The Lạc Việt or Luoyue were an ancient conglomeration of multilinguistic, specifically Kra-Dai and Austroasiatic, Yue tribal peoples that inhabited ancient northern Vietnam, and, particularly the ancient Red River Delta, from approximately 700 BC to 100 AD, during the last stage of Neolithic Southeast Asia and the beginning of the period of classical antiquity. From archaeological perspectives, they were known as the Dongsonian. The Lac Viet was known for casting large Heger Type I bronze drums, cultivating paddy rice, and constructing dikes. The Lạc Việt who owned the Bronze Age Đông Sơn culture, which centered at the Red River Delta, are hypothesized to be the ancestors of the modern Kinh Vietnamese. Another population of Luoyue, who inhabited the Zuo river's valley, are believed to be the ancestors of the modern Zhuang people; additionally, Luoyue in southern China are believed to be ancestors of Hlai people.

The Zhuang are a Tai-speaking ethnic group who mostly live in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in Southern China. Some also live in the Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. With the Bouyei, Nùng, Tày, and other Northern Tai speakers, they are sometimes known as the Rau or Rao people. Their population, estimated at 18 million people, makes them the largest minority in China.