The Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory is a research unit of Columbia University located on a 157-acre campus in Palisades, N. Y. 18 miles north of Manhattan on the Hudson River. The Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory was established in 1949 as the Lamont Geological Observatory on the weekend estate of Thomas W. and Florence Haskell Corliss Lamont, donated to the university for that purpose. The Observatory's founder and first director was Maurice "Doc" Ewing, a seismologist, credited with advancing efforts to study the solid Earth in areas related to using sound waves to image rock and sediments beneath the ocean floor, he was the first to collect sediment core samples from the bottom of the ocean, a common practice today that helps scientists study changes in the planet's climate and the ocean's thermohaline circulation. In 1969, the Observatory was renamed Lamont–Doherty in honor of a major gift from the Henry L. and Grace Doherty Charitable Foundation. Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory is Columbia University's Earth sciences research center and is a core component of the Earth Institute, a collection of academic and research units within the university that together address complex environmental issues facing the planet and its inhabitants, with particular focus on advancing scientific research to support sustainable development and the needs of the world's poor.

To support its research and the work of the broader scientific community, Lamont–Doherty operates the 235-foot research vessel, the R/V Marcus Langseth, equipped to undertake a wide range of geological, seismological and biological studies. Lamont–Doherty houses the world's largest collection of deep-sea and ocean-sediment cores as well as many specialized research laboratories; the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University is one of the world's leading research centers developing fundamental knowledge about the origin and future of the natural world. More than 300 research scientists and students study the planet from its deepest interior to the outer reaches of its atmosphere, on every continent and in every ocean. From global climate change to earthquakes, nonrenewable resources, environmental hazards and beyond, Observatory scientists provide a rational basis for the difficult choices facing humankind in the planet's stewardship. Among the many contributions Lamont–Doherty scientists have made to understanding of the Earth system over the years, they: Provided the first definitive evidence to support the theory of plate tectonics and continental drift First explained the role of large-scale ocean circulation systems in abrupt climate change Provided the first evidence that the Earth's inner core is spinning faster than the rest of the planet First to systematically study and first to create a global bathymetric map of the oceans Demonstrated that changes in the Earth's past climate were linked to changes in the planet's rotation and orbit as well as the sun's output Made the first successful prediction of extreme weather associated with an El Niño event First to detect nuclear explosions using seismometers and continue monitoring work as part of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Developed the first lunar seismometers and conducted some of the earliest analyses of the moon's structure and tectonic activity The Division of Biology and Paleo Environment includes oceanographers, geochemists and environmental scientists who pursue research in two connected efforts.

First, because all biological organisms record the environment in which they exist, BPE scientists use biology to uncover clues about earth's past environment. They attempt to understand how modern environmental conditions affect present-day biology. To do this, BPE scientists turn to a number of primary sources, including deep-sea sediment cores, samples from coral reefs, growth rings of trees. Researchers in the Division of Geochemistry study the processes and present, that have governed Earth's many environments. Using chemical and isotopic analyses, division scientists study samples of air, biological remains and meteorites in order to address a broad range of scientific issues, ranging from the particulate and chemical pollutants emitted by the collapse of the World Trade Center, to changes in Earth's past climate, to the fundamental chemical processes involved in the differentiation and formation of the planet's mantle and core; as its name implies, scientists in the Division of Marine Geology and Geophysics are concerned with studying the structure and evolution of the Earth's seafloor.

To do so, they employ tools that include side-scan sonar and multi-channel seismic imaging to map the surface and sub-surface, as well as satellite-based remote sensing. An early success of MG&G researchers was the discovery of seafloor spreading, which led to the general acceptance of plate tectonics as the broad foundation for understanding earthquake generation. Other MG&G scientists study the interface between ice sheets and bedrock, sediment transport in the Hudson River, meteorite impacts in the deep ocean; the Division of Ocean and Climate Physics focuses on the links between Earth's climate system and its oceans, including interactions involving the atmosphere, ocean circulation, planetary volcanism, the cryosphere, the biosphere and external forces such as variability of solar radiation and the occasional asteroid impact. Scientists are increasingly interested in understanding the nature of past and present changes to Earth's climate—whether ab

Rosemary Vodrey is a Canadian former politician in Manitoba, Canada. She was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1990 to 1999, was a senior cabinet minister of the government of Gary Filmon. Vodrey was born Rosemary Webster, the daughter of senior Toronto police officer Jack Webster, she studied Psychology at the University of Toronto before moving to Winnipeg with her partner. Vodrey became a school psychologist, lectured in Home Economics at the University of Manitoba, she became politically active after befriending Gary and Janice Filmon, sought election to the Manitoba legislature in the 1988 provincial election in the central Winnipeg division of Osborne. She finished third, behind incumbent New Democrat Muriel Smith. Vodrey ran for the legislature a second time in the 1990 provincial election, defeated incumbent Liberal Laurie Evans in the Fort Garry division in south-central Winnipeg; the Progressive Conservatives won a majority government, Vodrey entered the legislature as a government backbencher.

She faced a credible challenge from Liberal Jim Woodman in the 1995 provincial election, but was re-elected as the Filmon government won a second majority across the province. Vodrey was appointed to Gary Filmon's cabinet on January 14, 1992, replacing Len Derkach as Minister of Education and Training; some criticized Filmon's choice, arguing that Vodrey's decision to send her own children to private school made her an inappropriate choice to oversee the public system. Court decisionsThere were two important court decisions relating to education during Vodrey's tenure as Education Minister. In August 1992, a provincial judge determined that a section of the Manitoba Public Schools Act requiring mandatory Christian prayer in the classroom was unconstitutional. Manitoba was the last Canadian province to require prayer in public schools, Vodrey did not challenge the decision. In March 1993, the Supreme Court of Canada issued a unanimous decision requiring Manitoba to give exclusive control over French-language education to the province's francophone community.

Vodrey welcomed this decision, saying that her government was proceeding with legislation and promising that a new francophone school division would be in place by September. Manitoba's francophones supported the framework plan, introduced two months later. Budget cutsThe Filmon government introduced austerity measures on education in 1993, including a $16 million cut to public education funding and a 2% cap on school tax increases. Many parents opposed the cuts, while trustees criticized the cap as an encroachment on the autonomy of their boards. Vodrey rejected a request from the Manitoba Association of School Trustees to introduce wage freezes that would absorb some of the resulting financial burden, though she did agree to a separate proposal that allowed boards not to pay their staff for as many as eight professional development days. Manitoba's universities were affected by the austerity drive, with officials at the University of Manitoba predicting layoffs and restricted access to some courses.

Vodrey's decision to cap tuition increases at 5% was described as favourable to student interests. Vodrey announced cuts to rural and northern clinician services, as well as the elimination of Manitoba's post-secondary bursary program, a 35% cut to her department's New Careers program, a 75% surcharge on tuition fees for international students, she argued. Some in the media speculated that Finance Minister Clayton Manness, rather than Vodrey, was the primary instigator of this policy. Other initiativesVodrey unveiled a task force report on Manitoba education in April 1993, highlighted by recommendations that the province assume all costs for special-needs children and that parents be given a greater role in education. John Plohman, education critic for the opposition New Democratic Party, welcomed the report but expressed concern that many of its recommendations would never be implemented by the Filmon government. In July 1993, Vodrey established a provincial commission to review Manitoba's school division boundaries.

The five-person commission was headed by former Winnipeg Mayor Bill Norrie, was given 16 months to conduct its research. Some critics expressed concern that the commission's work would lead to larger divisions. Vodrey favoured greater cooperation with the federal government to establish national goals and standards for education. AssessmentsIn a June 1993 editorial, Winnipeg Free Press columnist Jim Carr described Vodrey as "perhaps the biggest disappointment" in the Filmon cabinet, he characterized her treatment of school boards as "cavalier", wrote that she had demonstrated little interest in improving the public school system. He described her as "little more than a messenger of bad news" to school divisions and universities, while writing that her skills might be better suited to a "less sensitive portfolio". In 1995, the Winnipeg Free Press reported that the Filmon government had shifted funds away from public and post-secondary education and into private training programs and private schools between 1988 and 1993.

Vodrey was promoted to Minister of Justice and Attorney General on September 10, 1993, with additional ministerial responsibility for Constitutional Affairs and the Status of Women. She was retained in these positions after the 1995 provincial election. Criminal justiceVodrey's first major decision as Justice Minister was to call an emergency summit of police and community groups, following the fatal stabbing of a 16-year-old boy in Winnipeg; the summit took place in December, an

The IRIS Engine is a design for a new type of internal combustion engine. Its inventors say that engines constructed using this design can be smaller and more efficient than traditional engines of comparable horsepower and displacement; the design replaces the piston and cylinder architecture of conventional engines with a purportedly novel mechanism called the Internally Radiating Impulse Structure, or IRIS. In January 2008, the IRIS Engine design won first prize for transportation technology in NASA's annual "Create the Future" design competition. In October 2008, the Radial Expansion Engine, a variant of the IRIS design, won second prize in the ConocoPhillips Energy Prize competition. In an IRIS combustion chamber, a number of inverted segments of a circle, or "chordons," interact to create a continuously sealed chamber of variable volume. Instead of elongating during combustion, as a traditional engine does, the IRIS engine's chamber expands in diameter; the inventors claim that this innovation will reduce waste heat and will increase the amount of surface area the engine has available to produce torque.

IRIS engines are designed to run on traditional fuels, but could be adapted to use biodiesel, natural gas, or hydrogen. IRIS chamber technology could be utilized to create pumps and medical devices; the IRIS was conceived of by a Denver, Colorado inventor and businessman. Three of his sons, Corban and Tomicah Tillemann-Dick contributed to the design and are credited on patent applications relating to the IRIS engine; the design won the $20,000 Dow Sustainability Award. A related design by the same team of inventors, the Radial Expansion Engine, was awarded a $75,000 prize in the ConocoPhillips Energy Prize Competition. Http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2009/smallbusiness/0904/gallery. Rice_business_plan_competition_winners.smb/3.html http://www.denverpost.com/search/ci_8189510 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xb0pOKFr1fg

Keitarō Ohno is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party. He is serving as LDP Deputy Secretary General, he has served as Parliamentary Vice Minister of Defense from 2017 to 2018 and Acting Director of Foreign Policy Division and Deputy Chief Secretary of Security Research Committee from 2018 to 2019. He is the son of former Minister of State for Defense of Japan Yoshinori Ohno, he was elected into his father's former seat representing the Kagawa 3rd district in 2012. He started his career as an engineering researcher at Fujitsu Limited, he was with the Space Development Group, involved in research and design of several components on flight-model satellites, including ARH on ETS-VII, GLI on ADEOS-II, TIR on ASTER, XRS on ASTRO-E and LISM on SELENE. In 1999, he moved to its research institute, Fujitsu Laboratories and was working on the robust and optimal control for applications including HDDs, humanoid robot, GPS, spatial information system, etc. During this term, he was with the University of California at Berkeley as visiting fellow to continue to work on the fundamental research on control engineering.

He started his political career as private secretary to the Minister of State for Defense in 2005 when his father was appointed to it by Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi. He was in charge of supporting several issues including 1)revision of the National Defense Program Guideline, 2)realignment of U. S. bases in Japan, 3)extension of activities of Japan’s Self Defense Forces in Iraq. He had been serving as a legislative assistant to his father. Other than the position in the diet, he was with the Department of Information Physics and Computing of the University of Tokyo, where he earned Ph. D. degree in 2007. In September, 2012, he was elected Chairman of 3rd District Branch of Kagawa Prefecture of LDP and was elected member of the House of Representatives of Japan in December, 2012, at the 46th general election. In August, 2017, he was appointed Parliamentary Vice Minister at the Ministry of Defense, his interest includes national security policy, foreign policy, economic policy and technology policy, education policy.

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Lisandro Meza is a Colombian singer and accordionist. Since he inauguratd as a Accordion in 1958, Lisandro has been described as the “King of Cumbia,” “El Macho de America” and the “Master of Vallenato Sabanero.” Meza was once part of the group, Los Corraleros de Majagual in 1962, a huge band in both Colombia and Venezuela. His music is known for its eclectic styled with Dominican Merengue, Louisiana Zydeco, & Tex-Mex Norteño music His music is inspired by many famous artists and musicians such asLos Del Río, Alberto Barros, Aniceto Molina, many more artists. Most of his music are prominent in countries such as Peru, Ecuador, Argentina, USA, Japan, Germany, Spain, & Cameroon; some of his hits are La Gorra, Entra Rejas, Las Tapas, La Cumbia del Amor, Estás Pillao, Lejanía, El Jornalero, Adiccion Fiesta Sabanera Upa Je Siguen las Fiestas Salsita Mami En Nueva York El Grande El Chacho Del Acordeón El Brujo del Acordeón El Accordion Pitador De Lisandro Meza El Negrito El Campeón Mundial del Acordeón La Hija de Amaranto Lisandro 78 El Innocente El Sabanero El León Del Acordeón El Muchacho Alegre Canción para una Muerte Anunciada De Tal Palo Tal Astilla Lejanía ¡Riiico...!

Solo Cumbias Estás Pillao Mi Carrito La Vaca Gas El Sabroso Alejo Y Yo La Lay Del Ta El Mandamás Lisandro Mezacladito Mamando Gallo Mezacladito Vol. 2 El Sabanero Mayor ¡Aquí! Mezacladito Vol. 3 Soy Colombiano Alas De Olvido Internacionales De Fiesta por el Mundo Mucho Lisandro Para Colombia Vol. 1 Amor Lindo Exitos Colombianos Lisandro's Cumbia Y su Conjunto Infinito El Goool Mucho Para Colombia, Vol. 1 Lisandro's Cumbia 20 Grandes Éxitos El Macho Un Mundial de Éxitos Cumbias Colombianas Mi Razon de Ser El Sabanero Mayor El Mago del Accordion A Punta de Maíz La Suegra Por Que Usted Lo Ha Pedido El Rey Sabanero del Acordeón De Parranda en Mi Casa Vol. 2 Solo Por Ti Benditas Mujeres El Sabanero Lisandro Meza: Éxitos Originales El Sabanero Mayor Navidades con Lisandro Meza De Parranda en Mi casa. Vol. 1 Los Super Éxitos De Lisandro Meza El Embajador Pa’ Todo el Mundo Su Majestad Los Triple La Universidad de la Cumbia Sueño Americano De Parranda en Mi Casa Vol. 3 El Saludo Entre Rejas Donde Va Jose Guantaranure El Innocente Entre Rejas Las Tapas La Candela Viva Baracunatana Cumbla de Amor Martha la Reina Martha la Reina Lejanía La Matica Estas Pilla’o Cumbia de los Locos Soledad El Siete Martha la Reina Que Se Vaya el Amor El Macho El Hombre Feliz (The Happy Man La Muetre de Tite Senderito de Amor Vuelve Yo Quiero Ser Hay Amores que Matan El Jornalero

Celastrina is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae found in the Palearctic, Nearctic and Australasian realms. Listed alphabetically: Celastrina acesina – south-eastern Papua New Guinea Celastrina albocoeruleus – albocerulean Celastrina algernoni – Philippines and Borneo Celastrina argiolus – holly blue Celastrina cardia – pale hedge blue Celastrina dipora – dusky blue Cupid Celastrina echo – echo azure – California, Oregon Celastrina fedoseevi Korshunov & Ivonin, 1990 – Transbaikalia, Amur Oblast Celastrina filipjevi – Ussuri, northeast China, Korea Celastrina gigas – western Himalayas, Fujian Celastrina gozora – Mexican azure Celastrina hersilia – Nepal to China Celastrina huegeli – large hedge blue Celastrina humulus Scott & Wright, 1998 – hops azure – Colorado Celastrina idella Wright & Pavulaan, 1999 – holly azure Celastrina iynteana – Jyntea hedge blue Celastrina ladon – spring azure Celastrina ladonides – silvery hedge blue Celastrina lavendularis – plain hedge blue Celastrina lucia – Lucia azure or boreal spring azure Celastrina morsheadi – Tibet Celastrina neglecta – summer azure Celastrina neglectamajor Opler & Krizek, 1984 – Appalachian azure Celastrina nigra – spring sooty, dusky azure, or sooty azure – eastern United States Celastrina ogasawaraensis – Japan Celastrina oreas – Ussuri, Nepal, northeast India, Korea Celastrina perplexa Eliot & Kawazoé, 1983 – China Celastrina phellodendroni Omelko, 1987 – Ussuri Celastrina philippina – Borneo, Philippines, Moluccas, West Irian, Papua New Guinea, Halmahera, Timor, Sula Islands, Ambon Island, Obi Islands Celastrina serotina Pavulaan & Wright, 2005 – cherry gall azure Celastrina sugitanii – Japan, Korea, northeast China images representing Celastrina at Consortium for the Barcode of Life