1.
Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower
–
Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower is a supertall skyscraper in Pham Hung Boulevard, Từ Liêm District, Hanoi, Vietnam. The complex consists of one 72-story office tower with the height of 350 m and two 48-storey residence towers. Landmark 72 is located on an area of 46,054 m2, the investor as well as the executor and operator of this complex is the South Korea-based company named Keangnam Enterprises, Ltd. The investment capital for this complex is estimated $1.05 billion USD, on November 2010, the main tower reached approximately 300 metres, making it the tallest structure in Vietnam. On 24 January 2011, the tower topped out at 350 metres. The complex features a 5-star InterContinental hotel, offices, entertainment areas, retail spaces, clinics, the complex opened for business on 18 May 2012. Landmark 72 is the world’s 35th-highest building and the highest in Indochina Peninsula, Keangnam Enterprises indirectly owned a 70-percent stake in Landmark 72. The company invested over US$1 billion with US$510 million borrowed from banks, Landmark 72 is the site of Vietnam’s highest stair climbing race, the Vietnam Landmark 72 Hanoi Vertical Run. On 30 September 2012, runners competed for the first time to be the fastest to ascend the towers 1,914 steps, in 2013, Keangnam was facing a liquidity crisis and intended to refinance or sale of the complex. When the deal fell through, Keangnam entered into court receivership in South Korea. List of tallest buildings in the world List of tallest residential buildings in the world List of tallest hotels in the world InterContinental Hanoi Landmark 72 http, //www. landmark72. com
2.
Neo-futurism
–
Neo-futurism is a late 20th–early 21st century movement in the arts, design, and architecture. It could be seen as a departure from the attitude of post-modernism and represents a belief in a better future. This avant-garde movement is a rethinking of the aesthetic and functionality of rapidly growing cities. In the Western countries, futurist architecture evolved into Art Deco, the Googie movement and high-tech architecture, pioneered in the late 1960s and early 70s by American architects Buckminster Fuller and John C. Portman, Jr. Jean-Louis Cohen has defined neo-futurism as a corollary to technology, being the structures built today byproducts of new materials to create previously impossible forms
3.
Vietnam
–
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 92.7 million inhabitants as of 2016, it is the worlds 14th-most-populous country, and its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976, with Ho Chi Minh City as a historical city as well. The northern part of Vietnam was part of Imperial China for over a millennium, an independent Vietnamese state was formed in 939, following a Vietnamese victory in the Battle of Bạch Đằng River. Following a Japanese occupation in the 1940s, the Vietnamese fought French rule in the First Indochina War, thereafter, Vietnam was divided politically into two rival states, North Vietnam, and South Vietnam. Conflict between the two sides intensified in what is known as the Vietnam War, the war ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975. Vietnam was then unified under a communist government but remained impoverished, in 1986, the government initiated a series of economic and political reforms which began Vietnams path towards integration into the world economy. By 2000, it had established relations with all nations. Since 2000, Vietnams economic growth rate has been among the highest in the world and its successful economic reforms resulted in its joining the World Trade Organization in 2007. It is also a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, Vietnam remains one of the worlds four remaining one-party socialist states officially espousing communism. The name Việt Nam is a variation of Nam Việt, a name that can be traced back to the Triệu Dynasty of the 2nd century BC. The word Việt originated as a form of Bách Việt. The form Vietnam is first recorded in the 16th-century oracular poem Sấm Trạng Trình, the name has also been found on 12 steles carved in the 16th and 17th centuries, including one at Bao Lam Pagoda in Haiphong that dates to 1558. Then, as recorded, rewarded Yuenan/Vietnam as their nations name, to also show that they are below the region of Baiyue/Bach Viet. Between 1804 and 1813, the name was used officially by Emperor Gia Long and it was revived in the early 20th century by Phan Bội Châus History of the Loss of Vietnam, and later by the Vietnamese Nationalist Party. The country was usually called Annam until 1945, when both the government in Huế and the Viet Minh government in Hanoi adopted Việt Nam. Archaeological excavations have revealed the existence of humans in what is now Vietnam as early as the Paleolithic age, Homo erectus fossils dating to around 500,000 BC have been found in caves in Lạng Sơn and Nghệ An provinces in northern Vietnam. The oldest Homo sapiens fossils from mainland Southeast Asia are of Middle Pleistocene provenance, teeth attributed to Homo sapiens from the Late Pleistocene have also been found at Dong Can, and from the Early Holocene at Mai Da Dieu, Lang Gao and Lang Cuom. The Hồng Bàng dynasty of the Hùng kings is considered the first Vietnamese state, in 257 BC, the last Hùng king was defeated by Thục Phán, who consolidated the Lạc Việt and Âu Việt tribes to form the Âu Lạc, proclaiming himself An Dương Vương
4.
Arup Group
–
The firm has over 14,000 staff based in 92 offices across 42 countries, and is present in Africa, the Americas, Australasia, East Asia, Europe and the Middle East. Arup has participated in projects in over 160 countries, Arup is owned by trusts, the beneficiaries of which are Arups past and present employees, who receive a share of the firms operating profit each year. The firm was founded in London in 1946, as the Ove N. Arup Consulting Engineers by Ove Arup and he set out to build a firm where professionals of diverse disciplines could work together to produce projects of greater quality than was achievable by them working in isolation. In 1963, together with the architect Philip Dowson, Arup Associates was formed, in 1970, the firm reformed as Ove Arup & Partners. It is best known for its work for the built environment. Projects to which it has contributed include the Sydney Opera House,3, Nevada, USA Druk White Lotus School was built to survive the Ladakhi weather. Kingdom Centre, The third tallest skyscraper in Saudi Arabia, and the second tallest in Riyadh and this group continues to work under the banner of Arup Associates following a streamlining of the Arup brand. Many of Arups modern stadia are designed with a contemporary, distinctive edge, the most notable stadium projects led by Arup remain the City of Manchester Stadium, Allianz Arena, Beijing National Stadium, Donbass Arena and the Singapore Sports Hub. Arups multidisciplinary sports venue design and engineering scope on the Singapore Sports Hub won the 2013 World Architecture Festival Award in the Future Projects, the Casa da Música, Oporto, designed by Arup and Office for Metropolitan Architecture was nominated for the 2007 Stirling Prize. Arup was awarded the Worldaware Award for Innovation for its Vawtex air system in Harare International School, Arup Fire has won the Fire Safety Engineering Design award four times since its creation in 2001. The 2001 inaugural award was won for Arups contribution to the Eden Project in Cornwall, UK, in 2004, the design for Londons City Hall was appointed joint winner. In 2005, the Temple Mills Eurostar Depot won, the 2006 winning entry was for Amethyst House, a nine-storey building with an atrium from the ground to the top, in Manchester, UK. Arup was also awarded Royal Town Planning Institute Consultancy of the award in 2008. Mike Glover is the recipient of the 2008 Institution of Structural Engineers Gold Medal, the Evelyn Grace Academy, London designed by Zaha Hadid Architects and Arup won the prestigious RIBA Stirling Prize 2011. Arup was named Tunnel Design Firm of the Year at the 2012 ITA AITES International Tunnelling Awards, Arup Fellow is a lifelong honorary title awarded to selected honorary individuals in the firm. It acknowledges the highest design and technical achievements of people, not only within the firm and they are considered role models who possess world-class expertise who put theory into effective practice. Sir Ove Nyquist Arup, structural engineer and philosopher, founder of the company, recipient of the RIBA Royal Gold Medal for Architecture 1966, peter Dunican, structural engineer, first chairman of Ove Arup Partnership, and President of the Institution of Structural Engineers in 1977 and 1978. Sir Jack Zunz, civil engineer, and principal designer of the Sydney Opera House
5.
Skyscraper
–
A skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building having multiple floors. When the term was used in the 1880s it described a building of 10 to 20 floors. Mostly designed for office, commercial and residential uses, a skyscraper can also be called a high-rise, for buildings above a height of 300 m, the term supertall can be used, while skyscrapers reaching beyond 600 m are classified as megatall. One common feature of skyscrapers is having a steel framework that supports curtain walls and these curtain walls either bear on the framework below or are suspended from the framework above, rather than resting on load-bearing walls of conventional construction. Some early skyscrapers have a frame that enables the construction of load-bearing walls taller than of those made of reinforced concrete. Modern skyscrapers walls are not load-bearing, and most skyscrapers are characterized by surface areas of windows made possible by steel frames. However, skyscrapers can have curtain walls that mimic conventional walls with a surface area of windows. Modern skyscrapers often have a structure, and are designed to act like a hollow cylinder to resist wind, seismic. To appear more slender, allow less wind exposure, and transmit more daylight to the ground, many skyscrapers have a design with setbacks, a relatively big building may be considered a skyscraper if it protrudes well above its built environment and changes the overall skyline. The maximum height of structures has progressed historically with building methods and technologies, the Burj Khalifa is currently the tallest building in the world. High-rise buildings are considered shorter than skyscrapers, the first steel-frame skyscraper was the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, Illinois in 1885. Even the scholars making the argument find it to be purely academic and this definition was based on the steel skeleton—as opposed to constructions of load-bearing masonry, which passed their practical limit in 1891 with Chicagos Monadnock Building. What is the characteristic of the tall office building. The force and power of altitude must be in it, the glory and it must be every inch a proud and soaring thing, rising in sheer exaltation that from bottom to top it is a unit without a single dissenting line. Some structural engineers define a highrise as any vertical construction for which wind is a significant load factor than earthquake or weight. Note that this criterion fits not only high-rises but some other tall structures, the word skyscraper often carries a connotation of pride and achievement. A loose convention of some in the United States and Europe draws the limit of a skyscraper at 150 m or 490 ft. The tallest building in ancient times was the 146 m Great Pyramid of Giza in ancient Egypt and it was not surpassed in height for thousands of years, the 14th century AD Lincoln Cathedral being conjectured by many to have exceeded it
6.
Bitexco Financial Tower
–
Bitexco Financial Tower is a 68-Storey,262.5 m skyscraper in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. At completion in 2010, it became the tallest building in Vietnam and kept this status until January 2011, Bitexco Financial Tower is owned by Bitexco Group, a Vietnamese company. The tower is owned by Bitexco Group, a multi-industry corporation, the building also houses the Ho Chi Minh City office of Bitexco Group, while its headquarters are in Hanoi. The tower was designed by Carlos Zapata, Design Principal and Founder of Carlos Zapata Studio, designer Zapata, who was born in Venezuela but is based in New York City, drew inspiration for this skyscrapers unique shape from Vietnams national flower, the Lotus. The tower was inaugurated on October 31,2010. In 2013, CNN. com named the Bitexco Financial Tower one of the 25 Great Skyscraper Icons of Construction, and in 2015, Thrillist. com named the Bitexco Financial Tower the #2 Coolest Skyscraper in the World. The groundbreaking ceremony was held in September 2005, two years later, in June 2007, construction of the tower started. The tower topped out in mid-2010 and had its inauguration ceremony on 31 October 2010, Bitexco Financial Tower is an international standard mixed use project which includes office, retail, F&B and entertainment space. At Floor 49, at height around 178 metres, there is a deck, Saigon Skydeck, open to the public daily. From floors 50 to 52, there are further F&B and entertainment offerings, including a dining restaurant. Vietnams first non-rooftop helipad is on the 52nd floor of the Bitexco Financial Tower, the helipad extends 22 meters out from the main structure. It is strong enough to carry a helicopter up to 3 tons of weight, grand Atrium Lobby Wall & Façade system The glass from Belgium was purchased and shipped to China for manufacturing. Once in China the low iron heat strengthened glass was cut into 6,000 individual panels, each panel is double glazed with the outside layer being 8mm thick and internal air space of 12mm and an internal panel of 8mm. Finally the glass was shipped to Ho Chi Minh City and the panels were installed as the building grew higher. Each of the 6,000 sleek glass panels enveloping the Bitexco Financial Tower is individually cut to unique specifications because each floor is unique, helipad Located on the southern side of the Bitexco Financial Tower, the helipad cantilevers from the 52nd floor and resembles a blossoming lotus bud. Its installation alone took two months. Most of the used to construct the helipad were purchased from Europe and South Korea and the manufacturing took place in Bu Gang. Once the fabrication of the helipad was completed, it was shipped to Vietnam, to ensure proper assembly, the entire helipad was pre-assembled on the ground of a factory in Đồng Nai Province in Vietnam – a process that took about three weeks
7.
3 World Trade Center
–
3 World Trade Center is a skyscraper under construction as part of the rebuilding of the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The project lies on the east side of Greenwich Street, across the street from the location of the Twin Towers. Pritzker Prize-winning architect Richard Rogers, of Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners, was awarded the contract to design the building, as of August 2016, the buildings concrete core is topped out to maximum height, with the perimeter steel structure topped out on October 6,2016. The building is scheduled to be completed in 2018, Marriott World Trade Center was previously located at the address until its destruction in 2001. It was a 22-story steel-frame hotel with 825 rooms and it had a roof height of 242 feet. Construction began in 1979 and it opened in July 1981 as the Vista International Hotel, the Marriott World Trade Center was a 22-story steel-framed hotel building with 825 rooms. It had a height of 73.7 m and was designed by Skidmore. Its structural engineer was Leslie E. Robertson Associates with Tishman Construction serving as the main contractor and it opened in July 1981 as the Vista International Hotel and was located at 3 World Trade Center in New York City. 3 World Trade Center was originally planned for a podium of seven stories for trading floors, the diamond braces initially planned for the front and rear faces of the building have been dropped from the design and the tower is to be built without them. However, the diagonal bracing on the sides will remain, the total floor space of the building is planned to include 2,000,000 sq ft of office and retail space. The buildings groundbreaking took place in January 2008, and at time it was scheduled to be completed by 2014. Unusually for a high-rise, the concrete core would be built before the rest of the structure was completed. The structural engineer for the building is WSP, in November 2010, three PureCell fuel cells were delivered at the World Trade Center site which together will provide about 30% of the tower’s power. On May 11,2009, it was announced that the Port Authority of New York, the agency cited the recession and disagreements with developer Larry Silverstein as reasons for the proposed reduction. Silverstein opposed the plan, filing a notice of dispute on July 7,2009, Silverstein Properties, which has paid the Port Authority over US$2.75 billion in financing, noted the organization’s inability to meet construction obligations in its official complaint. If Silverstein Properties meets those triggers, then the Port Authority, City of New York, Silverstein Properties also needs to provide financing for the remaining cost of the tower before it can be completed. The existing foundation of the tower was entirely with insurance proceeds. The agreement also implemented a cash trap to make sure that public investments are paid off before Silverstein Properties makes any profits from the tower, the tower portion of 3 World Trade Center will be fully built after meeting the requirements
8.
432 Park Avenue
–
432 Park Avenue is a residential skyscraper in Manhattan, New York City that overlooks Central Park. Originally proposed to be 1,300 feet in 2011, the structure topped out at 1,396 ft and it was developed by CIM Group and features 104 condominium apartments. Construction began in 2012 and was completed on December 23,2015, the building required the demolition of the 495-room Drake Hotel. Built in 1926, it was purchased for $440 million in 2006 by developer Harry Macklowe and its footprint became one of New Yorks most valuable development sites due to its location, between East 56th and 57th Streets on the west side of Park Avenue. As completed,432 Park Avenue is the third tallest building in the United States, and it is the second-tallest building in New York City, behind One World Trade Center, and ahead of the Empire State Building. 432 Park Avenue is the second-tallest building in New York City, by mid-2018,217 West 57th Street and 111 West 57th Street will be at a similar height. The tower has a footprint of approximately 30,000 square feet and has 12.5 foot ceilings, the building was officially topped out on October 10,2014, making it the highest rooftop in the city. The building has one of the highest height-to-width ratios of any skyscraper in the world, the design of the structure was conceived by architect Rafael Viñoly who was inspired by a trash can designed in 1905 by an Austrian designer. The tower has eighty-four 8, 255-square-foot stories, each with six 100-square-foot windows per face, interiors are designed by Deborah Berke and the firm Bentel & Bentel, which also designed Eleven Madison Park and the Gramercy Tavern. To support its thin orthogonal frame, the structure features larger columns at its base than on the upper floors, the buildings amenities include 12-foot golf training facilities and private dining and screening rooms. The first sale of apartment #35B was reported in January 2016 for $18.116 million, ten additional apartments were available at the time ranging from $17.4 to $44.25 million. #35B covers 4,000 square feet, one half of the 35th floor of the tower, each face has six 10 by 10 ft windows, which for #35B, face south and west with views of Central Park. The structure of the tower is composed of a 30 ft square reinforced concrete core with 30 in thick walls and this core houses the elevator shafts and all the building mechanical services. The outer structural skin is composed of a grid of 3 ft 8 in wide columns, the columns begin with a depth of 5 ft 4 in at the bottom of the tower, to as little as 20 in at the top. This layout permits all of the space on each floor to remain fully open for the complete 27 feet span between the core and shell. These floors also contain modularized mechanical services for the six floors above, in addition two tuned mass dampers are located at the top of the tower and in the outriggers of some of the mechanical floors to help damp the motion. Despite its success, the skyscraper has received mixed reviews from professionals and laymen alike since not everyone agreed with the artistic value of the building. The building has been maligned by some city residents since they believe it represents New Yorks increasing cost of living and ostentatious wealth
9.
Aon Center (Chicago)
–
With 83 floors and a height of 1,136 feet, it is the third tallest building in Chicago, surpassed in height by the Willis Tower and the Trump International Hotel and Tower. The building is managed by Jones Lang LaSalle, which is headquartered in the building. Aon Center formerly had the headquarters of Aon and Amoco, Aons US operations are headquartered here. The Standard Oil Building was constructed as the new headquarters of the Standard Oil Company of Indiana, when it was completed in 1974 it was the tallest building in Chicago and the fourth-tallest in the world, earning it the nickname Big Stan. The building employs a tubular steel-framed structural system with V-shaped perimeter columns to resist earthquakes, reduce sway, minimize column bending and this construction method was also used for the former World Trade Center towers in New York City. When completed, it was the worlds tallest marble-clad building, being sheathed entirely with 43,000 slabs of Italian Carrara marble, the marble used was thinner than previously attempted in cladding a building, this quickly proved to be a mistake. On December 25,1973, during construction a 350-pound marble slab detached from the façade, in 1985, inspection found numerous cracks and bowing in the marble cladding of the building. To alleviate the problem, stainless steel straps were added to hold the marble in place, later, from 1990 to 1992, the entire building was refaced with Mount Airy white granite at an estimated cost of over $80 million. The buildings facade now somewhat resembles that of the former World Trade Center due to the flow of the columns. The Standard Oil Building was renamed the Amoco Building when the company changed names in 1985, in 1998, Amoco sold the building to The Blackstone Group for an undisclosed amount, estimated to be between $430 and $440 million. It was renamed as the Aon Center on December 30,1999, in May 2003, Wells Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. acquired the building for between $465 and $475 million. In recent years, the top floors of the building have been lit at night with colors to reflect a particular season or holiday, orange is used for Thanksgiving, green or red for Christmas, and pink during National Breast Cancer Awareness Month. The lighting commonly matches the nighttime lighting on the antenna of Willis Tower, the John Hancock Center, in the plaza, there is a sounding sculpture by Harry Bertoia
10.
Bank of America Plaza (Atlanta)
–
Bank of America Plaza is a skyscraper located in between Midtown Atlanta and Downtown Atlanta. At 312 m the tower is the 87th-tallest building in the world and it is the 11th tallest building in the U. S. the tallest building in Georgia and the tallest building in any U. S. state capital. It has 55 stories of space and was completed in 1992. Originally intended to be the headquarters for Citizens & Southern National Bank, the building was developed by Cousins Properties and designed by the architectural firm Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates LLC. Designed in the Art Déco style, it was built in only 14 months, the Plazas imposing presence is heightened by the dark color of its exterior. It soars into the sky with vertical lines that reinforce its height while also creating an abundance of revenue-generating corner offices, located over 3.7 acres on Peachtree Street. There is a 90 ft obelisk-like spire at the top of the building echoing the shape of the building as a whole, most of the spire is covered in 23 karat gold leaf. The open-lattice steel pyramid underneath the obelisk glows yellow-orange at night due to lighting, originally, the lattice was designed to be clad in glass, but the engineers failed to take the weight of the glass into account. At its most basic, this is an interpretation of the Art Deco theme seen in the Empire State Building. The inhabited part of the building actually ends abruptly with a flat roof, on top of this is built a pyramid of girders, which are gilded and blaze at night, with the same type of yellow-orange high-pressure sodium lighting now used in most street lights. Its design has been characterized as similar to the Messeturm in Frankfurt am Main, the skyscraper, built at a 45-degree angle to the citys street grid, is set back off its eastern and western street boundaries, Peachtree Street and West Peachtree Street, by over 50 yards. This setback is filled, variously, by driveways, parking garage entrances, potted plants, granite staircases, and sloping lawns. The building directly abuts the sidewalk on North Avenue, its boundary, with access to this street through a parking garage entrance. Some urban planners decry the building as a Corbusian tower in a park, as it actively disengages itself from the environment surrounding it. Critics argue that the building encourages its tenants to access it primarily by car, however it is across the street from the MARTA-rail North Avenue station. As of 2014, new sidewalks, pavers, ADA ramps, pedestrian light-poles, improved tree wells, new bike racks and these neighborhood improvements are slated to be completed by 2016 at a cost of $1.04 million. ∈, a $30 million renovation to the lobby, health club, the building and property management were awarded Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce E3 Liquid Assets, a recognition in water sustainability. Midtown Atlantas Midtown Alliance also recognized it as an EcoDistrict Green Luminary for its significant commitment to sustainability practices, beginning in 2016, $15 million will be invested over the next few years to significantly modernize the common areas including the lobby, west wing and some deferred maintenance
View of Landmark 81 with surrounding high-rises.[3]
