The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer was a NASA lunar exploration and technology demonstration mission. It was launched on a Minotaur V rocket from the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport on September 7, 2013. During its seven-month mission, LADEE orbited the Moon's equator, using its instruments to study the lunar exosphere and dust in the Moon's vicinity. Instruments included a dust detector, neutral mass spectrometer, and ultraviolet-visible spectrometer, as well as a technology demonstration consisting of a laser communications terminal. The mission ended on April 18, 2014, when the spacecraft's controllers intentionally crashed LADEE into the far side of the Moon, which, later, was determined to be near the eastern rim of Sundman V crater.
Artist's depiction of LADEE in lunar orbit
At sunrise and sunset various Apollo crews saw glows and rays. This Apollo 17 sketch depicts the mysterious twilight rays.
The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer during liftoff
Frog Photobombs LADEE Launch
Minotaur V is an American expendable launch system derived from the Minotaur IV, itself a derivative of the LGM-118 Peacekeeper ICBM. It was developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation, and made its maiden flight on 7 September 2013 carrying the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer spacecraft for NASA. While Minotaur V is still likely active and available to fly, no further flights are scheduled as of April 2024.
The first Minotaur V at MARS before the launch of LADEE.