was separated from Strinda, on 1 January 1914, a small area of Lånke was transferred to Malvik. On 1 July 1953, an area of Malvik was transferred to Strinda. The municipality is named after the old Malvik farm, since the first church was built there, the first element is probably the word mǫn which means mane, referring to a mountain ridge behind the farm. The last element is identical with the word vik which means inlet, the coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 23 July 1982, the arms show a capercaillie, chosen as a symbol for the rich nature in the area. The Church of Norway has two parishes within the municipality of Malvik and it is part of the Deanery of Stjørdal and the Diocese of Nidaros. Malvik is just to the east of Trondheim, by far the largest town in the region, many people in Malvik have their place of employment in Trondheim, though there is some local industry in Malvik itself. The municipal center is Hommelvik, situated about 25 kilometres east of Trondheim, in the last few decades the area around Vikhammer and Hundhammeren has grown larger than Hommelvik. The area has new housing areas, businesses, and shopping. Collectively, the new area is referred to as the Malvik urban area, the southern part of the municipality consists mostly of farming and forest areas, with many attractive areas for hiking and cross-country skiing. The Homla river runs north to the Trondheimsfjord, the lake Jonsvatnet lies on the western border of the municipality. In the southeastern part of Malvik there is the Jøsås exclaves, Øvre Jøsås and Store Jøsås are located in one exclave while Lille Jøsås is making another exclave. The exclaves only have access to Malvik municipality even though they are inside Stjørdals borders
14.
Store norske leksikon
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Store norske leksikon, abbreviated SNL, is a Norwegian language encyclopedia. The SNL was created in 1978 when the two publishing houses Aschehoug and Gyldendal merged their encyclopedias and created the company Kunnskapsforlaget, the name translates into English as Great Norwegian encyclopedia. Up until 1978 the two publishing houses of Aschehoug and Gyldendal, Norways two largest, had published Aschehougs konversasjonsleksikon and Gyldendals konversasjonsleksikon, respectively, the respective first editions were published in 1907–1913 and 1933–1934. The fourth edition consists of 16 volumes, a total of 12,000 pages and 280,000 entries, on 12 March 2010 Store Norske Leksikon announced that from 1 July 2010 there would be no new editions of Store Norske Leksikon, because of lacklustre sales. The main reason behind this decision was stated to be Wikipedia, SNL became available online since 2000 and had several hundred thousand subscribers, both private and institutional. The number of articles is about 150,000. Since 25 February 2009, the encyclopedia has been free. The online version of the Store norske leksikon
15.
Statistics Norway
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Statistics Norway is the Norwegian statistics bureau. Relying on a staff of about 1,000, Statistics Norway publish about 1,000 new statistical releases every year on its web site, all releases are published both in Norwegian and English. In addition a number of edited publications are published, and all are available on the web site for free, as the central Norwegian office for official government statistics, Statistics Norway provides the public and government with extensive research and analysis activities. It is administratively placed under the Ministry of Finance but operates independently from all government agencies, Statistics Norway has a board appointed by the government. It relies extensively on data registers, but are also collecting data from surveys and questionnaires. Hans Henrik Scheel has been the Director General since 2011, Statistics Norway was originally established in 1876. The Statistics Act of 1989 provides the framework for Statistics Norways activities
16.
Steinkjer (town)
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Steinkjer is a town in and the municipal center of Steinkjer, Norway. As of 2014, it has a population of 12,224, Steinkjer is also the administrative center of the county of Nord-Trøndelag. The town is located at the end of Trondheimsfjord at the mouth of the river of Steinkjerelva, in the eastern part of the town, the river of Figgja also flows into the fjord. The town is split in two by Steinkjerelva, creating the two neighborhoods of Nordsia and Sørsia. From the creation of municipalities in 1837, Steinkjer was part of Stod, township was awarded in 1857, and from 23 January 1858, it was separated from Stod to form a municipality of its own. The initial population of Steinkjer was 1,150, both the European Road E6 and the Nordland Line run through the town, the latter serving the city at Steinkjer Station
17.
Agdenes
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Agdenes is a municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Orkdalen region, the administrative centre is the village of Selbekken. Other villages in the municipality include Ingdalen, Lensvik, Vassbygda, the municipality of Værnes was established on 1 January 1896 when it was separated from the large municipality of Ørland. It encompassed the area along the Trondheimsleia and initially, the population was 1,412, the name was changed to Agdenes on 17 May 1897 by a royal resolution. On 1 January 1964, the part of Agdenes was merged into Snillfjord along with Heim. On the same date, the municipality of Lensvik and the Ingdalen area of Stadsbygd were merged into Agdenes to form a municipality of Agdenes. On 1 January 1995, the Moldtun area was transferred to neighboring Snillfjord and this was because the area had been without an outside road connection, and once the road was built, it was built in the direction of Snillfjord, not Agdenes. Therefore, it was logical for the residents to vote to change municipalities, the municipality is named after the old Agdenes farm, since the first church was built there. The meaning of the first element is unknown and the last element is nes which means headland, the coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 30 August 1991, the arms show a field of ermine under a red chief. The ermine field symbolizes the fur farming in the municipality, as ermine is also a royal symbol, it symbolises the fact that in historical times the local overlords and kings have resided in the village. The Church of Norway has one parish within the municipality of Agdenes and it is part of the Deanery of Orkdal and the Diocese of Nidaros. The industrial density of Agdenes is above the average. Most of the work within the milk or forest industry. The growth of strawberries and the breeding of fur animals are important industries as well, the most common varieties of strawberry grown here are Korona, Sephyr, Senga Sengana, and Bounty. Today, strawberry collection is performed by workers, which are mainly from Poland. In the initial stages, the Norwegian youth were the main workforce, the municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elect a mayor. The municipal council of Agdenes is made up of 17 representatives that are elected to four years
18.
Bjugn
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Bjugn is a municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Fosen region, the village of Botngård is the administrative centre of Bjugn municipality. Other villages in Bjugn include Høybakken, Jøssund, Lysøysundet, Nes, Oksvoll, the municipality of Bjugn was established in 1853 when it was separated from the large municipality of Ørland. On 26 March 1870, a resolution moved an unpopulated part of Åfjord to Bjugn. On 1 January 1899, the district of Nes and the southern district of Skjørn were separated from Bjugn. On 1 January 1964, Nes, Jøssund, and the part of Stjørna were all merged with Bjugn to create a new. The population of Bjugn then increased from 1,240 to 4,940, Bjugn was on the Robek-list in 2015. The Old Norse form of the name was Bjugn, the name is derived from bjúgr which means bent, probably referring to the bent form of the local fjord, the Bjugnfjorden. The coat-of-arms is from modern times and they were granted on 17 February 1989. The arms show a yellow rudder on a background, representing the historic importance of fishing in the municipality. The Church of Norway has three parishes within the municipality of Bjugn and it is part of the Deanery of Fosen and the Diocese of Nidaros. The municipality of Bjugn is located on the Fosen peninsula on the mainland, plus many islands, the Asenvågøy lighthouse is located in the far north of the municipality. The Bjugnfjorden and Stjørnfjord both are located partially in Bjugn, neighboring Bjugn is the municipality of Ørland to the southwest, Rissa to the south and southeast, and Åfjord to the northeast. There are five reserves in Bjugn. Hildremsvatnet Nature Reserve is the largest at 23,441 decares and includes several nature types, the Fosenhallen are an indoor multi-use ice rink. The Fosenhallen was used to host the 2014 World Junior Speed Skating Championships, the municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elect a mayor. The municipal council of Bjugn is made up of 21 representatives that are elected to four years. Currently, the party breakdown is as follows, Sør-Trøndelag travel guide from Wikivoyage Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway
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Flatanger
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Flatanger is a municipality in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region, the administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Lauvsnes. Other villages include Jøssund and Vik, Flatanger was established as a municipality on 1 January 1871 when it was separated from the large municipality of Fosnes. It is one of the few municipalities in Norway whose boundaries have not changed since it was established, the municipality is named after the old name for one of the fjords in the area, but it is not known which one. The name is composed of two parts, flat, which means shallow water, and angr, which means fjord or inlet. The coat-of-arms is from modern times, they were granted in 1990, the arms show three silver chevrons on a green background. The design was chosen to represent the bow of a boat, the Church of Norway has one parish within the municipality of Flatanger. It is part of the Namdal deanery in the Diocese of Nidaros, the municipality consists mostly of mainland, but also includes almost 1,400 islands of various sizes. Some of the islands include Bjørøya, Lauvøya, Villa, Halmøya. Ellingråsa Lighthouse is located on the island of Bjørøya and Villa Lighthouse is on Villa and these islands all lie on the south side of the Folda firth. The Namsenfjorden forms part of the boundary of the municipality. The municipality is governed by a council of elected representatives. The municipal council of Flatanger is made up of 15 representatives that are elected to four years. Currently, the party breakdown is as follows, In the 2007 municipal elections, Flatanger had the highest vote for the Venstre party in all of Norway, Flatanger is also home to one of the worlds hardest rock climbs. Change 9b+/5. 15c+ which was first sent by Adam Ondra on 4 October 2012
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Fosnes
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Fosnes is a municipality in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region, the administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Dun on the island of Jøa. Other villages include Salsnes and Nufsfjord, Fosnes was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. On 1 January 1871, the district of Fosnes was separated to form the new municipality of Flatanger. This left Fosnes with 2,655 residents, on 1 January 1889, a small area of Fosnes was transferred to the neighboring municipality of Vikten. Then on 1 January 1913, the part of Fosnes was separated to form the new municipality of Otterøy. This left the smaller municipality with 1,107 residents. On 1 January 1964, the Finnanger area of Fosnes on the island of Otterøya was transferred to the new municipality of Namsos, the municipality is named after the old Fosnes farm, since the first church was built there. The first element is fólgsn which means hiding place and the last element is nes which means headland, historically, the name was spelled Fosnæs. The coat-of-arms is from modern times, they were granted on 13 November 1992, the arms show a black oarlock from a rowing boat on a yellow background. Fosnes is a municipality and rowing boats were the main form of transportation in the former centuries. The first proposal for arms of Fosnes were taken in 1989, several proposals were received but none was acceptable to or the council, or the Norwegian Heraldic Society, as the proposals were not made according to heraldic rules. Finally the Society proposed the above arms, which were acceptable to the council, the Church of Norway has one parish within the municipality of Fosnes. It is part of the Namdal deanery in the Diocese of Nidaros, Fosnes is a coastal municipality located along the Foldafjord, north of the town of Namsos. The municipality includes the island of Jøa, part of the island of Elvalandet, the second deepest lake in Europe, Salsvatnet, and the lake Mjosundvatnet are both located in the eastern part of the municipality. The municipality is governed by a council of elected representatives. The municipal council of Fosnes is made up of 13 representatives that are elected to four years. Currently, the party breakdown is as follows, Nord-Trøndelag travel guide from Wikivoyage Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway
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Frosta
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Frosta is the smallest municipality in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. The administrative centre is the village of Frosta, the municipality is located in the Trondheimsfjord, on a peninsula just north of Trondheim. It also includes the island of Tautra which is connected to the mainland by a causeway bridge, Frosta was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. It is one of few municipalities in Norway with unchanged borders since that date. The Old Norse form of the name was Frosta, the meaning of the name is unknown. Historically, the name was also spelled Frosten, the coat of arms was granted in 1987. The arms show a gold sceptre or mace on a green background, the coat-of-arms is inspired by the old seal of the Frostating, where King Magnus VI the law-mender is sitting with a lily sceptre in his hand. The Church of Norway has one parish within the municipality of Frosta and it is part of the Sør-Innherad deanery and the Diocese of Nidaros. Several rock engraving sites can be found in the parish, together with burial mounds from Viking times, archaeologists have for the first time found the remnants of a Viking harbour in Norway at Frosta. A number of logs sticking up along the shoreline at Frosta have been dated back to around year 1000, norways oldest court, Frostating, had its seat here at Tinghaugen, close to the mediaeval church at Logtun. On the island of Tautra can be found the remains of Tautra Abbey, the municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elect a mayor. The municipal council of Frosta is made up of 17 representatives that are elected to four years
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Grong
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Grong is a municipality in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region, the administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Medjå. Other villages in the municipality include Bergsmoen, Formofoss, Gartland, Grong was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. On 1 January 1901, the district of Høylandet was separated from Grong to form its own municipality. On 1 January 1923, the district of Røyrvik, the northwestern district of Namsskogan. This left a smaller municipality of Grong with only 1,272 residents. On 1 January 1964, the municipality of Harran was merged back into Grong, the municipality is named after the old Grong farm, since the first church was built there. The first element is grǫn which means spruce and the last element is the form of the suffix -ungr. The coat-of-arms is from modern times, they were granted on 6 February 1987, the arms show three green triangles on a silver/gray background. The green triangles represent spruce trees, making them canting arms, the name is supposedly derived from Granungar. The number three symbolizes the three villages in the municipality, Harran, Bergsmoen, and Medjå. The Church of Norway has two parishes within the municipality of Grong and it is part of the Namdal deanery in the Diocese of Nidaros. Grong is located along the river Namsen in the Namdalen valley, two major tributaries of the Namsen flow through Grong too, the river Sanddøla and the river Neselva. The Bangsjøene lakes lie at the southern border with Snåsa. The Blåfjella–Skjækerfjella National Park covers a part of the southeastern part of Grong. The municipality is governed by a council of elected representatives. The municipal council of Grong is made up of 17 representatives that are elected to four years. Currently, the party breakdown is as follows, The European route E6 highway follows the river Namsen across the municipality, the two main stations on the Nordland Line are Grong Station in Medjå and Harran Station in Harran
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Hemne
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Hemne is a municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Fosen region, the administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Kyrksæterøra. Other villages include Heim, Hellandsjøen, Holla, and Vinjeøra, the highway E39 runs through the southern part of Hemne. Hemne was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838, on 1 January 1911, the district of Heim was separated from Hemne to form a municipality of its own. This left Hemne with 3,425 residents, on 1 July 1924, Snillfjord and Vinje were separated from Hemne to form separate municipalities. After the division, Hemne had 2,030 residents remaining, then on 1 January 1964, Vinje and the parts of Heim west of the Hemnfjorden, were merged back into Hemne. On 1 January 2008, the Fossdalen farm was transferred from Rindal to Hemne, the name originally belonged to the Hemnfjorden. The name is derived from the word hǫfn which means port or haven, before 1918, the name was written Hevne. The coat-of-arms is from modern times and they were granted on 14 June 1991. The arms show five yellow hazelnuts on a red background and they symbolize the relatively large hazel forests near the village, which was of economic importance for the village in previous times. The Church of Norway has three parishes within the municipality of Hemne and it is part of the Deanery of Orkdal and the Diocese of Nidaros. Hemne is bordered on the east by the municipalities of Snillfjord and Orkdal, on the south by Rindal and Surnadal, to the north, across the waters of the Trondheimsleia lies Hitra. The Hemnfjorden forms the border between Hemne and Snillfjord, the Vinjefjorden is located in the southwestern side of the municipality and the lake Vasslivatnet lies in the southeast. In the south near Vinjeøra, there are hiking trails to mountain lodges such as Sollia. Media related to Hemne at Wikimedia Commons Sør-Trøndelag travel guide from Wikivoyage Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway
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Hitra
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Hitra is a municipality and an island in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. The municipality covers the island of Hitra and several smaller islands, with a land area of 571.5 km2, the island of Hitra is the seventh largest island in mainland Norway, and the largest island south of the Arctic Circle. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Fillan, other villages include Andersskogan, Ansnes, Forsnes, Hestvika, Knarrlagsund, Kvenvær, Melandsjøen, Nordbotn, Sandstad, and Ulvan. Hitra is famous in Norway for its large and dense population of Red Deer, Hitra is a member of the International Island Games Association. Hitra was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838, on 1 January 1877, the northern district of Frøya was separated from Hitra to form a municipality of its own. On 1 January 1886, the southern and eastern parts of Hitra were separated into a new municipality of Fillan and this left Hitra with 2,241 residents. Then on 1 January 1913, the part of Hitra was separated to form the new municipality of Kvenvær. This left Hitra with 1,439 residents, on 1 January 1964, the municipalities of Hitra, Kvenvær, Fillan, and Sandstad were merged to form a new, larger Hitra municipality. Prior to the merger, Hitra had 1,344 residents, the Old Norse form of the name was Hitr. The name is derived from a word with the meaning split or cleft. Until 1918 the name of the island and municipality was spelled Hitteren, the coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 7 August 1987, the arms show the head of a Red Deer in silver on a blue background. It symbolizes one of Northern Europes largest populations of red deer which is located in the municipality. See also, Coats of Arms of Gjemnes, Hjartdal, and Voss The Church of Norway has four parishes with a total of five churches and it is part of the Deanery of Orkdal and the Diocese of Nidaros. Hitra is the seventh largest island of mainland Norway, and is bordered by Frøya to the north and it lies between the Trondheimsleia and the Frøyfjorden. The 345-metre tall Mørkdalstuva is the highest point on the island, other than the large island of Hitra, there are many other islands in the municipality, notably Fjellværsøya, Ulvøya, Dolmøya, Helgbustadøya, and Bispøyan. The Børøyholmen lighthouse and Terningen lighthouse are located in the Trondheimsleia in the southeast part of Hitra municipality, the company Kystekspressen runs westamaran services from Trondheim and Kristiansund. The 5, 610-metre long undersea tunnel called the Hitratunnelen connects Hitra to the mainland to the south and the 5, 305-metre long Frøya Tunnel connects Hitra to Frøya to the north
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Leka, Norway
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Leka is a municipality in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region, the administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Leknes. Other villages include Sør-Gutvika and Madsøygrenda, primarily a fishing and farming community, Leka is the northernmost municipality in Trøndelag. The island has been inhabited for at least 10,000 years, the Old Norse form of the name was Leka. The meaning of the name is unknown, but it may come from the word lekke which can mean gravelly ground, dated to the Viking Age, the burial mound Herlaugshaugen is one of the largest from that era. The municipality of Leka was established on 1 October 1860 when it was separated from the municipality of Kolvereid. Initially, the population of Leka was 1,702, on 1 January 1909, the southern district of Leka was separated from Leka to form the new municipality of Gravvik. This left Leka was 1,209 residents, the borders of Leka have not changed since then. The coat-of-arms is from modern times, they were granted on 21 April 1989, the arms show the golden wing and claw of an eagle on a red background. The Church of Norway has one parish within the municipality of Leka and it is part of the Namdal deanery in the Diocese of Nidaros. Leka is an island municipality encompassing the island of Leka, the western part of the island of Austra. The tiny island groups of Sklinna and Horta lie to the west of the main islands, Sklinna Lighthouse is located in the westernmost part of the municipality. Leka borders Vikna and Nærøy municipalities to the south and Bindal to the north, the municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elect a mayor. The municipal council of Leka is made up of 15 representatives that are elected to four years. Currently, the party breakdown is as follows, In the 2007 municipal elections, Leka had the highest vote for the Centre Party in Norway, the island part of Leka is connected to Gutvik by a ferry line, operated by Lekaferja. Nord-Trøndelag travel guide from Wikivoyage Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway
