Robert Gordon (musician)
Robert Gordon is an American musician and actor, best known as a neo-rockabilly singer. Robert Gordon grew up in Bethesda, Maryland, at the age of nine, he was greatly inspired by the Elvis Presley song Heartbreak Hotel playing on radio and decided to pursue a career as a Rock & Roll musician at that young age. His influences included Gene Vincent, Jack Scott, Billy Lee Riley, Eddie Cochran and he made his recording debut at age 17 in 1964 with a group called the Confidentials. The Confidentials, with Robert as the singer, recorded the songs Summertime, when asked how he related to the 1960s, Robert replied I didnt. During the turbulent times of the late 1960s, with the rioting and antiwar protests of the period, Robert served in the National Guard in Washington, I didnt want to be sent to Vietnam, he recalls. Gordon moved to New York City in 1970 and a few years joined a rock band there known as the Tuff Darts. That same year, Robert appeared in a punk/New Wave style film entitled Unmade Beds, blondie lead singer Deborah Harry appeared in the film.
Record producer Richard Gottehrer discovered Robert during a rehearsal one afternoon with the Tuff Darts, Gottehrer was impressed with Gordons baritone voice and his rendition of Elvis Presleys One Night. After some conversation, Robert suggested working with guitar legend Link Wray, Wray was contacted and he agreed to work with them both. Robert to me sounds a lot like the early Elvis, back when he was at Sun Records, in 1977 Robert Gordon with Link Wray on Private Stock Records was the result of this collaboration. Due to Elvis Presleys death, the picked up some airplay. In 1978, Gordon made an album with Wray, on the Private Stock label. The record featured The Jordanaires, who had been background vocalists for Presley, Springsteen played keyboards on the track. An advertisement in the March 11,1978 edition of Billboard magazine read, in part, Robert Gordon, the new voice of Rock and Roll, and Link Wray, FRESH FISH SPECIAL follows their red hot first album – and its a killer. Bruce Springsteen wrote a song for it, Elvis Presley, Gene Vincent, Eddie Cochran and Jack Scott are faithfully remembered in it.
In late 1978, RCA records signed Gordon to a contract which he described as a dream come true to be on Elvis label, in February 1979 Rock Billy Boogie was released, this time without Wray, as Chris Spedding joined Gordon, playing lead guitar. Writer Bruce Eder hailed Gordons next album Bad Boy, released in 1980, the next and last album for RCA was 1981s Are You Gonna Be The One. It is Gordons best selling album to date, with more than 200,000 copies sold, danny Gatton played lead guitar on this record and Marshall Crenshaw penned the single Someday Someway which went to No.76 on the Billboard charts in 1981
Bill Graham (promoter)
Bill Graham was a German-American impresario and rock concert promoter from the 1960s until his death in 1991 in a helicopter crash. On July 4,1939 he was sent from Germany to France to escape the Holocaust, at age 10 he settled in a foster home in the Bronx, New York. Graham graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School and from City College with a business degree, in the early 1960s, he moved to San Francisco, and, in 1965, began to manage the San Francisco Mime Troupe. He had teamed up with local Haight Ashbury promoter Chet Helms and Family Dog and this eventually turned into a profitable full-time career and he assembled a talented staff. Graham had a profound influence around the world, sponsoring the musical renaissance of the 60s from the epicenter, San Francisco. Graham was born in Berlin, the youngest child and only son of lower middle-class parents and Jacob Yankel Grajonca and his father died two days after his sons birth. Graham was nicknamed Wolfgang by his family early in life, Grahams older sisters Sonja and Ester stayed behind with their mother.
After the fall of France, Graham was among a group of Jewish orphans spirited out of France, but a majority, including Tolla Grajonca, did not survive the difficult journey. He was one of the One Thousand Children, those mainly Jewish children who managed to flee Hitler and Europe, and come directly to North America, nearly all these OTC parents were killed by the Reich. Graham had five sisters, Evelyn, Sonia and Tolla, Rita and Ester moved to the United States and were close to Graham in his life. Evelyn and Sonia escaped the Holocaust, first to Shanghai, and later, after the war, once in the United States, Graham was placed in a foster home in The Bronx in New York City. After being taunted as an immigrant and being called a Nazi because of his German-accented English, Graham worked on his accent and he changed his name to sound more American. Graham graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School and obtained a degree from City College. He was quoted as describing his training as that of an efficiency expert, Graham was drafted into the United States Army in 1951, and served in the Korean War, where he was awarded both the Bronze Star and Purple Heart.
Upon his return to the States he worked as a d in Catskill Mountain resorts in upstate New York during their heyday. He was quoted saying that his experience as a maître d, tito Puente, who played some of these resorts, went on record saying that Graham was avid to learn Spanish from him, but only cared about the curse words. Graham moved from New York to San Francisco in the early 1960s to be closer to his sister Rita. He was invited to attend a concert in Golden Gate Park, produced by Chet Helms and the Diggers, where he made contact with the San Francisco Mime Troupe
The Shadows
The group, who were in the forefront of the UK beat-group boom, were the first backing band to emerge as stars. As pioneers of the instrumental format, the band consisted of lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass guitar. Their range covers pop, surf rock and ballads with a jazz influence, the core members are Hank Marvin, Bruce Welch and Brian Bennett. The sound was produced by Fender and Burns guitars, amplifiers by Vox and echo units Meazzi Echomatic tape, the Shadows, with Cliff Richard, dominated British popular music in the late 1950s and early 1960s in the years before the Beatles. Although they lost ground in the late 60s, the band had a success from the late 70s. The Shadows are the third most successful act in the UK singles chart, behind Elvis Presley, the Shadows and Cliff Richard & the Shadows each have had four No.1 selling EPs. The Shadows, although originally the band for Richard, were an instrumental combo, following their success with the Jerry Lordan composition. The Shadows disbanded in 1968 but Marvin and Welch formed a trio with John Farrar, as Marvin.
Because of low sales and fans demanding Shadows numbers at gigs, the group disbanded in 1990 but reformed in 2004–05 for a UK and continental European tour and again during 2009–10 to tour and release an album with a 50th anniversary reunion with Richard. Samwell wrote the first hit, Move It, often attributed to Cliff Richard. Initially, Norrie Paramor wanted to record using only studio musicians but after persuasion he allowed Smart, two session players, guitarist Ernie Shear and bassist Frank Clark, played on the Move It/Schoolboy Crush single on Paramors insistence to ensure a strong sound. In his memoirs Welch regrets that he and Marvin could not be at the start of making history with Move It, the Drifters signed for Jack Goods Oh Boy. television series. Paramor of EMI signed Richard, and asked Johnny Foster to recruit a better guitarist, Foster went to Sohos 2is coffee bar, known for musical talent performing there, particularly in skiffle, in search of guitarist Tony Sheridan. Sheridan was not there but Fosters attention was caught by another musician, in spring the same year, the US Drifters threatened legal action after the release and immediate withdrawal of Feelin Fine in the US.
The second single, Jet Black, was released in the US as the Four Jets to avoid further legal aggravation, the name the Shadows was invented by Harris while he and Marvin were at the Six Bells pub in Ruislip in July 1959. When Hank Marvin and Jet Harris took off on their scooters up to the Six Bells pub at Ruislip, Jet hit upon a name straight away. So we became the Shadows for the first time on Cliffs sixth single Travellin Light, in 1960, Apache, an instrumental by Jerry Lordan, topped the charts for five weeks. Further hits followed, notably Wonderful Land, another Lordan composition with orchestral backing, kon Tiki six months earlier had reached number one
Apache (instrumental)
Apache is a much-recorded instrumental written by Jerry Lordan. The original version was by the British group the Shadows, recorded in June 1960 and it topped the UK Singles Chart for five weeks. In North America, the tune is identified with Jørgen Ingmann, who recorded his own famous version of Apache in the fall of 1960, and which was released in the United States in November 1960. In 1961, this version, credited to Jørgen Ingmann and His Guitar, made No.2 on the Billboard Hot 100. The track reached No.1 on Canadas CHUM Chart, a 1973 version by the Incredible Bongo Band has been called hip-hop’s national anthem. Although this version was not a hit on release, its long percussion break has been sampled countless times on hip hop, in March 2005, Q magazine placed Apache at No.96 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks. English songwriter and composer Jerry Lordan came up with the tune, the title Apache reflects the source of Lordans inspiration, the 1954 American western film Apache. The original recording was by British guitarist Bert Weedon in early 1960 and it remained unreleased for several months.
In mid-1960 the Shadows were on tour with Lordan as a supporting act, the band discovered Apache when Lordan played it on a ukulele. Lordan figured the tune would fit the Shadows, the band agreed, the recording was done at the EMI Abbey Road Studio in London. Record producer Norrie Paramor preferred the flip side, an instrumental of the army song The Quartermasters Stores, Paramor changed his mind after his daughter preferred Apache. It has been cited by a generation of guitarists as inspirational and is considered one of the most influential British rock 45s of the pre-Beatles era, the Shadows said – Whats the most distinctive sound of our group. We often wondered what it is ourselves, really, it is the sound we had when we recorded Apache – that kind of Hawaiian sounding lead guitar. After the Shadows version began its rise up the UK charts, neither the Shadows nor Weedon had any impact on North America. From this point, the became a staple of instrumental combos on both sides of the Atlantic.
Among many recordings, Spanish rock band Los Pekenikes covered Apache in 1961, The Ventures in 1962 and Davie Allan, sonny James recorded a vocal music version in 1961. It was produced in Nashville by Chet Atkins and was review-rated as a Spotlight Winner, Billboard Music Week in its edition of March 6,1961. George Harrison said The Beatles used to play Apache as well as other Shadows hits during their shows in Hamburg, in 1970, English progressive rock group The Edgar Broughton Band released a single Apache Dropout, which combined Apache with a version of Captain Beefhearts Dropout Boogie
Pete Townshend
His career with the Who spans over 50 years, during which time the band grew to be considered one of the most influential bands of the 20th century. He has more than 100 songs that have appeared on his solo albums, as well as radio jingles. He is self-taught on all of the instruments he plays and has never had any formal training, due to his aggressive playing style and innovative songwriting techniques, Townshends works with The Who and in other projects have earned him critical acclaim. He and Daltrey received The George and Ira Gershwin Award for Lifetime Musical Achievement at UCLA on 21 May 2016, Peter Dennis Blandford Townshend was born on 19 May 1945, at Chiswick Hospital, West London. The Townshends had a marriage, as both drank heavily and possessed fiery tempers. Cliff Townshend was often away from his touring with his band while Betty carried on affairs with other men. The two split when Townshend was a toddler and he was sent to live with his maternal grandmother Emma Dennis, whom Pete described as clinically insane.
The two-year separation ended when Cliff and Betty purchased a house together on Woodgrange Avenue in middle-class Acton, Townshend says he did not have many friends growing up, so he spent much of his boyhood reading adventure novels like Gullivers Travels and Treasure Island. He enjoyed his familys frequent excursions to the seaside and the Isle of Man and it was on one of these trips in the summer of 1956 that he repeatedly watched the 1956 film Rock Around the Clock, sparking his fascination with American rock and roll. Not long thereafter, he went to see Bill Haley perform in London, at the time, he did not see himself pursuing a career as a professional musician, instead, he wanted to become a journalist. Upon passing the exam, Townshend was enrolled at Acton County Grammar School. At Acton County, he was bullied because he had a large nose. His grandmother Emma purchased his first guitar for Christmas in 1956, though his father taught him a couple of chords, Townshend was largely self-taught on the instrument and never learned to read music.
Townshend and school friend John Entwistle formed a trad jazz group. The Confederates played gigs at the Congo Club, a club run by the Acton Congregational Church, and covered Acker Bilk, Kenny Ball. However, both influenced by the increasing popularity of rock n roll, with Townshend particularly admiring Cliff Richards debut single. Townshend left the Confederates after getting into a fight with the drummer, Chris Sherwin. Townshends brothers Paul and Simon were born in 1957 and 1960, lacking the requisite test scores to attend university, Pete was faced with the decision of art school, music school, or getting a job
Jimmy Page
James Patrick Jimmy Page, OBE is an English musician and record producer who achieved international success as the guitarist and founder of the rock band Led Zeppelin. Page began his career as a session musician in London and, by the mid-1960s. He was a member of the Yardbirds from 1966 to 1968, in late 1968, he founded Led Zeppelin. Page is widely considered to be one of the greatest and most influential guitarists of all time, Rolling Stone magazine has described Page as the pontiff of power riffing and ranked him number 3 in their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. In 2010, he was ranked number two in Gibsons list of Top 50 Guitarists of All Time and, in 2007, number four on Classic Rocks 100 Wildest Guitar Heroes. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, once as a member of the Yardbirds, Page has been described by Uncut as rocks greatest and most mysterious guitar hero. Los Angeles Times magazine voted Jimmy Page the 2nd greatest guitarist of all time, Page was born to James Patrick Page and Patricia Elizabeth Gaffikin in the west London suburb of Heston on 9 January 1944.
His father was a personnel manager and his mother, who was of Irish descent, was a doctors secretary. In 1952, they moved to Feltham and to Miles Road, Epsom in Surrey, I dont know whether was left behind by the people before, or whether it was a friend of the familys—nobody seemed to know why it was there. First playing the instrument at age 12, he took a few lessons in nearby Kingston, there was one other guitarist in my school who actually showed me the first chords that I learned and I went on from there. I was bored so I taught myself the guitar from listening to records, so obviously it was a very personal thing. Among Pages early influences were rockabilly guitarists Scotty Moore and James Burton, presleys song Baby Lets Play House is cited by Page as being his inspiration to take up the guitar. Although he appeared on BBC1 in 1957 with a Höfner President, Page states that his first guitar was a second-hand 1959 Futurama Grazioso, replaced by a Fender Telecaster. Pages musical tastes included skiffle and acoustic folk playing, and the sounds of Elmore James, B. B.
King, Otis Rush, Buddy Guy, Freddie King. Basically, that was the start, a mixture between rock and blues, at 13, Page appeared on Huw Wheldons All Your Own talent quest programme in a skiffle quartet, one performance of which aired on BBC1 in 1957. The group played Mama Dont Want to Skiffle Anymore and another American-flavoured song, when asked by Wheldon what he wanted to do after schooling, Page said, I want to do biological research to find a cure for cancer, if it isnt discovered by then. In an interview with Guitar Player magazine, Page stated that there was a lot of busking in the early days, Page took a guitar to school each day only to have it confiscated and returned to him after class. Although interviewed for a job as an assistant, he ultimately chose to leave Danetree Secondary School, West Ewell
Jack Rose (guitarist)
Jack Rose was an American guitarist originally from Virginia and based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Rose is best known for his acoustic guitar work. He was a member of the noise/drone band Pelt, in 1993, Jack Rose joined the noise/drone band Pelt with Michael Gangloff and Patrick Best. Then influenced by punk and rock and roll initially, the trio, sometimes joined by friends including Mikel Dimmick and Jason Bill, the group toured steadily in the U. S. and referenced the work ethic of the Grateful Dead in the title of their album Robs Choice. Notable tourmates included Harry Pussy and opened for Sonic Youth, in Pelt, Rose played a variety of instruments, primarily electric guitar. During the late 1990s, Pelt began to play acoustic folk-derived material, byron Coley wrote a feature on the group for the magazine The Wire, calling them the Hillbilly Theatre of Eternal Music. In late 1999, after Rose had been fired from his job at a shop and was able to collect unemployment benefits, he concentrated on acoustic guitar.
He first released two CD-Rs, Hung Far Low, Portland and Doctor Ragtime, which featured a mix of country blues and these releases were composed of original and traditional songs, including covers of songs by fingerpicking guitarists John Fahey and Sam McGee. His first proper full-length, Red Horse, White Mule, was released on vinyl by Eclipse Records in 2002, Jack Rose was a prolific recording artist in his relatively short solo career, with albums, EPs, and compilation tracks on no fewer than ten record labels. He gained a new level of public exposure upon his inclusion on Devendra Banharts sold-out Golden Apples of the Sun compilation in 2004. Roses first three releases on Eclipse Records—Red Horse, White Mule, Opium Musick, and Raag Manifestos —were met with praise by critics. Finally, said Ben Chasny of Six Organs of Admittance, referring to Opium Musick in an interview with Pitchfork, somebody has something to say on the acoustic guitar that hasnt been said before. Raag Manifestos was named one of 2004s 50 Records of the Year by the UK avant garde music magazine The Wire in January 2005, Roses rise in popularity in the UK during that time coincided with his Peel Session on May 20,2004.
In 2005 he released Kensington Blues on Tequila Sunrise records, featuring ragtime, country blues and lap steel, the record earned high marks from Pitchfork and Dusted Magazine. Kensington Blues is a hard record to live up to. He went on to express doubts about some of his other material released around that period of time, with everyone putting out so much stuff, I mean you’ve gotta have new product all the time, its kind of a drag, he continued. I hate to sound like a total capitalist here, but when you’re on tour you need to have something to sustain you. His recorded collaborators outside of Pelt were infrequent but include Jason Bill of Charalambides, Donald Miller of Borbetomagus, Glenn Jones of Cul de Sac, Ian Nagoski and Keenan Lawler
Shawnee
The Shawnee are an Algonquian-speaking ethnic group indigenous to North America. Pushed west by European-American pressure, the Shawnee migrated to Missouri and Kansas, Other Shawnee did not remove to Oklahoma until after the Civil War. The Shawnee language, an Algonquian language, was spoken by 200 people in 2002, the language is written in the Latin script. It has a dictionary and portions of the Bible were translated into Shawnee, some scholars believe that the Shawnee are descendants of the people of the precontact Fort Ancient culture of the Ohio region, although this is not universally accepted. Fort Ancient culture flourished from 1000 to 1650 CE among a people who predominantly inhabited lands along the Ohio River in areas of southern Ohio, northern Kentucky, Fort Ancient culture was once thought to have been an extension of the Mississippian culture. But, scholars now believe Fort Ancient culture developed independently and was descended from the Hopewell culture, uncertainty surrounds the fate of the Fort Ancient people.
There is a gap in the record between the most recent Fort Ancient sites and the oldest sites of the Shawnee. The latter were recorded by European explorers as occupying this area at the time of encounter, the Shawnee traditionally considered the Lenape of the East Coast mid-Atlantic region, who were Algonquian speaking, as their grandfathers. The Algonquian nations of present-day Canada regarded the US Shawnee as their southernmost branch, along the East Coast, the Algonquian-speaking tribes were mostly located in coastal areas, from Quebec to the Carolinas. Algonquian languages have similar to the archaic shawano meaning south. However, the stem šawa- does not mean south in Shawnee, in one Shawnee tale, Sawage is the deity of the south wind. Curtin translates Sawage as it thaws, referring to the weather of the south. šaawaki is attested as the spirit of the South, or the South Wind, in account, in one of Voegelins tales. Europeans reported encountering Shawnee over a geographic area. One of the earliest mentions of the Shawnee may be a 1614 Dutch map showing some Sawwanew located just east of the Delaware River, 17th-century Dutch sources place them in this general location.
Accounts by French explorers in the same century usually located the Shawnee along the Ohio River, where the French encountered them on forays from eastern Canada, a Shawnee town might have from forty to one hundred bark-covered houses similar in construction to Iroquois longhouses. Each village usually had a house or council house, perhaps sixty to ninety feet long. According to one European legend, some Shawnee were descended from a party sent by Chief Opechancanough, ruler of the Powhatan Confederacy 1618–1644, the party was led by his son, Sheewa-a-nee
Dunn, North Carolina
Dunn is a city in Harnett County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 9,263 at the 2010 census and it is the anchor city of the Dunn Micropolitan Area, population 114,678, which is a part of the greater Raleigh–Durham–Cary Combined Statistical Area as defined by the United States Census Bureau. Originally called Lucknow, what would become present day Dunn was a sleepy hamlet compared to Averasborough, after the Battle of Averasborough in 1865, most residents from Averasborough left for Lucknow, renamed Dunn in 1873. The city of Dunn was incorporated on February 12,1887, at time was a logging town. The name honors Bennett Dunn, who supervised the construction of the line between Wilson and Fayetteville. Dunn is located at 35°18′37″N 78°36′39″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.2 square miles, all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 9,196 people,3,797 households, the population density was 1,482.2 people per square mile. There were 4,100 housing units at a density of 660.8 per square mile.
The racial makeup of the city was 54. 56% White,41. 21% African American,0. 97% Native American,0. 60% Asian,0. 07% Pacific Islander,1. 28% from other races, and 1. 32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 24% of the population,32. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the family size was 2.99. In the city, the population was out with 25. 1% under the age of 18,7. 8% from 18 to 24,25. 3% from 25 to 44,23. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39 years, for every 100 females there were 79.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.2 males, the median income for a household in the city was $28,550, and the median income for a family was $39,521. Males had an income of $31,029 versus $21,961 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,178, about 19. 6% of families and 23. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32. 2% of those under age 18 and 19. 2% of those age 65 or over.
Dunn is home to four schools, heritage Bible College, Harnett Primary is for Preschool through 3rd grade, Wayne Avenue Elementary is for 4th through 5th grade, Dunn Middle School is for grades 6,7, and 8. Dunns students attend Triton High School in nearby Erwin, Dunn is home to a few small private schools
Distortion (music)
Distortion and overdrive are forms of audio signal processing used to alter the sound of amplified electric musical instruments, usually by increasing their gain. Distortion is most commonly used with the guitar, but may be used with other electric instruments. Guitarists playing electric blues originally obtained an overdriven sound by turning up their vacuum tube-powered guitar amplifiers to high volumes, the terms distortion and overdrive are often used interchangeably, where a distinction is made, distortion is used to denote a more extreme version of the effect than overdrive. Fuzz is a used to describe a particular form of distortion originally created by guitarists using faulty equipment. Distortion and fuzz can be produced by effects pedals, pre-amplifiers, power amplifiers, speakers and by digital amplifier modeling devices and these effects are used with electric guitars, electric basses, electronic keyboards, and more rarely as a special effect with vocals. The first guitar amplifiers were relatively low-fidelity, and would often produce distortion when their volume was increased beyond their design limit or if they sustained minor damage.
Around 1945, Western-swing guitarist Junior Barnard began experimenting with a rudimentary humbucker pick-up, in early rock music, Goree Carters Rock Awhile featured an over-driven electric guitar style similar to that of Chuck Berry several years later, as well as Joe Hill Louis Boogie in the Park. In the early 1950s, pioneering rock guitarist Willie Johnson of Howlin Wolf′s band began deliberately increasing gain beyond its intended levels to produce distorted sounds. Guitar Slim experimented with distorted overtones, which can be heard in his hit electric blues song The Things That I Used to Do, Chuck Berrys 1955 classic Maybellene features a guitar solo with warm overtones created by his small valve amplifier. Rock guitarists began intentionally doctoring amplifiers and speakers in order to emulate this form of distortion, according to other sources Burlisons amp had a partially broken loudspeaker cone. In the late 1950s, Guitarist Link Wray began intentionally manipulating his amplifiers vacuum tubes to create a noisy and dirty sound for his solos after a similarly accidental discovery.
Wray poked holes in his speaker cones with pencils to further distort his tone, used electronic echo chambers, the recent powerful and fat Gibson humbucker pickups, the resultant sound can be heard on his highly influential 1958 instrumental and Rawhide. In 1961, Grady Martin scored a hit with a fuzzy tone caused by a faulty preamplifier that distorted his guitar playing on the Marty Robbins song Dont Worry, that year Martin recorded an instrumental tune under his own name, using the same faulty preamp. The song, on the Decca label, was called The Fuzz, Martin is generally credited as the discoverer of the fuzz effect. Rhodes offered The Ventures a fuzzbox he had made, which used to record 2000 Pound Bee in 1962. The best-known early commercial distortion circuit was the Maestro FZ-1 Fuzz-Tone, manufactured by Gibson, in May 1965 Keith Richards used a Gibson Maestro FZ-1 Fuzz-Tone to record Satisfaction. The songs success boosted sales of the device, and all available stock sold out by the end of 1965.
In music the different forms of linear distortion have specific names describing them, in the context of music, the most common source of distortion is clipping in amplifier circuits and is most commonly known as overdrive
Late Show with David Letterman
Late Show with David Letterman is an American late-night talk show hosted by David Letterman on CBS, the first iteration of the Late Show franchise. The show debuted on August 30,1993, and was produced by Lettermans production company, Worldwide Pants Incorporated, the shows music director and leader of the house band, the CBS Orchestra, was Paul Shaffer. The head writer was Matt Roberts and the announcer was Alan Kalter, of the major U. S. late-night programs, Late Show ranked second in cumulative average viewers over time and third in number of episodes over time. In most U. S. markets the show aired from 11,35 p. m. to 12,37 a. m. Eastern and Pacific Time, and recorded Monday through Wednesdays at 4,30 p. m. the second Thursday episode usually aired on Friday of that week. In 2002, Late Show with David Letterman was ranked No.7 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. As host of both Late Night and Late Show for more than 30 years, Letterman surpassed Johnny Carson as the longest running talk show host in 2013.
That same year, Late Night and Late Show were ranked at #41 on TV Guides 60 Best Series of All Time, in 2014, Letterman announced his retirement and the final episode of Late Show aired on May 20,2015. The show was succeeded by The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, hosted by Stephen Colbert. For most of the 20 years preceding Late Show, CBSs late night fare consisted of movies and specialty programming packaged under the title CBS Late Night and broadcast to middling ratings. When David Letterman became available following a conflict with NBC, CBS was eager to lure him and offered him a three-year, $14 million per year contract, according to their agreement, the show would spend a month in Hollywood at least once a year. CBS purchased the Ed Sullivan Theater for $4 million, spending several million to renovate it, the renovation was supervised by architect James Polshek. CBS total cost for acquiring the show including renovations, negotiation rights paid to NBC, signing Letterman, announcer Bill Wendell, the writers and the band was over $140 million.
A significant issue regarding Lettermans move to CBS was the ownership of long-running comedy bits used on Late Night, NBC claimed that much of what he did on Late Night was intellectual property of the network. Ultimately a compromise was reached in key areas, NBC gave Letterman the choice of at least two options to name his new show, Late Show with David Letterman or Nightly with David Letterman. On this matter CBS executives stepped in, rejecting Nightly in part because of confusion with Nightline on ABC. Thus, Late Show with David Letterman quickly became the official title, after Letterman was introduced on Late Shows very first episode, NBC Nightly News anchor Tom Brokaw accompanied him on stage and wished him reasonably well. As part of an act, Brokaw proceeded to retrieve a pair of cue cards while stating that These last two jokes are the intellectual property of NBC
United States Army
The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures.
For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require.
This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
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