Litmus
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Litmus is a water-soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens. It is often absorbed into filter paper to produce one of the oldest forms of pH indicator, used to test materials for acidit
Litmus powder
Parmelia sulcata
Litmus paper after being used
Lichen
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A lichen is a hybrid colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among filaments of multiple fungus species, along with bacteria embedded in the cortex, or "skin", in a mutualistic relations
Litmus
…Litmus is a water-soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens. It is often absorbed into filter paper to produce one of the oldest forms of pH indicator, used to test materials for acidity. In an acidic medium…
Letharia vulpina, wolf lichen, grows like a multiple-branched tuft or leafless mini-shrub, so it has a fruticose growth form.
Flavoparmelia caperata has leaf-like structures, so it is foliose.
Caloplaca marina grows like an orange crust coating the rock, so it is crustose.
Variospora thallincola grows like a crust, and in a pattern that radiates outward from the center, so it has a crustose placodioid growth form.